高二英语上学期开学考试(天津卷)-2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（外研版2019）

2023-2024学年高二上学期开学考试（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：120分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—According to my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when youhave a cold. — ______, scientists agree with her. A．Sooner or later B．Believe it or not C．Never say never D．Once in a while 2．The environment won’t be getting better ______ the majority of us take steps to reduce waste and pollution. A．though B．since C．if D．unless 3．A recent study reported that planting billions of trees was the cheapest and most ______ way to help deal with global warming. A．effective B．sensitive C．temporary D．generous 4．Recently, some “green truths” ______ to be only half true or even completely false. A．have shown B．showed C．were shown D．have been shown 5．______ for her wonderful acting skill, the actress will be interviewed by Mongo TV next week. A．To know B．Being known C．Known D．Knowing 6．The colours of Van Gogh’s flowers range from bright yellows to brownish yellows, showing that the flowers are at different ______ of life. A．concerns B．stages C．attempts D．signs 7．Some inventions today are brilliantly designed, but ______ function, they are not very practical. A．according to B．in charge of C．in terms of D．due to 8．Kathy _________ a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls. A．picked up B．took up C．made up D．turned up 9．It’s eleven o’clock already. ______ you watch the movie at such a late hour? A．Can B．Must C．May D．Shall 10．The company plans to ______ sports events as part of its marketing strategy. A．arrange B．ensure C．justify D．sponsor 11．Tom was doing his homework at home when he suddenly heard someone ______ gently on the window. A．knocking B．knock C．knocked D．to knock 12．The Science Museum,________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London's tourist attractions. A．Where B．that C．when D．which 13．Last summer, Robert, along with his two sisters, ______ to a remote island to experience the local life. A．has been sent B．have been sent C．was sent D．were sent 14．With time going by, ______ once seemed vital in our life is no longer as important now. A．which B．how C．what D．whether 15．—Edward, do you mind sharing the same office with me for the moment? —________. I’d be glad to. A．Yes, I do B．Not at all C．Never mind D．Go ahead 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Two sisters raised nearly $3,000 to provide Thanksgiving meals to families in need. From cherry pies to turkeys, they tried their best to make sure those families could 16 the traditional holiday dinner. In 2019, for the third year in a row, Alexa Fischer, 9, and her sister Caroline, 6 , raised money to help 17 families that couldn’t afford Thanksgiving meals. “We started this as a(n) 18 project in 2017 for the family to do in the 19 ,” the girls’ mom, Lisa Fischer, told CNN. “When I suggested we 20 one box of food, Alexa said that wasn’t 21 and that we should donate l0 boxes.” Fischer 22 that a full Thanksgiving meal would cost much money. She explained that paying for 10 meals would not be something the family could do 23 financial help. In order to get enough money, the girls decided to 24 a lemonade stand (柠檬水摊位). The public 25 them strongly after knowing their goal. “The first year, we raised enough money for 100 boxes of food,” Fischer said. Since the first year went so well, they decided to make it a 26 . In 2018, the girls 27 raised enough money for 130 boxes of food and 50 turkeys. And in 2019, the result was far beyond their 28 . In just several days, they raised $2,896 for their 2019 Thanksgiving project, which would 29 them to get 108 boxes of food and 108 turkeys. “The girls are 30 when they see their friends, teachers and neighbors show up to their lemonade stand, but they are too 31 to understand how much attention they’re getting,” Fischer said. “They just 32   this means a lot of people will have Thanksgiving dinner,” she 33 . Generally speaking, the 34 of the holidays is all about showing your gratitude(感激), and the Fischer family are just 35 they have the support to give to families in need. 16．A．make B．enjoy C．attend D．buy 17．A．poor B．small C．traditional D．strange 18．A．service B．education C．entertainment D．research 19．A．summer B．night C．morning D．holiday 20．A．accept B．discover C．sell D．donate 21．A．convenient B．enough C．expensive D．necessary 22．A．kept in mind B．made up her mind C．pointed out D．found out 23．A．except B．without C．before D．like 24．A．copy B．steal C．report D．run 25．A．believed B．suggested C．criticized D．backed 26．A．tradition B．task C．reality D．memory 27．A．successfully B．bravely C．secretly D．anxiously 28．A．reach B．control C．expectations D．abilities 29．A．allow B．encourage C．advise D．invite 30．A．proud B．embarrassed C．excited D．nervous 31．A．stupid B．careless C．young D．old 32．A．mention B．know C．forget D．doubt 33．A．shouted B．answered C．added D．questioned 34．A．advertisement B．spirit C．gift D．joy 35．A．thankful B．touched C．lucky D．inspired 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Here are some wonderful festivals around the world that happen in spring. If you want to know more about them, please click Here or visit http://www.buddhanet.net/festival.Htm SongKran—Thailand Dates:13 th-15th, April In Thailand, people celebrate a festival called Songkran, when people head out to the streets with water guns to spray（喷洒） everyone who walks past. It’s a very important traditional celebration in the country. Naghol—Vanuatu Dates: Every Saturday from April to May Every year, villagers come together to celebrate the harvest of yams（甘薯）, an important part in the people’s diet in Vanuatu. The festival is most famous for its “land diving（潜水） ceremony”. During the ceremony men and boys dive to the ground from high wooden towers with only two thin vines（藤） tied to their feet. Cherry Blossom Viewing —Japan Dates: The cherry blossom season is different from year to year depending on the weather. The festival is well-known. The Japanese celebrate the days when the flowers finally blossom. Only a few days later, the petals（花瓣） fall to the ground, like pink snowflakes. That means the traditional festival only lasts for several days. In Japan, almost everyone has picnics in the parks to view the flowers. Sinhalese New Year —Sri Lanka Dates: 13th or 14th, April Just like in many other countries in South East Asia, this is the time when people celebrate the traditional New Year, an ancient celebration which marks the end of the harvest season and is one of two times of the year when the sun is straight above Sri Lanka. There are a lot of delicious foods during the celebration. 36．What will most likely happen to a tourist walking in the street during SongKran in Thailand? A．He will get wet. B．He will hurt his feet. C．He will be treated to delicious foods. D．He will see some petal falling. 37．Where can you go to see dangerous actions during the festival? A．Thailand. B．Vanuatu. C．Japan. D．Sri Lanka. 38．How is Cherry Blossom Viewing different from the other festivals? A．It is a traditional festival. B．It is a very famous festival. C．Its date is different every year. D．It provides visitors with delicious foods. 39．In Sri Lanka, Sinhalese New Year indicates ______. A．the arrival of lots of tourists B．the end of the harvest season C．the beginning of farming D．the sun is closest to the country 40．Where are you most likely to find the text? A．On TV. B．In a report. C．On the Internet. D．In the newspaper. B When Americans think of the lunch menu at their childhood school dining halls, they probably imagine the shapeless, tasteless meat — plus some brown mush (糊状物) to match. But for children in Japan, school lunches are a rich experience where the students learn about culture and nutrition (营养) of foods. “Japan’s opinion is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it,” Masahiro Oji, a government director of school health education in Japan said. The food offered at schools in Japan is affordable, fresh, and made by the students themselves. And Japanese children don’t just eat the food they prepare; they learn about the nutrition and culture of their meals, too. The food is grown locally and includes a balanced menu of rice, vegetables, fish, and soups. Even better, each meal only costs just $2.50. “Parents hear their kids talking about what they had for lunch,” Tatsuji Shino, the headmaster at Umejima Elementary School in Tokyo said, “and kids ask them to re-create the meals at home.” Japanese students also learn cooperation (合作) and etiquette skills as they serve and clean up after each other. Considering the fact that Japan has one of the world’s lowest childhood obesity rates (肥胖), the US probably has a lot to learn from this country’s school lunches. A recent study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch — where choices include pizza, chicken, and French fries — were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home. For American parents who want to be a little more like the Japanese, try sending your children to school with these great school lunches for kids who hate sandwiches. 41．How does Japan treat school lunches? A．It considers lunch an important way of keeping fit. B．It takes lunch as time for students to feed themselves up. C．It considers lunch a part of school education. D．It considers lunch a chance to help students relax 42．What can we know about Japanese school lunches? A．They are cheap. B．They are cold. C．They are full of meat. D．They are home-made. 43．As the students serve and clean up after each other during lunchtime, they can learn to ______. A．eat quietly B．help others C．make friends D．work together 44．What does the author want to tell us in the fourth paragraph? A．American school lunches are likely to make people fat. B．American school lunches are more popular. C．More people prefer studying at American schools. D．American kids are the fattest in the world. 45．What does the author think of American school lunches? A．Expensive. B．Unhealthy. C．Great. D．Nutritional. C “Robot, stand up” — Oscar Constanza, 16, gives the order, and slowly but surely a large frame (支架) lifts him up and he starts walking. Fixed to his shoulders, chest, waist, knees and feet, the exoskeleton (外骨骼) allows Oscar — who has a genetic neurological condition that means he was unable to move — to walk across the room and turn around. “Before, I needed someone to help me walk ... this makes me feel independent,” said Oscar, as his father Jean-Louis Constanza, one of the co-founders of the company that makes the exoskeleton, looked on. “One day Oscar said to me: ‘Dad, you’re a robotic engineer. Why don’t you make a robot that would allow us to walk?’” his father said in Paris. “Ten years from now, there will be no, or far fewer, wheelchairs,” he said. Other companies across the world are also making exoskeletons, competing to make them as light and usable as possible. Some are focused on helping disabled people walk, others on applications, including making standing less tiring for factory workers. Wandercraft’s exoskeleton, an outer frame that supports but also simulates (模仿) body movement, has been sold to many hospitals in France, Luxembourg and the United States, for about 150,000 euros a piece. It cannot yet be bought by private individuals for everyday use — that is the next stage the company is working on. A personal skeleton would need to be much lighter, Wandercraft engineers said. Just outside Paris, 33-year-old Kevin Piette, who lost the ability to walk in a bike accident 10 years ago, tries one on, walking around his apartment, remote controller (遥控器) in hand. “In the end, it’s quite similar: instead of having the information going from the brain to the legs, it goes from the remote controller to the legs,” he said, before making his dinner and walking with it from the kitchen to the living room. 46．What difficulty did Oscar face? A．He didn’t get along well with his father. B．He didn’t get the right treatment. C．He failed to invent a robot. D．He lost his ability to walk. 47．What did Oscar ask his father to do? A．Support his dream of being an engineer. B．Help him get away from the wheelchair. C．Stop limiting his freedom. D．Set up a robot company. 48．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in paragraph 4? A．Other companies. B．Exoskeletons. C．Disabled people. D．Factory workers. 49．What can we infer about exoskeletons from paragraph 4? A．They are affordable for most disabled people. B．They will have a big market. C．They have reached the common family. D．They are not as useful as expected. 50．What can we infer about Kevin’s exoskeleton? A．It is difficult to control. B．It is worse than real legs. C．It can satisfy his daily needs. D．It helps him follow his dreams. D Last year, wildfire spread through Boulder, Colorado. It wasn’t a hot summer day. It wasn’t a forested neighborhood. It was winter in the suburbs (郊区). More than 1,000 homes and buildings burned. Large parts of the country that don’t have wildfires are now at risk. They include nearly 80 million homes and buildings. That’s what new data shows. Over the next 30 years, the risk will only grow. The group First Street Foundation created a program called Fire Factor. People can go to a website to learn what their wildfire risk is in 2022 and in 2052. Right now, about 16% of Americans live in risky places. By 2052, that will go up to 21%. California will likely suffer a lot from wildfire. That’s partly because it is so big and partly because of its weather. So California will be on the top of the at-risk list. But nearly half of all at-risk Americans in 2052 will live in the southern half of the U.S. The South will be home to the largest number of people at high risk: 32 million. States like Texas, Florida, Oklahoma, and North and South Carolina will be “in the line of fire,” so to speak, and so will southwestern states like Arizona and New Mexico. People are doing many things to make fire risk worse. They are moving to places where wildfire is a natural yearly event. They are building homes right next to plants and trees that can burn. Climate change has increased heat and dryness. That means any spark (火花) at any time can cause a big fire. As with many climate threats, wildfires put minorities (少数群体) at the greatest risk. By 2052, about 44% of all Native Americans will live in places at major risk from wildfire. Nearly 1 in 4 Hispanics will. People who don’t speak English or own cars will have a harder time learning about and getting away from a fast-moving fire. 51．What problem did Boulder have last year? A．Strange weather. B．Huge loss of forests. C．Widespread wildfires. D．A rapid drop in populations. 52．What does the new data show? A．About 16% of Americans are safe now. B．The risky areas of wildfire are increasing. C．The risk of wildfire will be lowered in 2052. D．Nearly 80 million homes are burnt down by wildfire. 53．Which of the following will be the most dangerous in 2052? A．Florida. B．South Carolina. C．California. D．New Mexico. 54．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Reasons why wildfire risk is worse. B．Dangers humans may face in the future. C．Actions taken by humans to prevent fire. D．Suggestions for self-protection in wildfire. 55．How many Hispanics will live in risky places by 2052? A．About 16%. B．About 21%. C．About 25%. D．About 44%. 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 In the 1950s, when I was young, I lived in Houston, Texas. As I grew up, the city grew up. To me, the most exciting changes were that one big building after another went up. I think that’s what made me want to be an architect, and I wanted to take part in building one. In high school, I took a class called drafting(绘图). There I learned how to use many different tools to draw plans for building things. I was the only girl in the class, and others laughed at me. But I knew what I wanted to do, so I didn’t mind the jokes. When I was 16, I found my first summer job with an engineering company. I worked in the drafting room with 60 men on one of the biggest engineering projects of our century—the Trans-Alaska Pipeline(管道). That pipeline now carries oil south across Alaska, from oil wells near the Arctic Ocean down to the Pacific. That summer I learned a lot about how a huge structure is designed and what it’s like to work in a team. One of my bosses from that summer said he knew that was the secret of my success. The engineers liked my work so much that they asked me to come back. I worked there for the next five summers. During those years, I studied architecture at the University of Texas. I discovered that the best way to learn about architecture is to look at the world around me. To remember what I saw, I always carried a notebook with me so I could make quick drawings. After I graduated from college, I made my dream come true. 56．What made the author want to be an architect? (no more than 5 words) 57．What did the author learn in her drafting class? (no more than 10 words) 58．Why did the author describe the Trans-Alaska Pipeline in detail in Para.3? (no more than 10 words) 59．What is the best way to learn about architecture according to the author? (no more than 15 words) 60．How does the author’s success inspire you? (no more than 20 words) 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假定你是李华，你们班正在举行主题为My Most Admirable Person的演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括： 1.简单介绍我最钦佩的人； 2.你对他／她的评价； 3.他／她对你产生的影响。 注意：1.词数100词以上； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。 My Most Admirable Person Dear teachers and classmates, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thank you! 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——据我奶奶说，感冒时吃鸡汤是个好主意。——信不信由你，科学家们同意她的观点。A. Sooner or later迟早；B. Believe it or not信不信由你；C. Never say never永不言弃，永不说不；D. Once in a while偶尔。根据上下文句意可知，此处表示：这事信不信由你。故选B项。 2．D 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：除非我们大多数人采取措施减少浪费和污染，否则环境不会变得更好。A. though尽管；B. since由于；自从；C. if如果；D. unless如果不；除非。根据句意可知，此处为条件状语从句。由“The environment won’t be getting better”可知，此处指“如果我们大多数人不采取措施减少浪费和污染”，故选D。 3．A 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项研究报告称，种植数以亿计的树木是帮助应对全球变暖的最便宜、最有效的方法。A. effective有效的；B. sensitive敏感的；C. temporary暂时的；D. generous慷慨的。根据句中“the cheapest and most ______ way to help deal with global warming”可知，此处指“最有效的方法”。故选A。 4．D 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：最近，一些“绿色真理”被证明只有一半是正确的，甚至是完全错误的。根据时间状语“Recently”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语 some “green truths”和show为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选D。 5．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位以精湛演技著称的女演员将于下周接受Mongo电视台的采访。此处为非谓语，动词know和主语之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作状语，表原因，known for是固定搭配。B项强调在进行，不符合句意。故选C项。 6．B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：梵高的花的颜色从亮黄色到棕黄色不等，表明这些花处于不同的生命阶段。A. concerns 担忧；B. stages阶段；C. attempts试图；D. signs迹象。根据花颜色的变化来表现花的不同生命阶段。故选B。 7．C 【详解】考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：今天的一些发明设计得很出色，但就功能而言，它们并不是很实用。A. according to根据；B. in charge of负责；C. in terms of在……方面，就……而言；D. due to由于。根据前后文句意可知，此处指“就功能而言，并不实用”。故选C项。 8．A 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过和当地男孩和女孩玩耍，Mary学会了许多西班牙语。A. picked up捡起，获得,，学会，使恢复精神,，加快,，看到，随便地认识；B. took up开始从事;接受（提议）;占用；C. made up构成，编造；化妆；弥补，和解；D. turned up翻起;出现;（尤指失去后偶然）被发现；根据句意可知，Mary是通过和当地孩子一起玩的时候学会了许多西班牙语。故选A。 9．B 【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：已经11点了。这么晚了，你一定要看电影吗？A. Can能，可以；B. Must必须，一定，偏要；C. May可以，可能；D. Shall(表示说话人的允诺、命令、决心等，用于陈述句的第二、三人称)必须，应，可。情态动词must可以表示坚持或固执，表达“偏要，偏偏”符合语境。故选B项。 10．D 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这家公司计划赞助体育赛事，以此作为营销策略之一。A. arrange安排；B. ensure确保；C. justify证明；D. sponsor资助。根据“marketing strategy”可知，赞助体育赛事是营销策略。故选D。 11．A 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：汤姆正在家里做作业，突然听到有人在轻轻地敲窗户。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作宾语补足语。hear sb. doing sth. 意为“听见某人正在做某事”。根据句意，此处指“听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户”，故用现在分词作宾补。故选A。 12．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一，我们在最近一次英国之行中参观了它。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词The Science Museum，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故选D。 13．C 【详解】考查时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：去年夏天，罗伯特和他的两个姐姐被送到一个偏远的岛屿，体验当地的生活。根据时间状语Last summer可知，本句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态；along with his two sisters作定语修饰主语Robert，谓语和主语一致，用单数。故选C项。 14．C 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，曾经在我们生活中至关重要的东西现在不再那么重要了。分析句子成分可知，with time going by 为 with 的复合结构，在句中作状语。______ once seemed vital in our life在句中作主语，为主语从句，横线部分为主语从句的引导词。主语从句缺少主语，且指代“我们生活中过去似乎很重要的东西”，应用 what。故选C。 15．B 【详解】考查情景交际及习惯表达。句意：——Edward，你介意暂时和我共用一间办公室吗?——点也不。我乐意。A. Yes, I do是的；B. Not at all一点儿也不；C. Never mind没关系；D. Go ahead干吧。因为问句是“do you mind(你介意吗)”，根据后文“I’d be glad to.”可知，Not at all“一点儿也不”符合语境。故选B项。 16．B 17．A 18．A 19．D 20．D 21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．A 30．C 31．C 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了9岁的Alexa Fischer和她6岁的妹妹Caroline连续三年筹集资金帮助那些负担不起感恩节大餐的贫困家庭。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从樱桃派到火鸡，他们尽最大努力确保这些家庭能享受到传统的节日晚餐。A. make制作；B. enjoy喜欢；享受；C. attend参加；D. buy买。由上文“Two sisters raised nearly $3,000 to provide Thanksgiving meals to families in need.”可知，两姐妹为有需要的家庭提供感恩节大餐，让这些家庭来享受传统的感恩节的节日晚餐。故选B。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2019年，9岁的Alexa Fischer和她6岁的妹妹Caroline连续第三年筹集资金帮助那些负担不起感恩节大餐的贫困家庭。A. poor贫穷的；B. small小的；C. traditional传统的；D. strange奇怪的。由下文“families that couldn’t afford Thanksgiving meals.”可知，这些负担不起感恩节大餐的家庭应该是贫困家庭，故选A。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们一家人在2017年节日期间开始了这个服务项目，”女孩的母亲Lisa Fischer告诉CNN。A. service服务；B. education教育；C. entertainment娱乐活动；D. research研究。由上文“Two sisters raised nearly $3,000 to provide Thanksgiving meals to families in need.”可知，两姐妹为有需要的家庭提供感恩节大餐，让这些家庭来享受传统的感恩节的节日晚餐，她们所做的是服务项目，故选A。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们一家人在2017年节日期间开始了这个服务项目，”女孩的母亲Lisa Fischer告诉CNN。A. summer夏季；B. night晚上；C. morning早上；D. holiday节日。由下文“a full Thanksgiving meal”可知，两姐妹在感恩节为负担不起大餐的家庭提供晚餐，由此可知，此处指在节日期间，故选D。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我建议我们捐赠一盒食物时，Alexa说这还不够，我们应该捐赠10盒。”A. accept接受；B. discover发现；C. sell买；D. donate捐赠。由下文“we should donate l0 boxes”可知，donate属于同词复现，此处表示捐赠食物，故选D。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我建议我们捐赠一盒食物时，Alexa说这还不够，我们应该捐赠10盒。”A. convenient方便的；B. enough足够的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. necessary有必要的。由上文提到的建议捐赠一盒食物和下文“we should donate l0 boxes”可知，捐赠一盒食物不够，应该捐赠十盒，故选B。 22．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Fischer指出，一顿丰盛的感恩节大餐要花很多钱。A. kept in mind记住；B. made up her mind下定她的决心；C. pointed out指出；D. found out找出。由下文“She explained that paying for 10 meals would not be something the family could do____8__financial help.”可知，Fischer说，支付十顿饭的费用很多，由此可知，此处是她指出一顿丰盛的感恩节大餐要花很多钱，故选C。 23．考查介词词义辨析。句意：她解释说，如果没有经济上的帮助，支付10顿饭的费用是这个家庭不能不做到的。A. except除了；B. without没有；C. before在……之前；D. like像。由上文“She explained that paying for 10 meals would not be something the family could do”和下文“financial help.”可知，没有经济支持，她们家无法支付10顿饭，故选B。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了得到足够的钱，女孩们决定经营一个柠檬水摊。A. copy复制；B. steal偷窃；C. report报告；D. run跑步；经营。由上文“In order to get enough money”和下文“a lemonade stand (柠檬水摊位)”可知，女孩们经营一个柠檬水摊位，是为了筹集到足够的钱，故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在知道她们的目标后，公众强烈支持她们。A. believed相信；B. suggested建议；C. criticized批评；D. backed支持。由下文“The first year, we raised enough money for 100 boxes of food,”可知，她们筹集了足够的资金来购买100箱食物，这说明公众很支持她们，故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于第一年进展顺利，她们决定把它作为一个传统。A. tradition传统；B. task任务；C. reality事实；D. memory记忆。由下文“In 2018, the girls____12___raised enough money for 130 boxes of food and 50 turkeys. And in 2019, the result was far beyond their____13____.”可知，接下来每年都筹集钱来购买食物，这说明她们将这作为一个传统，故选A。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2018年，这些女孩成功地筹集到了足够的资金，用于购买130箱食品和50只火鸡。A. successfully成功地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. secretly秘密地；D. anxiously焦虑地。由下文“raised enough money for 130 boxes of food and 50 turkeys”可知，女孩们成功地筹集到了足够的资金用来买食物，故选A。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而在2019年，结果远远超出了她们的预期。A. reach伸手可及的距离；B. control控制；C. expectations期望；D. abilities能力。由下文“In just several days, they raised $2,896 for their 2019 Thanksgiving project, ”可知，仅仅几天，她们就为2019年的感恩节计划筹集到了2896美元，这超出了她们的预期，故选C。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅仅几天，她们就为2019年的感恩节计划筹集到了2896美元，这将使她们得到108盒食物和108只火鸡。A. allow允许；B. encourage鼓励；C. advise建议；D. invite邀请。由上文“they raised $2,896 for their 2019 Thanksgiving project”和下文“them to get 108 boxes of food and 108 turkeys.”可知，她们筹集到了2896美元，这将使她们得到108盒食物和108只火鸡，allow sb. to do sth.固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。故选A。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Fischer说:“当看到朋友、老师和邻居出现在她们的柠檬水摊前时，女孩们都很兴奋，但是她们还太小，不知道自己受到了很多关注。”A. proud骄傲的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. excited兴奋的；D. nervous紧张的。由下文“when they see their friends, teachers and neighbors show up to their lemonade stand,”可知，看到朋友、老师和邻居出现在她们的柠檬水摊前时帮助她们筹集资金，她们应该很兴奋，故选C。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Fischer说:“当看到朋友、老师和邻居出现在她们的柠檬水摊前时，女孩们都很兴奋，但是她们还太小，不知道自己受到了很多关注。”A. stupid愚蠢的；B. careless马虎的；C. young年轻的；D. old老的。由上文“too”和下文“to understand how much attention they’re getting”可知，too...to...是固定搭配，意为“太……而不能做……”，她们还太小，所以不知道自己受到了很多关注，故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她们只是知道这意味着很多人会吃感恩节大餐，”她补充说。A. mention提到；B. know知道；C. forget忘记；D. doubt怀疑。由上文“understand”和下文“this means a lot of people will have Thanksgiving dinner,”可知，她们不知道自己受到了很多关注，只是知道自己这么做会使很多人在感恩节吃到大餐，故选B。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“她们只是知道这意味着很多人会吃感恩节大餐，”她补充说。A. shouted大叫；B. answered回答；C. added加入；接着说，补充道；D. questioned质疑。由上文“Fischer said”可知，上文提到Fischer说了一些话，此处也是Fischer说的话，指Fischer补充道，故选C。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，节日的精神就是表达你的感激之情，而Fischer 一家只是通过支持那些需要帮助的家庭来表达感谢之情。A. advertisement广告；B. spirit精神；C. gift礼物；D. joy高兴。由下文“is all about showing your gratitude(感激)”可知，表达感恩是感恩节这个节日的精神，故选B。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，节日的精神就是表达你的感激之情，而Fischer 一家只是通过支持那些需要帮助的家庭来表达感谢之情。A. thankful感恩的；B. touched感动的；C. lucky幸运的；D. inspired受启发的。由上文“showing your gratitude(感激)”提到的节日的精神是表达感谢之情，Fischer一家通过支持那些需要帮助的家庭来表达感谢之情。故选A。 36．A 37．B 38．C 39．B 40．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了世界各地在春天举行的一些精彩节日。 36．细节理解题。根据SongKran—Thailand中“In Thailand, people celebrate a festival called Songkran, when people head out to the streets with water guns to spray（喷洒）everyone who walks past. It’s a very important traditional celebration in the country.”（在泰国，人们会庆祝一个叫做宋干节的节日，人们会拿着水枪走上街头，向所有经过的人喷水。这是这个国家非常重要的传统节日。）可知，在泰国的宋干节期间，走在街上的游客最有可能会淋湿。故选A项。 37．细节理解题。根据Naghol—Vanuatu中“The festival is most famous for its “land diving（潜水） ceremony”. During the ceremony men and boys dive to the ground from high wooden towers with only two thin vines（藤） tied to their feet.”（这个节日最著名的是“陆地跳水仪式”。在仪式上，男人和男孩从高高的木塔上跳下来，脚上只绑着两根细藤蔓。）可知，节日期间你可以在瓦努阿图看到危险的动作。故选B项。 38．细节理解题。根据Cherry Blossom Viewing —Japan中“Dates: The cherry blossom season is different from year to year depending on the weather.”（日期：每年的樱花季节都不同，这取决于天气。）可知，樱花节与其他节日的不同之处是每年的日期都不一样。故选C项。 39．细节理解题。根据Sinhalese New Year —Sri Lanka中“Just like in many other countries in South East Asia, this is the time when people celebrate the traditional New Year, an ancient celebration which marks the end of the harvest season and is one of two times of the year when the sun is straight above Sri Lanka.”（就像东南亚许多其他国家一样，这是人们庆祝传统新年的时候，这是一个古老的庆祝活动，标志着丰收季节的结束，也是一年中两次太阳直射斯里兰卡的时候之一。）可知，在斯里兰卡，僧伽罗新年象征着丰收季节的结束。故选B项。 40．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Here are some wonderful festivals around the world that happen in spring. If you want to know more about them, please click Here or visit http://www.buddhanet.net/festival.Htm”（以下是世界各地在春天举行的一些精彩节日。如果你想了解更多，请点击这里或访问http://www.buddhanet.net/festival.Htm）可推知，这篇文章可能在互联网上看到。故选C项。 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．A 45．B 【导语】本文是说明文。文章通过对比日本学校午餐和美国学校午餐，告诉我们正是这种学校午餐的差异使得日本的孩子更健康。 41．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Japan’s opinion is that school lunches are a part of education, not a break from it (日本的观点是，学校午餐是教育的一部分，而不是教育的中断)”，可知日本认为学校午餐是学校教育的一部分。故选C。 42．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“The food offered at schools in Japan is affordable, fresh, and made by the students themselves. (日本学校提供的食物便宜、新鲜，而且是学生自己做的)”和“Even better, each meal only costs just $2.50. (更好的是，每顿饭只需2.5美元)”，可知日本学校午餐很便宜。故选A。 43．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Japanese students also learn cooperation(合作) and etiquette skills as they serve and clean up after each other. (日本学生在互相服务和打扫卫生时也学习合作和礼仪技巧)”，可知当学生们在午餐时间互相服务和打扫卫生时，他们可以学会合作。故选D。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段中“A recent study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch — where choices include pizza, chicken, and French fries — were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home. (最近的一项研究发现，经常吃学校午餐的美国学生比那些从家里带午餐的学生患肥胖症的可能性高出29%)”可推知，作者想表示美国的学校午餐很可能使人发胖。故选A项。 45．推理判断题。根据第四段中“A recent study found that American students who regularly ate the school lunch — where choices include pizza, chicken, and French fries — were 29 percent more likely to be obese than those who brought lunch from home.(最近的一项研究发现，经常吃学校午餐的美国学生比那些从家里带午餐的学生患肥胖症的可能性高出29%)”可推知，作者认为美国学校午餐不健康。故选B。 46．D 47．B 48．B 49．B 50．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章以16岁的奥斯卡·康斯坦扎和33岁的凯文·皮特的例子，讲述了Wandercraft的外骨骼能帮助残疾人更好地生活。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fixed to his shoulders, chest, waist, knees and feet, the exoskeleton (外骨骼) allows Oscar — who has a genetic neurological condition that means he was unable to move — to walk across the room and turn around. (外骨骼固定在他的肩膀、胸部、腰部、膝盖和脚上，使奥斯卡能够穿过房间并转身，奥斯卡患有遗传性神经疾病，这意味着他无法移动)”可知，奥斯卡面临的困难在于他失去了走路的能力。故选D项。 47．细节理解题。根据第一段中讲“奥斯卡失去了走路的能力”，第三段中“Dad, you’re a robotic engineer. Why don’t you make a robot that would allow us to walk? (爸爸，你是个机器人工程师。你为什么不造一个能让我们走路的机器人呢？)”和第三段中奥斯卡爸爸的回答“ten years from now, there will be no, or far fewer, wheelchairs (十年后，轮椅将不再存在，甚至会少得多)”可知，奥斯卡要求他父亲造一个能让无法行走的人（如奥斯卡自己）走路的机器人，即奥斯卡要求他父亲帮他离开轮椅。故选B项。 48．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Other companies across the world are also making exoskeletons, competing to make them as light and usable as possible. (世界各地的其他公司也在生产外骨骼，竞相使them尽可能轻且可用)”可知，them指代上文出现的事物，世界上的公司生产外骨骼，应该是使外骨骼尽可能轻且可用，them指代“外骨骼（Exoskeletons）”。故选B项。 49．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some are focused on helping disabled people walk, others on applications, including making standing less tiring for factory workers.(一些（生产外骨骼的）公司专注于帮助残疾人走路，另一些公司则专注于应用，包括让工厂工人站着不那么累)”可知，外骨骼的用途广泛。由此推知，外骨骼将有一个大市场。故选B项。 50．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Just outside Paris, 33-year-old Kevin Piette, who lost the ability to walk in a bike accident 10 years ago, tries one on, walking around his apartment, remote controller (遥控器) in hand. (就在巴黎郊外，33岁的凯文·皮特在10年前的一次自行车事故中失去了走路的能力，他试着戴上外骨骼，手里拿着遥控器在公寓里走来走去)”和“before making his dinner and walking with it from the kitchen to the living room (然后做晚饭，带着它从厨房走到客厅)”可知，因为外骨骼，失去行走能力的凯文·皮特依然可以像健全时一样走路、做饭等。由此推知，外骨骼能满足凯文·皮特的日常需要。故选C项。 51．C 52．B 53．C 54．A 55．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍美国野火的危险区域正在增加，并指出造成这种局面人类有不可推卸的责任。 51．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Last year, wildfire spread through Boulder, Colorado.(去年，野火蔓延到科罗拉多州的博尔德市。)”和“More than 1,000 homes and buildings burned.(超过1000座房屋和建筑被烧毁。)”可知，去年博尔德市遭遇了大范围的野火。故选C项。 52．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Large parts of the country that don’t have wildfires are now at risk. They include nearly 80 million homes and buildings. That’s what new data shows. Over the next 30 years, the risk will only grow.(该国大部分没有野火的地区现在处于危险之中。其中包括近8000万户家庭和建筑。这就是新数据所显示的。在接下来的30年里，这种风险只会增加。)”可知，新的数据表明野火的危险区域正在增加。故选B项。 53．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“California will likely suffer a lot from wildfire. That’s partly because it is so big and partly because of its weather. So California will be on the top of the at-risk list.(加州可能会受到野火的严重影响。部分原因是它太大了，部分原因是它的天气。因此，加州将在风险名单上名列前茅。)”可知，到2052年，加州将是最危险的。故选C项。 54．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“People are doing many things to make fire risk worse. They are moving to places where wildfire is a natural yearly event. They are building homes right next to plants and trees that can burn. Climate change has increased heat and dryness. That means any spark (火花) at any time can cause a big fire.(人们做的很多事情都加剧了火灾风险。他们正搬到每年都会发生野火的地方。他们把房子建在可能燃烧的植物和树木旁边。气候变化加剧了炎热和干燥。这意味着任何时候的任何火花都可能引起一场大火。)”可知，本段的主要内容是介绍了野火风险加剧的原因。故选A项。 55．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“By 2052, about 44% of all Native Americans will live in places at major risk from wildfire. Nearly 1 in 4 Hispanics will.(到2052年，大约44%的美国原住民将生活在野火风险很大的地方。将近四分之一的西班牙裔人也将会如此。)”可知，到2052年，将有25%的西班牙裔人生活在危险地区。故选C项。 56．Seeing big buildings being constructed. 57．Using different tools to draw plans for building things. 58．To show her working experience and the skills she gained. 59．By looking at the world around you and remembering what you see. 60．The author's determination and perseverance despite being laughed at and her success in a male-dominated field is inspiring. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在休斯敦成长过程中，看到大楼一个接一个地建造，激发了她成为建筑师的愿望。尽管在绘图课上被其他人嘲笑，但作者坚定地追求自己的梦想。在16岁时，她找到了第一份暑期工作，在一个重大工程项目中与60名男性一起工作。在那里，她学到了关于设计巨大结构和团队合作的知识。工程师们对她的工作非常满意，邀请她继续工作。在接下来的五个夏天里，她在那里工作，并在德克萨斯大学学习建筑。毕业后，她实现了自己的梦想。 56．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“To me, the most exciting changes were that one big building after another went up.(对我来说，最令人兴奋的变化是一座又一座高楼拔地而起。)”以及第二段首句“I think that’s what made me want to be an architect, and I wanted to take part in building one. (我想这就是我想成为一名建筑师的原因，我想参与建造一座这样的建筑。)”可知，是作者看到了一座又一座高楼拔地而起，由此作者想成为一名建筑师参与其中。故看到一座又一座正在建造的高楼大厦让作者成为一个建筑师。 故答案为Seeing big buildings being constructed. 57．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“In high school, I took a class called drafting(绘图). There I learned how to use many different tools to draw plans for building things. (高中时，我选修了一门绘图课。在那里，我学会了如何使用许多不同的工具来绘制建筑的平面图。)”可知，作者在绘图课中学到了如何使用许多不同的工具来绘制建筑的平面图。故答案为Using different tools to draw plans for building things. 58．考查推理判断。根据第三段中“That summer I learned a lot about how a huge structure is designed and what it’s like to work in a team. One of my bosses from that summer said he knew that was the secret of my success.(那个夏天，我学到了很多关于一个巨大的结构是如何设计的，以及在一个团队中工作是什么感觉。那年夏天我的一个老板说他知道这是我成功的秘诀。)”可知，作者在第三段中详细描述了跨阿拉斯加管道是因为通过这个管道，描述了作者在那一年的工作经验，以及自己学到的技巧。故答案为To show her working experience and the skills she gained. 59．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“ I discovered that the best way to learn about architecture is to look at the world around me. To remember what I saw, I always carried a notebook with me so I could make quick drawings.(我发现学习建筑的最好方法是观察我周围的世界。为了记住我所看到的，我总是随身带着一个笔记本，这样我就可以快速地画画。)”可知，作者认为学习建筑最好的方法就是观察周围的世界，并立刻记录自己所看到的事物。故答案为By looking at the world around you and remembering what you see. 60．开放性题目。根据第二段中“ I was the only girl in the class, and others laughed at me.(我是班里唯一的女孩，其他人都嘲笑我。)”；同时根据后文“When I was 16, I found my first summer job with an engineering company. I worked in the drafting room with 60 men on one of the biggest engineering projects of our century—the Trans-Alaska Pipeline(管道). (16岁时，我在一家工程公司找到了第一份暑期工作。我和60个人在起草室里为本世纪最大的工程项目之一——跨阿拉斯加管道项目工作。)”以及“During those years, I studied architecture at the University of Texas. (在那些年里，我在德克萨斯大学学习建筑。)”可知，可知，作者在学习建筑的时候，她作为班级里唯一的女孩，总是被他人嘲笑。虽然被嘲笑，但作者坚定地追求自己的梦想。在16岁时，她找到了第一份暑期工作，在一个重大工程项目中与60名男性一起工作，同时作者在德克萨斯大学学习建筑。毕业后，她实现了自己的梦想。因此，尽管被嘲笑，但作者的决心和毅力以及她在男性主导的领域取得的成功令人鼓舞。故答案为The author's determination and perseverance despite being laughed at and her success in a male-dominated field is inspiring. 61．Dear teachers and classmates, I am very happy to make a speech here. Of all the people, I admire Professor Yuan Longping most, who is the greatest scientist. Yuan Longping, known as the father of hybrid rice, devoted all his life to the scientific research of hybrid rice, and his efforts paid off. Successfully applying his hybrid rice theory to practice, he accelerated the production of rice in China and helped to feed countless people. As for my evaluation of Professor Yuan, I think he is one of the greatest scientists at home and abroad. He is a responsible and moral person who deserves everyone's respect. He is an example for me and his spirit will inspire me to keep moving forward. That’s all. Thank you! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇演讲稿，参加主题为My Most Admirable Person的演讲比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：happy→pleased 做演讲：make a speech→ give a speech 加速：accelerate→speed up 帮助：help→ assist 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am very happy to make a speech here. 拓展句：I am very happy that I can make a speech here. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Of all the people, I admire Professor Yuan Longping most, who is the greatest scientist. （运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 Successfully applying his hybrid rice theory to practice, he accelerated the production of rice in China and helped to feed countless people. （运用了现在分词作状语） 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$