Unit 1 Science and scientists 单元过关卷-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

新人教版（2019）选必修二unit1 Science and scientist 单元过关卷 一、阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860—1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907—1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor (1930—present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (1913—2005) On December 1, 1995, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks. 1. What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A. Her social work. B. Her teaching skills. C. Her efforts to win a prize. D. Her community background. 2. What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm? A. Her lack of proper training in law. B. Her little work experience in court. C. The discrimination against women. D. The poor financial conditions. 3. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.? A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Parks. 4. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative. C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers. B For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day ,and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But he’s, nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a. pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thomas Whaley ,is next to him, whispering support.“…Vote for …me …”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion ,Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year，when called upon to read，Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student，” Whaley explains，“especially for a student who is learning English as their new language，to feel confident enough to say，‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves. “Boasting about yourself，and your best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 5. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes. 6. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students’ public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students’ love for politics 7. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding. C Grandparents Answer a Call As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents. com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family. “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.” Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder. 8. Why was Garza’s move a success? A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her to make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places. 9. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision? A. 17% expressed their support for it. B. Few people responded sympathetically. C. 83% believed it had a bad influence. D. The majority thought it was a trend. 10. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. 11. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own. B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them. C. Sacrifice for their struggling children. D. Get to know themselves better. D During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself. Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.” In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us." Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others. In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said. 12. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school? A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool. 13. What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A. The classification of the popular. B. The characteristics of adolescents. C. The importance of interpersonal skills. D. The causes of dishonorable behavior 14. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids? A. They appeared to be aggressive. B. They tended to be more adaptable. C. They enjoyed the highest status. D. They performed well academically. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish Last B. The Higher the Status, the Beer C. Be the Best-You Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 第二节：七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 16 ,there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now. 17 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the of you can talk at a different time. When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 18 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions. When you need to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 19 .it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 20 .If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed. A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work zxx.k C. Set boundaries for yourself　as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not 二、语言知识及应用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节：完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My teacher Mr. Bush is the most positive person I’ve ever met. He has the ability to ___21___positiveness to young students. He always smiles and never gets ___22___ at students. Once I met some ___23___ because I felt overshadowed by my brother, who seemed to be doing great in every way. Hopelessness ___24___ me whenever I was in a classroom. But that all ___25___ when I met my teacher for life, Mr. Bush. Having found out about my problems, he just kept ___26___ me. Because of Mr. Bush, my world was filled with ___27___ and power. A few weeks ago, everyone in my class was feeling a bit ___28___ because of a bad day at school. But things got ___29___ after a close of Mr. Bush’s class. He drew a picture on the whiteboard that ___30___ a half-full glass of water. He then said, “Class, the point of view in which you look at things will ___31___ your feelings. Like this glass of water; some people see it and think ‘What! Only half a glass of water. How ___32___ I am.’ Whereas other people think ‘Wow, I’m so thirsty. Great! Half a glass of water for me!’ It all is in the ___33___ you think.” Mr. Bush’s ___34___ way of thinking always makes me feel glad and ___35___. I will always remember him. 21. A. pass on B. apply for C. consist of D. give up 22. A. strict B. patient C. mad D. curious 23. A. friends B. needs C. realities D. difficulties 24. A. drowned B. resisted C. cured D. relaxed 25. A. happened B. changed C. solved D. included 26. A. forgiving B. calming C. encouraging D. calling 27. A. sunshine B. fear C. surprise D. disappointment 28. A. cheerful B. down C. eager D. afraid 29. A. warmer B. higher C. better D. happier 30. A. served B. filled C. bought D. showed 31. A. hurt B. care about C. give away D. affect 32. A. pleased B. unfortunate C. bright D. perfect 33. A. way B. direction C. end D. past 34. A. different B. optimistic C. special D. important 35. A. proud B. careful C. lonely D. hopeful 第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___36___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___37___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___38___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___39___(declare) she had no plans ___40___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___41___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___42___ because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___43___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___44___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___45___ (wonder).” 答案： 阅读理解 1-4. ACDC 5-7. AAC 8-11. ADCA 12-15. CABA 16-20. BAEDG 完形填空21-25. ACDAB 26-30. CABCD 31-35. DBABD 语法填空 being 37. which 38. finally 39. declared 40. retire 41. have made 42. but 43. saying 44. a 45. wonderful 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$