Unit 1 People of Achievement Using Language(分层作业）英语人教版2019选择性必修第一册

Unit 1 People of achievement Using Language分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．As a (journal), Tom always has a good nose for a good story, so he does well in his job. 2．Time and time again she was warned of the (consequent) of her action. 3．While (wait) at the bus stop, she met the famous professor. 4．Despite the hardship he (encounter), Mark never abandoned the pursuit of knowledge. 5．The teacher urged students to insist on (read) English aloud every morning. 6．The government declared financial assistance would (obtain) by those in the employment training courses. 7．With the restoration of vegetation, the desert (gradual) returned to life. 8．The village is (remark) for its beautiful scenery. 9．The (politics) is going to meet with people to talk about matters of common concern. 10．He wrote a lot of novels, and many of were translated into foreign languages. 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11．The new lab is in need of some new (装置), but we are short of money. 12．He is kind, (温柔的) and helpful. In one word, he is a nice guy. 13．Obama is a remarkably adroit and determined (政治家). 14．After two years, the second group saw (显著的) improvements in heart health. 15．Live with a smile, and you will have an (意想不到的) harvest. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．A famous p will come to our school to give a speech on the experiments. 17．According to the t , no one will draw a final conclusion from these facts. 18．The patient is g recovering from the operation these days. 19．While walking in the park, I e an old friend by chance. 20．While working there, out of a strong p for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics. 四、选词填空 take up; mistake...for; out of a passion for; come to power; pass away 21．When Jin Yong , there were many fans on social media expressing their sadness over his death. 22．After Mandela , his government tried its best to improve blacks’ education. 23．However, social changes brought about by new technology often changes in attitudes. 24．Most tour guides do the job traveling rather than money. 25．He left a new position in another company. 五、完成句子 26．Every time I think of cold, wet evening, a warm current still flows through my body. ! 每当我想起寒冷潮湿的夜晚，一股暖流仍然流过我的身体。多么愉快的偶遇啊！ 27． , giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling. 在过去的几十年里，中国的交通系统取得了显著进步，为中国人民提供了不同的出行方式。 28．句型：“it is/was reported that ...” 意为“据报道……” 教材：On 18 April 1955, (据报道，爱因斯坦去世了), and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．由于受伤，他不得不放弃这场比赛，这很令人沮丧。(一句多译,consequence) ① , he had to give up this competition, which was depressing. ②He was injured, and , he had to give up this competition, which was depressing. 30．这个男孩嘀咕着什么，好像没有听说过这件事一样。(虚拟语气) The boy muttered something, as though of this thing. (读后续写—动作描写) 六、七选五 Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879. 31 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper. However, Einstein did badly at school. 32 He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally. Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers! 33 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing. This was explained by his famous equation E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich. He continued improving his work, and in 1915 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论) . In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive! 34 His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television. 35 And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb. Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace. He died in 1955. A．Albert spent lots of time in America. B．Einstein loved to use his imagination. C．His work turned modern physics on its head. D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized. E．As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems. F．And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything! 能力提升 一、完形填空 Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is 1 and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very 2 . Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances 3 rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 4 , radioactivity. However, the 5 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science 7 . It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar 8 that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective 9 during X-rays. It is almost 10 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n) 11 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear 12 them against radiation. However, only 13 will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are 14 and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only 15 new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 1．A．extraordinary B．radioactive C．protective D．creative 2．A．tragic B．inspirational C．romantic D．meaningful 3．A．blocked B．absorbed C．reflected D．emitted 4．A．privilege B．name C．notice D．identity 5．A．scientific B．novel C．sensitive D．harmful 6．A．contemporary B．conservative C．curious D．cautious 7．A．deliver B．relieve C．undertake D．generate 8．A．rewards B．warnings C．diseases D．titles 9．A．glasses B．gloves C．shoes D．covers 10．A．odd B．inevitable C．critical D．intimidating 11．A．focus B．evolution C．demand D．breakthrough 12．A．protect B．fight C．warn D．forbid 13．A．space B．time C．technology D．history 14．A．unmatched B．uplifting C．glorious D．concrete 15．A．extend B．proceed C．mount D．explore 二、语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, 16 is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the 17 (smart) men who ever lived. He made numerous 18 (contribution) to the world. He was born in Germany on 14 March 1879, entered university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. While 19 (work) in the Swiss patent office, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, 20 (earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905. 21 (gradual), he became famous throughout the world. In 1922, he 22 (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as 23 slightly odd­looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities, he 24 (love) by his friends and neighbours. 25 18 April 1955, he passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 拓展延伸 一、书信写作 1．袁隆平，一位伟大的中国科学家。他逝世后，受到无数人的敬仰。以“I want to be a scientist”为题写一篇英语短文，要点如下： １.愿望；2. 理由；3. 决心。 注意：1、词数 80 左右；2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、读后续写 1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One year ago, when we were in the fifth grade, a new classmate named Jack joined us. He was often late for class and had a strange smell on him, which made the girls not want to be “neighbours” with him, let alone sit next to him. It is said that once, a naughty boy curiously opened his backpack and many crushed soda cans and empty drink bottles that we usually throw into the trash fell out. Therefore, the boys in our class mocked (嘲笑) him as the “trash king”. Later, during a class meeting, our teacher, Ms. Zhang, told us about his story of using garbage to make inventions. It turns out that Jack is not an ordinary elementary school student, but a “garbage-inspired inventor” who has won the city invention award. According to Ms. Zhang, most of his inventions were picked up from garbage dumps (堆). During that class meeting, Jack showed us his invention of a“domestic wastewater separation system”. Afterwards, some of us became deeply interested in these small inventions and started to admire Jack’s way of “picking up trash”. We even joined him in picking up trash on weekends and during holidays. From then on, we no longer called him the “trash king“. Instead, we formed a group of five boys and actively searched for usable materials in various garbage dumps around the city. Under Jack’s guidance, we learned that there are many uses for seemingly useless trash. Once, we stayed at school to process the collected materials. Jack mentioned that he was facing a problem with his latest invention—a small cart for buying vegetables that needed to be lightweight. All other materials were solved except for the wheels. How could we find a suitable material for the wheels? We racked our brains (绞尽脑汁) and came up with different ideas, such as using soda cans or taking off the wheels from suitcases. However, Jack reminded us that our group should focus on making inventions from waste rather than causing damage to create them. We were all deep in thought. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第4页，共9页 试卷第5页，共9页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 People of achievement Using Language分层作业 基础巩固 一、单句语法填空 1．As a (journal), Tom always has a good nose for a good story, so he does well in his job. 2．Time and time again she was warned of the (consequent) of her action. 3．While (wait) at the bus stop, she met the famous professor. 4．Despite the hardship he (encounter), Mark never abandoned the pursuit of knowledge. 5．The teacher urged students to insist on (read) English aloud every morning. 6．The government declared financial assistance would (obtain) by those in the employment training courses. 7．With the restoration of vegetation, the desert (gradual) returned to life. 8．The village is (remark) for its beautiful scenery. 9．The (politics) is going to meet with people to talk about matters of common concern. 10．He wrote a lot of novels, and many of were translated into foreign languages. 1．journalist 【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名记者，汤姆总是对好故事有敏锐的嗅觉，所以他的工作做得很好。结合不定冠词a，用可数名词journalist“新闻记者；新闻工作者”的单数形式，作as宾语。故填journalist。 2．consequence 【详解】考查名词。句意：她一次又一次地被警告她行为的后果。此处应用consequent的名词形式consequence“后果”，作介词of的宾语。故填consequence。 3．waiting 【详解】考查状语从句的省略、时态。句意：在公交车站等车的时候，她遇到了那位著名的教授。wait“等”。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句While引导的时间状语从句完整句子为While she was ___ (wait) at the bus stop，故用waiting与空前的was构成过去进行时。故填waiting。 4．encountered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：尽管遇到了困难，马克从未放弃对知识的追求。马克遇到困难的动作发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时，谓语用encounter“遇到”的过去式encountered。故填encountered。 5．reading　 【详解】考查动名词。句意：老师敦促学生们每天早晨坚持朗读英语。insist on doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”。故填reading。 6．be obtained 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：政府宣布，参加就业培训课程的学生将获得财政援助。空处作从句的谓语，obtain“获得”和主语financial assistance之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且空前是would，时态为过去将来时，be动词应用原形。故填be obtained。 7．gradually 【详解】考查副词。句意：随着植被的恢复，沙漠逐渐恢复了生机。空处修饰空后的动词，应该用副词修饰。故填gradually。 8．remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个村庄以其美丽的风景而闻名。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，remark的形容词形式是remarkable。故填remarkable。 9．politician 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位政治家将与人们见面，讨论大家共同关心的问题。设空处在句中作主语，名词politician“政治家”符合句意；politician“政治家”为可数名词，由空后is可知设空处应填名词单数形式。故填politician。 10．them 【详解】考查代词。句意：他写了许多小说，其中许多被翻译成外文。分析句子成分可知，整个句子为并列连词“and”引导的并列句，且根据句意，空处应为代词指代分句1的“novels”，且位于介词后，应为宾格形式。故填them。 二、根据汉语提示单词拼写 11．The new lab is in need of some new (装置), but we are short of money. 12．He is kind, (温柔的) and helpful. In one word, he is a nice guy. 13．Obama is a remarkably adroit and determined (政治家). 14．After two years, the second group saw (显著的) improvements in heart health. 15．Live with a smile, and you will have an (意想不到的) harvest. 三、根据首字母提示单词拼写 16．A famous p will come to our school to give a speech on the experiments. 17．According to the t , no one will draw a final conclusion from these facts. 18．The patient is g recovering from the operation these days. 19．While walking in the park, I e an old friend by chance. 20．While working there, out of a strong p for knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics. 11．devices 【详解】考查名词。句意：新实验室需要一些新设备，但我们缺钱。根据汉语提示“装置”可知，此处需要名词devices充当介词of的宾语，前面有some限定应使用复数形式。故填devices。 12．gentle 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他善良、温柔、乐于助人。总之，他是个好人。空处应为形容词作表语，根据提示的汉语“温柔的”可知，此处应为gentle。故填gentle。 13．politician 【详解】考查名词。句意：奥巴马是一位非常灵巧且坚定的政治家。本空接在be动词后，用名词politician“政治家”，作表语，且此处指奥巴马是一位政治家，用单数形式。故填politician。 14．remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：两年后，第二组的心脏健康出现了显著的改善。根据“improvements”和汉语提示“显著的”可知，空处应用形容词remarkable，作修饰improvements的定语，表示“显著改善”。故填remarkable。 15．extraordinary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：带着微笑生活，你会有非凡的收获。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“意想不到的”应用extraordinary。为形容词，在本句中作定语，修饰后面名词。故填extraordinary。 16．professor/rofessor 【详解】考查名词。句意：一位著名的教授将来我们学校做关于实验的演讲。此处应填名词professor“教授”，根据空前的A可知，用单数形式，作主语。故填professor。 17．theory/ heory 【详解】考查名词。句意：根据理论，没有人会从这些事实中得出最终结论。根据单词首字母以及句意“理论”可知，此处需要名词theory充当介词to的宾语，根据句意应使用单数形式。故填theory。 18．gradually/ radually 【详解】考查副词。句意：这几天病人正在逐渐从手术中恢复过来。根据单词首字母以及句意“逐渐地”以及句子结构可知，此处缺少副词gradually充当状语修饰动词recover。故填gradually。 19．encountered/ ncountered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在公园散步时，我偶然遇到了一位老朋友。根据单词首字母以及句意“遇到”以及句子结构可知，此处缺少动词encounter充当句子的谓语，陈述过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时。故填encountered。 20．passion/assion 【详解】考查名词。句意：在那里工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，获得了物理学博士学位。此处应用不可数名词passion“热情，激情”，作 out of的宾语。故填passion。 四、选词填空 take up; mistake...for; out of a passion for; come to power; pass away 21．When Jin Yong , there were many fans on social media expressing their sadness over his death. 22．After Mandela , his government tried its best to improve blacks’ education. 23．However, social changes brought about by new technology often changes in attitudes. 24．Most tour guides do the job traveling rather than money. 25．He left a new position in another company. 21．passed away 22．came to power 23． are mistaken for 24．out of a passion for 25．to take up 【解析】21．考查固定短语和时态。句意：金庸去世时，社交媒体上有很多粉丝表达了对他的哀悼。由“his death”可知，句子表示“金庸去世时，社交媒体上有很多粉丝表达了对他的哀悼”，空格处意为“去世”，是固定短语pass away，由were可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填passed away。 22．考查固定短语和时态。句意：曼德拉上台后，他的政府尽最大努力改善黑人的教育。由“his government”可知，句子表示“曼德拉上台后，他的政府尽最大努力改善黑人的教育”，空格处意为“上台执政”，是固定短语come to power，由tried可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处动词用过去式，故填came to power。 23．考查固定短语，时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，新技术带来的社会变化常常被误认为是态度的变化。由“social changes brought about by new technology”和“changes in attitudes”可知，句子表示“新技术带来的社会变化常常被误认为是态度的变化”，空格处意为“被误认为”，“误认为……是……”是固定短语mistake...for，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，新技术带来的社会变化被误认为是态度的变化，因此句子用一般现在时的被动语态，主语social changes是复数，因此be动词用are，因此两空分别是are和mistaken for。故填are，mistaken for。 24．考查固定短语。句意：大多数导游从事这份工作是出于对旅游的热情，而不是出于金钱。由“traveling”可知，句子表示“大多数导游从事这份工作是出于对旅游的热情”，空格处意为“出于对……的热情”，是固定短语out of a passion for，故填out of a passion for。 25．考查固定短语和不定式。句意：他离职去另一家公司担任一个新职位。由“a new position”可知，句子表示“他离职去另一家公司担任一个新职位”，空格处意为“担任”，是固定短语take up，空格处用不定式表目的，因此空格处是to take up。故填to take up。 五、完成句子 26．Every time I think of cold, wet evening, a warm current still flows through my body. ! 每当我想起寒冷潮湿的夜晚，一股暖流仍然流过我的身体。多么愉快的偶遇啊！ 27． , giving the Chinese people access to different ways of travelling. 在过去的几十年里，中国的交通系统取得了显著进步，为中国人民提供了不同的出行方式。 28．句型：“it is/was reported that ...” 意为“据报道……” 教材：On 18 April 1955, (据报道，爱因斯坦去世了), and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．由于受伤，他不得不放弃这场比赛，这很令人沮丧。(一句多译,consequence) ① , he had to give up this competition, which was depressing. ②He was injured, and , he had to give up this competition, which was depressing. 30．这个男孩嘀咕着什么，好像没有听说过这件事一样。(虚拟语气) The boy muttered something, as though of this thing. (读后续写—动作描写) 26．What a pleasant encounter 【详解】考查感叹句。表示“愉快的偶遇”用a pleasant encounter，此处构成感叹句结构，对“一次愉快的偶遇”进行感叹，用引导词what。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填What a pleasant encounter！ 27．It is the past few decades that have seen remarkable progress in the country’s transport system 【详解】考查强调句和动词时态。中英文对比，可知空格处填入“在过去的几十年里，中国的交通系统取得了显著进步”，可以转述为“过去的几十年见证了在中国的交通系统中的显著进步”。表示“过去的几十年”用the past few decades；此处对该名词短语进行强调，故使用强调句结构，即it is+强调的部分+that...；句子表述的动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故使用现在完成时。表示“已经见证了”用have seen；表示“显著的进步”用remarkable progress；表示“在中国的交通系统中”用in the country’s transport system。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为It is the past few decades that have seen remarkable progress in the country’s transport system。 28．it was reported that Einstein had passed away 【详解】考查固定句型和固定搭配。句意：1955年4月18日，据报道，爱因斯坦去世了并且全世界都为失去一位杰出的科学家而哀悼。根据汉语提示，“据报道……”可用it is/was reported that...表示，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，根据On 18 April 1955可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；“爱因斯坦”可表示为Einstein；“去世”可表示为pass away，away为副词，修饰pass，pass away表示的动作发生在was reported之前，应用过去完成时。故填it was reported that Einstein had passed away。 29． As a consequence of his injury as a consequence 【详解】考查固定短语。“由于”使用固定短语as a consequence of，“受伤”使用名词injury作宾语，故可翻译为as a consequence of his injury；“由于受伤”是描述原因，“放弃比赛”表示结果，前后表示因果关系，故使用as a consequence“因此”，故填①As②a③consequence④of⑤his⑥injury⑦as⑧a⑨consequence。 30． he hadn’t heard 【详解】考查虚拟语气。“他”he，“听说”hear，结合语意以及句中muttered可知，实际上男孩听说过这件事，as though从句描述的情况与过去的事实相反，应用虚拟语气，从句谓语使用had done结构，表示否定意义借助否定词not，had not可缩写为hadn’t。故填①he，②hadn’t，③heard。 六、七选五 Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879. 31 Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper. However, Einstein did badly at school. 32 He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally. Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing (发表) four scientific papers! 33 One of the things he researched was that energy and mass (质量) are different forms of the same thing. This was explained by his famous equation E=mc². In 1909 Albert was finally made a professor at the University of Zurich. He continued improving his work, and in 1915 he published his theory of general relativity (广义相对论) . In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive! 34 His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television. 35 And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. He became an American in 1940. Sadly, Einstein’s work with atoms (原子) led to the invention of the atomic bomb. Albert spent the rest of his life taking part in activities for world peace. He died in 1955. A．Albert spent lots of time in America. B．Einstein loved to use his imagination. C．His work turned modern physics on its head. D．Even as an adult, Einstein was disorganized. E．As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems. F．And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. G．One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything! 31．E 32．G 33．C 34．F 35．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了Albert Einstein的生平。 31．上文“Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on 14 March, 1879.( Albert Einstein于1879年3月14日出生于德国乌尔姆) ”介绍Einstein出生日期和出生地；下文“Einstein was so smart that at age 16 he wrote his first paper.( Einstein非常聪明，16岁时就写了他的第一篇论文) ”介绍了Einstein16岁时的成就；结合全文内容可知文章按照时间顺序展开，由此可知，E选项“As a child, he enjoyed solving math problems(小时候，他喜欢解决数学问题)”介绍Einstein孩童时期的情况，符合语境。故选E。 32．由上文“However, Einstein did badly at school. (然而，爱因斯坦在学校表现很差)”可知Einstein在学校的成绩不好；下文“He ended up at college in Switzerland. His grades meant it was difficult to get a job after college, but a friend found him work finally.(他最后在瑞士上了大学。他的成绩意味着毕业后很难找到工作，但一个朋友最终为他找到了工作)”说明虽然他最终上了大学，但成绩不好；G选项“One teacher even said he’d never achieve anything!(一位老师甚至说他永远不会取得任何成就！)”承接上文进一步说明Einstein在学校成绩不好，与上下文表达的意思一致；句中的“One teacher”与上文的“at school”相呼应。故选G。 33．上文“Albert had a great year in 1905, publishing(发表) four scientific papers! (Albert在1905年度过了伟大的一年，发表了四篇科学论文！)”介绍了Einstein在1905年所取得的研究成就；由此推知，空处陈述他的研究的意义。C选项“His work turned modern physics on its head.(他的研究成果彻底改变了现代物理学)”符合题意。故选C。 34．上文“In 1919, one of Albert’s theories was proved, making him the most famous scientist alive!(1919年，Albert的一个理论被证明，使他成为当时世界上最著名的科学家！)”提到 Einstein的某个理论于1919年被证实，他成为了当时世界上最著名的科学家，下文“His work changed the way we think about time and space, and also helped with developments like the television.(他的理论改变了我们对时间和空间的看法，也促进了电视等的发展)”阐述了Einstein研究成果的重大意义；F选项“And he won the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics.(他还获得了1921年的诺贝尔物理学奖)”符合文章的时间顺序，承接上文说明“one of Albert’s theories was proved”后Einstein所取得的奖项，符合语境。故选F。 35．下文“And in 1933, Albert decided to stay in the USA forever. (1933年，Albert决定永远留在美国)”说明Albert Einstein于1933年决定定居美国。A选项“Albert spent lots of time in America.(Albert许多时间是在美国度过的)”符合语境，选项中的“spent lots of time in America”与下文“decided to stay in the USA forever”相呼应。故选A。 能力提升 一、完形填空 Praise for Pioneers in Science In memory of Marie Curie on her birthday on Saturday, the official website of the Nobel Prize posted a photograph of her notebook saying. “Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work. Even today her laboratory notebook from 1899-1902, is 1 and will be for 1.500 years.” The tales of Marie and other scientists of her time are in some sense very 2 . Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-ray in 1895. A year later, Antoine Henri Becquerel found that some natural substances 3 rays, too. Later, Marie and her physicist husband, Pierre Curie, gave it a(n) 4 , radioactivity. However, the 5 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later. Marie and her 6 scientists dealt with radioactive substances for decades using little or no protection. Marie’s death is a reminder about the risks pioneers in science 7 . It was only after people handling radioactive substances began to get similar 8 that medical experts asked people to use protection. Today, medical health workers and patients wear heavy protective 9 during X-rays. It is almost 10 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers. There is a(n) 11 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known. For example, the space suits astronauts wear 12 them against radiation. However, only 13 will tell if there are some other unknown dangers. The contributions and sacrifices by such pioneers to the field of science are 14 and deserving of our respect. Because the pioneers not only 15 new frontiers, but also help us better protect ourselves from unknown surroundings. 1．A．extraordinary B．radioactive C．protective D．creative 2．A．tragic B．inspirational C．romantic D．meaningful 3．A．blocked B．absorbed C．reflected D．emitted 4．A．privilege B．name C．notice D．identity 5．A．scientific B．novel C．sensitive D．harmful 6．A．contemporary B．conservative C．curious D．cautious 7．A．deliver B．relieve C．undertake D．generate 8．A．rewards B．warnings C．diseases D．titles 9．A．glasses B．gloves C．shoes D．covers 10．A．odd B．inevitable C．critical D．intimidating 11．A．focus B．evolution C．demand D．breakthrough 12．A．protect B．fight C．warn D．forbid 13．A．space B．time C．technology D．history 14．A．unmatched B．uplifting C．glorious D．concrete 15．A．extend B．proceed C．mount D．explore 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名科学家玛丽·居里夫人及其他科学先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，她1899年至1902年的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性，将持续1500年。A. extraordinary非凡的；B. radioactive放射性的；C. protective保护性的；D. creative有创意的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，即使在今天，她的实验室笔记本仍具有放射性。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家的故事是非常悲惨的。A. tragic悲惨的；B. inspirational鼓舞人心的；C. romantic浪漫的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，玛丽和她同时代的其他科学家虽然为科学作出了巨大贡献，但是结局却很悲惨。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一年后，安托万·亨利·贝克勒尔发现，一些天然物质也会发出射线。A. blocked阻塞；B. absorbed吸收；C. reflected反映；D. emitted发出。根据空后“rays”可知，此处指发出射线。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，玛丽和她的物理学家丈夫皮埃尔·居里给它起了个名字——放射性。A. privilege特权；B. name名字；C. notice注意；D. identity身份。根据空后“radioactivity”可知，此处指起了一个名字。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，放射性的有害影响直到几十年后才被发现。A. scientific科学的；B. novel新奇的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. harmful有害的。根据上文“Marie Curie died of aplastic anaemia (再生障碍性贫血) on 4 July 1934, a result of years of exposure to radiation through her work.”可知，放射性会产生有害的影响。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年来，玛丽和她同时代的科学家在处理放射性物质时几乎没有防护措施。A. contemporary同时代的；B. conservative保守的；C. curious好奇的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据语境可知，此处指和玛丽同时代的科学家们。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：玛丽的死提醒人们科学先驱所承担的风险。A. deliver交付；B. relieve缓解；C. undertake承担；D. generate生成。根据上文“the risks pioneers in science”可知，此处指科学先驱所承担的风险。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有在接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似疾病后，医学专家才要求人们采取防护措施。A. rewards奖励；B. warnings警告；C. diseases疾病；D. titles标题。根据空前“get similar”及空后“that medical experts asked people to use protection.”可知，接触放射性物质的人开始患上类似居里夫人的疾病。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。A. glasses眼镜；B. gloves手套；C. shoes鞋子；D. covers防护罩。根据常识可知，医护人员和病人在做X光检查时都要戴上厚厚的防护罩。故选D。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几乎不可避免的是，那些探索科学新领域的人将自己暴露在未知的危险中。A. odd奇怪的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. critical关键的；D. intimidating令人生畏的。根据下文“There is a(n)　　11　　 for better protection for the pioneers, but that is not possible until the dangers are fully known.”及常识可知，探索新领域时，将自己暴露在未知的危险中是几乎不可避免的。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护，但在完全了解危险之前，这是不可能的。A. focus焦点；B. evolution进化；C. demand要求；D. breakthrough突破。根据空后“for better protection for the pioneers”可知，有人要求对先驱者进行更好的保护。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，宇航员穿的宇航服可以保护他们免受辐射。A. protect保护；B. fight战斗；C. warn警告；D. forbid禁止。根据空后“against radiation”可知，此处指保护宇航员免受辐射。故选A。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。A. space太空；B. time时间；C. technology技术；D. history历史。根据上文“However, the 　　5　　 effects of radioactivity were not discovered until decades later.”可知，只有时间才能证明是否还有其他未知的危险。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的，值得我们尊敬。A. unmatched无与伦比的；B. uplifting人振奋的；C. glorious光荣的；D. concrete具体的。根据上文“It is almost 　　10　　 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers.”可知，这些先驱者对科学领域的贡献和牺牲是无与伦比的。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为先驱者不仅探索了新的领域，而且还帮助我们更好地保护自己不受未知环境的影响。A. extend扩展；B. proceed进行；C. mount开展；D. explore探索。根据上文“It is almost 　　10　　 that those exploring new frontiers for science are exposing themselves to unknown dangers.”及空后“new frontiers”可知，此处指探索新的领域。故选D。 二、语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Albert Einstein, 16 is perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered one of the 17 (smart) men who ever lived. He made numerous 18 (contribution) to the world. He was born in Germany on 14 March 1879, entered university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. While 19 (work) in the Swiss patent office, out of a strong passion for knowledge, he continued to study, 20 (earn) a doctorate in physics in 1905. 21 (gradual), he became famous throughout the world. In 1922, he 22 (award) the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. To the public, he was seen as 23 slightly odd­looking but kind and funny man. He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities, he 24 (love) by his friends and neighbours. 25 18 April 1955, he passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist. 【答案】 16．who 17．smartest 18．contributions 19．working 20．earning 21．Gradually 22．was awarded 23．a 24．was loved 25．On 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是世界著名的科学家爱因斯坦的个人生平和成就。 16．考查定语从句。句意：Albert Einstein，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。本空引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Albert Einstein，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 17．考查形容词最高级。句意：Albert Einstein，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。此处为形容词作定语，修饰men，根据空前的定冠词the和句意可知，此处应为形容词的最高级smartest“最聪明的”。故填smartest。 18．考查名词的数。句意：他对世界做出了许多贡献。此处用名词contribution“贡献”，作made的宾语，空前有numerous修饰，所以用复数形式。故填contributions。 19．考查状语从句的省略、时态。句意：在瑞士专利局工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中While引导的时间状语从句完整句子为While he was ____ (work) in the Swiss patent office，本空用working，与空前的was构成过去进行时。故填working。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：在瑞士专利局工作期间，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，并于1905年获得物理学博士学位。本句谓语为examined，此处为非谓语动词，earn“赢得”与逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，此处用现在分词，作结果状语。故填earning。 21．考查副词。句意：渐渐地，他在全世界都出名了。此处用副词gradually“逐渐地”，作状语，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Gradually。 22．考查动词语态。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而被授予1921年诺贝尔物理学奖。此处为句子谓语，根据时间状语In 1922可知，本句描述过去的动作和状态，此处应使用一般过去时，且award“授予”与句子主语he之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was awarded。 23．考查冠词。句意：在公众眼中，他是一个长相有点古怪但善良有趣的人。此处泛指“一个长相有点古怪但善良有趣的人”，且slightly以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 24．考查动词语态。句意：尽管他有怪癖，但他的朋友和邻居都很喜欢他。此处为句子谓语，此处讲述的是爱因斯坦的生平，所以时态应为一般过去时，且love“喜欢，爱”与句子主语he之间为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，主语he为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was loved。 25．考查介词。句意：1955年4月18日，他去世了，全世界都在哀悼这位杰出科学家的巨大损失。具体某天前应使用介词on，位于句首，所以首字母需大写。故填On。 拓展延伸 一、书信写作 1．袁隆平，一位伟大的中国科学家。他逝世后，受到无数人的敬仰。以“I want to be a scientist”为题写一篇英语短文，要点如下： １.愿望；2. 理由；3. 决心。 注意：1、词数 80 左右；2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I want to be a scientist I want to be a scientist. A good scientist can make a difference to the world. To be a scientist, I can help people solve a large number of tough problems in certain fields and as for me, it is a great cause, bringing me a sense of accomplishment. Science could push forward the economic and social development of a country. Therefore it is great to be a scientist. I may have to face a lot of challenges to be a scientist. But I will develop good study habits, thinking deeply and comprehensively. I will work hard, reading more and doing more. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“I want to be a scientist”为题写一篇英语短文，要点包含自己想成为科学家的愿望、理由和决心。 【详解】1.词汇积累 有影响：make a difference→have an effect 许多： a large number of →a lot of 推动：push forward→promote 面对：face→confront 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：I want to be a scientist. A good scientist can make a difference to the world. 拓展句：I want to be a scientist, because a good scientist can make a difference to the world. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】To be a scientist, I can help people solve a large number of tough problems in certain fields and as for me, it is a great cause, bringing me a sense of accomplishment.(运用了不定式及现在分词作状语) 【高分句型 2】Therefore it is great to be a scientist. (运用了it作形式主语) 二、读后续写 1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One year ago, when we were in the fifth grade, a new classmate named Jack joined us. He was often late for class and had a strange smell on him, which made the girls not want to be “neighbours” with him, let alone sit next to him. It is said that once, a naughty boy curiously opened his backpack and many crushed soda cans and empty drink bottles that we usually throw into the trash fell out. Therefore, the boys in our class mocked (嘲笑) him as the “trash king”. Later, during a class meeting, our teacher, Ms. Zhang, told us about his story of using garbage to make inventions. It turns out that Jack is not an ordinary elementary school student, but a “garbage-inspired inventor” who has won the city invention award. According to Ms. Zhang, most of his inventions were picked up from garbage dumps (堆). During that class meeting, Jack showed us his invention of a“domestic wastewater separation system”. Afterwards, some of us became deeply interested in these small inventions and started to admire Jack’s way of “picking up trash”. We even joined him in picking up trash on weekends and during holidays. From then on, we no longer called him the “trash king“. Instead, we formed a group of five boys and actively searched for usable materials in various garbage dumps around the city. Under Jack’s guidance, we learned that there are many uses for seemingly useless trash. Once, we stayed at school to process the collected materials. Jack mentioned that he was facing a problem with his latest invention—a small cart for buying vegetables that needed to be lightweight. All other materials were solved except for the wheels. How could we find a suitable material for the wheels? We racked our brains (绞尽脑汁) and came up with different ideas, such as using soda cans or taking off the wheels from suitcases. However, Jack reminded us that our group should focus on making inventions from waste rather than causing damage to create them. We were all deep in thought. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    When I got home and drank a bottle of water, I suddenly had an idea. What if we could use bottle caps as wheels for Jack’s vegetable cart? It seemed like a simple solution, but it could work if we found enough bottle caps. Excited, I shared my idea with the group the next day. Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the potential of this suggestion. We immediately set out to collect as many bottle caps as we could find, scouring not only the garbage dumps but also asking friends and family to save them for us.      Jack indeed adopted my suggestion and fixed a row of bottle caps as wheels on his vegetable cart. It was a moment of triumph for all of us, seeing our collective efforts and creativity come to fruition. The cart rolled smoothly, and we celebrated our success with high-fives and laughter. This experience taught us the power of collaboration, innovation, and looking beyond the surface of things. Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity, our group continued to explore ways to repurpose waste, knowing that small actions could lead to big changes in our community and beyond. 【导语】本文以故事发展的顺序为线索展开，讲述了新同学杰克被同学嘲笑为“垃圾王”，但后来通过他的发明才华改变了同学们对他的看法，杰克提到他的最新发明遇到了一个问题，即如何让一辆用来买蔬菜的小推车的质量变轻，除了车轮外，其他材料都解决了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我回到家，喝了一瓶水，我突然有了一个主意。”可知，第一段可描写“我想到了用瓶盖做车轮子的想法，杰克认为这个建议很不错，大家着手收集尽可能多的瓶盖”的相关细节。 ②由第二段首句内容“杰克确实采纳了我的建议，把一排瓶盖固定为他的蔬菜车上的轮子。”可知，第二段可描写“我们的努力取得了成功，开始庆祝成功，这段经历教会了我们合作和创新，感悟到小小的行动可能会给我们的生活带来巨大的变化。”的相关细节。 2.续写线索：用瓶盖做轮子——分享想法——得到杰克的支持——收集瓶盖——取得成功——庆祝成功——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①发挥作用：work/function ②开始做：set out to do/set about doing ③鼓励：inspire/encourage 情绪类 ①激动的：excited/thrilled ②露出喜色：light up/brighten up 【点睛】[高分句型1] Jack’s eyes lit up with enthusiasm as he realized the potential of this suggestion.(使用了as引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Inspired by Jack’s ingenuity, our group continued to explore ways to repurpose waste, knowing that small actions could lead to big changes in our community and beyond. 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