2024年中考英语复习课件 宾语从句

句 子 结 构 分 类 简单句 Simple Sentences 含有一个主语(或并列主语)和 一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子 并列句Compound Sentences 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子, 且句子之间有并列连词and/but等或用分号连接 复合句 Complex Sentences 包含一个主句和一个从句或 一个主句和多个从句的句子, 且从句用从属连词引导 句子 简单句 复合句 并列句 状语从句 名词性从句 定语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 及物动词 1.主语+谓语+宾语 2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 动词 系动词 不及物动词 主语+系+表语 主语+谓语 教 教 Object clauses 宾语从句 Learning objectives: 1. 什么是宾语从句? 2. 宾语从句的连接词 3. 宾语从句的语序 4. 宾语从句的时态 I like my teacher. I enjoy playing basketball.I decide to study hard.We know him. We know that he likes English. 什么是宾语? 宾语是_。 动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者 宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语、从句来担任。 (名词作宾语) (动名词作宾语) (不定式作宾语) (代词作宾语) (句子作宾语) 什么是宾语从句? We know him. We know that he likes English. 宾O 主S 主S 谓V 谓V 宾O 宾语从句 宾语从句就是用一个句子来构成主句的宾语。 结构:主句 连接词 + 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句 找一找:哪些是宾语从句? He thinks he can go swimming tomorrow. I hope things will be better for you soon. She said that she would come to the meeting. We all know the sun rises in the east. She told me that she wold come. We have discussed about how we could do the job better. I am glad that you can come for dinner. 注意!!! that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。 介词后: 动词后: 如 know,think,believe,hope,mean等 系表结构(或主句形容词)之后:如certain,sure,glad. We have discussed about how we could do the job better. I am happy that you can help me. I’m sure that Mary will come here on time. I do not believe (that) he has never been to the USA. I hear (that) you have passed the exam. 位置 哪些句子可以做宾语? 1. that引导的宾语从句 陈述句(肯定或否定)作宾语从句,由连接词that引导。 He thinks that he can go swimming tomorrow. 2. if或whether引导的宾语从句 3. wh-疑问词引导的宾语从句 一般疑问句作宾语从句, 特殊疑问句作宾语从句, 由疑问代词who、whom、whose、what、which等或疑问副词when、where、how、why等引导。 由连接词whether或if引导。 if或whether引导的宾语从句 I want to know if/whether he is our new teacher. 我们可用if或whether引导宾语从句,此时从句部分的语义相当于一个一般疑问句。译成_, 且宾语从句要用_语序(连接词+主语+谓语+其他)。 1)常放在wonder,don't konw,doubt,ask等动词的后面; 2)常放在be not sure/certain等形容词的后面 I don’t care whether you like the story or not. I wonder whether/if you’d like to read the novel. “是否” 陈述句 具有一定的意义,句中不做成分,但也不能省略, 宾语从句的中的人称代词要符合逻辑,有时需要进行合理变化。 "Did Mary clean the classroom yesterday?" Mr Hu is asking. 胡老师问昨天玛丽是否打扫教室了。 Mr Hu is asking if/whether Mary cleaned the classroom yesterday. 例:She wonders, “Can I keep that book for one more week?” _ She wonders if/whether she can keep that book for one more week. “Can you help me?” she asks. _ She asks if/whether I can help her. if 和whether的区别 1. 后面紧跟or not时,用whether; 2. 从句在介词之后作介词的宾语时,用whether; 3. 在带to的动词不定式之前,用whether; 4. 宾语从句前置时,用whether; 5. 在discuss等少数动词后面的宾语从句,用whether。 Let me know whether you can come or not. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. It depends on whether I have enough time. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. We discussed whether we should go to see the film. 练一练:选择 that 或 if/whether 填空 1. -May I ask _you will go shopping with me this weekend? -Certainly. 2. I believe _ you can realize your dream. 3. I'm not good at PE, and I wonder_ or not I can pass the PE test. 4. - I hope _ I can be a doctor in the future. - If you try your best, you may be a good doctor. 5. - Simon, would you like to go swimming with us this afternoon? - I'd like to, but I'm not sure_my parents will agree. if/whether that whether that if/whether 练一练:选择 that 或 if/whether 填空 6. I believe_ I have made a wise decision, so don't worry me please. 7. Tom is asking _ Lucy will come. _she comes, please call me. 8. Bob doesn't know_he should choose the red shirt or the white shirt. 9. Ella is wondering her _father likes the black tie. 10.We are sure_our school swimming team will win the match. that if/whether If if/whether if/whether that 我们可用连接代词或连接副词引导宾语从句,此时从句部分的语义相当于一个特殊疑问句。 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序!!! What is it? Why was he angry yesterday? When will he come back? why he was angry yesterday. when he will come back. I want to know_ I don’t know_ Please tell me_ what it is. 疑问词组: how long/how much/how far... 连接代词: what/who/whom/whose/which 连接副词: when/where/how/why 1. Can you tell us what they are doing? 2. We do not know whose pencil this is. 3. Can you tell me what is wrong with you? 4. Do you know who the girl’s father is? 5. I don’t know whom/who you should depend on. 6. Nobody knows when the train will arrive. 7. She wants to know why that little boy is crying. 8. Do you know how Amy come to China? 连接代词和连接副词有词义,并且在从句中充当句子成分,不能省略。 作宾语 作定语 作表语 作时间状语 作宾语 作原因状语 作方式状语 作主语 练一练:完成下列句子 1. 你知道今天下午谁会来吗? Do you know_this afternoon? 2. 我不知道我能为你做什么。 I don’t know _for you. who will come what I can do 练一练:用合适的连接词填空。 1. I need silence when I'm studying. I don't know_I can find a quiet place. 2. I need someone to share my worries with. I wonder_I should go to for help. 3. I have tried my best, but I don't understand_I still get low marks. 4. My parents often come home very late. Sometimes I don't know_I will see them. 5. Sometimes I'm careless. I wonder_I can be more careful. 6. I often have difficulty expressing myself. Who can tell me_I should do? where who/whom why when how what 宾语从句的语序 必须是陈述语序!!! Did you get home very late? He asked me. Where does your father work? Can you tell us? Can you tell us where your father works? He asked me if I got home very late. He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. Please tell me which do you like. Please tell me which you like. 改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。 宾语从句的语序 当从句的原句为以下句子时,语序不变。 What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What happened? Which is the way to...? 如果疑问词who或what在从句中作主语时,语序不变。 I want to know what’s on the desk. Can you tell me who is over there? I want to know what’s wrong with you. She doesn’t know what’s the matter with him. Jack didn’t know what happened. 宾语从句的时态 一、主现从随便 如果主句的时态是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等),从句的时态根据实际需要而定(时间状语/语境)。 I hear (that) Jim went to work an hour ago. he often listens to tape. Tom is talking with Jim now. she will come tomorrow. Amy has seen the movie. 主句 (一般现在时) 宾语从句的时态 二、主过从必过 如果主句是过去时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时,过去过完成时,过去将来时等),那么从句的时态必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态。从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。 He will go to Hong Kong. He is sick. He is reading a book. He has finished his work. He said (that) He would go to Hong Kong. He was sick. He was reading a book. He had finished his work. 主句 (一般过去时) 宾语从句的时态 三、真理永一现 当从句表达的是客观存在的事实、真理、定义、公理或定理时,不论主句是何种时态,从句都用一般现在时。 The teacher told us (that) the earth travels around the sun. She said (that) two plus three is five. My parents told me (that) no news is good news. 注意: 如果主句中出现could you/would you, 这些不是过去时,而只是表示委婉语气,此时宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。 Could/Would you please tell me where they’re playing cards? Could you find out why he’s always late for school? Could you tell us when he will come back? 练一练:用动词的适当形式完成句子。 1. Could you tell me if it _(rain) tomorrow? 2. The teacher told us the sun _(rise)in the east. 3. Peter knew why the boy _(have) so many questions. 4. I heard that he _ (go) to Beijing two days ago. 5. Do you know where he _ (live) now? will rain rises went lives had 宾语从句的否定前移 在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称(I/We),且谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose,guess,imagine,expect 等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 我认为他不会按时到。 I don't think he will arrive on time. I don’t believe that the man is killed by Jim. 我相信那个人不是Jim杀的。 宾语从句与形式宾语it feel, find, think, believe, make等动词后面有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将从句后置。 I feel it a pity that I didn’t meet you. We think it important that we learn English. 动词 + it(形式宾语)+宾语补足语 + that宾语从句 make it clear that... think it +形容词+that... find it +形容词+that... 宾语从句的复合句简单句的转换 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等词时,从句可简化为不定式结构。 My friend hopes that he can receive a birthday present. =My friend hopes to receive a birthday present. 当宾语从句主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等,从句有疑问词引导时,从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构, =She doesn’t know what to say next. She doesn’t know what she should say next. Summary 宾语从句 连接词: (引导词) 时态: 语序: 陈述语序:连接词+主+谓+其他 主现从随便,主过从必过,真理永一现 that(陈述句) if/whether(一般疑问句) 疑问词(特殊疑问句) “是否” 宾语从句: 用一个完整的句子来充当宾语 ①否定前移/②句子简化/③it作形式宾语 $$