内容正文:
2025届高考英语语法填空分类通关练
(高考真题+名校模拟+外刊原创)
专题16交通运输主题语法填空20篇 解析版
(新能源汽车+无人机送餐+磁悬浮子弹列车+无人驾驶的拖拉机+自主水下航行器)
(2024·湖南邵阳·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese new energy vehicle companies, including battery and car makers, are entering Germany with innovations, 1 German car expert said this Friday. Key battery manufacturers in China are now building battery cell factories with large investments in Germany, thus 2 (bring) technology to the country. “China is helping Germany to carry out climate-friendly strategies more 3 (rapid),” said Ferdinand Dudenhoeffer, director of CAR Center Automotive Research Duisburg.
Germany’s government is aiming 4 (have) 15 million pure electric cars on the road by 2030. In the meanwhile, carmakers like NIO or BYD will bring their products and service to Europe. On Friday at its European launch event in Berlin, NIO prepared three new models 5 customers in Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden.
Earlier this week, German car rental company and mobility service provider Sixt made an announcement and 6 (reveal) its plans to order 100,000 electric vehicles from China’s: YD over the next six years. Up to now, Sixt 7 (order) several thousand pure electric vehicles from BYD.The first vehicles would be available to Europe, starting with Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, in the 8 (four) quarter of 2022, according to the company.
“It is good for the exchange between Germany and China, through 9 we cooperate with technology-driven Chinese new energy companies. It helps us learn how 10 (advance) Chinese technology is and it encourages further exchange,” Dudenhoeffer said.
【答案】
1.a 2.bringing 3.rapidly 4.to have 5.for 6.revealed 7.has ordered 8.fourth 9.which 10.advanced
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的新能源汽车正在进入德国的汽车市场。
1.考查冠词。句意:本周五,一位德国汽车专家表示,包括电池和汽车制造商在内的中国新能源汽车公司正带着创新进入德国。分析句子可知,此处是泛指,表示“一位德国汽车专家”,空处应用不定冠词,且German以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:目前,中国的主要电池制造商正在德国大举投资建设电池工厂,从而将技术引入德国。分析句子可知,空处作结果状语,空前有thus,空处是随着谓语动词的发生而自然产生的结果,应用bring的现在分词形式bringing。故填bringing。
3.考查副词。句意:中国正在帮助德国更快地实施气候友好战略。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词carry out,空前有more,表示“更快地”,应用rapid的副词形式原级rapidly。故填rapidly。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:德国政府的目标是到2030年拥有1500万辆纯电动汽车。根据“aiming”可推知,此处用固定短语aim to do sth.,意为“目标是,旨在”,空处应用have的不定式形式to have。故填to have。
5.考查介词。句意:周五,在柏林举行的欧洲发布会上,蔚来汽车为德国、荷兰、丹麦和瑞典的客户准备了三款新车型。根据“prepared three new models”和“customers”可推知,此处用固定短语prepare sth. for sb.,意为“为……提供……”,空处应用介词for。故填for。
6.考查时态。句意:本周早些时候,德国汽车租赁公司和出行服务提供商Sixt宣布,计划在未来六年内从中国比亚迪订购10万辆电动汽车。分析句子可知,空处作谓语,时间状语为Earlier this week,时态用一般过去时,应用reveal的过去式revealed。故填revealed。
7.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:截至目前,Sixt已向比亚迪订购了数千辆纯电动汽车。分析句子可知,空处作谓语,时间状语为Up to now,时态用现在完成时,主语Sixt是单数,助动词用has。故填has ordered。
8.考查序数词。句意:据该公司称,首批汽车将于2022年第四季度在欧洲上市,首先在德国、法国、荷兰和英国上市。根据“the”可推知,此处表示“第四季度”,空处应用four的序数词形式fourth。故填fourth。
9.考查定语从句。句意:这有利于中德两国之间的交流,通过这种交流,我们可以与技术驱动的中国新能源公司合作。分析句子可知,此处用“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the exchange between Germany and China指物,空处应用关系代词which。故填which。
10.考查形容词。句意:这有助于我们了解中国技术的先进程度,并鼓励进一步的交流。分析句子可知,空处作is的表语,应用advance的形容词形式advanced,意为“先进的”。故填advanced。
(2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is now the world’s biggest electric vehicle market, with nearly 1.29 million electric vehicles (EVs) 11 (sell) in 2020 alone, accounting 12 40.5 percent of global sales (3.17 million) last year, and a 13 (grow) of 8.3 percent year-on-year, according to data from the International Energy Agency.
“ The EV firms have grown 14 (dramatic) in a short period of time ,and the acquisition of some struggling Western automaker brands further 15 (prove) China’s success, ” said Gavin Harper, a researcher from the Faraday Institution at the University of Birmingham. “ In doing so, they have also had the foresight 16 (plan) in advance for this transition and secure the critical raw materials and the supply chain required for Chinese industry. ”
Emissions over the lifetime of battery electric vehicles are 19-34 percent lower than 17 of comparable gasoline vehicles, estimated by the International Council for Clean Transportation based on a life-cycle assessment. “ As China’s power sector continues to decarbonize, switching to EVs will play 18 increasingly important role in helping the country to achieve 19 (it) 2030 / 2060 climate goals, ” said Xie Chunping, policy fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science. “ As technology advances, reducing the carbon emissions of EV manufacturing will 20 (consider) in the years to come, ” said Harper.
【答案】
11.sold 12.for 13.growth 14.dramatically 15.proves 16.to plan 17.those 18.an 19.its 20.be considered
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场。
11.考查非谓语。句意:根据国际能源署的数据,中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场,仅在2020年就售出了近129万辆电动汽车,占去年全球销量(317万辆)的40.5%,同比增长8.3%。分析句子可知,此处考查“with+名词+非谓语”结构,EVs和sell为动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填sold。
12.考查介词。句意:根据国际能源署的数据,中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场,仅在2020年就售出了近129万辆电动汽车,占去年全球销量(317万辆)的40.5%,同比增长8.3%。account for是固定用法,意为“占”。故填for。
13.考查名词。句意:根据国际能源署的数据,中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场,仅在2020年就售出了近129万辆电动汽车,占去年全球销量(317万辆)的40.5%,同比增长8.3%。分析句子可知,设空前有不定冠词,需填名词形式。故填growth。
14.考查副词。句意:电动汽车公司在短时间内大幅增长,收购一些苦苦挣扎的西方汽车制造商品牌进一步证明了中国的成功。分析句子可知,此处应用dramatic的副词dramatically修饰have grown。故填dramatically。
15.考查动词时态。句意:电动汽车公司在短时间内大幅增长,收购一些苦苦挣扎的西方汽车制造商品牌进一步证明了中国的成功。分析句子可知,本句的主语是acquisition,意为“收购”,是不可数名词。根据句意可知,此句用一般现在时。故填proves。
16.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们这么做也有先见之明,提前计划这一过渡,并确保中国工业所需的关键原材料和供应链的安全。have sth. to do是习惯性用法,意为“有某事要做”。故填to plan。
17.考查代词。句意:根据国际清洁运输理事会基于生命周期评估的估计,电池电动汽车在使用寿命内的排放量比汽油汽车低19-34%。根据句意可知,此句把电动汽车和油车的排放量作对比,故用those指代排放量。故填those。
18.考查冠词。句意:随着中国电力行业不断脱碳,转向电动汽车将在帮助国家实现2030/2060年气候目标方面发挥越来越重要的作用。play a role in是固定用法,意为“在……方面扮演什么角色”。role前面有increasingly important修饰,且increasingly以元音发音开头,需填an。故填an。
19.考查代词。句意:随着中国电力行业不断脱碳,转向电动汽车将在帮助国家实现2030/2060年的气候目标方面发挥越来越重要的作用。根据句意“帮助国家实现2030/2060年的气候目标”可知,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
20.考查动词语态。句意:随着技术的进步,未来几年将考虑减少电动汽车制造业的碳排放。分析句子可知,主语reducing the carbon emissions of EV manufacturing和谓语consider是动宾关系,需用被动语态,由前面的will可知,应用be considered。故填be considered。
(2024·湖北荆州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A freight (货运) train loaded with grain from Kazakhstan arrived in Zhangjiakou on Dec 13. It came after a journey 21 passed through the Horgos railway port in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.
It was the first freight train from overseas 22 (arrive) in Zhangjiakou after the launch of the China-Europe (Central Asia) route at the end of August, and took 10 days to travel more than 4, 000 kilometers.
The government said the train’s arrival represented the 23 (office) opening of the Zhangjiakou section of the route in both directions, enabling two-way trade and establishing an important 24 (found) for the development of Zhangjiakou as a multimodal transportation. It also marked 25 significant step forward in constructing a comprehensive international trade corridor in Zhangjiakou, enhancing its level of openness 26 expanding the logistics network around Beijing.
The name of the trains, “Jingzhang”, 27 (combine) characters representing the cities of Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The train to depart from Zhangjiakou left the freight railway station in Xiahuayuan district on Aug 29, carrying 59 containers with 1, 322 tons of goods.
As the train network continues to expand, more cities in Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Langfang and Zhangjiakou 28 (include), are joining the cross-border railway transportation system. Zhangjiakou 29 (become) part of a comprehensive international trade corridor following the opening of the railway route 30 Europe and Central Asia.
【答案】
21.which/that 22.to arrive/to have arrived 23.official 24.foundation 25.a 26.and 27.combines 28.included 29.is becoming 30.to
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了哈萨克斯坦至张家口首趟货运列车抵达张家口的消息,标志着张家口至欧洲中亚方向铁路货运通道的双向开通,为张家口发展多式联运奠定重要基础,也标志着张家口构建全面对外开放大通道迈出重要一步。
21.考查定语从句。句意:这是在经过中国西北部新疆维吾尔自治区霍尔果斯铁路港口的旅程之后发生的。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词journey是物,因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
22.考查不定式和完成时。句意:这是自8月底中欧(中亚)线路开通以来,首列抵达张家口的海外货运列车,历时10天,行驶了4000多公里。freight train from overseas前面有序数词the first修饰,空格处用不定式作后置定语,海外货运列车可以理解为已经到达张家口,因此空格处用不定式或不定式的完成式to have done,故填to arrive/to have arrived。
23.考查形容词。句意:政府表示,这列火车的到来标志着该线路张家口段的双向正式开通,实现了双向贸易,为张家口作为多式联运城市的发展奠定了重要基础。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词opening,office的形容词是official,意为“正式的”,故填official。
24.考查名词。句意:政府表示,这列火车的到来标志着该线路张家口段的双向正式开通,实现了双向贸易,为张家口作为多式联运城市的发展奠定了重要基础。important修饰名词,此处表示“为张家口作为多式联运城市的发展奠定了重要基础”,空格处意为“基础”,名词是foundation,空前有an,空格处用单数,故填foundation。
25.考查冠词。句意:这也标志着在张家口建设综合国际贸易走廊,提高其开放水平,扩大环京物流网络迈出了重要一步。step是可数名词的单数形式,表泛指,前面要加不定冠词,significant是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a,故填a。
26.考查连词。句意:这也标志着在张家口建设综合国际贸易走廊,提高其开放水平,扩大环京物流网络迈出了重要一步。constructing a comprehensive international trade corridor in Zhangjiakou, enhancing its level of openness和expanding the logistics network around Beijing之间是并列关系,句子是肯定句,因此空格处用and,故填and。
27.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:列车的名字“京张”结合了代表北京和张家口两个城市的汉字。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语name是单数,因此空格处用第三人称单数,故填combines。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:随着铁路网络的不断扩大,包括河北、石家庄、邯郸、廊坊和张家口在内的更多城市正在加入跨境铁路运输系统。句中谓语是are joining,空格处用非谓语动词,Shijiazhuang, Handan, Langfang and Zhangjiakou和include之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填included。
29.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:随着通往欧洲和中亚的铁路线路的开通,张家口正在成为一个综合性国际贸易走廊的一部分。根据语境可知,句子表示“随着通往欧洲和中亚的铁路线路的开通,张家口正在成为一个综合性国际贸易走廊的一部分”,空格处用现在进行时,主语Zhangjiakou是一个地方,因此空格处用is becoming。故填is becoming。
30.考查介词。句意:随着通往欧洲和中亚的铁路线路的开通,张家口正在成为一个综合性国际贸易走廊的一部分。the route to是固定用法,意为“通往……的路线”,因此空格处用介词to,故填to。
(2024·陕西西安·一模)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has the longest railway in service and the largest scale of railway under 31 (construct). By the end of 2017, China 32 (build) a length of 25, 000 kilometers railway for high-speed trains, accounting for 60percent of the total length of the world.
China is now playing a 33 (lead) role in the technology of high-speed trains in the world. The country has constructed a large number of railways that suit 34 (vary) special climate environments, complex geological conditions and meet different transporting needs. It is said that the system of Driverless Train Operation is being tried 35 the help of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.
China is willing 36 (share) its experience with the world. As is 37 (common) known, the country has exported a lot of railway equipment to the countries such as Turkey, Indonesia, Russia, Brazil, Thailand. Many overseas railway projects are going well, 38 has made China more popular all over the world. China is able to export 39 full range of railway technology to other countries.
Now, 40 (base) on the initiatives of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st- Century Maritime Silk Road, China is planning to export even more high-speed trains and rail- way technology to countries along the routes of the Belt and Road.
【答案】
31.construction 32.had built 33.leading 34.various/varied 35.with 36.to share 37.commonly 38.which 39.a 40.based
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述中国的铁路技术发展飞快,并且同世界分享经验。
31.考查名词。句意:中国拥有世界上运营铁路最长、在建铁路规模最大的国家。设空处为名词作宾语,故填construction。
32.考查时态。句意:截至2017年底,中国已建成2.5万公里高铁铁路,占世界总长度的60%。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语By the end of 2017可知是过去完成时,故填had built。
33.考查形容词。句意:中国现在在高铁技术方面处于世界领先地位。设空处修饰名词role作定语,应用形容词,故填leading。
34.考查形容词。句意:国家建设了大量适应各种特殊气候环境、复杂地质条件、满足不同运输需求的铁路。设空处修饰名词climate environments作定语,应用形容词形式,故填various/varied。
35.考查固定短语。句意:据悉,无人驾驶列车运行系统正在北斗卫星导航系统的帮助下进行试验。短语with the help of,意为“在……的帮助下”,符合句意,故填with。
36.考查固定搭配。句意:中国愿与世界分享中国经验。短语be willing to do,意为“愿意做某事”,根据提示词,故填to share。
37.考查副词。句意:众所周知,我国向土耳其、印度尼西亚、俄罗斯、巴西、泰国等国家出口了大量的铁路设备。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词作状语,故填commonly。
38.考查定语从句。句意:许多海外铁路项目进展顺利,这让中国在世界范围内更受欢迎。分析可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代上文整个句子,关系代词在从句中做主语,故填which。
39.考查冠词。句意:中国能够向其他国家出口全方位的铁路技术。短语a full range of,意为“全方位的”,符合句意,故填a。
40.考查过去分词。句意:现在,基于丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的倡议,中国计划向“一带一路”沿线国家出口更多的高铁和铁路技术。分析可知,设空处为非谓语动词,和主语之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,故填based。
(2024·上海崇明·二模)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Delivering Food by Drone
A Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.
Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night 41 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.
But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 42 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.
The drones automatically charge while 43 (wait) in the kitchen. 44 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 45 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声呐系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.
A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 46 sends it back to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 47 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 48 (much) food.
“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks,” Woon said. “If they let the robots 49 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”
Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 50 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.
【答案】
41.for 42.that 43.waiting 44.After 45.built 46.that/which 47.can 48.much 49.do 50.has heard
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了新加坡Infinium Robotics公司正在为连锁餐厅Timbre开发用于送餐的无人机。
41.考查介词。句意:新加坡公司Infinium Robotics正在为连锁餐厅Timbre开发无人机。过去两周,Infinium Robotics在餐厅每晚营业前对这项技术进行了测试,希望能在今年年底前投入使用。设空处没有任何提示词,根据语法填空题的特点可知,这类空一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。再给句意与前面谓语动词opens可判定此处是短语“open for business”(开业)。故填for。
42.考查同位语从句。句意:Infinium Robotics首席执行官Junyang Woon表示:“它完全不可能击中任何东西。” 设空处没有任何提示词,根据语法填空题的特点可知,这类空一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。分析句子结构可知此处应填入连词连接前后两个句子,再结合句意可知chance与it will hit anything之前是互为解释的同位语关系,因此用同位语从句引导词that。故填that。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:无人机在厨房等待时自动充电。当状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致且从句中有be动词的某种形式时,可省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。本句中while引导的时间状语从句,可知原句为the drones are waiting in the kitchen,省略the drones are后保留waiting in the kitchen。故填waiting。
44.考查连词。句意:厨师把菜放在无人机上后,按下键盘上的一个按钮,无人机就会自动飞到两个等候站中的一个。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入连词连接两个句子,结合句意可确定两句有时间上的先后关系。故填After。
45.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果有任何东西挡住了它的路,无人机内置的感应与避免技术将不允许它在等候站降落。分析成分可知won’t allow是本句谓语动词,build into在句中应使用非谓语动词形式,作后置定语修饰名词technology,又因technology与build into之间有被动关系,因此应使用过去分词。故填built。
46.考查定语从句。句意:然后,服务员将食物或饮料从无人机中取出,按下按钮,无人机就会返回厨房。分析句子结构可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a button;又因先行词在定语从句中作主语,因此应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
47.考查情态动词。句意:这种无人机重5磅多一点,只能携带4磅多一点的食物。设空处没有任何提示词,根据语法填空题的特点可知,这类空一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。句析句子成分可知,设空位于谓语动词carry之前,可判定应有情态动词,再结句意可知应用情态动词can。故填can。
48.考查形容词。句意:。Infinium Robotics公司正在研发一种可以携带两倍数量食物的机型。形容词much修饰不可数名词food。故填much。
49.考查动词原形。句意:“如果他们让机器人来做这项工作,他们就可以集中精力与顾客互动,为顾客带来更高的满意度和用餐体验。”let…do...(让……做……)为固定搭配,该结构中用动词原形作宾语补足语。故填do。
50.考查谓语动词。句意:自从它最近引起了媒体的关注后,Woon收到了包括美国在内的10个国家的度假村和餐馆的来信。分析句子结构可知hear from是主句谓语动词,又因前面since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时态连用,因此hear from该用现在完成时态。故填has heard。
(2024·辽宁鞍山·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A maglev (磁悬浮) bullet train that can reach speeds of 600 kilometers per hour (373 miles per hour) has made its debut (亮相) in Qingdao, China.
51 (develop) by the state-owned China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation, its considered the world’s 52 (fast) train.
Liang Jianying, deputy general manager and chief engineer of CRRC Sifang, told Chinese state media that in addition to its speed, 53 train emits (排放) low levels of noise pollution and requires less maintenance than other high-speed trains.
A prototype (原型) of the new maglev train 54 (reveal) to media in 2019. That same year, China announced 55 (ambition) plans to create “3-hour transportation circles” between major metropolitan areas.
High-speed rail is a major priority in China, 56 aims to connect more of its large cities by train 57 (reduce) the time and expense required to travel around the world’s most populous country.
58 (current), the average high-speed train in China can run at about 350 kph, while planes fly at 800-900 kph. Trains like the one unveiled in Qingdao this week could fill a critical middle space.
Several new maglev networks are reportedly under 59 (construct), including one linking Shanghai and Hangzhou and 60 connecting Chengdu and Chongqing.
【答案】
51.Developed 52.fastest 53.the 54.was revealed 55.ambitious 56.which 57.to reduce 58.Currently 59.construction 60.another
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国高铁的迅速发展,其中一辆时速可达600公里(373英里)的磁悬浮子弹列车在中国青岛首次亮相,它也被认为是世界上最快的列车。
51.考查非谓语动词。句意:它由国有的中国铁路车辆公司开发,被认为是世界上最快的列车。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。主句主语it与develop之间存在被动关系,用过去分词形式作状语。出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Developed。
52.考查形容词最高级。句意:它由国有的中国铁路车辆公司开发,被认为是世界上最快的列车。根据下文可知,中国高铁的平均时速约为350公里,而这个磁悬浮子弹列车速度达到了600公里,所以这是最快的列车,用形容词最高级形式。故填fastest。
53.考查冠词。句意:中车四方副总经理兼总工程师梁建英对中国官方媒体说,除了速度之外,这种列车产生的噪音污染较低,比其他高铁需要的维护更少。这种列车是再次提到,为特指,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
54.考查时态和语态。句意:2019年,新型磁悬浮列车的原型向媒体披露。根据“in 2019”可知,时态为一般过去时;主语为单数名词prototype,和谓语动词reveal之间存在被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was revealed。
55.考查形容词。句意:同年,中国宣布了在主要都市圈之间建立“3小时交通圈”的宏伟计划。修饰名词plans用形容词形式。故填ambitious。
56.考查定语从句。句意:在中国,高铁是一项重要的优先事项。中国的目标是用火车连接更多的大城市,以减少在世界上人口最多的国家旅行所需的时间和费用。句中先行词为China,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意:在中国,高铁是一项重要的优先事项。中国的目标是用火车连接更多的大城市,以减少在世界上人口最多的国家旅行所需的时间和费用。担当目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to reduce。
58.考查副词。句意:目前,中国高铁的平均时速约为350公里,而飞机的飞行时速为800-900公里。句子的状语用副词形式,出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Currently。
59.考查名词。句意:据报道,几条新的磁悬浮网络正在建设中,其中一条连接上海和杭州,另一条连接成都和重庆。短语:under construction在建设中。故填construction。
60.考查代词。句意:据报道,几条新的磁悬浮网络正在建设中,其中一条连接上海和杭州,另一条连接成都和重庆。根据上文的“Several new maglev networks”可知,有几条新的磁悬浮网络在建。one...another…一个……,另外一个……。故填another。
(2024·重庆·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Changan 61 (sign) a deal last week with the Thai authorities to build a vehicle-producing plant in the Southeast Asian country, as 62 state-owned carmaker speeds up efforts to explore overseas markets, 63 (especial) those involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.
The Chongqing-based carmaker said it will invest 8.8 billion baht (around $240 million) in the production facility, initially 64 (design) to produce 100,000 new energy vehicles a year.
The NEVs to be produced in its Thai plant 65 (sell) in the country and exported to other 66 (market) such as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
Changan is joining the ranks of other major Chinese carmakers including SAIC, Great Wall Motor as well as BYD, 67 have release d plant plans or are already producing vehicles 68 Southeast Asia.
Their local production can boost the local automotive industry and will allow those Chinese carmakers 69 (become) more competitive in the market, said Yahaya Ahmad, technical leader of the ASEAN New Car Assessment Program.
Ahmad said the 70 (popular) of Chinese branded vehicles is growing thanks to their improved quality.
“I would expect Chinese carmakers to be competitive…they can compete in terms of the safety, in terms of the cost, in terms of the quality,” he said.
【答案】
61.signed 62.the 63.especially 64.designed 65.will be sold 66.markets 67.which 68.in 69.to become 70.popularity
【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署协议,在东南亚国家建立汽车生产厂的消息,并提供了相关的投资细节、生产计划和销售出口信息。
61.考查动词时态。句意:上周,中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署了一项协议,将在该东南亚国家建立一个汽车生产厂,这家国有汽车制造商正在加速探索海外市场,尤其是那些涉及“一带一路”倡议的市场。分析句子结构可知,sign作本句谓语,根据时间状语last week可知,用一般过去时。故填signed。
62.考查冠词。句意:上周,中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署了一项协议,将在该东南亚国家建立一个汽车生产厂,这家国有汽车制造商正在加速探索海外市场,尤其是那些涉及“一带一路”倡议的市场。此处的carmaker代指上文提到的China’s Changan,为特指,前应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
63.考查副词。句意:上周,中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署了一项协议,将在该东南亚国家建立一个汽车生产厂,这家国有汽车制造商正在加速探索海外市场,尤其是那些涉及“一带一路”倡议的市场。空处修饰空后的这个句子,用副词修饰。故填especially。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:这家总部位于重庆的汽车制造商表示,将投资88亿泰铢(约合2.4亿美元)在该生产设施上,最初的设计是每年生产10万辆新能源汽车。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词will invest,所以design用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语facility之间是被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填designed。
65.考查动词时态和语态。句意:在泰国工厂生产的新能源汽车将在泰国销售,并出口到澳大利亚、新西兰和南非等其他市场。分析句子结构可知,sell作本句谓语,和主语The NEVs之间是被动关系,用被动语态,根据句意,应用一般将来时,所以空处填一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be sold。
66.考查名词。句意:在泰国工厂生产的新能源汽车将在泰国销售,并出口到澳大利亚、新西兰和南非等其他市场。market为可数名词,根据空前的other可知,空处应填名词复数形式。故填markets。
67.考查定语从句。句意:长安加入了其他中国主要汽车制造商的行列,包括上汽、长城汽车和比亚迪,这些汽车制造商已经发布了在东南亚建厂的计划,或者已经在生产汽车。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是major Chinese carmakers在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
68.考查介词。句意:长安加入了其他中国主要汽车制造商的行列,包括上汽、长城汽车和比亚迪,这些汽车制造商已经发布了在东南亚建厂的计划,或者已经在生产汽车。表达“在东南亚”应该用介词in。故填in。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意:东盟新车评估项目的技术负责人Yahaya Ahmad说,他们的本地生产可以促进当地的汽车工业,并将使这些中国汽车制造商在市场上更具竞争力。此处是固定搭配:allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to become。
70.考查名词。句意:艾哈迈德说,由于质量的提高,中国品牌的汽车越来越受欢迎。本句是省略that的宾语从句,从句缺少主语,所以空处应填名词作主语,popular的名词形式是popularity。故填popularity。
(2024·广东·一模))阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Imagine a vehicle that can pick you up outside your home, drive to the nearest railway line, and change itself into a train. It may sound like a story from “Thomas the Tank Engine,” 71 that’s exactly what Japan’s DMV Road-Rail buses have been doing since they launched 72 Christmas Day 2021.
With a capacity of 23, the DMV is a diesel-powered (柴油驱动的) bus fitted with a set of retractable (可缩进的) rail wheels 73 can be put in place in about 15 seconds. Lighter than a traditional train, the DMV also consumes less fuel and 74 (be) cheaper to maintain.
75 (advertise) as “the world's first operational dual-mode vehicle,” it is actually the latest in a long series of similar experiments 76 (improve) rural rail services. As far back as the 1930s, similar vehicles 77 the DMV were tested in England and West Germany.
Tokushima government hopes that the DMV buses 78 (become) a tourist draw in their own right. It also believes that the vehicles could also be useful for reaching isolated communities in the event of natural 79 (disaster) such as earthquakes, which can leave sections of roads or railway lines 80 (usable).
【答案】
71.and 72.on 73.that/which 74.is 75.Advertised 76.to improve 77.like 78.will become 79.disasters 80.unusable
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本车管所公路铁路巴士被宣传为“世界上第一辆可操作的双模式车辆”,实际上是一系列改善农村铁路服务的类似实验中最新的一个。早在20世纪30年代,类似的车辆就在英国和西德进行了测试。
71.考查连词。句意:它听起来像是《托马斯小火车》中的故事,但这正是日本车管所公路铁路巴士自2021年圣诞节推出以来一直在做的事情。根据语境,此处与上一句为转折关系,故填but。
72.考查时态语态。句意:这听起来像是《托马斯小火车》中的故事,但这正是日本车管所公路铁路巴士自2021年圣诞节推出以来一直在做的事情。介词on用于表示具体的一天,这里指“在2021年的圣诞节”。故填on。
73.考查定语从句。句意:可容纳23人的DMV是一辆柴油动力巴士,配有一组可伸缩的轨道轮,可以在大约15秒内安装到位。定语从句修饰先行词wheels,在从句作主语,指物,故填which/that。
74.考查比较级。句意:DMV比传统的火车更轻,消耗的燃料更少,维护成本也更低。根据上下文,这里描述的是DMV的维护成本,使用一般现在时态,主语是the DMV,第三人称单数,故填is。
75.考查非谓语动词。句意:它被宣传为“世界上第一辆可操作的双模式车辆”,实际上是一系列改善农村铁路服务的类似实验中最新的一个。此处advertise与it构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Advertised。
76.考查非谓语动词。句意:它被宣传为“世界上第一辆可操作的双模式车辆”,实际上是一系列改善农村铁路服务的类似实验中最新的一个。此处表将来的动作,用不定式作后置定语。故填to improve。
77.考查介词。句意:早在20世纪30年代,像DMV的类似的车辆就在英国和西德进行了测试。like在这里意为“像”,比较同类事物。故填like。
78.考查时态。句意:德岛政府希望车辆管理处的巴士能够凭借自己的能力吸引游客。从句表示将来的动作用一般将来时。故填will become。
79.考查名词的数。句意:它还认为,在发生地震等自然灾害时,这些车辆也可以用于到达偏远社区,这些自然灾害可能会使部分道路或铁路线无法使用。根据后文earthquakes可知disaster应用复数形式。故填disasters。
80.考查形容词。句意:它还认为,在发生地震等自然灾害时,这些车辆也可以用于到达偏远社区,这些自然灾害可能会使部分道路或铁路线无法使用。此处作宾补,结合句意表示“无法使用的”应用形容词unusable。故填unusable。
(2024·广东·一模)阅读下列短文,在空白处填入适当的1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we all know, the United States is full of cars. There are still many families without cars, 81 some families have two or more. However, cars are used for more than 82 (pleasant). They are a necessary part of life.
Cars are also used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers 83 have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen 84 (send) to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get 85 (supply).
Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities, school buses are used only 86 children live more than a mile away from the school. If the children are too young to walk too far, their mothers take turns 87 (drive) them to school. One mother drives on Mondays taking her own children and the neighbors’ as well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesday, and so 88 . This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to 89 place where they work.
In spite of this, more car pools should be formed in order to put fewer cars on the road and use 90 (little) gas.
【答案】
81.but 82.pleasure 83.who/ that 84.are sent 85.supplies 86.when 87.driving/to drive 88.on 89.the 90.less
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了汽车在美国人生活中的重要作用。
81.考查连词。句意:仍有许多家庭没有汽车,但有些家庭有两辆或更多辆。空处连接两个并列句,“There are still many families without cars(仍有许多家庭没有汽车)”和“some families have two or more(有些家庭有两辆或更多辆)”之间是转折关系,应用but。故填but。
82.考查名词。句意:然而,汽车的用途不仅仅是娱乐。空处应用名词作介词for的宾语。这里表示汽车的用途,应用pleasure,意为“玩乐,休闲”,为不可数名词。故填pleasure。
83.考查定语从句。句意:它们被那些没有其他办法上班的工人开着去办公室和工厂。空处引导定语从句,修饰指人的workers,且在从句中作主语,所以应用who或that。故填who/that。
84.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:当推销员被派往城市的不同地区时,他们必须开车才能载他们的产品。根据句意和主句中的have to可知,这里陈述的是一般情况,应用一般现在时。主语salesmen表示复数,且和send之间是动宾关系,所以应用被动语态,且be动词用are。故填are sent。
85.考查名词的数。句意:农民们必须开车进城才能获得物资。空处应用名词,作get的宾语。supply意为“补给,补给品”,常用作复数。故填supplies。
86.考查状语从句。句意:在一些城市,只有当孩子们住在离学校一英里远的地方时,才使用校车。空处引导的是时间状语从句,应用when引导。故填when。
87.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果孩子们太小不能走太远,他们的母亲会轮流开车送他们去学校。take turns to do.../doing...意为“轮流做某事”,为固定用法。故填driving/to drive。
88.考查固定搭配。句意:另一位母亲在周二开车,另一位在周三开车,以此类推。and so on意为“(表示列举未尽)等等,诸如此类”,为固定搭配。故填on。
89.考查冠词。句意:男人们也会拼车,三四个男人轮流开车去他们工作的地方。place后有定语从句修饰,这里表示特指,应加定冠词the。故填the。
90.考查比较级。句意:尽管如此,应该形成更多的拼车,以减少路上的汽车数量,减少汽油消耗。根据“put fewer cars on the road”可知,拼车可以减少路上汽车数量,减少汽油消耗,即“更少的汽油”,应用little的比较级less。故填less。
(2024·河南·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In today’s urban centers, traffic jam is a common sight, characterized by long lines of vehicles 91 (inch) along the roadways. Many commuters experience fatigue from spending hours behind the wheel, navigating through winding streets.
Due to the congestion, it’s easy to become disillusioned with the daily grind.(日常琐事) However, there’s hope in the form of nation-driven initiatives 92 (aim) at easing the pressure on both the roads. One such initiative is the promotion of alternative modes of transportation through campaigns that highlight the benefits of walking, cycling, and 93 (use) public transportation instead of private cars.stresses the fact that the exaggeration of the benefits of private vehicle usage should be examined critically.
These initiatives are not environmentally friendly 94 appealing to those seeking an escape from over-scheduled work 95 they are constantly chasing after the next deadline or appointment, feeling stressed out. By encouraging a shift in mindset, 96 one focused merely on speed and efficiency to one that values well-being, cities can create a more livable environment for their citizens. Governments 97 (explore) solutions that prioritize the well-being of all residents. This may include implementing carpooling schemes, establishing designated pedestrian zones, or establishing facilities around communicates that are within walking distance.
Implementing innovative approaches to traffic issues in urban centers helps promote a 98 (healthy) urban environment. It is necessary that initiatives calling for alternative transportation modes 99 (support) to keep company with these efforts, and 100 unsustainable practices, such as reliance solely on private vehicles, be disposed of in the near future.
【答案】
91.inching 92.aimed 93.using 94.but 95.because/since/as 96.from 97.are exploring/have explored 98.healthier 99.(should) be supported 100.that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了城市交通拥堵问题以及国家和政府推动的旨在缓解交通压力的倡议,特别是提倡步行、骑自行车和使用公共交通的行动,以及对可持续交通方式的探索和鼓励。
91.考查现在分词。句意:在今天的城市中心,交通堵塞是常见现象,特点是车辆沿着道路缓慢前进。inch是指缓慢前进,与 vehicles 在逻辑上是主动关系,用现在分词。inching在这里作定语修饰vehicles,表示正在缓慢移动的车辆。故填inching。
92.考查过去分词。句意:然而,有希望的举措是由国家推动的,旨在缓解道路压力。be aimed at为固定短语,表示“旨在,目的是”,空处应为过去分词作后置定语,修饰initiatives,故填aimed。
93.考查动名词。句意:其中一项举措是通过强调步行、骑自行车和使用公共交通工具而不是私家车的好处的运动来推广替代交通方式。此处与walking, cycling并列,应用动名词形式,故填using。
94.考查连词。句意:这些举措并不环保,但对那些寻求摆脱过度安排工作的人来说很有吸引力,因为他们一直在追逐下一个截止日期或约会,感到压力很大。These initiatives are not environmentally friendly与appealing to those seeking an escape from over-scheduled work为转折关系,not…but为固定短语,表示“不是……而是……”,故填but。
95.考查介词。句意:这些举措并不环保,但对那些寻求摆脱过度安排工作的人来说很有吸引力,因为他们一直在追逐下一个截止日期或约会,感到压力很大。空处表示原因,意为“因为”,故填because/since/as。
96.考查介词。句意:通过鼓励思维方式的转变,从只关注速度和效率到重视福祉,城市可以为市民创造一个更宜居的环境。from…to…为固定短语,表示“从……到……”,故填from。
97.考查时态。句意:各国政府正在/已经探索优先考虑所有居民福祉的解决方案。Governments是主语为复数,描述正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,应为are exploring;或者可以理解为各国政府已经在探索了解决方案,可以用现在完成时态,应为have explored,故填are exploring/have explored。
98.考查比较级。句意:在城市中心实施创新方法解决交通问题有助于促进更健康的城市环境。空处应为比较级用来描述比以前更健康的状态,故填healthier。
99.考查语态。句意:有必要支持呼吁替代交通方式的倡议,以便与这些努力保持一致,并在不久的将来处理不可持续的做法,例如完全依赖私家车。主语为initiatives,与support之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且此处为虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should) be done的形式。故填(should) be supported。
100.考查主语从句。句意:有必要支持呼吁替代交通方式的倡议,以便与这些努力保持一致,并在不久的将来处理不可持续的做法,例如完全依赖私家车。and连接两个并列的主语从句,句意和句子结构完成,连接词为that。故填that。
(2024·河北·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is it a train? Or is it a bus? Neither, it’s a Ferrobus— 101 unique form of transport found across mountainous regions of South America.
Combining old road bus bodies with rail wheels, these strange-looking machines are a lifeline 102 a lot of remote mountain villages 103 (lack) official road access. Using otherwise 104 (abandon) rail lines—often built in the 19thand early 20th century—Ferrobus routes can 105 (find) in Chile, Bolivia and Colombia, climbing high into the Andes. There are two different Ferrobuses 106 leave on different days.
Ferrobus trips are increasingly popular with tourists wanting to avoid uncomfortable and often 107 (danger) road journeys. Chile’s Gondola Carril from Los Andes to Rio Blanco, north of Santiago, operates 108 (pure) for tourists, but others provide regular, if somewhat unpredictable, transport for 109 (local) and tourists alike.
Bolivia is arguably the center of the Ferrobus world, with at least three routes, although there’s a constant risk of disruption (中断) from floods, rock falls and extreme weather.
Riding a Ferrobus 110 (require) patience and nerve, but you are guaranteed to return with some hair-raising stories to tell your friends.
【答案】
101.a 102.for 103.lacking 104.abandoned 105.be found 106.which/that 107.dangerous 108.purely 109.locals 110.requires
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种特别的,看起来像汽车又像火车的交通工具。
101.考查冠词。句意:这是一个独特的交通形式,遍布南美洲的山区。这里需要不定冠词来修饰unique form,表示“一种独特的交通形式”,unique是以辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
102.考查介词。句意:这些看起来奇怪的机器是许多缺乏官方道路通行的偏远山村的生命线。a lifeline for... 表示“对……来说的生命线”,这里的for引出受益的对象。故填for。
103.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些看起来奇怪的机器是许多缺乏官方道路通行的偏远山村的生命线。空处需要非谓语动词作定语。该动词和修饰的名词villages之间为主动关系,因此使用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填lacking。
104.考查形容词。句意:利用原本废弃的铁路线——这些线路往往建于19世纪和20世纪初——Ferrobus路线可以在智利、玻利维亚和哥伦比亚找到,深入安第斯山脉。空处需要形容词修饰rail lines,abandoned为形容词表示“被废弃的”,符合语境。故填abandoned。
105.考查被动语态。句意:利用原本废弃的铁路线——这些线路往往建于19世纪和20世纪初——Ferrobus路线可以在智利、玻利维亚和哥伦比亚找到,深入安第斯山脉。空处和空前的can构成句子的谓语动词。Ferrobus routes与find之间为被动关系,且含有情态动词can,所以空后接be done的形式,构成含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be found。
106.考查定语从句。句意:有两种不同的Ferrobus,在不同的日子出发。这里需要一个关系词引导定语从句,修饰先行词Ferrobuses。先行词指物,且在限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填which/that。
107.考查形容词。句意:越来越多想要避免不舒服且常常危险的公路旅程的游客对Ferrobus之旅感兴趣。空处需填形容词与uncomfortable并列作定语修饰journeys,danger的形容词形式为dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。
108.考查副词。句意:智利从Los Andes到Santiago北部Rio Blanco的Gondola Carril纯粹是为了游客运营的,但其他路线则为当地人和游客提供定期但有点不可预测的交通服务。空处需填副词修饰动词operates,pure的副词形式为purely“完全;仅仅”。故填purely。
109.考查名词复数。句意:智利从Los Andes到Santiago北部Rio Blanco的Gondola Carril纯粹是为了游客运营的,但其他路线则为当地人和游客提供定期但有点不可预测的交通服务。local在此处意为“当地人”,是可数名词,且与tourists并列,应使用复数形式。故填locals。
110.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:乘坐Ferrobus需要耐心和勇气,但你肯定会带着一些令人激动的故事回来告诉你的朋友。空处为句子的谓语动词。本句话描述一般事实,所以用一般现在时态。riding a Ferrobus为动名词短语作主语,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。
(2024浙江金华·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sheepskin raft (羊皮筏), the oldest means of transportation along the Yellow River, has a history of nearly 2,000 years. The airbag of the raft is made of 111 whole sheepskin and goes through many processes including heating to remove hair, soaking in salty oil, sewing, drying 112 blowing. Then the airbags 113 (fasten) to a wooden stand, enabling its use for transporting people and goods across the water.
It is said that the largest sheepskin raft in old times 114 (consist) of more than 600 sheepskin airbags, with an impressive length of 22 meters and a 115 (wide) of 7 meters. It was capable of carrying around 30 tons of goods and drifting over 200 kilometers in one day.
In the early 20th century, before the 1950s, 116 railways were not yet in operation and road traffic was 117 (convenient), the sheepskin raft served as the most important means of transportation for residents 118 (live) along the Yellow River.
However, with the rapid development of society, the sheepskin raft has largely played its historical role 119 transporting people and goods. Nowadays, it can only be found along the banks of the Yellow River in some cities in Gansu province. It has become a tool for people 120 (do) some sightseeing on the Yellow River.
【答案】
111.a 112.and 113.are fastened 114.consisted 115.width 116.when 117.inconvenient 118.living 119.in 120.to do
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了黄河沿岸羊皮筏的制作流程和历史作用。
111.考查冠词。句意:筏子的安全气囊由整张羊皮制成,经过加热脱毛、浸咸油、缝制、烘干、吹气等诸多工序。sheepskin意为“带毛绵羊皮”,为可数名词,句中用的单数,前用不定冠词修饰,whole为辅音音素开头,用a修饰。故填a。
112.考查连词。句意:筏子的安全气囊由整张羊皮制成,经过加热脱毛、浸咸油、缝制、烘干、吹气等诸多工序。分析句子结构可知,blowing和前文的heating to remove hair, soaking in salty oil, sewing, drying并列,应用and连接。故填and。
113.考查动词时态和语态。句意:然后将安全气囊固定在一个木制支架上,使其能够在水上运输人员和货物。分析句子结构可知,fasten作本句谓语,主语是airbags,两者是被动关系,用被动语态,前文用的是一般现在时,此处也用一般现在时。故填are fastened。
114.考查动词时态。句意:据说古代最大的羊皮筏由600多个羊皮气囊组成,长22米,宽7米,令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知,consist作从句的谓语,根据时间状语in old times可知,用一般过去时。故填consisted。
115.考查名词。句意:据说古代最大的羊皮筏由600多个羊皮气囊组成,长22米,宽7米,令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,所以空处应填名词,wide的名词形式是width。故填width。
116.考查定语从句。句意:20世纪50年代以前,铁路尚未开通,公路交通不便,羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前文的时间,在从句中作时间状语,用when引导。故填when。
117.考查形容词。句意:20世纪50年代以前,铁路尚未开通,公路交通不便,羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知,空前是形容词,所以空处填形容词作表语,根据句意,应是inconvenient意为“不方便”符合语境。故填inconvenient。
118.考查非谓语动词。句意:20世纪50年代以前,铁路尚未开通,公路交通不便,羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词served,所以live用非谓语形式,逻辑主语是residents,两者是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语。故填living。
119.考查介词。句意:然而,随着社会的飞速发展,羊皮筏已经在很大程度上发挥了它在运送人和货物方面的历史作用。此处是固定搭配:play role in意为“在某方面起作用”。故填in。
120.考查非谓语动词。句意:它已经成为人们在黄河上观光的工具。本句已有谓语动词has become,所以do用非谓语形式,根据句意,此处应是用不定式做主语。故填to do。
(2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the first line in 2008, China’s high-speed railway 121 (symbolize) a country’s economic power, and increasing prosperity. By the end of 2020, the country had more than 37,900 km of high-speed rail lines 122 service. China is also among the first in the world 123 (introduce) new technology such as autonomous train operation.
China is most likely to construct the first super-high-speed railway line 124 allows trains to travel up to 1,000 km per hour between Shanghai and Hangzhou. The 150-kilometer railway is likely to bring the Hyperloop concept which was originally proposed in 2013 into 125 (real). So far, scientists have evaluated six proposals with the most suitable construction conditions. Two wealthy cities in 126 eastern coastal area finally stood out. The super-high-speed transport system uses the most 127 (advance) techniques to transport passengers and goods. It is reported that the two coastal cities 128 (identify) as the most suitable in the last conference due to their strong economic activities. The project will provide significant economic potential 129 help China maintain its leading position in high-speed railway technology.
Several other 130 (candidate) have also been considered. Apart from constructing high speed railroads in the country, China also plans to build several others to connect the country with its neighbors.
【答案】
121.has symbolized 122.in 123.to introduce 124.that 125.reality 126.the 127.advanced 128.were identified 129.and 130.candidates
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自2008年第一条高铁开通以来,中国的高铁已经成为一个国家经济实力和日益繁荣的象征。截至2020年底,全国高铁运营里程超过3.79万公里。中国也是世界上最早引进自动驾驶列车等新技术的国家之一。
121.考查时态。句意:自2008年第一条高铁开通以来,中国的高铁已经成为一个国家经济实力和日益繁荣的象征。根据上文可知应用现在完成时,主语为China’s high-speed railway,助动词用has。故填has symbolized。
122.考查介词。句意:截至2020年底,全国高铁运营里程超过3.79万公里。此处为短语in service表示“在运行中”。故填in。
123.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国也是世界上最早引进自动驾驶列车等新技术的国家之一。名词前有序数词修饰,后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to introduce。
124.考查定语从句。句意:中国最有可能建设第一条超高速铁路,使列车在上海和杭州之间以每小时1000公里的速度行驶。定语从句修饰先行词super-high-speed railway line,在从句中作主语,指物,且由序数词修饰,只能用that。故填that。
125.考查名词。句意:这条150公里长的铁路很可能将2013年最初提出的超级高铁概念变为现实。作介词的宾语,应用名词reality,不可数。故填reality。
126.考查冠词。句意:东部沿海地区的两个富裕城市最终脱颖而出。表示“在……东部”短语为in the eastern。故填the。
127.考查形容词。句意:超高速运输系统采用最先进的技术来运输乘客和货物。修饰后文名词应用形容词advanced,作定语。故填advanced。
128.考查时态语态。句意:据悉,这两个沿海城市因其强劲的经济活动,在上次会议上被确定为最合适的城市。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合语境可知过去发生的事情为一般过去时的被动语态,主语为cities,谓语用复数。故填were identified。
129.考查连词。句意:该项目将提供巨大的经济潜力,并帮助中国保持其在高速铁路技术方面的领先地位。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
130.考查名词的数。句意:其他几个候选城市也被考虑过。可数名词candidate由Several other修饰,应用复数形式。故填candidates。
(2024·福建·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the biggest themes at this year’s CES tech show was electric and autonomous transportation — cars, trucks, bikes, boats. And, it turns out, tractors.
Farm-equipment giant Deere showed a new autonomous tractor with 131 attached tillage (耕作) tool at CES. For those not familiar 132 farm life, Julian Sanchez, Deere’s director of emerging technologies, says that tillage is an 133 (importance), time-consuming, and tiring process of preparing the soil for next season s planting. If you don’t do it fast, the ground could freeze. And 134 (effective) tilling means some seeds won’t take and yield (产量) 135 (drop).
While automatic driving has been on tractors for several 136 (year ), Deere’s autonomous tractor can operate without. a driver in the cab. The tractor can detect obstacles 137 might damage the attached tiller. And, he says, it can run around the clock, saving time and labor, and improving productivity by as much as 20%.
If the tilling is too shallow, you don’t break up the straw too deep, and the tractor moves too 138 (slow), increasing fuel costs. This system includes six cameras to detect holes, rocks, or other materials, 139 (inform) the farmer when an issue needs to be addressed. Eventually. Deere expects 140 (add) other tasks to the autonomous tractor.
【答案】
131.an 132.with 133.important 134.ineffective 135.will drop 136.years 137.that/which 138.slowly 139.informing 140.to add
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了今年CES科技展上的无人驾驶的拖拉机。
131.考查冠词。句意:农业设备巨头迪尔公司(Deere)在CES上展示了一款带有耕作工具的新型自动拖拉机。一个附带的耕作工具。此处修饰单数可数名词 tool表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且 attached为元音音素开头,故填an。
132.考查介词。句意:对于那些不熟悉农场生活的人,迪尔公司新兴技术主管朱利安·桑切斯(Julian Sanchez)说,耕作是一个重要、耗时、累人的过程,它为下一季的种植准备了土壤。固定短语be familiar with“对于……熟悉”。故填with。
133.考查形容词。句意:迪尔公司新兴技术主管朱利安·桑切斯(Julian Sanchez)说,为下一季的种植准备土壤,耕作是一个重要、耗时、累人的过程。设空处修饰名词process,设空处应用形容词形式,修饰名词。故填important。
134.考查形容词。句意:无效耕作意味着一些种子无法收获,产量将下降。根据后文“some seeds won’t take and yield (产量) 5 (drop)”可知,设空处指的是无效耕作,设空处后为名词,设空处应为形容词,修饰名词,故填ineffective。
135.考查时态。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作谓语,and是并列连词,前后时态一般保持一致,根据and前面 won't take 的提示可知,设空处为一般将来时。故填will drop。
136.考查名词复数。句意:虽然拖拉机上的自动驾驶技术已经存在好几年了,但迪尔公司的自动驾驶拖拉机可以在没有司机的情况下运行。空前面 several一些,后跟可数名词复数,故此空需用复数形式。故填years。
137.考查定语从句。句意:拖拉机能探测到可能损坏所附分蘖的障碍物。根据句子结构可知,设空处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是obstacles,指物,作从句的主语,应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
138.考查副词。句意:如果耕田太浅,就不能把稻草割得太深,而且拖拉机的速度太慢,会增加燃料费用。设空处应用副词,修饰谓语动词。故填slowly。
139.考查非谓语动词。句意:该系统包括六个摄像头,用于探测洞、岩石或其他材料,当需要解决问题时通知农民。空格处所填单词与主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填informing。
140.考查非谓语动词。句意:该系统包括六个摄像头,用于探测洞、岩石或其他材料,当需要解决问题时通知农民。固定搭配expect sb to do sth“期待着做某事”。故填to add。
(2024·重庆·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China speed is amazing the world. While other countries are struggling to make high-speed railway a 141 (real), the China Railway Corporation has been busying itself in laying down over 25,000 km of high-speed tracks over the past ten years — accounting for roughly two 142 (three) of the world’s total length of high-speed rail lines.
Up to now, China 143 (build) the largest high-speed rail network worldwide. The impacts go well beyond the railway sector. It also includes changed patterns of urban development, increases in tourism, and growth of regional economy. To boost regional integration and economic growth, plans for high-speed maglev (磁悬浮) lines with trains 144 (travel) at a speed of 600 kph or more are taking shape in more Chinese cities.
“China started operating 145 (it) first maglev railway more than a decade ago. 146 , for lack of critical technologies at that time, we only concentrated on conventional high-speed rail,” said Sun Zhang, 147 is a leading railway specialist. But the research team, 148 (lead) by him, tried their best to learn advanced technologies from foreign countries and eventually developed our own innovations.
There is no denying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and 149 ( rely) , especially during “Chunyun”, 150 annual test on the China's transportation system. Thanks to “China speed”, people can go back home for reunions with families and friends in time.
【答案】
141.reality 142.thirds 143.has built 144.travelling/traveling 145.its 146.However/Nevertheless 147.who 148.led 149.reliable 150.an
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国高速铁路的快速发展,带动了城市,经济和旅游业的发展,为人们提供了更多的便利。
141.考查名词。句意:其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时,中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知,冠词修饰单数可数名词,故填reality。
142.考查数词。句意:其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时,中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知,设空处应该是分数的分母,分数的表达为分子是基数词,分母是序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用复数,故填thirds。
143.考查动词时态。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建设了全球最大的高速铁路网。分句句子可知,build是谓语动词,由时间状语Up to now可知,用现在完成时,主语China是第三人称单数,故填has built。
144.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了促进区域一体化和经济增长,时速600公里或以上的高速磁浮线路计划正在中国更多城市形成。 分析句子可知, 谓语动词是“are taking shape”,故travel用非谓语动词形式作定语修饰trains,trains与travel之间是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故填travelling/traveling。
145.考查代词。句意:十多年前,中国开始运营它的首条磁悬浮铁路。修饰名词railway用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
146.考查副词。句意:然而,由于当时缺乏关键技术,我们只专注于传统高速铁路,铁路专家孙章说。根据句意,此处与上文是转折关系,且由逗号与主句隔开,故填However## Nevertheless。
147.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知,“ 7 is a leading railway specialist”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Sun Zhang,设空处为引导词,在从句中做主语,指人,引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词who,故填who。
148.考查过去分词。句意:但是他领导的研究团队,尽他们最大的努力从国外学习先进的技术,最终开发出我们自己的创新。分析句子可知,设空处修饰the research team作定语,和被修饰语the research team之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填led。
149.考查形容词。句意:不可否认,所有这些成就都使我们的旅行变得方便和可靠,特别是在“春运”期间,这是中国交通系统的一次年度测试。分析句子可知,设空处和convenient并列为宾语补足语,应用形容词,故填reliable。
150.考查冠词。句意:同上。分析句子可知,设空处修饰名词,并且前面有形容词,应用冠词,根据句意,此处泛指“一次年度测试”,且设空后的词annual以元音因素开头,故填an。
(2024·全国·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s grand transportation program will shorten the distance and make the world smaller.
The program is the “Global 1-2-3 Logistics Circle,” and 151 (it) aim is for one-day domestic delivery of goods in China, two-day delivery from neighboring countries, and three-day delivery to major global cities. The goal 152 (announce) in February, 2021 in guidelines for developing a high-quality and comprehensive transport network over the next 15 years.
“It will lead to a better allocation of global resources as goods can be transported farther and faster with less energy,” Khairy Tourk said 153 (confident), who is a professor of economics at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago.
Developing countries, 154 lie on China’s doorstep, will benefit from the expected 155 (grow), Tourk said. For example, countries like Myanmar and Vietnam are expected to be manufacturing hubs(制造中心) in the near future.
The program will benefit Europe, too, he said, as a large amount of goods 156 (transport) through the China-Europe railway network tend to be 157 relatively high value.
The program will also be 158 (benefit) to Chinese consumers, Tourk said, since they may buy 159 wider variety of overseas products and receive them faster while 160 (pay) less.
“China has laid out a sweeping transportation plan that connects the world together,” Tourk said.
【答案】
151.its 152.was announced 153.confidently 154.which 155.growth 156.transported 157.of 158.beneficial 159.a 160.paying
【分析】本文属于说明文。中国的大交通计划“全球123快货物流圈”将打破距离限制,让世界变得更小。
151.考查代词。句意:该项目是“全球1-2-3物流圈”,其目标是在中国实现国内一天发货,邻国两天发货,全球主要城市三天发货。本空后面是名词aim,根据句意,这里用it的形容词性物主代词,表示“它的”。故填its。
152.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这一目标是2021年2月在未来15年建设高质量综合交通网络的指导方针中宣布的。根据句子结构可知,这里的announce作谓语动词使用,句子主语The goal是单数第三人称,和谓语动词announce之间是被动关系,且本句有表过去的时间状语in February, 2021,所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was announced。
153.考查副词。句意:Khairy自信地说。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里用副词修饰动词,表示“充满信心地说到”,所给词confident是形容词,其副词是confidently。故填confidently。
154.考查定语从句。句意:Tourk说,与中国毗邻的发展中国家将从预期的增长中受益。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是countries,指物。故填which。
155.考查名词。句意:Tourk说,与中国毗邻的发展中国家将从预期的增长中受益。本空前面有冠词the,expected作形容词用,因此这里填名词,被the expected修饰,表示“预期的增长”,动词grow的名词是growth。故填growth。
156.考查过去分词。句意:他说,该项目也将使欧洲受益,因为通过中欧铁路网运输的大量货物往往价值相对较高。本句是as引导的原因状语从句,谓语是tend,因此这里的transport应作非谓语动词使用,goods是被运输,因此这里应用过去分词作定语。故填transported。
157.考查介词。句意:他说,该项目也将使欧洲受益,因为通过中欧铁路网运输的大量货物往往价值相对较高。本空后面是名词high value,再结合句意可知,这里是“of +抽象名词”结构,表示“价值高”。故填of。
158.考查形容词。句意:Tourk表示,该计划也将有利于中国消费者,因为他们可以购买更多种类的海外产品,更快地收到产品,同时花费更少。本空谓语是be动词,且后面是介宾结构to sb.,因此本空应填形容词。短语be beneficial to…表示“对……有利”。故填beneficial。
159.考查冠词。句意:Tourk表示,该计划也将有利于中国消费者,因为他们可以购买更多种类的海外产品,更快地收到产品,同时花费更少。a variety of表示“多种多样”,是固定短语。故填a。
160.考查非谓语动词。句意:Tourk表示,该计划也将有利于中国消费者,因为他们可以购买更多种类的海外产品,更快地收到产品,同时花费更少。分析句子结构可知,该从句的主语是they(Chinese consumers),pay这个动作由they发出,因此本空应用现在分词,并在本句中与while引导的句子一起作时间状语。因为句子省略了主语they,所以不能填写谓语动词,因为故填paying。
(2024·河北·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many westerners, the cycle rickshaw (人力车) is a 161 (represent) form of transport in Asian, which in fact, most Asian cities have long since abandoned. But in Bangla- desh the cycle rickshaw is as popular as ever in the capital, Dhaka, rickshaws can 162 (see) in every street. Dhaka’s government, however, is pushing ahead with a series of new measures to ban rickshaws.
“Dhaka has a traffic problem,” explains the mayor of the northern half of the city. “It is one of the world’s most densely populated 163 (city), and most crowded, which means being caught in traffic jam 164 (be) common. ”Nearly three hours (working hours) 165 (estimate) by the World Bank is lost each day, at a cost of billions of dollars each year.
For the city’s rickshaw-drivers such concerns seem beside the point. “What am I supposed to do?” asks Abdul Mubin, a 32-year-old driver. “I have mouths 166 (feed).” He and thousands of other rickshaw-drivers go on strike 167 the planned ban. The drivers are not the only ones with reason to worry. There are a great number of Dhaka’s passengers, 168 rely on rickshaws more than any other form of transport. The city has only 8,000 public buses for its 18 million people. 169 (bad) still, these buses do not follow any timetable and the drivers are often not lawful.
Next year, the city will ban rickshaws on three main roads. All of Dhaka will be “rickshaw- free” within two years. “Buses will soon be managed,” 170 official promises. “And the routes will be able to provide ‘smooth service’”.
【答案】
161.representative 162.be seen 163.cities 164.is 165.estimated 166.to feed 167.against 168.who 169.Worse 170.An
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了孟加拉国的交通工具——黄包车的现状。
161.考查形容词。句意:对许多西方人来说,黄包车是亚洲交通的一种代表性形式,事实上,大多数亚洲城市早就放弃了。黄包车在亚洲是一种很典型的交通方式,此处需要用形容词形式作定语,修饰form。故填representative。
162.考查被动语态。句意:但是在孟加拉国,黄包车是一如既往的流行在首都达卡受欢迎,在每一条街道都可以看到人力车。在孟加拉国的首都Dhaka的每一条街道都可以看到黄包车, 黄包车是被看见,主语richshaws与谓语动词see是被动关系,此处需要用动词的被动语态,空格前有情态动词。故填be seen。
163.考查名词复数。句意:它是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一。名词前面有one of the +名词复数,表示“……之一”,此处city用复数。故填cities。
164.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:它是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一,也是最拥挤的城市之一,这意味着陷入交通堵塞是常见的。描述现在的情况用一般现在时,主语动名词短语“being caught in traffic jam”,谓语动词用单数,故用is。
165.考查非谓语动词。句意:世界银行估计每天损失近三个小时(工作时间),每年损失数十亿美元。分析可知,谓语动词是is lost,故estimate用非谓语动词形式作定语,修饰主语“Nearly three hours”,二者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填estimated。
166.考查非谓语动词。句意:我有数张嘴要喂养。have sth. to do有某事要做,to do不定式做宾补。故填to feed。
167.考查介词。句意:他和上千名黄包车司机进行了罢工,反对计划于七月份实施的那个禁令。根据句意,此处使用介词against表示反对。故填against。
168.考查定语从句。句意:达卡有大量的乘客,比任何其他形式的运输更依赖人力车。因前句有逗号且先行词为人,应用who引导。故填who。
169.考查固定搭配。句意:更糟糕的是,这些公共汽车不遵循任何时间表,司机往往是不合法的。worse still“更糟糕的是”。故填Worse。
170.考查冠词。句意:一名官员许诺。根据句意,此处泛指“一名官员”,应用不定冠词,且official以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。
(2024·河北·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing Daxing International Airport, which catches the world's attention, has already been put into operation. It 171 (shape) like a phoenix (凤凰) and it has four main runways at the new airport—three vertical and one horizontal, 172 helps shorten flight times and reduce delays. It is the first time that our architects 173 (adopt) such particular pattern in airport construction history. 174 expressways, intercity rails and high-speed rails, passengers can reach Tianjin, Baoding and Tangshan in one hour. This has brought much 175 (convenient) to passengers.
China Eastern Airline Flight MU535 marked 176 beginning of the China's new transport hub ( 枢纽). China Eastern Airline is one of the 15 companies currently 177 (operate) at the new airport. The airport will operate 116 routes 178 (global) around the end of this year.
The airport is working with customs to make security checks 179 (easy) and more efficient. Passengers on international flights don't need to have their carry -on luggage 180 (check) again after they go through the security gate.
【答案】
171.is shaped 172.which 173.have adopted 174.Through 175.convenience 176.the 177.operating 178.globally 179.easier 180.checked
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。北京大兴国际机场已经正式投入使用。它有特殊的跑道设置,能减少飞行时间与飞机延迟。目前已经有15家航空公司的飞机入住这里,并且机场正在与安检部门合作,让旅客的安检更方便快捷。
171.考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:它的形状像一只凤凰。It与shape之间是被动关系,且“be shaped like…”意为“形状像……”,符合句意。这句话描述的是飞机场的形状,应用一般现在时。主语是it,所以be动词用is。故填is shaped。
172.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:新机场有四条主跑道,三条纵向的,一条横向的,这能帮助缩短飞行时间,减少延误。这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为four main runways,指物,故填which。
173.考查现在完成时。句意:在机场建设史上,这是建筑师第一次使用这样的特殊的建设方式。这句话使用的句型是It’s the first time that…have/has done句型。空格前的主语our architects表示复数意义,故填have adopted。
174.考查介词。句意:通过高速公路、城际铁路和高铁,旅客可以在一小时之内到达天津、保定和唐山。这句话强调从北京到这三个地方的交通方式,可以使用介词through。故填Through。
175.考查名词。句意:这给旅客带来了很大的便利。空格位于动词brought后,形容词much后,所以使用名词形式。“convenient(方便的)”的名词形式为convenience,故填convenience。
176.考查定冠词。句意:中国东方航空的航班MU535标志着中国新的交通枢纽的开始。“the beginning of”意为“……的开始”,故填the。
177.考查动名词。句意:中国东方航空是目前在新机场运营的15家航空公司之一。这句话的谓语动词是is,所以空格处填非谓语动词。主语companies与operate之间是主动关系,所以使用现在分词作定语。故填operating。
178.考查副词。句意:在今年年底,机场将有遍及全球的116条航线。空格处单词修饰动词operate,形容航线遍及的范围,所以空格处使用副词。故填globally。
179.考查形容词比较级。句意:航空公司正在与海关合作,使得安检更加简单快捷。and前后连接两个并列的成分,由more efficient可知,空格处也应填形容词比较级。“easy(简单的)”的比较级形式为easier,故填easier。
180.考查过去分词。句意:国际航班上的旅客在通过安全门之后,不需要再将随身携带的行李做安检。这句话的谓语动词为need,所以空格处使用非谓语动词。carry-on luggage与check之间是被动关系,所以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填checked。
(2024·四川凉山·二模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Expected to Achieve 50% NEV Penetration Rate a Decade Ahead of Schedule
Miao Wei, former minister of industry and information technology, said “China’s new energy vehicle development has entered a brand-new stage of comprehensive market 181 (expand), which will drive the NEV penetration rate (占有率) 182 (reach) 50 percent as early as 2025.” In 2020, China set 183 (it) goal that NEVs will become mainstream and account for more than 50 percent of the total ·auto sales by 2035.
Miao 184 (add) that the battery, which is at the heart of NEV, has also made great progress and gained a lead 185 (globe), and highlighted the necessity of commercializing all-solid-state (全固态) batteries for China. The all-solid-state battery is widely accepted as a 186 (promise) solution to address the limitations of 187 (tradition) lithium-ion batteries of NEVs. Miao made the comments on Monday during the founding conference of China All-Solid-State Battery Collaborative Innovation Platform.
At the conference, Ouyang Minggao, an initiator of the platform and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, expected that all-solid-state batteries are a key battleground for next-generation battery technology, 188 are expected to be industrialized by 2030. “ 189 China has gained a global lead in lithium-ion battery, the country still has a long way to go in the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries,” Ouyang said. He appealed 190 more joint efforts to develop such batteries to maintain China’s advantage in batteries on the global stage.
【答案】
181. expansion 182.to reach 183.its 184.added 185.globally 186.promising 187.traditional 188.and/which 189.Although/Though/While 190.to
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了以中国新能源汽车为主题的会议。
181.考查名词。句意:原工业和信息化部部长苗圩表示:“中国的新能源汽车发展已经进入了一个全面市场扩张的全新阶段,这将推动新能源汽车的普及率最早在2025年达到50%。”此处使用名词expansion“扩张”,作of的宾语。故填expansion。
182.考查非谓语动词。句意:原工业和信息化部部长苗圩表示:“中国的新能源汽车发展已经进入了一个全面市场扩张的全新阶段,这将推动新能源汽车的普及率最早在2025年达到50%。”本句谓语动词为drive,此处为不定式形式作宾语补足语,drive somebody to do something(驱使某人做某事)。故填to reach。
183.考查代词。句意:2020年,中国设定了新能源汽车将成为主流的目标,到2035年,新能源汽车将占汽车总销量的50%以上。此处使用形容词性物主代词its“它的”,作定语,修饰goal。故填its。
184.考查时态。句意:苗补充说,电池作为新能源汽车的核心,也取得了很大的进步,在全球范围内取得了领先地位,并强调了中国将全固态电池商业化的必要性。根据语境可知“补充说”发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,用add“补充说”的过去式。故填added。
185.考查副词。句意:苗补充说,电池作为新能源汽车的核心,也取得了很大的进步,在全球范围内取得了领先地位,并强调了中国将全固态电池商业化的必要性。此处使用副词globally“全球地”,作状语。故填globally。
186.考查形容词。句意:全固态电池被广泛认为是解决新能源汽车传统锂离子电池局限性的一种有前途的解决方案。此处使用形容词promising“有希望的,有前途的”,作定语,修饰solution。故填promising。
187.考查形容词。句意:全固态电池被广泛认为是解决新能源汽车传统锂离子电池局限性的一种有前途的解决方案。此处使用形容词traditional“传统的”,作定语,修饰lithium-ion batteries。故填traditional。
188.考查定语从句或连词。句意:在会议上,该平台的发起人之一、中国科学院院士欧阳明高预计,全固态电池是下一代电池技术的关键战场,预计到2030年将实现产业化。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是all-solid-state batteries,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。也可以理解为,空格处用连词and连接前后两部分并列的谓语。故填and或which。
189.考查让步状语从句。句意:“尽管中国在锂离子电池方面已经取得了全球领先地位,但在全固态电池的商业化方面,中国还有很长的路要走,”欧阳说。前后句意存在转折关系,应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
190.考查固定短语。句意:他呼吁双方共同努力开发这类电池,以保持中国在全球电池领域的优势。此处使用介词to,appeal to“呼吁”,为固定短语。故填to。
(2024·宁夏银川·三模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to now, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by a Chinese university team has obtained abundant data during the country's latest Arctic expedition, 191 (reveal) various features beneath the North Pole.
The red, fish-shaped robot called “XH1000” was made by researchers from Harbin Engineering University. During the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition 192 concluded in late September, it 193 (complete) under-ice environment detection operations near the Chukchi Sea and relayed plenty of data, including ocean water temperature, salinity and pH levels. 194 (equip) with domestically developed detection sonar (声呐), the polar-observing AUV explored an area of 7, 000 square meters beneath the Arctic ice.
Operation team leader Zhu Zhongben, 195 associate professor, said the 196 (inform) gathered will help scientists improve their understanding of the changing process of sea-ice and ocean currents in this region, providing data support for 197 (effective) coping with the impact of global climate change 198 China.
Chinese scientists set off for the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition on July 12 aboard the polar icebreaker Xuelong 2, travelling 15, 000 nautical miles before returning. It reached the North Pole on Sept. 5, generating 199 (value) experience for robotic ships 200 (work) in the high risk polar areas and filling the gap in the country's scientific research on the polar region.
【答案】
191.revealing 192.that/which 193.completed 194.Equipped 195.an 196.information 197.effectively 198.on 199.valuable 200.to work
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了到目前为止,由中国大学团队开发的自主水下航行器(AUV)在该国最近的北极考察中获得了丰富的数据,揭示了北极下的各种特征。
191.考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,由中国大学团队开发的自主水下航行器(AUV)在该国最近的北极考察中获得了丰富的数据,揭示了北极下的各种特征。分析句子结构可知reveal与data构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填revealing。
192.考查定语从句。句意:在9月下旬结束的第13次北冰洋科学考察中,它在楚科奇海附近完成了冰下环境探测作业,并传回了大量数据,包括海水温度、盐度和pH值。定语从句修饰先行词the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition,在从句作主语,指物,故填that/which。
193.考查时态。句意:在9月下旬结束的第13次北冰洋科学考察中,它在楚科奇海附近完成了冰下环境探测作业,并传回了大量数据,包括海水温度、盐度和pH值。根据上文in late September可知为一般过去时。故填completed。
194.考查非谓语动词。句意:配备了国产探测声纳,极地观测AUV探测了北极冰层下7000平方米的区域。短语be equipped with表示“配备”,过去分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Equipped。
195.考查冠词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。此处professor为泛指,且associate是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
196.考查名词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。作从句的主语,应用名词information,不可数。故填information。
197.考查副词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。修饰动词cope应用副词effectively,故填effectively。
198.考查介词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。短语impact on表示“对……的影响”。故填on。
199.考查形容词。句意:它于9月5日抵达北极,为机器人船在高风险的极地地区工作提供了宝贵的经验,填补了我国在极地科学研究方面的空白。修饰名词experience应用形容词valuable,故填valuable。
200.考查非谓语动词。句意:它于9月5日抵达北极,为机器人船在高风险的极地地区工作提供了宝贵的经验,填补了我国在极地科学研究方面的空白。此处work在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to work。
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2025届高考英语语法填空分类通关练
(高考真题+名校模拟+外刊原创)
专题16交通运输主题语法填空20篇 解析版
(新能源汽车+无人机送餐+磁悬浮子弹列车+无人驾驶的拖拉机+自主水下航行器)
(2024·湖南邵阳·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese new energy vehicle companies, including battery and car makers, are entering Germany with innovations, 1 German car expert said this Friday. Key battery manufacturers in China are now building battery cell factories with large investments in Germany, thus 2 (bring) technology to the country. “China is helping Germany to carry out climate-friendly strategies more 3 (rapid),” said Ferdinand Dudenhoeffer, director of CAR Center Automotive Research Duisburg.
Germany’s government is aiming 4 (have) 15 million pure electric cars on the road by 2030. In the meanwhile, carmakers like NIO or BYD will bring their products and service to Europe. On Friday at its European launch event in Berlin, NIO prepared three new models 5 customers in Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden.
Earlier this week, German car rental company and mobility service provider Sixt made an announcement and 6 (reveal) its plans to order 100,000 electric vehicles from China’s: YD over the next six years. Up to now, Sixt 7 (order) several thousand pure electric vehicles from BYD.The first vehicles would be available to Europe, starting with Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, in the 8 (four) quarter of 2022, according to the company.
“It is good for the exchange between Germany and China, through 9 we cooperate with technology-driven Chinese new energy companies. It helps us learn how 10 (advance) Chinese technology is and it encourages further exchange,” Dudenhoeffer said.
【答案】
1.a 2.bringing 3.rapidly 4.to have 5.for 6.revealed 7.has ordered 8.fourth 9.which 10.advanced
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的新能源汽车正在进入德国的汽车市场。
1.考查冠词。句意:本周五,一位德国汽车专家表示,包括电池和汽车制造商在内的中国新能源汽车公司正带着创新进入德国。分析句子可知,此处是泛指,表示“一位德国汽车专家”,空处应用不定冠词,且German以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:目前,中国的主要电池制造商正在德国大举投资建设电池工厂,从而将技术引入德国。分析句子可知,空处作结果状语,空前有thus,空处是随着谓语动词的发生而自然产生的结果,应用bring的现在分词形式bringing。故填bringing。
3.考查副词。句意:中国正在帮助德国更快地实施气候友好战略。分析句子可知,空处修饰动词carry out,空前有more,表示“更快地”,应用rapid的副词形式原级rapidly。故填rapidly。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:德国政府的目标是到2030年拥有1500万辆纯电动汽车。根据“aiming”可推知,此处用固定短语aim to do sth.,意为“目标是,旨在”,空处应用have的不定式形式to have。故填to have。
5.考查介词。句意:周五,在柏林举行的欧洲发布会上,蔚来汽车为德国、荷兰、丹麦和瑞典的客户准备了三款新车型。根据“prepared three new models”和“customers”可推知,此处用固定短语prepare sth. for sb.,意为“为……提供……”,空处应用介词for。故填for。
6.考查时态。句意:本周早些时候,德国汽车租赁公司和出行服务提供商Sixt宣布,计划在未来六年内从中国比亚迪订购10万辆电动汽车。分析句子可知,空处作谓语,时间状语为Earlier this week,时态用一般过去时,应用reveal的过去式revealed。故填revealed。
7.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:截至目前,Sixt已向比亚迪订购了数千辆纯电动汽车。分析句子可知,空处作谓语,时间状语为Up to now,时态用现在完成时,主语Sixt是单数,助动词用has。故填has ordered。
8.考查序数词。句意:据该公司称,首批汽车将于2022年第四季度在欧洲上市,首先在德国、法国、荷兰和英国上市。根据“the”可推知,此处表示“第四季度”,空处应用four的序数词形式fourth。故填fourth。
9.考查定语从句。句意:这有利于中德两国之间的交流,通过这种交流,我们可以与技术驱动的中国新能源公司合作。分析句子可知,此处用“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词the exchange between Germany and China指物,空处应用关系代词which。故填which。
10.考查形容词。句意:这有助于我们了解中国技术的先进程度,并鼓励进一步的交流。分析句子可知,空处作is的表语,应用advance的形容词形式advanced,意为“先进的”。故填advanced。
(2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is now the world’s biggest electric vehicle market, with nearly 1.29 million electric vehicles (EVs) 11 (sell) in 2020 alone, accounting 12 40.5 percent of global sales (3.17 million) last year, and a 13 (grow) of 8.3 percent year-on-year, according to data from the International Energy Agency.
“ The EV firms have grown 14 (dramatic) in a short period of time ,and the acquisition of some struggling Western automaker brands further 15 (prove) China’s success, ” said Gavin Harper, a researcher from the Faraday Institution at the University of Birmingham. “ In doing so, they have also had the foresight 16 (plan) in advance for this transition and secure the critical raw materials and the supply chain required for Chinese industry. ”
Emissions over the lifetime of battery electric vehicles are 19-34 percent lower than 17 of comparable gasoline vehicles, estimated by the International Council for Clean Transportation based on a life-cycle assessment. “ As China’s power sector continues to decarbonize, switching to EVs will play 18 increasingly important role in helping the country to achieve 19 (it) 2030 / 2060 climate goals, ” said Xie Chunping, policy fellow at the London School of Economics and Political Science. “ As technology advances, reducing the carbon emissions of EV manufacturing will 20 (consider) in the years to come, ” said Harper.
【答案】
11.sold 12.for 13.growth 14.dramatically 15.proves 16.to plan 17.those 18.an 19.its 20.be considered
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场。
11.考查非谓语。句意:根据国际能源署的数据,中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场,仅在2020年就售出了近129万辆电动汽车,占去年全球销量(317万辆)的40.5%,同比增长8.3%。分析句子可知,此处考查“with+名词+非谓语”结构,EVs和sell为动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填sold。
12.考查介词。句意:根据国际能源署的数据,中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场,仅在2020年就售出了近129万辆电动汽车,占去年全球销量(317万辆)的40.5%,同比增长8.3%。account for是固定用法,意为“占”。故填for。
13.考查名词。句意:根据国际能源署的数据,中国目前是全球最大的电动汽车市场,仅在2020年就售出了近129万辆电动汽车,占去年全球销量(317万辆)的40.5%,同比增长8.3%。分析句子可知,设空前有不定冠词,需填名词形式。故填growth。
14.考查副词。句意:电动汽车公司在短时间内大幅增长,收购一些苦苦挣扎的西方汽车制造商品牌进一步证明了中国的成功。分析句子可知,此处应用dramatic的副词dramatically修饰have grown。故填dramatically。
15.考查动词时态。句意:电动汽车公司在短时间内大幅增长,收购一些苦苦挣扎的西方汽车制造商品牌进一步证明了中国的成功。分析句子可知,本句的主语是acquisition,意为“收购”,是不可数名词。根据句意可知,此句用一般现在时。故填proves。
16.考查非谓语动词。句意:他们这么做也有先见之明,提前计划这一过渡,并确保中国工业所需的关键原材料和供应链的安全。have sth. to do是习惯性用法,意为“有某事要做”。故填to plan。
17.考查代词。句意:根据国际清洁运输理事会基于生命周期评估的估计,电池电动汽车在使用寿命内的排放量比汽油汽车低19-34%。根据句意可知,此句把电动汽车和油车的排放量作对比,故用those指代排放量。故填those。
18.考查冠词。句意:随着中国电力行业不断脱碳,转向电动汽车将在帮助国家实现2030/2060年气候目标方面发挥越来越重要的作用。play a role in是固定用法,意为“在……方面扮演什么角色”。role前面有increasingly important修饰,且increasingly以元音发音开头,需填an。故填an。
19.考查代词。句意:随着中国电力行业不断脱碳,转向电动汽车将在帮助国家实现2030/2060年的气候目标方面发挥越来越重要的作用。根据句意“帮助国家实现2030/2060年的气候目标”可知,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
20.考查动词语态。句意:随着技术的进步,未来几年将考虑减少电动汽车制造业的碳排放。分析句子可知,主语reducing the carbon emissions of EV manufacturing和谓语consider是动宾关系,需用被动语态,由前面的will可知,应用be considered。故填be considered。
(2024·湖北荆州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A freight (货运) train loaded with grain from Kazakhstan arrived in Zhangjiakou on Dec 13. It came after a journey 21 passed through the Horgos railway port in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.
It was the first freight train from overseas 22 (arrive) in Zhangjiakou after the launch of the China-Europe (Central Asia) route at the end of August, and took 10 days to travel more than 4, 000 kilometers.
The government said the train’s arrival represented the 23 (office) opening of the Zhangjiakou section of the route in both directions, enabling two-way trade and establishing an important 24 (found) for the development of Zhangjiakou as a multimodal transportation. It also marked 25 significant step forward in constructing a comprehensive international trade corridor in Zhangjiakou, enhancing its level of openness 26 expanding the logistics network around Beijing.
The name of the trains, “Jingzhang”, 27 (combine) characters representing the cities of Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The train to depart from Zhangjiakou left the freight railway station in Xiahuayuan district on Aug 29, carrying 59 containers with 1, 322 tons of goods.
As the train network continues to expand, more cities in Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Langfang and Zhangjiakou 28 (include), are joining the cross-border railway transportation system. Zhangjiakou 29 (become) part of a comprehensive international trade corridor following the opening of the railway route 30 Europe and Central Asia.
【答案】
21.which/that 22.to arrive/to have arrived 23.official 24.foundation 25.a 26.and 27.combines 28.included 29.is becoming 30.to
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了哈萨克斯坦至张家口首趟货运列车抵达张家口的消息,标志着张家口至欧洲中亚方向铁路货运通道的双向开通,为张家口发展多式联运奠定重要基础,也标志着张家口构建全面对外开放大通道迈出重要一步。
21.考查定语从句。句意:这是在经过中国西北部新疆维吾尔自治区霍尔果斯铁路港口的旅程之后发生的。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词journey是物,因此空格处用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
22.考查不定式和完成时。句意:这是自8月底中欧(中亚)线路开通以来,首列抵达张家口的海外货运列车,历时10天,行驶了4000多公里。freight train from overseas前面有序数词the first修饰,空格处用不定式作后置定语,海外货运列车可以理解为已经到达张家口,因此空格处用不定式或不定式的完成式to have done,故填to arrive/to have arrived。
23.考查形容词。句意:政府表示,这列火车的到来标志着该线路张家口段的双向正式开通,实现了双向贸易,为张家口作为多式联运城市的发展奠定了重要基础。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词opening,office的形容词是official,意为“正式的”,故填official。
24.考查名词。句意:政府表示,这列火车的到来标志着该线路张家口段的双向正式开通,实现了双向贸易,为张家口作为多式联运城市的发展奠定了重要基础。important修饰名词,此处表示“为张家口作为多式联运城市的发展奠定了重要基础”,空格处意为“基础”,名词是foundation,空前有an,空格处用单数,故填foundation。
25.考查冠词。句意:这也标志着在张家口建设综合国际贸易走廊,提高其开放水平,扩大环京物流网络迈出了重要一步。step是可数名词的单数形式,表泛指,前面要加不定冠词,significant是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a,故填a。
26.考查连词。句意:这也标志着在张家口建设综合国际贸易走廊,提高其开放水平,扩大环京物流网络迈出了重要一步。constructing a comprehensive international trade corridor in Zhangjiakou, enhancing its level of openness和expanding the logistics network around Beijing之间是并列关系,句子是肯定句,因此空格处用and,故填and。
27.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:列车的名字“京张”结合了代表北京和张家口两个城市的汉字。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语name是单数,因此空格处用第三人称单数,故填combines。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:随着铁路网络的不断扩大,包括河北、石家庄、邯郸、廊坊和张家口在内的更多城市正在加入跨境铁路运输系统。句中谓语是are joining,空格处用非谓语动词,Shijiazhuang, Handan, Langfang and Zhangjiakou和include之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填included。
29.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:随着通往欧洲和中亚的铁路线路的开通,张家口正在成为一个综合性国际贸易走廊的一部分。根据语境可知,句子表示“随着通往欧洲和中亚的铁路线路的开通,张家口正在成为一个综合性国际贸易走廊的一部分”,空格处用现在进行时,主语Zhangjiakou是一个地方,因此空格处用is becoming。故填is becoming。
30.考查介词。句意:随着通往欧洲和中亚的铁路线路的开通,张家口正在成为一个综合性国际贸易走廊的一部分。the route to是固定用法,意为“通往……的路线”,因此空格处用介词to,故填to。
(2024·陕西西安·一模)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China has the longest railway in service and the largest scale of railway under 31 (construct). By the end of 2017, China 32 (build) a length of 25, 000 kilometers railway for high-speed trains, accounting for 60percent of the total length of the world.
China is now playing a 33 (lead) role in the technology of high-speed trains in the world. The country has constructed a large number of railways that suit 34 (vary) special climate environments, complex geological conditions and meet different transporting needs. It is said that the system of Driverless Train Operation is being tried 35 the help of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System.
China is willing 36 (share) its experience with the world. As is 37 (common) known, the country has exported a lot of railway equipment to the countries such as Turkey, Indonesia, Russia, Brazil, Thailand. Many overseas railway projects are going well, 38 has made China more popular all over the world. China is able to export 39 full range of railway technology to other countries.
Now, 40 (base) on the initiatives of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st- Century Maritime Silk Road, China is planning to export even more high-speed trains and rail- way technology to countries along the routes of the Belt and Road.
【答案】
31.construction 32.had built 33.leading 34.various/varied 35.with 36.to share 37.commonly 38.which 39.a 40.based
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述中国的铁路技术发展飞快,并且同世界分享经验。
31.考查名词。句意:中国拥有世界上运营铁路最长、在建铁路规模最大的国家。设空处为名词作宾语,故填construction。
32.考查时态。句意:截至2017年底,中国已建成2.5万公里高铁铁路,占世界总长度的60%。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语By the end of 2017可知是过去完成时,故填had built。
33.考查形容词。句意:中国现在在高铁技术方面处于世界领先地位。设空处修饰名词role作定语,应用形容词,故填leading。
34.考查形容词。句意:国家建设了大量适应各种特殊气候环境、复杂地质条件、满足不同运输需求的铁路。设空处修饰名词climate environments作定语,应用形容词形式,故填various/varied。
35.考查固定短语。句意:据悉,无人驾驶列车运行系统正在北斗卫星导航系统的帮助下进行试验。短语with the help of,意为“在……的帮助下”,符合句意,故填with。
36.考查固定搭配。句意:中国愿与世界分享中国经验。短语be willing to do,意为“愿意做某事”,根据提示词,故填to share。
37.考查副词。句意:众所周知,我国向土耳其、印度尼西亚、俄罗斯、巴西、泰国等国家出口了大量的铁路设备。设空处修饰谓语动词,应用副词作状语,故填commonly。
38.考查定语从句。句意:许多海外铁路项目进展顺利,这让中国在世界范围内更受欢迎。分析可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代上文整个句子,关系代词在从句中做主语,故填which。
39.考查冠词。句意:中国能够向其他国家出口全方位的铁路技术。短语a full range of,意为“全方位的”,符合句意,故填a。
40.考查过去分词。句意:现在,基于丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的倡议,中国计划向“一带一路”沿线国家出口更多的高铁和铁路技术。分析可知,设空处为非谓语动词,和主语之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语,故填based。
(2024·上海崇明·二模)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Delivering Food by Drone
A Singapore restaurant plans to use drones (遥控飞机) to transport food and drinks from the kitchen to a wait station near customers’ tables.
Infinium Robotics, the Singapore company that’s developing the drones for restaurant chain Timbre, has spent the past two weeks testing the technology at the restaurant before it opens each night 41 business and hopes to have it in place by the end of the year.
But how does the drone know where to hover (盘旋)? What if someone bumps into the drone or is standing in its way? “There’s no chance at all 42 it will hit anything,” says Infinium Robotics chief executive Junyang Woon.
The drones automatically charge while 43 (wait) in the kitchen. 44 the chef puts an order on the drone, he hits a button on a keypad and the drone automatically flies to one of two wait stations. Sense-and-avoid technology 45 (build) into the drone won’t allow it to land at the wait station if anything is in its way. The drones are equipped with sonar (声呐系统) and an infrared sensor (红外线传感器), too.
A waiter then removes the food or drink from the drone and hits a button 46 sends it back to the kitchen. The drones, weighing a little over five pounds, 47 carry just over four pounds of food. Infinium Robotics is working on a model that will carry twice as 48 (much) food.
“Its job is to help the waiters to reduce some of their boring tasks,” Woon said. “If they let the robots 49 (do) the job, they can concentrate on interacting with customers to bring about higher customer satisfaction and dining experience.”
Since it drew recent media attention, Woon 50 (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States.
【答案】
41.for 42.that 43.waiting 44.After 45.built 46.that/which 47.can 48.much 49.do 50.has heard
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了新加坡Infinium Robotics公司正在为连锁餐厅Timbre开发用于送餐的无人机。
41.考查介词。句意:新加坡公司Infinium Robotics正在为连锁餐厅Timbre开发无人机。过去两周,Infinium Robotics在餐厅每晚营业前对这项技术进行了测试,希望能在今年年底前投入使用。设空处没有任何提示词,根据语法填空题的特点可知,这类空一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。再给句意与前面谓语动词opens可判定此处是短语“open for business”(开业)。故填for。
42.考查同位语从句。句意:Infinium Robotics首席执行官Junyang Woon表示:“它完全不可能击中任何东西。” 设空处没有任何提示词,根据语法填空题的特点可知,这类空一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。分析句子结构可知此处应填入连词连接前后两个句子,再结合句意可知chance与it will hit anything之前是互为解释的同位语关系,因此用同位语从句引导词that。故填that。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:无人机在厨房等待时自动充电。当状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致且从句中有be动词的某种形式时,可省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。本句中while引导的时间状语从句,可知原句为the drones are waiting in the kitchen,省略the drones are后保留waiting in the kitchen。故填waiting。
44.考查连词。句意:厨师把菜放在无人机上后,按下键盘上的一个按钮,无人机就会自动飞到两个等候站中的一个。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填入连词连接两个句子,结合句意可确定两句有时间上的先后关系。故填After。
45.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果有任何东西挡住了它的路,无人机内置的感应与避免技术将不允许它在等候站降落。分析成分可知won’t allow是本句谓语动词,build into在句中应使用非谓语动词形式,作后置定语修饰名词technology,又因technology与build into之间有被动关系,因此应使用过去分词。故填built。
46.考查定语从句。句意:然后,服务员将食物或饮料从无人机中取出,按下按钮,无人机就会返回厨房。分析句子结构可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a button;又因先行词在定语从句中作主语,因此应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
47.考查情态动词。句意:这种无人机重5磅多一点,只能携带4磅多一点的食物。设空处没有任何提示词,根据语法填空题的特点可知,这类空一般填冠词、介词、连词或代词。句析句子成分可知,设空位于谓语动词carry之前,可判定应有情态动词,再结句意可知应用情态动词can。故填can。
48.考查形容词。句意:。Infinium Robotics公司正在研发一种可以携带两倍数量食物的机型。形容词much修饰不可数名词food。故填much。
49.考查动词原形。句意:“如果他们让机器人来做这项工作,他们就可以集中精力与顾客互动,为顾客带来更高的满意度和用餐体验。”let…do...(让……做……)为固定搭配,该结构中用动词原形作宾语补足语。故填do。
50.考查谓语动词。句意:自从它最近引起了媒体的关注后,Woon收到了包括美国在内的10个国家的度假村和餐馆的来信。分析句子结构可知hear from是主句谓语动词,又因前面since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时态连用,因此hear from该用现在完成时态。故填has heard。
(2024·辽宁鞍山·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A maglev (磁悬浮) bullet train that can reach speeds of 600 kilometers per hour (373 miles per hour) has made its debut (亮相) in Qingdao, China.
51 (develop) by the state-owned China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation, its considered the world’s 52 (fast) train.
Liang Jianying, deputy general manager and chief engineer of CRRC Sifang, told Chinese state media that in addition to its speed, 53 train emits (排放) low levels of noise pollution and requires less maintenance than other high-speed trains.
A prototype (原型) of the new maglev train 54 (reveal) to media in 2019. That same year, China announced 55 (ambition) plans to create “3-hour transportation circles” between major metropolitan areas.
High-speed rail is a major priority in China, 56 aims to connect more of its large cities by train 57 (reduce) the time and expense required to travel around the world’s most populous country.
58 (current), the average high-speed train in China can run at about 350 kph, while planes fly at 800-900 kph. Trains like the one unveiled in Qingdao this week could fill a critical middle space.
Several new maglev networks are reportedly under 59 (construct), including one linking Shanghai and Hangzhou and 60 connecting Chengdu and Chongqing.
【答案】
51.Developed 52.fastest 53.the 54.was revealed 55.ambitious 56.which 57.to reduce 58.Currently 59.construction 60.another
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国高铁的迅速发展,其中一辆时速可达600公里(373英里)的磁悬浮子弹列车在中国青岛首次亮相,它也被认为是世界上最快的列车。
51.考查非谓语动词。句意:它由国有的中国铁路车辆公司开发,被认为是世界上最快的列车。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。主句主语it与develop之间存在被动关系,用过去分词形式作状语。出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Developed。
52.考查形容词最高级。句意:它由国有的中国铁路车辆公司开发,被认为是世界上最快的列车。根据下文可知,中国高铁的平均时速约为350公里,而这个磁悬浮子弹列车速度达到了600公里,所以这是最快的列车,用形容词最高级形式。故填fastest。
53.考查冠词。句意:中车四方副总经理兼总工程师梁建英对中国官方媒体说,除了速度之外,这种列车产生的噪音污染较低,比其他高铁需要的维护更少。这种列车是再次提到,为特指,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
54.考查时态和语态。句意:2019年,新型磁悬浮列车的原型向媒体披露。根据“in 2019”可知,时态为一般过去时;主语为单数名词prototype,和谓语动词reveal之间存在被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was revealed。
55.考查形容词。句意:同年,中国宣布了在主要都市圈之间建立“3小时交通圈”的宏伟计划。修饰名词plans用形容词形式。故填ambitious。
56.考查定语从句。句意:在中国,高铁是一项重要的优先事项。中国的目标是用火车连接更多的大城市,以减少在世界上人口最多的国家旅行所需的时间和费用。句中先行词为China,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意:在中国,高铁是一项重要的优先事项。中国的目标是用火车连接更多的大城市,以减少在世界上人口最多的国家旅行所需的时间和费用。担当目的状语,用动词不定式。故填to reduce。
58.考查副词。句意:目前,中国高铁的平均时速约为350公里,而飞机的飞行时速为800-900公里。句子的状语用副词形式,出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Currently。
59.考查名词。句意:据报道,几条新的磁悬浮网络正在建设中,其中一条连接上海和杭州,另一条连接成都和重庆。短语:under construction在建设中。故填construction。
60.考查代词。句意:据报道,几条新的磁悬浮网络正在建设中,其中一条连接上海和杭州,另一条连接成都和重庆。根据上文的“Several new maglev networks”可知,有几条新的磁悬浮网络在建。one...another…一个……,另外一个……。故填another。
(2024·重庆·模拟预测)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Changan 61 (sign) a deal last week with the Thai authorities to build a vehicle-producing plant in the Southeast Asian country, as 62 state-owned carmaker speeds up efforts to explore overseas markets, 63 (especial) those involved in the Belt and Road Initiative.
The Chongqing-based carmaker said it will invest 8.8 billion baht (around $240 million) in the production facility, initially 64 (design) to produce 100,000 new energy vehicles a year.
The NEVs to be produced in its Thai plant 65 (sell) in the country and exported to other 66 (market) such as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
Changan is joining the ranks of other major Chinese carmakers including SAIC, Great Wall Motor as well as BYD, 67 have release d plant plans or are already producing vehicles 68 Southeast Asia.
Their local production can boost the local automotive industry and will allow those Chinese carmakers 69 (become) more competitive in the market, said Yahaya Ahmad, technical leader of the ASEAN New Car Assessment Program.
Ahmad said the 70 (popular) of Chinese branded vehicles is growing thanks to their improved quality.
“I would expect Chinese carmakers to be competitive…they can compete in terms of the safety, in terms of the cost, in terms of the quality,” he said.
【答案】
61.signed 62.the 63.especially 64.designed 65.will be sold 66.markets 67.which 68.in 69.to become 70.popularity
【导语】本文是新闻报道。报道了中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署协议,在东南亚国家建立汽车生产厂的消息,并提供了相关的投资细节、生产计划和销售出口信息。
61.考查动词时态。句意:上周,中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署了一项协议,将在该东南亚国家建立一个汽车生产厂,这家国有汽车制造商正在加速探索海外市场,尤其是那些涉及“一带一路”倡议的市场。分析句子结构可知,sign作本句谓语,根据时间状语last week可知,用一般过去时。故填signed。
62.考查冠词。句意:上周,中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署了一项协议,将在该东南亚国家建立一个汽车生产厂,这家国有汽车制造商正在加速探索海外市场,尤其是那些涉及“一带一路”倡议的市场。此处的carmaker代指上文提到的China’s Changan,为特指,前应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
63.考查副词。句意:上周,中国长安汽车与泰国当局签署了一项协议,将在该东南亚国家建立一个汽车生产厂,这家国有汽车制造商正在加速探索海外市场,尤其是那些涉及“一带一路”倡议的市场。空处修饰空后的这个句子,用副词修饰。故填especially。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:这家总部位于重庆的汽车制造商表示,将投资88亿泰铢(约合2.4亿美元)在该生产设施上,最初的设计是每年生产10万辆新能源汽车。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词will invest,所以design用非谓语形式,和逻辑主语facility之间是被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填designed。
65.考查动词时态和语态。句意:在泰国工厂生产的新能源汽车将在泰国销售,并出口到澳大利亚、新西兰和南非等其他市场。分析句子结构可知,sell作本句谓语,和主语The NEVs之间是被动关系,用被动语态,根据句意,应用一般将来时,所以空处填一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be sold。
66.考查名词。句意:在泰国工厂生产的新能源汽车将在泰国销售,并出口到澳大利亚、新西兰和南非等其他市场。market为可数名词,根据空前的other可知,空处应填名词复数形式。故填markets。
67.考查定语从句。句意:长安加入了其他中国主要汽车制造商的行列,包括上汽、长城汽车和比亚迪,这些汽车制造商已经发布了在东南亚建厂的计划,或者已经在生产汽车。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是major Chinese carmakers在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
68.考查介词。句意:长安加入了其他中国主要汽车制造商的行列,包括上汽、长城汽车和比亚迪,这些汽车制造商已经发布了在东南亚建厂的计划,或者已经在生产汽车。表达“在东南亚”应该用介词in。故填in。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意:东盟新车评估项目的技术负责人Yahaya Ahmad说,他们的本地生产可以促进当地的汽车工业,并将使这些中国汽车制造商在市场上更具竞争力。此处是固定搭配:allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to become。
70.考查名词。句意:艾哈迈德说,由于质量的提高,中国品牌的汽车越来越受欢迎。本句是省略that的宾语从句,从句缺少主语,所以空处应填名词作主语,popular的名词形式是popularity。故填popularity。
(2024·广东·一模))阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Imagine a vehicle that can pick you up outside your home, drive to the nearest railway line, and change itself into a train. It may sound like a story from “Thomas the Tank Engine,” 71 that’s exactly what Japan’s DMV Road-Rail buses have been doing since they launched 72 Christmas Day 2021.
With a capacity of 23, the DMV is a diesel-powered (柴油驱动的) bus fitted with a set of retractable (可缩进的) rail wheels 73 can be put in place in about 15 seconds. Lighter than a traditional train, the DMV also consumes less fuel and 74 (be) cheaper to maintain.
75 (advertise) as “the world's first operational dual-mode vehicle,” it is actually the latest in a long series of similar experiments 76 (improve) rural rail services. As far back as the 1930s, similar vehicles 77 the DMV were tested in England and West Germany.
Tokushima government hopes that the DMV buses 78 (become) a tourist draw in their own right. It also believes that the vehicles could also be useful for reaching isolated communities in the event of natural 79 (disaster) such as earthquakes, which can leave sections of roads or railway lines 80 (usable).
【答案】
71.and 72.on 73.that/which 74.is 75.Advertised 76.to improve 77.like 78.will become 79.disasters 80.unusable
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了日本车管所公路铁路巴士被宣传为“世界上第一辆可操作的双模式车辆”,实际上是一系列改善农村铁路服务的类似实验中最新的一个。早在20世纪30年代,类似的车辆就在英国和西德进行了测试。
71.考查连词。句意:它听起来像是《托马斯小火车》中的故事,但这正是日本车管所公路铁路巴士自2021年圣诞节推出以来一直在做的事情。根据语境,此处与上一句为转折关系,故填but。
72.考查时态语态。句意:这听起来像是《托马斯小火车》中的故事,但这正是日本车管所公路铁路巴士自2021年圣诞节推出以来一直在做的事情。介词on用于表示具体的一天,这里指“在2021年的圣诞节”。故填on。
73.考查定语从句。句意:可容纳23人的DMV是一辆柴油动力巴士,配有一组可伸缩的轨道轮,可以在大约15秒内安装到位。定语从句修饰先行词wheels,在从句作主语,指物,故填which/that。
74.考查比较级。句意:DMV比传统的火车更轻,消耗的燃料更少,维护成本也更低。根据上下文,这里描述的是DMV的维护成本,使用一般现在时态,主语是the DMV,第三人称单数,故填is。
75.考查非谓语动词。句意:它被宣传为“世界上第一辆可操作的双模式车辆”,实际上是一系列改善农村铁路服务的类似实验中最新的一个。此处advertise与it构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Advertised。
76.考查非谓语动词。句意:它被宣传为“世界上第一辆可操作的双模式车辆”,实际上是一系列改善农村铁路服务的类似实验中最新的一个。此处表将来的动作,用不定式作后置定语。故填to improve。
77.考查介词。句意:早在20世纪30年代,像DMV的类似的车辆就在英国和西德进行了测试。like在这里意为“像”,比较同类事物。故填like。
78.考查时态。句意:德岛政府希望车辆管理处的巴士能够凭借自己的能力吸引游客。从句表示将来的动作用一般将来时。故填will become。
79.考查名词的数。句意:它还认为,在发生地震等自然灾害时,这些车辆也可以用于到达偏远社区,这些自然灾害可能会使部分道路或铁路线无法使用。根据后文earthquakes可知disaster应用复数形式。故填disasters。
80.考查形容词。句意:它还认为,在发生地震等自然灾害时,这些车辆也可以用于到达偏远社区,这些自然灾害可能会使部分道路或铁路线无法使用。此处作宾补,结合句意表示“无法使用的”应用形容词unusable。故填unusable。
(2024·广东·一模)阅读下列短文,在空白处填入适当的1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As we all know, the United States is full of cars. There are still many families without cars, 81 some families have two or more. However, cars are used for more than 82 (pleasant). They are a necessary part of life.
Cars are also used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers 83 have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen 84 (send) to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get 85 (supply).
Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities, school buses are used only 86 children live more than a mile away from the school. If the children are too young to walk too far, their mothers take turns 87 (drive) them to school. One mother drives on Mondays taking her own children and the neighbors’ as well. Another mother drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesday, and so 88 . This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to 89 place where they work.
In spite of this, more car pools should be formed in order to put fewer cars on the road and use 90 (little) gas.
【答案】
81.but 82.pleasure 83.who/ that 84.are sent 85.supplies 86.when 87.driving/to drive 88.on 89.the 90.less
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了汽车在美国人生活中的重要作用。
81.考查连词。句意:仍有许多家庭没有汽车,但有些家庭有两辆或更多辆。空处连接两个并列句,“There are still many families without cars(仍有许多家庭没有汽车)”和“some families have two or more(有些家庭有两辆或更多辆)”之间是转折关系,应用but。故填but。
82.考查名词。句意:然而,汽车的用途不仅仅是娱乐。空处应用名词作介词for的宾语。这里表示汽车的用途,应用pleasure,意为“玩乐,休闲”,为不可数名词。故填pleasure。
83.考查定语从句。句意:它们被那些没有其他办法上班的工人开着去办公室和工厂。空处引导定语从句,修饰指人的workers,且在从句中作主语,所以应用who或that。故填who/that。
84.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:当推销员被派往城市的不同地区时,他们必须开车才能载他们的产品。根据句意和主句中的have to可知,这里陈述的是一般情况,应用一般现在时。主语salesmen表示复数,且和send之间是动宾关系,所以应用被动语态,且be动词用are。故填are sent。
85.考查名词的数。句意:农民们必须开车进城才能获得物资。空处应用名词,作get的宾语。supply意为“补给,补给品”,常用作复数。故填supplies。
86.考查状语从句。句意:在一些城市,只有当孩子们住在离学校一英里远的地方时,才使用校车。空处引导的是时间状语从句,应用when引导。故填when。
87.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果孩子们太小不能走太远,他们的母亲会轮流开车送他们去学校。take turns to do.../doing...意为“轮流做某事”,为固定用法。故填driving/to drive。
88.考查固定搭配。句意:另一位母亲在周二开车,另一位在周三开车,以此类推。and so on意为“(表示列举未尽)等等,诸如此类”,为固定搭配。故填on。
89.考查冠词。句意:男人们也会拼车,三四个男人轮流开车去他们工作的地方。place后有定语从句修饰,这里表示特指,应加定冠词the。故填the。
90.考查比较级。句意:尽管如此,应该形成更多的拼车,以减少路上的汽车数量,减少汽油消耗。根据“put fewer cars on the road”可知,拼车可以减少路上汽车数量,减少汽油消耗,即“更少的汽油”,应用little的比较级less。故填less。
(2024·河南·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In today’s urban centers, traffic jam is a common sight, characterized by long lines of vehicles 91 (inch) along the roadways. Many commuters experience fatigue from spending hours behind the wheel, navigating through winding streets.
Due to the congestion, it’s easy to become disillusioned with the daily grind.(日常琐事) However, there’s hope in the form of nation-driven initiatives 92 (aim) at easing the pressure on both the roads. One such initiative is the promotion of alternative modes of transportation through campaigns that highlight the benefits of walking, cycling, and 93 (use) public transportation instead of private cars.stresses the fact that the exaggeration of the benefits of private vehicle usage should be examined critically.
These initiatives are not environmentally friendly 94 appealing to those seeking an escape from over-scheduled work 95 they are constantly chasing after the next deadline or appointment, feeling stressed out. By encouraging a shift in mindset, 96 one focused merely on speed and efficiency to one that values well-being, cities can create a more livable environment for their citizens. Governments 97 (explore) solutions that prioritize the well-being of all residents. This may include implementing carpooling schemes, establishing designated pedestrian zones, or establishing facilities around communicates that are within walking distance.
Implementing innovative approaches to traffic issues in urban centers helps promote a 98 (healthy) urban environment. It is necessary that initiatives calling for alternative transportation modes 99 (support) to keep company with these efforts, and 100 unsustainable practices, such as reliance solely on private vehicles, be disposed of in the near future.
【答案】
91.inching 92.aimed 93.using 94.but 95.because/since/as 96.from 97.are exploring/have explored 98.healthier 99.(should) be supported 100.that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了城市交通拥堵问题以及国家和政府推动的旨在缓解交通压力的倡议,特别是提倡步行、骑自行车和使用公共交通的行动,以及对可持续交通方式的探索和鼓励。
91.考查现在分词。句意:在今天的城市中心,交通堵塞是常见现象,特点是车辆沿着道路缓慢前进。inch是指缓慢前进,与 vehicles 在逻辑上是主动关系,用现在分词。inching在这里作定语修饰vehicles,表示正在缓慢移动的车辆。故填inching。
92.考查过去分词。句意:然而,有希望的举措是由国家推动的,旨在缓解道路压力。be aimed at为固定短语,表示“旨在,目的是”,空处应为过去分词作后置定语,修饰initiatives,故填aimed。
93.考查动名词。句意:其中一项举措是通过强调步行、骑自行车和使用公共交通工具而不是私家车的好处的运动来推广替代交通方式。此处与walking, cycling并列,应用动名词形式,故填using。
94.考查连词。句意:这些举措并不环保,但对那些寻求摆脱过度安排工作的人来说很有吸引力,因为他们一直在追逐下一个截止日期或约会,感到压力很大。These initiatives are not environmentally friendly与appealing to those seeking an escape from over-scheduled work为转折关系,not…but为固定短语,表示“不是……而是……”,故填but。
95.考查介词。句意:这些举措并不环保,但对那些寻求摆脱过度安排工作的人来说很有吸引力,因为他们一直在追逐下一个截止日期或约会,感到压力很大。空处表示原因,意为“因为”,故填because/since/as。
96.考查介词。句意:通过鼓励思维方式的转变,从只关注速度和效率到重视福祉,城市可以为市民创造一个更宜居的环境。from…to…为固定短语,表示“从……到……”,故填from。
97.考查时态。句意:各国政府正在/已经探索优先考虑所有居民福祉的解决方案。Governments是主语为复数,描述正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,应为are exploring;或者可以理解为各国政府已经在探索了解决方案,可以用现在完成时态,应为have explored,故填are exploring/have explored。
98.考查比较级。句意:在城市中心实施创新方法解决交通问题有助于促进更健康的城市环境。空处应为比较级用来描述比以前更健康的状态,故填healthier。
99.考查语态。句意:有必要支持呼吁替代交通方式的倡议,以便与这些努力保持一致,并在不久的将来处理不可持续的做法,例如完全依赖私家车。主语为initiatives,与support之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且此处为虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should) be done的形式。故填(should) be supported。
100.考查主语从句。句意:有必要支持呼吁替代交通方式的倡议,以便与这些努力保持一致,并在不久的将来处理不可持续的做法,例如完全依赖私家车。and连接两个并列的主语从句,句意和句子结构完成,连接词为that。故填that。
(2024·河北·三模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Is it a train? Or is it a bus? Neither, it’s a Ferrobus— 101 unique form of transport found across mountainous regions of South America.
Combining old road bus bodies with rail wheels, these strange-looking machines are a lifeline 102 a lot of remote mountain villages 103 (lack) official road access. Using otherwise 104 (abandon) rail lines—often built in the 19thand early 20th century—Ferrobus routes can 105 (find) in Chile, Bolivia and Colombia, climbing high into the Andes. There are two different Ferrobuses 106 leave on different days.
Ferrobus trips are increasingly popular with tourists wanting to avoid uncomfortable and often 107 (danger) road journeys. Chile’s Gondola Carril from Los Andes to Rio Blanco, north of Santiago, operates 108 (pure) for tourists, but others provide regular, if somewhat unpredictable, transport for 109 (local) and tourists alike.
Bolivia is arguably the center of the Ferrobus world, with at least three routes, although there’s a constant risk of disruption (中断) from floods, rock falls and extreme weather.
Riding a Ferrobus 110 (require) patience and nerve, but you are guaranteed to return with some hair-raising stories to tell your friends.
【答案】
101.a 102.for 103.lacking 104.abandoned 105.be found 106.which/that 107.dangerous 108.purely 109.locals 110.requires
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种特别的,看起来像汽车又像火车的交通工具。
101.考查冠词。句意:这是一个独特的交通形式,遍布南美洲的山区。这里需要不定冠词来修饰unique form,表示“一种独特的交通形式”,unique是以辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
102.考查介词。句意:这些看起来奇怪的机器是许多缺乏官方道路通行的偏远山村的生命线。a lifeline for... 表示“对……来说的生命线”,这里的for引出受益的对象。故填for。
103.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些看起来奇怪的机器是许多缺乏官方道路通行的偏远山村的生命线。空处需要非谓语动词作定语。该动词和修饰的名词villages之间为主动关系,因此使用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填lacking。
104.考查形容词。句意:利用原本废弃的铁路线——这些线路往往建于19世纪和20世纪初——Ferrobus路线可以在智利、玻利维亚和哥伦比亚找到,深入安第斯山脉。空处需要形容词修饰rail lines,abandoned为形容词表示“被废弃的”,符合语境。故填abandoned。
105.考查被动语态。句意:利用原本废弃的铁路线——这些线路往往建于19世纪和20世纪初——Ferrobus路线可以在智利、玻利维亚和哥伦比亚找到,深入安第斯山脉。空处和空前的can构成句子的谓语动词。Ferrobus routes与find之间为被动关系,且含有情态动词can,所以空后接be done的形式,构成含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be found。
106.考查定语从句。句意:有两种不同的Ferrobus,在不同的日子出发。这里需要一个关系词引导定语从句,修饰先行词Ferrobuses。先行词指物,且在限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填which/that。
107.考查形容词。句意:越来越多想要避免不舒服且常常危险的公路旅程的游客对Ferrobus之旅感兴趣。空处需填形容词与uncomfortable并列作定语修饰journeys,danger的形容词形式为dangerous“危险的”。故填dangerous。
108.考查副词。句意:智利从Los Andes到Santiago北部Rio Blanco的Gondola Carril纯粹是为了游客运营的,但其他路线则为当地人和游客提供定期但有点不可预测的交通服务。空处需填副词修饰动词operates,pure的副词形式为purely“完全;仅仅”。故填purely。
109.考查名词复数。句意:智利从Los Andes到Santiago北部Rio Blanco的Gondola Carril纯粹是为了游客运营的,但其他路线则为当地人和游客提供定期但有点不可预测的交通服务。local在此处意为“当地人”,是可数名词,且与tourists并列,应使用复数形式。故填locals。
110.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:乘坐Ferrobus需要耐心和勇气,但你肯定会带着一些令人激动的故事回来告诉你的朋友。空处为句子的谓语动词。本句话描述一般事实,所以用一般现在时态。riding a Ferrobus为动名词短语作主语,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填requires。
(2024浙江金华·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The sheepskin raft (羊皮筏), the oldest means of transportation along the Yellow River, has a history of nearly 2,000 years. The airbag of the raft is made of 111 whole sheepskin and goes through many processes including heating to remove hair, soaking in salty oil, sewing, drying 112 blowing. Then the airbags 113 (fasten) to a wooden stand, enabling its use for transporting people and goods across the water.
It is said that the largest sheepskin raft in old times 114 (consist) of more than 600 sheepskin airbags, with an impressive length of 22 meters and a 115 (wide) of 7 meters. It was capable of carrying around 30 tons of goods and drifting over 200 kilometers in one day.
In the early 20th century, before the 1950s, 116 railways were not yet in operation and road traffic was 117 (convenient), the sheepskin raft served as the most important means of transportation for residents 118 (live) along the Yellow River.
However, with the rapid development of society, the sheepskin raft has largely played its historical role 119 transporting people and goods. Nowadays, it can only be found along the banks of the Yellow River in some cities in Gansu province. It has become a tool for people 120 (do) some sightseeing on the Yellow River.
【答案】
111.a 112.and 113.are fastened 114.consisted 115.width 116.when 117.inconvenient 118.living 119.in 120.to do
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了黄河沿岸羊皮筏的制作流程和历史作用。
111.考查冠词。句意:筏子的安全气囊由整张羊皮制成,经过加热脱毛、浸咸油、缝制、烘干、吹气等诸多工序。sheepskin意为“带毛绵羊皮”,为可数名词,句中用的单数,前用不定冠词修饰,whole为辅音音素开头,用a修饰。故填a。
112.考查连词。句意:筏子的安全气囊由整张羊皮制成,经过加热脱毛、浸咸油、缝制、烘干、吹气等诸多工序。分析句子结构可知,blowing和前文的heating to remove hair, soaking in salty oil, sewing, drying并列,应用and连接。故填and。
113.考查动词时态和语态。句意:然后将安全气囊固定在一个木制支架上,使其能够在水上运输人员和货物。分析句子结构可知,fasten作本句谓语,主语是airbags,两者是被动关系,用被动语态,前文用的是一般现在时,此处也用一般现在时。故填are fastened。
114.考查动词时态。句意:据说古代最大的羊皮筏由600多个羊皮气囊组成,长22米,宽7米,令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知,consist作从句的谓语,根据时间状语in old times可知,用一般过去时。故填consisted。
115.考查名词。句意:据说古代最大的羊皮筏由600多个羊皮气囊组成,长22米,宽7米,令人印象深刻。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,所以空处应填名词,wide的名词形式是width。故填width。
116.考查定语从句。句意:20世纪50年代以前,铁路尚未开通,公路交通不便,羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前文的时间,在从句中作时间状语,用when引导。故填when。
117.考查形容词。句意:20世纪50年代以前,铁路尚未开通,公路交通不便,羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知,空前是形容词,所以空处填形容词作表语,根据句意,应是inconvenient意为“不方便”符合语境。故填inconvenient。
118.考查非谓语动词。句意:20世纪50年代以前,铁路尚未开通,公路交通不便,羊皮筏是黄河沿岸居民最主要的交通工具。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词served,所以live用非谓语形式,逻辑主语是residents,两者是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语。故填living。
119.考查介词。句意:然而,随着社会的飞速发展,羊皮筏已经在很大程度上发挥了它在运送人和货物方面的历史作用。此处是固定搭配:play role in意为“在某方面起作用”。故填in。
120.考查非谓语动词。句意:它已经成为人们在黄河上观光的工具。本句已有谓语动词has become,所以do用非谓语形式,根据句意,此处应是用不定式做主语。故填to do。
(2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Since the first line in 2008, China’s high-speed railway 121 (symbolize) a country’s economic power, and increasing prosperity. By the end of 2020, the country had more than 37,900 km of high-speed rail lines 122 service. China is also among the first in the world 123 (introduce) new technology such as autonomous train operation.
China is most likely to construct the first super-high-speed railway line 124 allows trains to travel up to 1,000 km per hour between Shanghai and Hangzhou. The 150-kilometer railway is likely to bring the Hyperloop concept which was originally proposed in 2013 into 125 (real). So far, scientists have evaluated six proposals with the most suitable construction conditions. Two wealthy cities in 126 eastern coastal area finally stood out. The super-high-speed transport system uses the most 127 (advance) techniques to transport passengers and goods. It is reported that the two coastal cities 128 (identify) as the most suitable in the last conference due to their strong economic activities. The project will provide significant economic potential 129 help China maintain its leading position in high-speed railway technology.
Several other 130 (candidate) have also been considered. Apart from constructing high speed railroads in the country, China also plans to build several others to connect the country with its neighbors.
【答案】
121.has symbolized 122.in 123.to introduce 124.that 125.reality 126.the 127.advanced 128.were identified 129.and 130.candidates
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自2008年第一条高铁开通以来,中国的高铁已经成为一个国家经济实力和日益繁荣的象征。截至2020年底,全国高铁运营里程超过3.79万公里。中国也是世界上最早引进自动驾驶列车等新技术的国家之一。
121.考查时态。句意:自2008年第一条高铁开通以来,中国的高铁已经成为一个国家经济实力和日益繁荣的象征。根据上文可知应用现在完成时,主语为China’s high-speed railway,助动词用has。故填has symbolized。
122.考查介词。句意:截至2020年底,全国高铁运营里程超过3.79万公里。此处为短语in service表示“在运行中”。故填in。
123.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国也是世界上最早引进自动驾驶列车等新技术的国家之一。名词前有序数词修饰,后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to introduce。
124.考查定语从句。句意:中国最有可能建设第一条超高速铁路,使列车在上海和杭州之间以每小时1000公里的速度行驶。定语从句修饰先行词super-high-speed railway line,在从句中作主语,指物,且由序数词修饰,只能用that。故填that。
125.考查名词。句意:这条150公里长的铁路很可能将2013年最初提出的超级高铁概念变为现实。作介词的宾语,应用名词reality,不可数。故填reality。
126.考查冠词。句意:东部沿海地区的两个富裕城市最终脱颖而出。表示“在……东部”短语为in the eastern。故填the。
127.考查形容词。句意:超高速运输系统采用最先进的技术来运输乘客和货物。修饰后文名词应用形容词advanced,作定语。故填advanced。
128.考查时态语态。句意:据悉,这两个沿海城市因其强劲的经济活动,在上次会议上被确定为最合适的城市。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合语境可知过去发生的事情为一般过去时的被动语态,主语为cities,谓语用复数。故填were identified。
129.考查连词。句意:该项目将提供巨大的经济潜力,并帮助中国保持其在高速铁路技术方面的领先地位。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系,应用连词and。故填and。
130.考查名词的数。句意:其他几个候选城市也被考虑过。可数名词candidate由Several other修饰,应用复数形式。故填candidates。
(2024·福建·模拟预测)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
One of the biggest themes at this year’s CES tech show was electric and autonomous transportation — cars, trucks, bikes, boats. And, it turns out, tractors.
Farm-equipment giant Deere showed a new autonomous tractor with 131 attached tillage (耕作) tool at CES. For those not familiar 132 farm life, Julian Sanchez, Deere’s director of emerging technologies, says that tillage is an 133 (importance), time-consuming, and tiring process of preparing the soil for next season s planting. If you don’t do it fast, the ground could freeze. And 134 (effective) tilling means some seeds won’t take and yield (产量) 135 (drop).
While automatic driving has been on tractors for several 136 (year ), Deere’s autonomous tractor can operate without. a driver in the cab. The tractor can detect obstacles 137 might damage the attached tiller. And, he says, it can run around the clock, saving time and labor, and improving productivity by as much as 20%.
If the tilling is too shallow, you don’t break up the straw too deep, and the tractor moves too 138 (slow), increasing fuel costs. This system includes six cameras to detect holes, rocks, or other materials, 139 (inform) the farmer when an issue needs to be addressed. Eventually. Deere expects 140 (add) other tasks to the autonomous tractor.
【答案】
131.an 132.with 133.important 134.ineffective 135.will drop 136.years 137.that/which 138.slowly 139.informing 140.to add
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了今年CES科技展上的无人驾驶的拖拉机。
131.考查冠词。句意:农业设备巨头迪尔公司(Deere)在CES上展示了一款带有耕作工具的新型自动拖拉机。一个附带的耕作工具。此处修饰单数可数名词 tool表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且 attached为元音音素开头,故填an。
132.考查介词。句意:对于那些不熟悉农场生活的人,迪尔公司新兴技术主管朱利安·桑切斯(Julian Sanchez)说,耕作是一个重要、耗时、累人的过程,它为下一季的种植准备了土壤。固定短语be familiar with“对于……熟悉”。故填with。
133.考查形容词。句意:迪尔公司新兴技术主管朱利安·桑切斯(Julian Sanchez)说,为下一季的种植准备土壤,耕作是一个重要、耗时、累人的过程。设空处修饰名词process,设空处应用形容词形式,修饰名词。故填important。
134.考查形容词。句意:无效耕作意味着一些种子无法收获,产量将下降。根据后文“some seeds won’t take and yield (产量) 5 (drop)”可知,设空处指的是无效耕作,设空处后为名词,设空处应为形容词,修饰名词,故填ineffective。
135.考查时态。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作谓语,and是并列连词,前后时态一般保持一致,根据and前面 won't take 的提示可知,设空处为一般将来时。故填will drop。
136.考查名词复数。句意:虽然拖拉机上的自动驾驶技术已经存在好几年了,但迪尔公司的自动驾驶拖拉机可以在没有司机的情况下运行。空前面 several一些,后跟可数名词复数,故此空需用复数形式。故填years。
137.考查定语从句。句意:拖拉机能探测到可能损坏所附分蘖的障碍物。根据句子结构可知,设空处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是obstacles,指物,作从句的主语,应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。
138.考查副词。句意:如果耕田太浅,就不能把稻草割得太深,而且拖拉机的速度太慢,会增加燃料费用。设空处应用副词,修饰谓语动词。故填slowly。
139.考查非谓语动词。句意:该系统包括六个摄像头,用于探测洞、岩石或其他材料,当需要解决问题时通知农民。空格处所填单词与主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填informing。
140.考查非谓语动词。句意:该系统包括六个摄像头,用于探测洞、岩石或其他材料,当需要解决问题时通知农民。固定搭配expect sb to do sth“期待着做某事”。故填to add。
(2024·重庆·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China speed is amazing the world. While other countries are struggling to make high-speed railway a 141 (real), the China Railway Corporation has been busying itself in laying down over 25,000 km of high-speed tracks over the past ten years — accounting for roughly two 142 (three) of the world’s total length of high-speed rail lines.
Up to now, China 143 (build) the largest high-speed rail network worldwide. The impacts go well beyond the railway sector. It also includes changed patterns of urban development, increases in tourism, and growth of regional economy. To boost regional integration and economic growth, plans for high-speed maglev (磁悬浮) lines with trains 144 (travel) at a speed of 600 kph or more are taking shape in more Chinese cities.
“China started operating 145 (it) first maglev railway more than a decade ago. 146 , for lack of critical technologies at that time, we only concentrated on conventional high-speed rail,” said Sun Zhang, 147 is a leading railway specialist. But the research team, 148 (lead) by him, tried their best to learn advanced technologies from foreign countries and eventually developed our own innovations.
There is no denying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and 149 ( rely) , especially during “Chunyun”, 150 annual test on the China's transportation system. Thanks to “China speed”, people can go back home for reunions with families and friends in time.
【答案】
141.reality 142.thirds 143.has built 144.travelling/traveling 145.its 146.However/Nevertheless 147.who 148.led 149.reliable 150.an
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述中国高速铁路的快速发展,带动了城市,经济和旅游业的发展,为人们提供了更多的便利。
141.考查名词。句意:其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时,中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知,冠词修饰单数可数名词,故填reality。
142.考查数词。句意:其他国家正在努力实现高速铁路时,中国铁路总公司却在过去十年里忙于铺设超过2.5万公里的高速铁路——约占世界高速铁路总长度的三分之二。分析句子可知,设空处应该是分数的分母,分数的表达为分子是基数词,分母是序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用复数,故填thirds。
143.考查动词时态。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建设了全球最大的高速铁路网。分句句子可知,build是谓语动词,由时间状语Up to now可知,用现在完成时,主语China是第三人称单数,故填has built。
144.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了促进区域一体化和经济增长,时速600公里或以上的高速磁浮线路计划正在中国更多城市形成。 分析句子可知, 谓语动词是“are taking shape”,故travel用非谓语动词形式作定语修饰trains,trains与travel之间是主动关系,用现在分词作定语,故填travelling/traveling。
145.考查代词。句意:十多年前,中国开始运营它的首条磁悬浮铁路。修饰名词railway用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
146.考查副词。句意:然而,由于当时缺乏关键技术,我们只专注于传统高速铁路,铁路专家孙章说。根据句意,此处与上文是转折关系,且由逗号与主句隔开,故填However## Nevertheless。
147.考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知,“ 7 is a leading railway specialist”为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Sun Zhang,设空处为引导词,在从句中做主语,指人,引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词who,故填who。
148.考查过去分词。句意:但是他领导的研究团队,尽他们最大的努力从国外学习先进的技术,最终开发出我们自己的创新。分析句子可知,设空处修饰the research team作定语,和被修饰语the research team之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作定语,故填led。
149.考查形容词。句意:不可否认,所有这些成就都使我们的旅行变得方便和可靠,特别是在“春运”期间,这是中国交通系统的一次年度测试。分析句子可知,设空处和convenient并列为宾语补足语,应用形容词,故填reliable。
150.考查冠词。句意:同上。分析句子可知,设空处修饰名词,并且前面有形容词,应用冠词,根据句意,此处泛指“一次年度测试”,且设空后的词annual以元音因素开头,故填an。
(2024·全国·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s grand transportation program will shorten the distance and make the world smaller.
The program is the “Global 1-2-3 Logistics Circle,” and 151 (it) aim is for one-day domestic delivery of goods in China, two-day delivery from neighboring countries, and three-day delivery to major global cities. The goal 152 (announce) in February, 2021 in guidelines for developing a high-quality and comprehensive transport network over the next 15 years.
“It will lead to a better allocation of global resources as goods can be transported farther and faster with less energy,” Khairy Tourk said 153 (confident), who is a professor of economics at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago.
Developing countries, 154 lie on China’s doorstep, will benefit from the expected 155 (grow), Tourk said. For example, countries like Myanmar and Vietnam are expected to be manufacturing hubs(制造中心) in the near future.
The program will benefit Europe, too, he said, as a large amount of goods 156 (transport) through the China-Europe railway network tend to be 157 relatively high value.
The program will also be 158 (benefit) to Chinese consumers, Tourk said, since they may buy 159 wider variety of overseas products and receive them faster while 160 (pay) less.
“China has laid out a sweeping transportation plan that connects the world together,” Tourk said.
【答案】
151.its 152.was announced 153.confidently 154.which 155.growth 156.transported 157.of 158.beneficial 159.a 160.paying
【分析】本文属于说明文。中国的大交通计划“全球123快货物流圈”将打破距离限制,让世界变得更小。
151.考查代词。句意:该项目是“全球1-2-3物流圈”,其目标是在中国实现国内一天发货,邻国两天发货,全球主要城市三天发货。本空后面是名词aim,根据句意,这里用it的形容词性物主代词,表示“它的”。故填its。
152.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:这一目标是2021年2月在未来15年建设高质量综合交通网络的指导方针中宣布的。根据句子结构可知,这里的announce作谓语动词使用,句子主语The goal是单数第三人称,和谓语动词announce之间是被动关系,且本句有表过去的时间状语in February, 2021,所以句子用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was announced。
153.考查副词。句意:Khairy自信地说。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里用副词修饰动词,表示“充满信心地说到”,所给词confident是形容词,其副词是confidently。故填confidently。
154.考查定语从句。句意:Tourk说,与中国毗邻的发展中国家将从预期的增长中受益。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,先行词是countries,指物。故填which。
155.考查名词。句意:Tourk说,与中国毗邻的发展中国家将从预期的增长中受益。本空前面有冠词the,expected作形容词用,因此这里填名词,被the expected修饰,表示“预期的增长”,动词grow的名词是growth。故填growth。
156.考查过去分词。句意:他说,该项目也将使欧洲受益,因为通过中欧铁路网运输的大量货物往往价值相对较高。本句是as引导的原因状语从句,谓语是tend,因此这里的transport应作非谓语动词使用,goods是被运输,因此这里应用过去分词作定语。故填transported。
157.考查介词。句意:他说,该项目也将使欧洲受益,因为通过中欧铁路网运输的大量货物往往价值相对较高。本空后面是名词high value,再结合句意可知,这里是“of +抽象名词”结构,表示“价值高”。故填of。
158.考查形容词。句意:Tourk表示,该计划也将有利于中国消费者,因为他们可以购买更多种类的海外产品,更快地收到产品,同时花费更少。本空谓语是be动词,且后面是介宾结构to sb.,因此本空应填形容词。短语be beneficial to…表示“对……有利”。故填beneficial。
159.考查冠词。句意:Tourk表示,该计划也将有利于中国消费者,因为他们可以购买更多种类的海外产品,更快地收到产品,同时花费更少。a variety of表示“多种多样”,是固定短语。故填a。
160.考查非谓语动词。句意:Tourk表示,该计划也将有利于中国消费者,因为他们可以购买更多种类的海外产品,更快地收到产品,同时花费更少。分析句子结构可知,该从句的主语是they(Chinese consumers),pay这个动作由they发出,因此本空应用现在分词,并在本句中与while引导的句子一起作时间状语。因为句子省略了主语they,所以不能填写谓语动词,因为故填paying。
(2024·河北·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For many westerners, the cycle rickshaw (人力车) is a 161 (represent) form of transport in Asian, which in fact, most Asian cities have long since abandoned. But in Bangla- desh the cycle rickshaw is as popular as ever in the capital, Dhaka, rickshaws can 162 (see) in every street. Dhaka’s government, however, is pushing ahead with a series of new measures to ban rickshaws.
“Dhaka has a traffic problem,” explains the mayor of the northern half of the city. “It is one of the world’s most densely populated 163 (city), and most crowded, which means being caught in traffic jam 164 (be) common. ”Nearly three hours (working hours) 165 (estimate) by the World Bank is lost each day, at a cost of billions of dollars each year.
For the city’s rickshaw-drivers such concerns seem beside the point. “What am I supposed to do?” asks Abdul Mubin, a 32-year-old driver. “I have mouths 166 (feed).” He and thousands of other rickshaw-drivers go on strike 167 the planned ban. The drivers are not the only ones with reason to worry. There are a great number of Dhaka’s passengers, 168 rely on rickshaws more than any other form of transport. The city has only 8,000 public buses for its 18 million people. 169 (bad) still, these buses do not follow any timetable and the drivers are often not lawful.
Next year, the city will ban rickshaws on three main roads. All of Dhaka will be “rickshaw- free” within two years. “Buses will soon be managed,” 170 official promises. “And the routes will be able to provide ‘smooth service’”.
【答案】
161.representative 162.be seen 163.cities 164.is 165.estimated 166.to feed 167.against 168.who 169.Worse 170.An
【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了孟加拉国的交通工具——黄包车的现状。
161.考查形容词。句意:对许多西方人来说,黄包车是亚洲交通的一种代表性形式,事实上,大多数亚洲城市早就放弃了。黄包车在亚洲是一种很典型的交通方式,此处需要用形容词形式作定语,修饰form。故填representative。
162.考查被动语态。句意:但是在孟加拉国,黄包车是一如既往的流行在首都达卡受欢迎,在每一条街道都可以看到人力车。在孟加拉国的首都Dhaka的每一条街道都可以看到黄包车, 黄包车是被看见,主语richshaws与谓语动词see是被动关系,此处需要用动词的被动语态,空格前有情态动词。故填be seen。
163.考查名词复数。句意:它是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一。名词前面有one of the +名词复数,表示“……之一”,此处city用复数。故填cities。
164.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:它是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一,也是最拥挤的城市之一,这意味着陷入交通堵塞是常见的。描述现在的情况用一般现在时,主语动名词短语“being caught in traffic jam”,谓语动词用单数,故用is。
165.考查非谓语动词。句意:世界银行估计每天损失近三个小时(工作时间),每年损失数十亿美元。分析可知,谓语动词是is lost,故estimate用非谓语动词形式作定语,修饰主语“Nearly three hours”,二者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词。故填estimated。
166.考查非谓语动词。句意:我有数张嘴要喂养。have sth. to do有某事要做,to do不定式做宾补。故填to feed。
167.考查介词。句意:他和上千名黄包车司机进行了罢工,反对计划于七月份实施的那个禁令。根据句意,此处使用介词against表示反对。故填against。
168.考查定语从句。句意:达卡有大量的乘客,比任何其他形式的运输更依赖人力车。因前句有逗号且先行词为人,应用who引导。故填who。
169.考查固定搭配。句意:更糟糕的是,这些公共汽车不遵循任何时间表,司机往往是不合法的。worse still“更糟糕的是”。故填Worse。
170.考查冠词。句意:一名官员许诺。根据句意,此处泛指“一名官员”,应用不定冠词,且official以元音音素开头,应用an。故填an。
(2024·河北·二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing Daxing International Airport, which catches the world's attention, has already been put into operation. It 171 (shape) like a phoenix (凤凰) and it has four main runways at the new airport—three vertical and one horizontal, 172 helps shorten flight times and reduce delays. It is the first time that our architects 173 (adopt) such particular pattern in airport construction history. 174 expressways, intercity rails and high-speed rails, passengers can reach Tianjin, Baoding and Tangshan in one hour. This has brought much 175 (convenient) to passengers.
China Eastern Airline Flight MU535 marked 176 beginning of the China's new transport hub ( 枢纽). China Eastern Airline is one of the 15 companies currently 177 (operate) at the new airport. The airport will operate 116 routes 178 (global) around the end of this year.
The airport is working with customs to make security checks 179 (easy) and more efficient. Passengers on international flights don't need to have their carry -on luggage 180 (check) again after they go through the security gate.
【答案】
171.is shaped 172.which 173.have adopted 174.Through 175.convenience 176.the 177.operating 178.globally 179.easier 180.checked
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。北京大兴国际机场已经正式投入使用。它有特殊的跑道设置,能减少飞行时间与飞机延迟。目前已经有15家航空公司的飞机入住这里,并且机场正在与安检部门合作,让旅客的安检更方便快捷。
171.考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:它的形状像一只凤凰。It与shape之间是被动关系,且“be shaped like…”意为“形状像……”,符合句意。这句话描述的是飞机场的形状,应用一般现在时。主语是it,所以be动词用is。故填is shaped。
172.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:新机场有四条主跑道,三条纵向的,一条横向的,这能帮助缩短飞行时间,减少延误。这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为four main runways,指物,故填which。
173.考查现在完成时。句意:在机场建设史上,这是建筑师第一次使用这样的特殊的建设方式。这句话使用的句型是It’s the first time that…have/has done句型。空格前的主语our architects表示复数意义,故填have adopted。
174.考查介词。句意:通过高速公路、城际铁路和高铁,旅客可以在一小时之内到达天津、保定和唐山。这句话强调从北京到这三个地方的交通方式,可以使用介词through。故填Through。
175.考查名词。句意:这给旅客带来了很大的便利。空格位于动词brought后,形容词much后,所以使用名词形式。“convenient(方便的)”的名词形式为convenience,故填convenience。
176.考查定冠词。句意:中国东方航空的航班MU535标志着中国新的交通枢纽的开始。“the beginning of”意为“……的开始”,故填the。
177.考查动名词。句意:中国东方航空是目前在新机场运营的15家航空公司之一。这句话的谓语动词是is,所以空格处填非谓语动词。主语companies与operate之间是主动关系,所以使用现在分词作定语。故填operating。
178.考查副词。句意:在今年年底,机场将有遍及全球的116条航线。空格处单词修饰动词operate,形容航线遍及的范围,所以空格处使用副词。故填globally。
179.考查形容词比较级。句意:航空公司正在与海关合作,使得安检更加简单快捷。and前后连接两个并列的成分,由more efficient可知,空格处也应填形容词比较级。“easy(简单的)”的比较级形式为easier,故填easier。
180.考查过去分词。句意:国际航班上的旅客在通过安全门之后,不需要再将随身携带的行李做安检。这句话的谓语动词为need,所以空格处使用非谓语动词。carry-on luggage与check之间是被动关系,所以使用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填checked。
(2024·四川凉山·二模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China Expected to Achieve 50% NEV Penetration Rate a Decade Ahead of Schedule
Miao Wei, former minister of industry and information technology, said “China’s new energy vehicle development has entered a brand-new stage of comprehensive market 181 (expand), which will drive the NEV penetration rate (占有率) 182 (reach) 50 percent as early as 2025.” In 2020, China set 183 (it) goal that NEVs will become mainstream and account for more than 50 percent of the total ·auto sales by 2035.
Miao 184 (add) that the battery, which is at the heart of NEV, has also made great progress and gained a lead 185 (globe), and highlighted the necessity of commercializing all-solid-state (全固态) batteries for China. The all-solid-state battery is widely accepted as a 186 (promise) solution to address the limitations of 187 (tradition) lithium-ion batteries of NEVs. Miao made the comments on Monday during the founding conference of China All-Solid-State Battery Collaborative Innovation Platform.
At the conference, Ouyang Minggao, an initiator of the platform and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, expected that all-solid-state batteries are a key battleground for next-generation battery technology, 188 are expected to be industrialized by 2030. “ 189 China has gained a global lead in lithium-ion battery, the country still has a long way to go in the commercialization of all-solid-state batteries,” Ouyang said. He appealed 190 more joint efforts to develop such batteries to maintain China’s advantage in batteries on the global stage.
【答案】
181. expansion 182.to reach 183.its 184.added 185.globally 186.promising 187.traditional 188.and/which 189.Although/Though/While 190.to
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了以中国新能源汽车为主题的会议。
181.考查名词。句意:原工业和信息化部部长苗圩表示:“中国的新能源汽车发展已经进入了一个全面市场扩张的全新阶段,这将推动新能源汽车的普及率最早在2025年达到50%。”此处使用名词expansion“扩张”,作of的宾语。故填expansion。
182.考查非谓语动词。句意:原工业和信息化部部长苗圩表示:“中国的新能源汽车发展已经进入了一个全面市场扩张的全新阶段,这将推动新能源汽车的普及率最早在2025年达到50%。”本句谓语动词为drive,此处为不定式形式作宾语补足语,drive somebody to do something(驱使某人做某事)。故填to reach。
183.考查代词。句意:2020年,中国设定了新能源汽车将成为主流的目标,到2035年,新能源汽车将占汽车总销量的50%以上。此处使用形容词性物主代词its“它的”,作定语,修饰goal。故填its。
184.考查时态。句意:苗补充说,电池作为新能源汽车的核心,也取得了很大的进步,在全球范围内取得了领先地位,并强调了中国将全固态电池商业化的必要性。根据语境可知“补充说”发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,用add“补充说”的过去式。故填added。
185.考查副词。句意:苗补充说,电池作为新能源汽车的核心,也取得了很大的进步,在全球范围内取得了领先地位,并强调了中国将全固态电池商业化的必要性。此处使用副词globally“全球地”,作状语。故填globally。
186.考查形容词。句意:全固态电池被广泛认为是解决新能源汽车传统锂离子电池局限性的一种有前途的解决方案。此处使用形容词promising“有希望的,有前途的”,作定语,修饰solution。故填promising。
187.考查形容词。句意:全固态电池被广泛认为是解决新能源汽车传统锂离子电池局限性的一种有前途的解决方案。此处使用形容词traditional“传统的”,作定语,修饰lithium-ion batteries。故填traditional。
188.考查定语从句或连词。句意:在会议上,该平台的发起人之一、中国科学院院士欧阳明高预计,全固态电池是下一代电池技术的关键战场,预计到2030年将实现产业化。分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是all-solid-state batteries,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。也可以理解为,空格处用连词and连接前后两部分并列的谓语。故填and或which。
189.考查让步状语从句。句意:“尽管中国在锂离子电池方面已经取得了全球领先地位,但在全固态电池的商业化方面,中国还有很长的路要走,”欧阳说。前后句意存在转折关系,应用although/though/while“虽然”引导让步状语从句,位于句首,首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
190.考查固定短语。句意:他呼吁双方共同努力开发这类电池,以保持中国在全球电池领域的优势。此处使用介词to,appeal to“呼吁”,为固定短语。故填to。
(2024·宁夏银川·三模)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
Up to now, an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) developed by a Chinese university team has obtained abundant data during the country's latest Arctic expedition, 191 (reveal) various features beneath the North Pole.
The red, fish-shaped robot called “XH1000” was made by researchers from Harbin Engineering University. During the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition 192 concluded in late September, it 193 (complete) under-ice environment detection operations near the Chukchi Sea and relayed plenty of data, including ocean water temperature, salinity and pH levels. 194 (equip) with domestically developed detection sonar (声呐), the polar-observing AUV explored an area of 7, 000 square meters beneath the Arctic ice.
Operation team leader Zhu Zhongben, 195 associate professor, said the 196 (inform) gathered will help scientists improve their understanding of the changing process of sea-ice and ocean currents in this region, providing data support for 197 (effective) coping with the impact of global climate change 198 China.
Chinese scientists set off for the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition on July 12 aboard the polar icebreaker Xuelong 2, travelling 15, 000 nautical miles before returning. It reached the North Pole on Sept. 5, generating 199 (value) experience for robotic ships 200 (work) in the high risk polar areas and filling the gap in the country's scientific research on the polar region.
【答案】
191.revealing 192.that/which 193.completed 194.Equipped 195.an 196.information 197.effectively 198.on 199.valuable 200.to work
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了到目前为止,由中国大学团队开发的自主水下航行器(AUV)在该国最近的北极考察中获得了丰富的数据,揭示了北极下的各种特征。
191.考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,由中国大学团队开发的自主水下航行器(AUV)在该国最近的北极考察中获得了丰富的数据,揭示了北极下的各种特征。分析句子结构可知reveal与data构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填revealing。
192.考查定语从句。句意:在9月下旬结束的第13次北冰洋科学考察中,它在楚科奇海附近完成了冰下环境探测作业,并传回了大量数据,包括海水温度、盐度和pH值。定语从句修饰先行词the 13th Arctic Ocean scientific expedition,在从句作主语,指物,故填that/which。
193.考查时态。句意:在9月下旬结束的第13次北冰洋科学考察中,它在楚科奇海附近完成了冰下环境探测作业,并传回了大量数据,包括海水温度、盐度和pH值。根据上文in late September可知为一般过去时。故填completed。
194.考查非谓语动词。句意:配备了国产探测声纳,极地观测AUV探测了北极冰层下7000平方米的区域。短语be equipped with表示“配备”,过去分词作状语,首字母大写。故填Equipped。
195.考查冠词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。此处professor为泛指,且associate是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
196.考查名词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。作从句的主语,应用名词information,不可数。故填information。
197.考查副词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。修饰动词cope应用副词effectively,故填effectively。
198.考查介词。句意:行动小组组长朱忠本副教授表示,收集到的信息将帮助科学家提高对该地区海冰和洋流变化过程的理解,为有效应对全球气候变化对中国的影响提供数据支持。短语impact on表示“对……的影响”。故填on。
199.考查形容词。句意:它于9月5日抵达北极,为机器人船在高风险的极地地区工作提供了宝贵的经验,填补了我国在极地科学研究方面的空白。修饰名词experience应用形容词valuable,故填valuable。
200.考查非谓语动词。句意:它于9月5日抵达北极,为机器人船在高风险的极地地区工作提供了宝贵的经验,填补了我国在极地科学研究方面的空白。此处work在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to work。
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