新概念英语第一册Lesson 23--30笔记

新概念英语1:Lesson 23 & 24 笔记 Lesson 23-24 单词讲解 Lesson 23-24 生词和短语 on [ n] prep. 在 ... 之上 反义词:under 在...下面 on the desk/table 在课桌/桌子上 The hat is on the floor. 帽子在地板上。 shelf [ elf] n. 架子;搁板 ( 复数:shelves ) bookshelf 书架 The books are on the shelf. 书在架子上。 desk [desk] n. 课桌 The computer is on the desk. 电脑在桌上。 table ['te bl] n. 桌子 tea table 茶几 The flowers are on the table. 花在桌子上。 plate [ple t] n. 碟;盘 The plate is dirty. 盘子是脏的。 cupboard ['k b d] n.碗柜;食橱 The plates are in the cupboard. 盘子在碗橱里。 cigarette [ s 'ret] n. 香烟 cigar 雪茄 television ['tel v n] n. 电视机 The television is in the living room. 电视机在客厅里。 floor [fl ] n. 地面;地板 The shoes are on the floor. 鞋子在地板上。 dressing table ['dres 'te bl] 梳桩台, 镜台, 化妆台 dress v. 打扮;穿衣 dress the baby 给宝宝穿衣服 magazine [ m 'zi n] n. 杂志 The magazine has pictures. 该杂志有图片。 bed [bed] n. 床 bedroom ['bedru m] 卧室 go to bed 去(上床)睡觉 newspaper ['nju spe p ] n. 报纸;新闻纸 news[nju z] 新闻;消息 paper 纸张 read a newspaper 看报纸 stereo ['steri ] n. 立体声音响 The stereo has two speakers. 该音响有两个喇叭。 Give me some glasses please. 请给我拿几只玻璃杯。 1. 动词give 后面有两个宾语,即直接宾语some glasses和间接宾语me。人称代词作宾语时要用人称代词的宾格。 2. give me/him/her/us/them... 给我/他/她/我们/他们..... some: 一些+复数名词 some cups some books some knives 2. Which glasses? 哪几只? which + 单数名词,表示哪个? which +复数名词,表示哪些? 3. The ones on the shelf. 是架子上的那几只。 本句是省略句。I want the ones on the shelf. ones 代表glasses。on the shelf 是介词短语,作定语,修饰ones. 4. These? 这几只? 是Do you want these?的省略形式。 指示代词:this these that those this 和 that 复数分别是 these 和those. 离说话人较近的就用this 或者 these, 离说话人较远的就用that 或者those. This is my book. 这是我的书。 These are my books.这些是我的书。 That is my book. 那是我的书。 Those are my books. 那些是我的书。 5. Yes, please. 是的,请拿给我。 当别人问你要不要某物而你同意要时,就可用这句话。 假如你不同意要,则应说:No,thank you. Lesson 23 语法讲解 1. 动词的分类以及双宾语 动词分为及物动词和不及物动词 及物动词 vt:后面可以直接接宾语的动词(宾语:动作的承受者) I love you. 我爱你。 I drink tea. 我喝茶。 I eat food. 我吃东西。 serve the people 为人民服务 不及物动词 vi:后面不能直接接宾语,需要借助于其它介词才能接宾语的动词。 I walk. 我走路。 I run. 我跑步。 I must go. 我必须走了。 Look at me. 看看我。(不能说:look me) 可以接双宾语的词: teach : teach us English 教我们英语 write: write him a letter 给他写一封信 send: send her an email 给她发一封email offer: offer you a job 给你提供一份工作 read: read me this letter 给我读读这封信 sell : sell her a new car 卖给她一辆新车 2. 介词 prep. "小纽带” 介词其实就是词与词之间的一个关系,它起到一个纽带的作用,主要是指名词丶代词等和其他词的一些关系,它在句子中是不能单独做成份的。 The book is on the desk. on 介词,表明了book 和desk 之间它是有一个位置关系的。 使用介词时,不能忘记动词! 例句:The glass is on the table. 那个玻璃杯在桌子上。 The spoon is on the plate. 那个勺子在盘子上。 3. 定语 定语:是修饰限定的成份,做定语的词一般是形容词,但也可以用介词短语做定语。 1). 形容词做定语 a red apple 一个红苹果 a beautiful flower 一朵美丽的花 a smart student 一个聪明的学生 a tall building 一栋高楼 2). 介词短语做后置定语 The book on the desk is Chen Tianyi's. 桌子上的那本书是陈天亿的。 The girl with blue eyes is my little sister. 那个有蓝眼睛的女孩是我的小妹妹。 The woman from New York is his aunt. 那个来自纽约的女人是他的姑姑。 在英语中,形容词修饰名词时,修饰成份放在名词前面,但由一个介词短语或句子修饰名词时,这个修饰成份应放在名词的后面。 4 . some 与 any 的用法 表示“一些”时,some 用于肯定句和希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中;any 用于否定句和疑问句中。 There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有些水。 There are some children in the park. 公园里有一些孩子。 Can I have some water, please?我可以喝点水吗?用some是希望得到肯定答复 Would you like some apples? 你想吃点苹果吗? 用some是希望得到肯定答复 There isn't any paper in the printer. 打印机里没有纸了。 I don't have any money. 我没有任何钱。 Do you have any questions? 你有什么问题吗? Lesson 23-24 词义辨析: desk 与 table 在汉语中,这两个词都被称为 桌子”,而在英语中,它们仍是有所区别的。 (1)desk 通常指有抽屉的桌子, 用于办公、读书、写字等,即 书桌”、写字台“、办公桌”: He is working at his desk. 他正在自己的书桌前用功。 I put it on his desk. 我把它放在他的办公桌上了。 (2)table 通常指由若干条腿支撑着的平板,没有抽屉,即 ”餐桌“、会议桌”、工作台”、手术台"等: I've booked a table for two at 7.00. 我预订了一张两人桌,是在 7点钟。 They sat round the table and made this big decision. 他们围坐在会议桌旁,作出了这个重大的决定。 新概念英语1:Lesson 25& 26 笔记 Lesson 25-26 单词讲解 Mrs. [ m s z] (n.) - 夫人;太太;(用于已婚女子的姓氏前缀) Mrs. Wang is a doctor. 王太太是一名医生。 Mr.(先生)Mr Chen 陈先生 Ms. 女士(已婚或未婚都可以,当你不敢确定某女子是已婚还是未婚时可以用) Miss 未婚小姐 Miss Zhang 张小姐 kitchen [ k t n] (n.) - 厨房 in the kitchen 在厨房 My mother is cooking in the kitchen. 我妈妈正在厨房里做饭。 refrigerator [r fr d re t ] (n.) - 冰箱 fridge [fr d ] 冰箱 The milk is in the refrigerator. 牛奶在冰箱里。 The refrigerator is full of food. 冰箱里塞满了食物。 right [ra t] (adj.) - 右边的;正确的 all right 好的,可以 on the right在右边 on the left 在左边 The desk is on the right. 桌子在右边。 The answer is right. 答案是正确的。 electric [ lektr k] (adj.) - 电的;电动的 electronic(电子的) electricity(电力) an electric cooker 电炊具 an electric car 电动汽车 an electric fan 电风扇 left [left] (adj.) - 左边的 The pencil is on the left side of the notebook. 铅笔在笔记本左边。 The bus stop is on the left side of the street. 公交车站在街道左边。 cooker [ k k r] (n.) - 炊具;炉灶 cook 厨师:烹饪 We need to buy a new cooker. 我们需要买一个新的炉灶。 My mother is a great cook. 我妈妈是一个很棒的厨师。 I can cook. 我会做饭。 middle [ m dl] (adj.) - 中间的;中央的 in the middle of 在…..的中间 The table is in the middle of the room. 桌子在房间的中间。 of [ v] (prep.) - ...的;由...构成的 off [ f] 离开;关闭 The color of the sky is blue. 天空的颜色是蓝色的。 a lot of - 很多 a piece of cake - 一件轻而易举的事 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a cup of tea 一杯茶 room [ru m] (n.) - 房间;空间 bedroom 卧室 ;living room 客厅 dining room 餐厅 bathroom 浴室 I’m in the room. 我在房间里。 cup [k p] (n.) - 杯子 a cup of tea 一杯茶 cupboard(碗柜) cupcake(纸杯蛋糕) 复习:glass 玻璃杯 bottle瓶子 tin 罐头 The cups are in the cupboard. 杯子在碗柜里。 where [we r] (adv.) - 在哪里;到哪里 Where is the bathroom? 卫生间在哪里? Girls, where are you? 姑娘们,你们在哪里? 派生:anywhere 在(或去)任何地方 somewhere在(或到)某处 nowhere 任何地方都不 in [ n] prep. 在... 里 There is a book in the bag. 书包里有一本书。 Xu Xinyu lives in Hefei. 徐欣钰住在合肥。 three in one 三合一 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早中晚 1. Mrs. Smith’s kitchen is small. 史密斯太太的厨房很小。 第一句是总述,英文写作一般是先给总述,然后再描述具体的。 2. 描述物体的方式 There is …. in the kitchen. The … is blue. It is on the left. 描述所在位置,颜色,具体位置,状态 用英文表达:卧室里有一张床,是绿色的,它在房间的中间,上面很干净。 There is a bed in the bedroom. The bed is green. It is in the middle of the room. And it is very clean. 所在位置:there be 句型 颜色:It is +颜色 具体位置:on the right/left, in the middle of 状态:It is clean/empty/large/small… Lesson 25 语法讲解 1. there be 句型与have/has "there be"用于描述某物在某地的存在或出现,而"have"用于表示拥有或所有权。 There are six students in the class. (班里有六个学生。) There is a big tree in the park. (公园里有一棵大树。) There are many flowers in the garden. (花园里有很多花。) There are two chairs in the room. 房间里有两把椅子。 there be 就近原则 There is a table and four chairs in the room. There are four chairs and a table in the room. There is a teacher and some students in the classroom. There are some students and a teacher in the classroom. I have a pencil. (我有一支铅笔。) She has a doll. (她有一个玩具娃娃。) They have a cat. (他们有一只猫。) He has a bike. (他有一辆自行车。) We have a ball. (我们有一个球。) You have a book. (你有一本书。) The boy has a kite. (男孩有一个风筝。) The family has a car. (这个家庭有一辆汽车。) 2. 冠词用法复习 There is a refrigerator in the kitchen. The refrigerator is white. There is an electric cooker in the kitchen. The cooker is blue. There is a table in the middle of the room. The table is red. There is a bottle on the table. The bottle is empty. 总结:初次出现,不了解,不确定,用不定冠词a/an 再次出现,了解了,确定了,用定冠词the 新概念英语1:Lesson 27 & 28 笔记 Lesson 27-28 单词讲解 living room ['livi ru:m] n. 起居室; 客厅 Dad often watches TV in the living room. 爸爸常常在客厅看电视。 There is a big sofa in the living room. 客厅里有一张大沙发。 near [n ] prep. 靠近,在……附近 My home is near my school. 我的家离学校很近。 The television is near the table. 电视靠近桌子。 window ['w nd ] n. 窗户 Please close/shut the window. 请关上窗户。 wind [w nd] n. 风 widow ['w d ] n. 寡妇 armchair [' mt e ] n. 扶手椅 arm 胳膊 + chair 椅子 armchair 可以放arm 的chair door [d ] n. 门 Please open the door. 请开门。 picture ['p kt ] n. 照片,图画 photo ['f t ] n. 照片 "photo"是指用照相机拍摄的照片,"picture"可以是照片,也可以是绘画或插图。 I can draw a picture of grandpa. 我可以画一张爷爷的画像。 That's a picture of me as a baby. 这是一张我是宝宝时的照片。 wall [w l] n. 墙 The Great Wall 长城 trousers ['tra z z] n. 裤子 (英式) a pair of trousers 一条裤子 shoes [' u z] 鞋子 socks [s ks] 袜子 gloves [ 'l vz] 手套 glasses ['gl s z] 眼镜 jeans [d i nz] 牛仔裤 pants [p nts] 裤子,长裤(美国);内裤(英国) shorts [ ts] 短裤 Mrs. Smith's living room is large. 这里large 也可以换成big a large/big house 一座大房子 a large/big playground 一个大操场 2. There is a television in the room. There are some magazines on the television. There is a +单数名词 There are some+ 复数名词 3. The television is near the window. The stereo is near the door. The pictures are on the wall. near the window (door), 靠近窗(门),on the wall 在墙上,为介词短语,在本句中作表语。 Lesson 27 语法讲解 there be 结构变一般疑问句和否定句 要将 There Be 结构转换成一般疑问句,只需要将 be 动词提到句首即可。如有some, some 变为any 。 There is a book on the table. -> Is there a book on the table? There are three cats in the room. -> Are there three cats in the room? There are some birds in the tree . ->Are there any birds in the tree? 要将 There Be 结构转换成否定句,只需要在 be 动词后面加 not 即可。如有some, some 变为any 。 There is a book on the table. -> There is not a book on the table. There are three cats in the room. -> There are not three cats in the room. There are some birds in the tree . -> There aren't any birds in the tree. 2. there be 存在句型的复数形式的用法 There are (some/many )+ 复数名词 教室里有很多学生。There are many students in the classroom. 厨房里有两个苹果。There are two apples in the kitchen. 花园里有五朵花。There are five flowers in the garden. 公园里有三只狗。There are three dogs in the park. 桌子上有些书。There are some books on the table. 3. 复习some 和 any 的用法 4. 介词/介词短语作表语,表方位 in(在……里面) The food is in the fridge.(食物在冰箱里。) The book is in the bag.(书在包里。) on(在……上面) The picture is on the wall.(图片在墙上。) The book is on the shelf.(书在书架上。) under(在……下面) The shoes are under the bed.(鞋子在床下。) The cat is under the table.(猫在桌子下面。) behind(在……后面) The car is behind the building.(车在建筑物后面。) The bookshelf is behind the sofa.(书架在沙发后面。) near(在……附近) The school is near the park.(学校在公园附近。) The hotel is near the airport.(酒店在机场附近。) The bank is near the post office.(银行在邮局附近。) in front of(在……前面) The dog is in front of the door.(狗在门前。) There are two tall trees in front of the house. (房子前有两棵大树。) in the middle of(在……中间) The table is in the middle of the room. ( 桌子在房间的中央。) next to(紧挨着) The school is next to the park.(学校紧挨着公园。) The cat is next to the dog.(猫在狗旁边。) The coffee shop is next to the post office.(咖啡店就在邮局旁边。) between(在……之间) The store is between the bank and the restaurant.(商店在银行和餐厅之间。) Tuesday is between Monday and Wednesday. (星期二在星期一和星期三之间。) 拓展: near和 next to 词语辨析 near 意味着两者之间有些距离,而 next to 则表示两者非常接近,几乎是挨在一起的。 on 与 in on the tree 长在树上 in the tree 在树上 There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。 There are many apples on the tree. (苹果是长在树上的,用on) 树上有很多苹果。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上挂着一幅画。 There is a window in the wall. 墙上有一个窗户。 There is a door in the wall. 墙上有一扇门。 新概念英语1:Lesson 29 & 30 笔记 Lesson 29 -30 单词讲解 Lesson 29-30 生词和短语 shut [ t] 1). adj. 关闭的;停止营业的 The door is shut. 门是关闭的。 =The door is closed. 2). v. 关闭 Shut the window. 关闭窗户。 Shut your eyes. 闭上你的眼睛。 bedroom ['bedru m] n. 卧室 She's in the bedroom. 她在卧室里。 untidy [ n'ta di] adj. 不整洁的,凌乱的 Her room is untidy. 她的房间很乱。 His hair is untidy. 他的头发很乱。 派生:tidy 整洁的,爱整洁的 un-=not 表否定 unhappy [ n'h pi] 不快乐的 unhealthy [ n'hel i] 不健康的 unkind [ n'ka nd] 不友善的 unclean [ n'kli n] 不洁的 must [m st] modal v. 必须 must 情态动词-情感,态度 You must go out. 你必须出去。 Can you go out please? 请你出去一下好吗? You must finish your homework. 你必须完成作业。 He must go to bed. 他必须上床睡觉。 open [' p n] 1). adj. 开着的 The window is open. 窗户是开着的。 2). v. 打开 Open the door, please. 请打开门。 She opens the book and starts reading. 她打开书开始阅读。 air [e ] 1). n. 空气 The air is fresh. 空气很新鲜。 2). v. 使.....通风,换换空气 Open the window and air the room. 打开窗子,给房间通通风。 派生:airport['e p t] n. 机场 airhostess [e 'h st s] n. 空姐 put [p t] v. 放置 Put the book on the table. 把书放在桌子上。 She puts the flowers in the vase. 她将花放在花瓶里。 Put your hand in your pocket. 把手揣衣兜里。 clothes [kl z] n. 衣服 His clothes are dirty. 他的衣服很脏。 wardrobe ['w dr b] n.衣柜 The wardrobe is full of clothes. 衣柜里挂满了衣服。 That is a very big wardrobe! 那是一个很大的衣柜。 dust [d st] 1). n. 灰尘 There is some dust on the table. 桌子上有一些灰尘。 2). v. 掸掉灰尘 dust the table 掸掉桌上的灰尘 派生:dustman n. 清洁工 sweep [swi p] v. 扫地 Please sweep the floor. 请扫地。 clean the floor. 清洁地板 empty ['empti] 1). adj. 空的, 空虚的 The bottle is empty. 瓶子是空的。 拓展:empty words 空话,无意义的话 an empty dream 不现实的梦想 2). v. 倒空 Empty the bottle, please. 请把瓶子倒空。 read [ri d] v. 读 I like reading storybooks. 我喜欢读故事书。 Little girl, read this book. 小姑娘,读读这本书。 She reads the newspaper every morning. 她每天早上读报纸。 派生:reader 读者 read a book 看书 read a magazine 看杂志 read a newspaper 看报纸 sharpen[' p n] v. 削尖,使更锋利 Sharpen the pencil. 把铅笔磨尖。 She sharpens the knife before cooking. 她在做饭前把刀磨锋利。 派生:sharp adj. 锋利的 -en=构成动词:使 ...变得 sharp +en =sharpen v. 使锋利 short +en=shorten v. 缩短 weak + en =weaken 削弱 put on ['p t n, - n] v. 穿上,戴上 Put on your coat. 穿上你的外套。 She puts on her hat and goes out. 她戴上帽子出门了。 - He puts on the gloves . 他戴上手套。 take off [te k f] v. 脱下,卸下 Take off your shoes. 脱下你的鞋子。 She takes off her glasses. 她摘下眼镜。 He takes off his coat . 他脱掉外套。 turn on [t n n] v. 打开 Turn on the light. 打开灯。 She turns on the TV . 她打开电视。 He turns on the radio and listens to music. 他打开收音机听音乐。 turn off ['t n - f] v. 关闭 Turn off the TV. 关闭电视。 She turns off the computer. 她关闭电脑。 Lesson 29-30 单词拓展 1. turn on 与 open 词义辨析: turn on 通常用于电器、灯光等物品,表示“打开”。例如:Turn on the light.(打开灯光。)Turn on the TV.(打开电视。) open 把原来关上或是合上的东西打开,例如开门,开窗户等。 也可以表示“开着的”。例如:Open the window.(打开窗户。)The window is open.(窗户是开着的。)Open your book.(打开你的书。) turn on\off the television turn on\off the radio turn on\off the light turn on \off the computer 2. 既可以作动词也可以作名词的单词总结: The air is fresh. 空气清新。 Open the window and air the kitchen. 打开窗户, 让厨房通下气。 What is the color?什么颜色的? Color the picture. 给图片上色。 I like milk. 我喜欢牛奶。 Milk it. 给奶牛挤奶。 This is my book. 这是我的书。 Book a ticket. 预定一张票。 There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有水。 Water the flower. 给花浇水。 There is some dust . 那有灰尘。 Dust the table. 把桌上的灰尘清扫掉。 3. 洗手间的表达方法: bathroom restroom washroom toilet lady’s room \ man’s room 4. make 的固定搭配短语总结: make the bed:整理床铺 make friends:交朋友 make money:赚钱 make a cake: 做蛋糕 1. Shut the door, please. Open the window and air the room. 以上都是祈使句,省略主语you, 动词采用动词原形。 2. What must I do? 我应该做些什么呢? must 情态动词,表示不可逃避的义务或不可推卸的责任。 3. Then make the bed. 再把床整理一下。 make the bed 整理床铺 then [ en] 然后 He took his hat and then left. 他拿起帽子,随即离开了。 Lesson 29 语法讲解 1. 祈使句 祈使句:用来表示命令、请求、建议等; 表示命令:动词原形+ … Shut the door ! 表示请求:please+ 动词原形+… Please give me a book. 表示建议:Let’s+ 动词原形+… Let’s go, ok? 2. 情态动词 目前学过的有must, can 情态动词-情感,态度 特点: 1). 情态动词不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 2). 无人称和数的变化, 无论人称是什么,情态动词和后面的动词都不会发生任何变化。 I can jump. 我可以挑。 He can jump. 他可以跳。 You must study hard. 你必须好好学习。 She must study hard. 她必须好好学习。 3). 一般疑问句直接把情态动词提前,否定句直接在情态动词后面加 not I can dance. I can not dance. Can you dance? 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$