2025年中考英语复习重难点语法-状语从句讲解及练习 课件

中考语法：状语从句 目录 1. 时间状语从句 2. 让步状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 目的状语从句 5. 结果状语从句 6. 条件状语从句 7. 比较状语从句 8.方式状语从句；地点状语从句。（补充）  一，时间状语从句 时间状语从句连词when When 的用法 1）描述将来(“主将从现”) (这个内容也适用于if 引导的条件状语从句中。) When I receive your email, I will reply soon. 2）描述过去 当我打开门时，我被我所看到的东西震惊了。 When I opened the door, I was shocked at what I saw. 时间状语从句连词while While 的用法 1) 基本意思是“当……时候”，还有一个用法表示对比 While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. Some courses in college are required while others are optional. Honesty is a virtue while greed is an evil. 时间状语从句连词while 选词填空： Tom is very outgoing, _____ (when/ while/as) Jane is shy and quiet. Some people waste food ____ (as/when/while) others haven’t enough. 时间状语从句连词while 2)虽然，尽管（约等于although) While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. While I think living in poverty is bad, I don‘t care about money. 和although相比，while语气比较弱，比较口语化。Although正式，语气也强烈。 时间状语从句连词as as 多用在口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”， 有时还有“随着”的含义。 The board split as I sawed it. 考题1 ____ he was going out, it began to snow. (强调两个动作先后发生) A. After B. While C. As D. Till   比较while, when, as 1) as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2) 当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 做完工作后你能休息一下。 时间状语从句连词when 3) 从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，天气越来越差。 考题1 (上海崇明) I’ll give the message to her as soon as she _______. A. is returning B. returns C. will return D. returned 时间状语从句连词before Before 的用法 Long before+事件 (在...以前很久), before long=soon (不久以后), not long before+事件 (不久), 他出生以前很久祖父已经过世。 Long before he was born, his grandfather died. 他出生前不久，祖父过世了。 His grandfather died not long before his birth. 时间状语从句连词by the time By the time 用法 By the time +过去时间：到...时间 (句子主句要用过去完成时) The other students had finished eating lunch by the time the boy entered the school canteen. 到那个男孩进入学校食堂时，其他学生已经吃好中饭了。 回顾：By+ 将来时间 搭配什么时态？ 时间状语从句连词as soon as as soon as 1) 讲过去的事情 他一到家里，就打开所有的灯和能发出声音的电器。 He opened all the lights and appliances that can make noise as soon as he reached home. 2) 讲一般的情况 Researchers found that women are overcome by a burning desire to share gossip as soon as they hear it. 研究发现女人一听到八卦消息就有一种强烈的欲望想去分享它。 时间状语从句连词the moment The moment/the second /first time The moment The first time I saw her, I was attracted by her beauty. I was attracted by her beauty the first time I saw her 我一看到她被她吸引了。 她一听到这个消息就来到了现场。 She came here the moment she heard the news. 时间状语从句连词No sooner…than No sooner….than 一…… 就 固定公式：No sooner had sb done(倒过完) than sb did (一般过) No sooner _____ she _____ (sit) down than the phone rang. No sooner _____ the fans ______ (see) the movie star than they cried. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. (保原意，改写句子) I _____ ______ _______ got home than it began to rain. 表示：一…就…连词总结 表示“一…就…”的结构汇总：hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思。 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. 时间状语从句连词Whenever Whenever, no matter when, every/each time每当；每次；任何时候 Whenever I come up to Tianjin, I call at my teacher’s home. 每次我来到天津，我都会打电话给我的老师。 =No matter when I come to Tianjin, I call at my teacher’s home. =I call at my teacher’s home each/every time I come up to Tianjin. 时间状语从句连词once Once：曾经；一旦(注意时态) Once it is shown on TV, this cartoon will be very popular. 这部卡通片一旦在电视上放映就会很火。 你一旦碰到她，就会知道我之前说的话是真的。 Once you meet her, you’ll know what I have said is true. 时间状语从句连词until until：直到 not…until 直到…才 They talked on and on until four o'clock in the morning. 用否定句改写: They didn’t stop talking until four o’clock in the morning. 炎热的天气一直持续到九月。 1) The hot weather continues until September. 2)The hot weather doesn’t stop until September. 时间状语从句连词until 考题1 (上海松江) Mr. Zhang didn’t have a rest _____ he finished the project with his workmates in the company. A. after B. while C. until D. when 考题2 (上海一模卷) The fireman stopped working when all the workers were saved. (保原意，改写句子) The fireman _____ stop working _____ all the workers were saved. 考题3 (上海一模卷) My father started the engine after we all went downstairs. (保原意，改写句子) My father _____ start the engine _____ we all went downstairs. It is not until… that… 固定句型It is not until… that…的用法 It is not until yesterday that he realized his mistakes. 他直到昨天才意识到他的错误。 It is not until recently that doctors found out the causes of lung cancer. 直到最近医生才找出肺癌的病因。 It is not until she experienced a series of defeats that she realized that her idea was wrong. 直到经历了一系列的挫败后她才发现她的想法是错的。 时间状语从句与及其主句的时态 (1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态（主将从现） Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。 I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。 时间状语从句与及其主句的时态 (2) 与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态（主现完从过） He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了? 时间状语从句与及其主句的时态 注：在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一现在时： It seems like years since we last met.  我们似乎几年未见面了。 Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。 二，地点状语从句 地点状语从句连词where Go where you want to go. Where there is a will, there is a way. You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. =Where you have any questions, you’d better make a mark. 注：地点状语从句中用的where通常不用句首 地点状语从句连词everywhere Everywhere：每一处 Everywhere Jenny goes she’s mistaken for her sister. 无论走到哪个地方，詹妮都被误认为是她妹妹。 地点状语从句连词wherever Wherever的用法 Wherever/no matter where there is smoke, there is fire. 哪里有烟哪里就有火。 Wherever/No matter where you are, I shall be with you. 不论你在哪里我都会陪着你。 Wherever，where，no matter where wherever 可以用做句子的名词和地点状语部分，也可以充当让步状语从句（不论哪里) no matter where 只能用于让步状语从句。 Wherever 强调无论哪里 where 只是那里 Wherever，where，no matter where 答题技巧：如果选项中同时出现wherever 和 no matter where，通常选wherever 。 Wherever 强调“无论哪里” where 只是“哪里” I’ll go wherever you are. (地点状语) 不能改成： I’ll go no matter where you are. × Wherever her mum goes, she’ll follow her. (让步状语从句) =No matter where her mum goes, she’ll follow her.(让步状语从句) practice After the war, a new school building was put up _____ there had once been a theatre. A. that            B. where         C. which          D.when You should make it a rule to leave things _____ you can find them again. A. when             B. where        C. then         D. there 三，原因状语从句 原因状语从句连词because 1) because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。 --Why were you absent ? --Because I was ill yesterday. I didn't go, because I was afraid. 当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 原因状语从句连词because 关于not…because结构 该结构中的否定词有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般要根据句子的意思作出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。 若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释： I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我没有去是因为怕。/ 我不是因为怕才去。 原因状语从句连词because 不过若because之前有just修饰，一般认为not 是否定从句的： You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。 原因状语从句连词because Because不与so连用 汉语习惯上说“因为…所以…”，但英语习惯上却不能将 so与because 连用： 因为下雨，所以我们呆在家里。 正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home. 误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home. He is disappointed because he failed again.用so改写 ： he failed again so he is disappointed. 原因状语从句连词for 2) 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. The day breaks，because the sun is rising. The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 原因状语从句连词for 3)for不能用在句首，只能用在逗号后面。 He can’t have gone out，for the light’s on. 他不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 原因状语从句连词since Since 众所周知的原因=now that Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然没人反对这个提议，那我们就过了噢！ 原因状语从句连词as As 由于，因为，直接原因，语气比because 弱，还用于其他固定词组中如As we all know, As is known to all As you request it, I will come. 既然你要求了我会来的。 她没车，只能在家呆着。 As she has no car， she has to stay at home. 原因状语从句连词because of Now that 、Because of、owing to、due to 、Thanks to 后加名词 because 从句与 because of短语的转换： Because引导的原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换： He can’t come because he is ill. ＝He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不能来。 原因状语从句连词because of I said nothing about it because his wife was there. ＝ I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 因为他妻子在那儿，我对此事只字未提。 Practice 考题1 (上海浦东新区) Every Double Ninth Festival people climb up high _____ they think they can get good luck and live a long life. A. because B. so that C. as soon as D. though   考题2 (上海奉贤) Peter didn’t visit the Science Museum ______ he had visited it before. A) though B) if C) when D) because 四，目的状语从句 目的状语从句连词 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that，in case, for fear等词引导： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些，以便他们能理解你。 He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。 目的状语从句连词 注：so that 引导目的状语从句时有时可省略so而只用that，有时也可只用so： Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我将做给你看，以便你知道应怎样干。 目的状语从句与状语短语的转换 为了简洁起见，当目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，目的状语从句有时可用表目的的不定式短语替换： so that 转变：so as to家动词原形 In order that 转变：in order to 加动词原形 目的状语从句与状语短语的转换 He got up early so that he could catch the early bus. ＝ He got up early so as to catch the early bus. 他起床很早以便赶上早班车。 He came in quietly in order that he shouldn’t wake his wife. ＝He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他轻轻进来，以免把他妻子吵醒。 目的状语从句与状语短语的转换 so that =in order that 没有任何区别， so as to 和in order to 加动词原形 但是so as to 不能放句首 so that (目的), so….that (结果) 目的状语从句与介词短语的转换 有时还可与表示目的的介词短语替换： He left an hour early for fear that he might miss the train. ＝He left an hour early for fear of missing the train. 他提前一小时离开，以免错过火车。 目的状语从句连词in case in case既可引导目的状语从句，表示万一 in case也可引导条件状语从句，表示以免： In case he comes, let me know. 万一他来，告诉我一声。 Tell me in case you get into difficulty. 告诉我以免你遇到麻烦。 目的状语从句连词in case 注：in case引导目的状语从句，从句有时可用“should+动词原形”这样的形式： Take your coat in case it rains (should rain). 带着雨衣以防下雨。 五，结果状语从句 结果状语从句连词 主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等： He studied hard so that he passed the exam. 他学习用功，所以考试通过了。 He was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 他气得话都说不出来。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大，结果玻璃震破了。 so…that与such…that的用法比较 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so…that与such…that的用法比较 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people 注：so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 so…that与such…that的用法比较 注：在much, many, little, few 这四个词前总是用so而不用such： He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他摔了许多跤，结果全身都是伤。 He earns so little money that he can hardly feed his family. 他赚的钱很少几乎不能养家糊口。 so…that与such…that的用法比较 考题1 (上海浦东新区) The price of flat is so high that many people can’t afford it now. (保持句意基本不变) The price of flat is _______ _______ for many people to afford it now.   考题2 (上海松江) The problem is too difficult for us to work out. (保持句意基本不变) The problem is ________ difficult that ________ can work it out. so…that与such…that的用法比较 选词填空： I have had so ______ (much/few/many) falls that I am black and blue all over. Mr. Green had so ______ (few/little/much) money that he was unable to buy anything. There are so _____ (few/many/little) notebooks that I can’t give you any. He had so _____ (much/little/few) homework to do that he had to decide not to see the film that night. 结果状语从句与不定式短语的转换 由so that和so…that引导的结果状语从句有时可与表结果的so as to和so…as to引出的不定式短语转换： He arrived late so that he missed the train. ＝ He arrived late so as to miss the train. 他到得很迟，结果未赶上火车。 He wrote so carefully that he made no mistakes. ＝He wrote so carefully as to make no mistakes. 他写得很仔细，所以没有出错。 so that引导目状语和结果状语的区别 (1)含义上的区别：引导目的状语从句时表示的是一种意欲或可能性，引导结果从句时表示的是一种事实。 so that引导目状语和结果状语的区别 (2) 形式上的区别：引导目的状语从句中有 can中/ could, may / might, will /would 以及should等情态动词，如果没有，则多半是结果从句。 We’ve come early so that the meeting can begin promptly. 我们来得很早，以便可以马上开会。(so that 引导目的状语从句) We are all here now, so that the meeting begin at last. 我们现在都到齐了，终于能开会了。 (so that 引导结果状语从句) so that引导目状语和结果状语的区别 I am going to the lecture early so that I’ll get a good seat. 我想早点去听演讲，以便找个好座位。(so that 引导目的状语从句) I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早，所以找个好座位。(so that 引导结果状语从句) 特殊情况 so…that和such…that有时不引导结果状语句 so…that和such…that可以引导结果状语从句，但并不是说它们引导的从句就一定是结果状语。请看以下句子： I’m so happy that you could visit us. 我很高兴你能来看望我们。(其中的so用于加强语气，相当于very) It’s such a great pleasure that you are here. 你在这里是非常令人高兴的事。(其中的that引导的是主语从句，句首的it为形式主语) 六，条件状语从句 条件状语从句连词if；unless if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句在虚拟语气中阐述。 1) 考试常考点：unless = if not 除非 Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. I won't go if you don't pay me back the money you own me. =I won't go____ ____ _____ ____ _____ the money you own me. 条件状语从句连词if；unless 考题1 (上海普陀区) You’ll probably fail the P.E. exam again ______ you practise more. A. when B. unless C. if D. after   考题2 (浙江真题) ----Would you like to go to the park with me, Susan? ----I’d like to, _____ you don’t want to go alone. A. until B. before C. if D. after 条件状语从句连词if；unless 考题3 (上海黄浦区) Be quick, or you will miss the school bus. (保持句意基本不变) You will miss the school bus ____________ you _________ quick.   考题4 (上海静安区) Jack won’t go to have a barbecue with us. He should finish the work first. (合并为一句) Jack won’t go to have a barbecue with us _________ he _________ the work on time. 条件状语从句连词if；unless 考题5 (上海松江) Put on your coat, or you’ll catch a cold. (保持句意基本不变) ________ you ________ put on your coat, you’ll catch a cold. 条件状语从句连词as long as As long as 只要 As long as it doesn’t rain we can go. 只要不下雨，我们就可以去。 条件状语从句其它连词 除以上基本的引导条件状语从句的从属连词外，还有的动词尤其是其分词形式(如suppose, supposing, provided, providing等)和介词短语(如in case, on condition that等)也可用作连词表示条件： In case I forget, please remind me about it. 万一我忘记，请提醒我一下。 条件状语从句其它连词 I will come on condition (that) she is invited too. 如果邀请她来, 那我就来。 He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及时到，就可以和我们一起走。 条件状语从句其它连词 Suppose 和supposing 引导条件状语从句时，通常用于主句为疑问句的场合： Suppose the boss saw you，what would he say? 如果老板看到你，他会怎样说? Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him? 他若不来，是不是不带他去? 条件状语从句的时态 1）主将从现原则 If it rains tomorrow, we’ll stay at home. If you don’t look after young trees, they will die quickly. 条件状语从句的时态 2）祈使句+and/or/otherwise +一般将来时 If you use your head, you’ll find a way. =Use your head and you’ll find a way. Work even harder, or you will never pass the exam.(用if改写；2种) You will never pass the exam if you don’t work even harder. You will pass the exam if you work even harder. 七，比较状语从句 比较状语从句连词 比较状语从句常用than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等引导。  I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.     He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. The busier he is, the happier he feels. 比较状语从句连词 考题1 (上海静安区) The newly built bridge enables us to go to Chong Ming island _______ than before. A. easily B. more easily C. most easily D. the most easily   考题2 (上海闵行区) Now Shanghai has become one of ______ cities in the world. A. attractive B. more attractive C. most attractive D. the most attractive 比较状语从句连词 考题3 (上海金山) In exams, the more careful you are, the ____ mistakes you’ll make. A. more B. less C. fewer D. few   比较状语从句连词no more than No more than =only “仅仅；只不过……” She has got no more than 3 pairs of shoes. 她仅仅有三双鞋子。=only They have learned no more than two thousand words since they started leanring English 10 years ago. 学英文十年以来。他们才学了 (只不过才学了) 2000个单词。=only Jack is no more than a poor street boy. 杰克只不过是个可怜的流浪儿。=just,only 八，方式状语从句 方式状语从句连词as, (just) as…so… 1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如…”，“就像”，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 时常对待别人像对待自己一样。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 空气于人就如水于鱼一样重要。 方式状语从句连词as if, as though as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. (虚拟or真实？) It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. (虚拟or真实？) 方式状语从句连词as You must do as your parents tell you. 你必须按你父母说的去做。 注：(1) 在非正式文体中，like也可用连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似： Nobody loves you like I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。 (2) 有时the way 也可用作连词，表示方式，与as的用法相似： The didn’t do it the way we do now. 那时他们不像我们现在这样行事。 九，让步状语从句 让步状语从句连词though；although though, although 注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but， 但是 though 和yet可连用；although 可以和still 连用。 Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. He is very old, but he still works very hard. For most big fire survivors, though the sore may be healed, yet a scar may remain. 让步状语从句连词though；although 1. ___ she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless 2. He didn’t know anyone at the party, ____ he had a very good time. A. because B. when C. if D. but   考题1 (上海杨浦) _______ Thanksgiving Day is a western festival, it’s still a chance for us to thank our parents. A. Although B. If C. When D. Because 让步状从连词even if；even though even if就算 (带假设), even though即使. We‘ll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不佳我们也要去旅行。 Even if I have to sell my house, I’ll keep my business going. 即使我卖掉房子也要继续做这个生意。 让步状从连词whether… or 用whether…or…引导让步状语从句：不管……都 I’ll do it whether you like it or not. 不管你是否喜欢，我都要做。 Whether we help him or not, he will fail. 不论我们帮助他与否, 他都将失败。 让步状从连词while 用while引导让步状语从句。不要认为while只引导时间状语从句，其实它也可引导让步状语从句，意思是“尽管”或“虽然”： While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 让步状从连词no matter－ no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 让步状从连词－ever 这些词在用法应注意以下几点： (1) 它们均可引导让步状语从句，意为“无论…”： Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。 Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。 让步状从连词－ever Whichever day you come, I’ll be pleased to see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。 Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。 Wherever he goes, I’ll go. 不管他去哪里，我也去。 让步状从连词－ever (2) 它们引导让步状语从句时，通常可换成no matter…， No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。 No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。 No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。 让步状从连词－ever 注意：no matter 不能引导名词性从句和状语从句，只能引导让步状语从句（不管...）。 No matter who spits in the street will be fined. (×) Whoever spits in the street will be fined. (√) 让步状从连词－ever 判别下列句子的对错： _____ No matter what you say is of no use now. _____ Whatever you say is of no use now. _____ Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given, _____ Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.　 让步状从连词－ever whenever有时可引导时间状语从句，wherever 有时可引导地点状语从句： Whenever we see him we speak to him. 每次见到他，我们都和他说话。（时间状从） They teach wherever their pupils are working. 学生在哪里工作，教师们就在哪里上课。（地点状从） 让步状从连词however (3) 注意however的以下种句型： ① however+主语+谓语： However you travel, it’ll take you at least three days. 不管你怎么走，至少要三天。 However you come, be sure to come early. 不管你怎么来，一定要早来。 让步状从连词however ② however+形容词或副词+主语+谓语： However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少, 他都不发胖。 However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她都会去游泳。 让步状语从句与倒装 引导倒装的让步状语从句通常用as和though，但不是能用although： Poor though I am, I can afford it. 我虽穷，但这东西还是买得起的。 Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there. 尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。 Thank You Very Much! $$