Welcome Unit 限时作业-2024-2025学年高一上学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

课时练习1（建议用时：25分钟） Ⅰ.阅读理解 Passage 1 (原创)Preschool children are sensitive to the gap between how much they know and how much there is to learn, according to a study from Rutgers University. The research, published in the journal Psychological Science, found preschool children are more likely to choose to gather more information about something if they know just enough about it to find it interesting, but not too much that it becomes boring. Researchers say this “optimal” amount of existing knowledge creates the perfect mix of uncertainty and curiosity in children and motivates them to learn more. “There is an infinite amount of information in the real world,” said lead author Jenny Wang, an assistant professor of cognitive psychology at Rutgers.“Yet despite having to learn so much in such a short amount of time, young children seem to learn happily and effectively. We wanted to understand what drives their curiosity.” The study focused on how children's knowledge level influences what information they find interesting. The findings suggest that children are not simply attracted to information by its novelty. According to Wang, children are naturally curious but the difficult question is how to harness this natural curiosity.“Ultimately, findings like this will help parents and educators better support children when they actively explore and learn about the world,” Wang said. In a series of experiments, Wang and her coauthors designed in-person and online storybooks to measure how much preschool children aged 3-5 years know about different “knowledge domains”. The experiment also assessed their ability to understand and comprehend a specific topic, such as contagion（传染病）, and asked how children's current knowledge level predicts their interest in learning more about it, including whether someone will get sick after playing with a sneezing friend. The findings surprised Wang and her coauthors： it was children in the middle who showed the most interest in learning more about contagion, compared to children who knew too little or too much. 1. What did the research find?（ ） A. Preschool children are eager to learn more for lack of knowledge. B. Preschool children's knowledge may drive them to learn more. C. The more a preschool child knows about something, the more he wants to learn. D. There is a gap between how much children know and how much they need to learn. 2. Why did the researchers conduct the study?（ ） A. To figure out what curiosity is. B. To know how much preschool children have known. C. To know how knowledge level influences children's interest. D. To know whether preschool children are curious about knowledge. 3. Which word below can best replace the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 5?（ ） A. Support. B. Attack. C. Restrict. D. Use. 4. How did the researchers conduct the study?（） A. They designed a storybook to get children to read more. B. They sold storybooks online to measure children's knowledge. C. They did experiments to test whether someone will get sick after playing with a sneezing friend. D. They designed storybooks to measure children's knowledge level and predict their curiosity to learn more. 语篇解读 文章主要阐述了学龄前儿童已有的知识水平与想学习更多知识的好奇心之间的关系的研究。 Passage 2 [2024·九省适应性考试]For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 5.What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior?（ ） A.They are interested in acting. B.They are shy with the strangers. C.They are fond of their playmates. D.They are tired of playing games. 6.What does the author suggest parents do for their kids?（ ） A.Design games for them. B.Find them suitable playmates. C.Play together with them. D.Help them understand social rules. 7.What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4?（ A ） A.Giving examples. B.Explaining concepts. C.Providing evidence. D.Making comparisons. 8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?（ ） A.How Children Adapt to Changes B.How to Be a Role Model for Children C.How Your Baby Learns to Love D.How to Communicate with Your Kid 语篇解读 文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力培养的重要性,并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时,文章还提供了一些建议和方法,帮助家长在幼儿的社交互动中发挥积极作用,培养他们的同情心和表达能力,使他们学会建立友谊。 Ⅱ.语法填空 [2023·河南开封模拟改编]It's easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate. Between work 1.  （responsibility） and personal obligations（义务）, life can get stressful. It's even 2.  （stressful） when you forget something important. By creating organized to-do lists, you can prioritize the things you need to do, keep track of 3.   still needs to be completed, and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life. List all of the tasks that you need 4.  （accomplish）. These can range from “finish the presentation for work next week” 5.  “find a present for Mom's birthday next month”. Then sort your master list into categories. By creating separate lists, you can 6.  （complete） focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at 7.   time. Next, make your lists aesthetically-pleasing （赏心悦目的）．This may sound superficial and 8.  （necessary），but it really can help change the way you look at your to-do lists. Make your to-do lists for the current day only. Keep it simple! This will help you organize your tasks in order of priority, and you won't feel overwhelmed while 9.  （look） ahead at tasks for tomorrow, next week, or next month. Be realistic about what can 10.  （finish） in 24 hours. Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things, and maybe even less than five. 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 课时练习1（建议用时：25分钟） Ⅰ.阅读理解 Passage 1 (原创)Preschool children are sensitive to the gap between how much they know and how much there is to learn, according to a study from Rutgers University. The research, published in the journal Psychological Science, found preschool children are more likely to choose to gather more information about something if they know just enough about it to find it interesting, but not too much that it becomes boring. Researchers say this “optimal” amount of existing knowledge creates the perfect mix of uncertainty and curiosity in children and motivates them to learn more. “There is an infinite amount of information in the real world,” said lead author Jenny Wang, an assistant professor of cognitive psychology at Rutgers.“Yet despite having to learn so much in such a short amount of time, young children seem to learn happily and effectively. We wanted to understand what drives their curiosity.” The study focused on how children's knowledge level influences what information they find interesting. The findings suggest that children are not simply attracted to information by its novelty. According to Wang, children are naturally curious but the difficult question is how to harness this natural curiosity.“Ultimately, findings like this will help parents and educators better support children when they actively explore and learn about the world,” Wang said. In a series of experiments, Wang and her coauthors designed in-person and online storybooks to measure how much preschool children aged 3-5 years know about different “knowledge domains”. The experiment also assessed their ability to understand and comprehend a specific topic, such as contagion（传染病）, and asked how children's current knowledge level predicts their interest in learning more about it, including whether someone will get sick after playing with a sneezing friend. The findings surprised Wang and her coauthors： it was children in the middle who showed the most interest in learning more about contagion, compared to children who knew too little or too much. 1. What did the research find?（ B ） A. Preschool children are eager to learn more for lack of knowledge. B. Preschool children's knowledge may drive them to learn more. C. The more a preschool child knows about something, the more he wants to learn. D. There is a gap between how much children know and how much they need to learn. [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers say this ‘optimal’ amount of existing knowledge creates the perfect mix of uncertainty and curiosity in children and motivates them to learn more.”可知，研究结果是学龄前儿童对某件事的现有最佳的知识量会促使他们学习更多的知识。 2. Why did the researchers conduct the study?（ C ） A. To figure out what curiosity is. B. To know how much preschool children have known. C. To know how knowledge level influences children's interest. D. To know whether preschool children are curious about knowledge. [解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “The study focused on how children's knowledge level influences what information they find interesting.”可知，研究者们开展研究的原因是他们想弄明白知识水平是如何影响孩子们的学习兴趣的。 3. Which word below can best replace the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 5?（ D ） A. Support. B. Attack. C. Restrict. D. Use. [解析]词句猜测题。根据画线单词后的“Ultimately, findings like this will help parents and educators better support children when they actively explore and learn about the world”可知，儿童天生的好奇心大有益处，而困难在于如何利用它，故harness在此处的词义与use相近。 4. How did the researchers conduct the study?（ D ） A. They designed a storybook to get children to read more. B. They sold storybooks online to measure children's knowledge. C. They did experiments to test whether someone will get sick after playing with a sneezing friend. D. They designed storybooks to measure children's knowledge level and predict their curiosity to learn more. [解析]细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中陈述的实验细节内容可知，在一系列的实验中,研究者们设计了一些可以衡量学龄前儿童的认知能力和知识水平的故事书，并用提问题的方式来预测孩子们的求知欲。 语篇解读 文章主要阐述了学龄前儿童已有的知识水平与想学习更多知识的好奇心之间的关系的研究。 Passage 2 [2024·九省适应性考试]For lots of kids, toddlerhood (幼儿期) is an important time for friendship. Studies show that the earlier kids learn to form positive relationships, the better they are at relating to others as teenagers and adults. Playing together also helps these kids practice social behaviors, such as kindness, sharing, and cooperation. Even so, how quickly your child develops into a social creature may also depend on his temperament(性格). Some toddlers are very social, but others are shy. In addition, the way that toddlers demonstrate that they like other children is markedly different from what adults think of as expressions of friendship. Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying “I like you” during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior. This seemingly unusual way of demonstrating fondness can result in unpleasant behavior. Regardless of how much they like a playmate, they may still grab his toys, refuse to share, and get bossy. But experts say that this is a normal and necessary part of friendship for kids this age. Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them. Begin by helping your child learn sympathy (“Ben is crying. What's making him so sad?”), then suggest how he could resolve the problem (“Maybe he would feel better if you let him play the ball.”). When your child shares or shows empathy(同理心) toward a friend, praise him (“Ben stopped crying! You made him feel better.”). Another way to encourage healthy social interaction is by encouraging kids to use words—not fists—to express how they feel. It's also important to be mindful of how your child's personality affects playtime. Kids are easy to get angry when they're sleepy or hungry, so schedule playtime when they're refreshed. 5.What does it indicate when toddlers copy their playmates' behavior?（ C ） A.They are interested in acting. B.They are shy with the strangers. C.They are fond of their playmates. D.They are tired of playing games. [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Research at Ohio State University in Columbus found that a toddler's way of saying ‘I like you’ during play is likely to come in the form of copying a friend's behavior.”可知,蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢这个朋友。 6.What does the author suggest parents do for their kids?（ D ） A.Design games for them. B.Find them suitable playmates. C.Play together with them. D.Help them understand social rules. [解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Through play experiences, toddlers learn social rules. That's why it's so important to take an active role in your toddler's social encounters by setting limits and offering frequent reminders of what they are. When you establish these guidelines, explain the reasons behind them.”可知,作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设置限制,并且经常提醒孩子们哪些不能做,同时解释其背后的原因,帮助孩子理解社交规则。 7.What is the function of the quoted statements in Paragraph 4?（ A ） A.Giving examples. B.Explaining concepts. C.Providing evidence. D.Making comparisons. [解析]推理判断题。通读第四段可知,每一个括号中的内容都在举例解释说明其前面的语句,如第一个括号内容解释了什么是同情心,第二个括号内容解释了如何解决问题,第三个则是对如何表扬孩子进行举例说明。 8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?（ C ） A.How Children Adapt to Changes B.How to Be a Role Model for Children C.How Your Baby Learns to Love D.How to Communicate with Your Kid [解析]主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱,学会建立友谊,故C选项“How Your Baby Learns to Love”符合题意。 语篇解读 文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力培养的重要性,并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时,文章还提供了一些建议和方法,帮助家长在幼儿的社交互动中发挥积极作用,培养他们的同情心和表达能力,使他们学会建立友谊。 Ⅱ.语法填空 [2023·河南开封模拟改编]It's easy to get overwhelmed when you have a lot on your plate. Between work 1.  （responsibility） and personal obligations（义务）, life can get stressful. It's even 2.  （stressful） when you forget something important. By creating organized to-do lists, you can prioritize the things you need to do, keep track of 3.   still needs to be completed, and feel productive and prepared in all areas of your life. List all of the tasks that you need 4.  （accomplish）. These can range from “finish the presentation for work next week” 5.  “find a present for Mom's birthday next month”. Then sort your master list into categories. By creating separate lists, you can 6.  （complete） focus your attention and energy on one set of tasks at 7.   time. Next, make your lists aesthetically-pleasing （赏心悦目的）．This may sound superficial and 8.  （necessary），but it really can help change the way you look at your to-do lists. Make your to-do lists for the current day only. Keep it simple! This will help you organize your tasks in order of priority, and you won't feel overwhelmed while 9.  （look） ahead at tasks for tomorrow, next week, or next month. Be realistic about what can 10.  （finish） in 24 hours. Your daily to-do lists should have less than ten things, and maybe even less than five. 1. responsibilities [解析]此处responsibility为可数名词，根据and后面的obligations可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填responsibilities。 2. more stressful [解析]副词even修饰形容词的比较级形式，stressful的比较级是more stressful。故填more stressful。 3. what [解析]分析句子结构可知，介词of后面是宾语从句，此空在从句中作主语，意为“什么事情”。故填what。 4. to accomplish [解析]need to do sth为固定短语，意为“需要做某事”，此空应用动词不定式作宾语。故填to accomplish。 5. to range [解析]from...to...为固定短语，意为“范围从……到……”。故填to。 6. completely [解析]此处应用副词修饰动词focus。故填completely。 7. a [解析]at a time为固定短语，意为“一次；每次”。故填a。 8. unnecessary [解析]根据空前的superficial和and可知，此处表示“不必要的”。故填unnecessary。 9. looking [解析]分析句子结构可知，此处为时间状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式为“while you are looking ahead at tasks...”。故填looking。 10. be finished [解析]分析句子结构可知，此空在宾语从句中作谓语。what在从句中作主语，和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，且空前有情态动词can。故填be finished。 语篇解读 当你有很多事情要做的时候，你很容易不知所措。文章介绍了处理这种问题的方法。 第 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$