精品解析：陕西省西安市周至县第六中学2023-2024学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题

周至六中2023-2024学年度第一学期期末考试 高二英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第1卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How will Crystal spend most of her time in Italy? A. Dealing with her work. B. Traveling around. C. Visiting her sister. 2. What else do the speakers need? A. Potatoes. B. Beef. C. Pork sausages. 3. Why did the woman go to Matt’s shop? A. For its cats. B. For its coffee. C. For its books. 4. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. An actor. B. A movie. C. A friend. 5 What does the man think of the restaurant? A. Very disappointing. B. Quite satisfactory. C. Just so-so. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Show his ID card. B. Pay extra. C. Open his suitcases. 7. What will the man probably do next? A. Go through security. B. Board the plane. C. Get his boarding pass. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. What is Steve’s favorite sport? A. Running. B. Swimming. C. Basketball. 9. Where does the woman like to run? A. In the gym. B. In her neighborhood. C. Near the West Lake. 10. Who is Steve probably talking to? A. His colleague. B. His neighbor. C. His coach. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11. What is the woman going to do after school? A. Go to her uncle’s house. B. Adopt a little cat. C. Buy some food for herself. 12. Why does the man refuse the woman’s invitation? A. He doesn’t feel well. B. He needs to look after his mother. C. He has to go to the pet clinic. 13. How many cats does the man have now? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14 How does the woman sound at first? A. Concerned. B. Unhappy. C. Amazed. 15. What does the woman suggest Bill do? A. Apologize for his mistake. B. Work in another industry. C. Enrich his knowledge first. 16. What did the woman major in? A. Education. B. Economics. C. Computer Science. 17. What is Bill likely to do next? A. Sign up for a course. B. Meet his leader. C. Make a phone call. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. How did most people in the room react to the speaker’s idea? A. Favorably. B. Anxiously. C. Calmly. 19. What did the speaker’s grandfather ask him to do? A. Be friendly to others. B. Accept the changes. C. Learn to be himself. 20. What do we know about the speaker? A. He is a host now. B. He has more than one child. C. He writes books about children. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A For children, space is magical — a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. System and Beyond by David A Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 1. What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A. They include less-known astronauts. B. They tell about scientists’ childhood. C. They cover women exploring space. D. They are suitable for children of all ages. 2. Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A. Stasia Burrington’s. B. Libby Jackson’s. C. Leland Melvin’s. D. David A. Aguilar’s. 3. What is unique to System and Beyond? A. It has beautiful pictures. B. It tells about space artists. C. It has won many grand awards. D. It was written by an astronomer. B Nowadays, we can read almost all "truths" on social media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might "misrepresent the real world", according to a study by computer scientists from McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University. The scientists warn that gathering information about public views and trends from these sites is unwise. There are still large parts of the population who do not take part in social media activities. Also, there's a risk that many social media users are under-represented. Instagram, for example, appeals to younger adults in urban areas while Pinterest is used mainly by females aged 25 to 34. And only 5 percent of the micro-messaging service users are over 65 years old, according to the study. However, this is not the only issue, according to the scientific team. The design of a website can influence how people behave online, creating what the researchers call "Internet bias". For example, micro-blogging sites such as Weibo promote "popular" stories. It saves time for some but it also limits readers' choice of what they see. In the end, many people open those stories and make them more "popular". But it's not because they choose those stories. Rather, it is because the content is right in front of them. Besides, it's possible that not everyone on your social networks is real. There might actually be a few fake accounts among them. Fake "bots" pretend to be humans and are often included when measuring or predicting human behaviors online. The findings might be more important than you would think, since many social media studies are used to inform and justify decisions and investments among the public and in industry and government, according to Derek Ruths, an assistant professor of Computer Science at Mc Gill University. If the team is right, you might have to think carefully next time you say, "It's true, you know; I read it on Weibo." 4. Why does the author mention the micro-messaging and Instagram? A. Because they are the best social media sites today. B. Because they are not in favor of the current study. C. Because the public are sharing truths on these sites. D. Because information on these sites may not be reliable. 5. How is the passage developed? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By dividing into groups. D. By analyzing causes. 6. Which word can best describe the author's attitude toward information on social media sites? A. Ambiguous. B. Favorable. C. Disagreeable. D. Cautious. 7. What's the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A. To analyze why information gathered from social media sites may not be trustworthy. B. To remind readers of things they should watch out for when using social media. C. To point out the advantages and disadvantages of social media. D. To recommend popular social networking sites for readers. C In 2019, the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste. However, just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled. Since 2014, the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8 million tons—a relatively small amount, considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period. Global reserves of some elements, such as platinum, are supposed to be fully used up within 15 years if the proportion of recycled stocks entering production doesn’t increase. E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy (火法冶金术) and hydrometallurgy (湿法冶金术). However, they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint, and poisonous chemicals which are harmful to the environment. Alternatives are therefore being sought. A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative. They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes (微生物). If extended, bioleaching facilities would mean that manufacturers of EV batteries and other electronic goods would be able to recover metals locally, relying less on costly exports to recycling centers abroad. “At present, a key limitation for e-waste recycling is the lack of certification detailing the types and amounts of metals contained in electronic goods. But with an efficient recycling process appearing, manufacturers have the motivation to use more recycled material in their products, which will change the very design of electronics goods. It’s about closing the loop of a product’s life cycle,” said the leader of the Bioleaching Research Group, Sebastien Farnaud. Ultimately, bioleaching technology is born out of the idea of creating a truly circular process for the things that we consume. We need to shift from a mindset and economy where we see waste as an end product, to one where there isn’t even a start or an end at all. 8. What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 indicate？ A. People pay no attention to e-waste recycling. B. The recycling rate of e-waste is comparatively low. C. E-waste has caused serious environmental problems. D. The amount of e-waste is sharply increasing every year. 9. What is the disadvantage of current ways of recycling e-waste？ A. They are not environmentally friendly. B. They only apply to certain e-waste. C. They generate metals with a complex process. D. They cause a sharp rise in local temperatures. 10. What do we know about the bioleaching technology？ A. It has been applied abroad. B. It releases no poisonous gas. C. It recovers metals by microbes. D. It promotes the local export trade. 11. The text is most probably a part of ______. A. a travel guide B. a fiction novel C. a health magazine D. a scientific journal D Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on crashes raises questions about their safety. Despite Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s claim that their Autopilot capability makes their cars “ extremely safer,” data suggests otherwise. According to The Washington Post, the number of deaths and serious injuries associated with Tesla’s driver-assistance technology is higher than previously reported. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recorded 736 crashes since 2019, with at least 17 of them being fatal. These figures include crashes involving both Autopilot, which allows cars to drive on highways without human intervention(干预), and the newer Full Self-Driving feature, which extends automation to city streets. However, these statistics can’t record incidents that were avoided due to the cars’ safety features. Additionally, when compared to the total number of car crashes that occurred last year, the number of crashes involving driver-assistance vehicles appears relatively small, but actually it’s not. Tesla’s safety claims lack context as Autopilot is primarily designed for highways, while most accidents occur in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. Moreover, Tesla’s customer base consists mainly of wealthier individuals who live in communities with lower accident rates. Concerns are raised by Tesla’s request to the NHTSA not to reveal whether Autopilot or Full Self-Driving was in use during fatal crashes. This lack of transparency (透明) prevents a comprehensive analysis of the incidents and raises questions about responsibility. Safety exaggerations combined with Tesla’s aggressive marketing have led to accidents caused by drivers relying too heavily on the system. Full Self-Driving does not allow the car to fully drive itself, and drivers are expected to remain attentive and ready to intervene at all times. However, Tesla’s messaging may mislead some users into believing otherwise. While a driverless future has the potential to be safer, it is crucial not to convince the public that underdeveloped capabilities are ready for widespread use. Tesla should address past problems, ensure their automation set can detect(检测) emergency vehicles, and be transparent with the public about the limitations of their technology. 12. What can we learn about Tesla’s driver-assistance-related crashes? A. 736 fatal cases of self-driving are recorded. B. NHTSA focused on the crashes on highways. C. The total number of car crashes is extremely small. D. The incidents avoided are not counted in the crash statistics. 13. What can be inferred about Tesla’s safety claims? A They are supported by comprehensive data. B. They are based on limited driving environment. C. They are restricted to the experiences of satisfied customers. D. They have been proven to be accurate and reliable by NHTSA． 14. What can we know about Full Self-Driving? A. It is ill-received. B. It is well-developed. C. It needs the driver to stay focused. D. It reduces the accidents greatly. 15. Which title best summarizes the content of this text? A. Concerns and Questions Surrounding Tesla’s “Self-Driving” Cars B. Tesla’s Self-Driving Cars: The Safest Option of Driving on the Road C. The Future of Self-Driving Cars: A Closer Look at Tesla’s Technology D. Reconstruction and Revolution of Tesla’s Autopilot and Full Self-Driving 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Anxiety is a normal feeling characterized by worry or fear. For example, if you have a big test, or when you don’t know how an event will turn out, you are likely to be anxious. ____16____ Here are tips to reduce your symptoms（症状）. *Get the right amount of sleep. Getting the proper amount of sleep at night is important. Your mind and body can reset, which helps you make better decisions when you wake up. This can also help adjust your moods and allow you to be able to get through your daily tasks.____17____ After doing this for a while, your body may start to get tired at the same time each day, which could mean you will have an easier time going to sleep each night. *____18____ Breathing deeply can often help regulate anxious physical symptoms. When you breathe in deeply, not only does oxygen enter your body, but you also have to take a minute to change what you are doing. Sometimes when you take yourself out of a stressful situation for a while, you can gain a completely new understanding of what’s going on. Try to stop and take deep breaths whenever you start to feel anxious. *Pay attention to triggers（诱因）. ____19____In some cases, these things may be obvious, but at other times, you may have trouble identifying them. You can start writing down what happens to you in a journal so that you can rule out certain events and habits. Anxiety is a part of life, but it doesn’t have to prevent you from living the life you want. There are many ways to change your life and habits.____20____ A. Learn how to breathe. B. Living with anxiety isn’t easy. C. Examine your values and live by them. D. Stress can cause you to have trouble falling asleep. E. You should start to remove the things that trouble you. F. Be sure to take care of yourself and reduce the stress in your life. G. Try to go to sleep at the same time each night, even on the weekends. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In Istanbul, a city of 15 million people, groups of volunteers build houses for the homeless cats. There, cats can find _____21_____ food and toys, blankets and boxes by kind people to keep them out of bad weather, and even a new owner if they’re _____22_____ It all started back in 2018, when an architect named Didem Gokgoz regularly _____23_____ through a park on her way to work—in which there were always homeless cats trying to find places to keep _____24_____ in winter. To help the cats, she placed several plastic boxes they could _____25_____ in around Mistik Park, but officials ___26___ those boxes. “My friends and I went to see Mr. Mustafa Sarigul, the mayor. We _____27_____ him our designs, explained how it would work. Mr. Sarigul listened _____28_____ and said, ‘OK, do it; if we think it works, we will ___29___it.’” Gokgoz reported to a local newspaper. After getting Mr. Sarigul’s ______30______ that new houses would not be removed, Gokgoz built two houses in Mistik Park with her friends. The Mistik Park houses were a turning point, which ______31______ parks around the city’s 39 districts to follow the ______32______. “It became something normal; individuals make requests for cat houses,” she said. “That was our main ____33____and we’ve reached it. Today, everybody ______34______ that cats must have their own life spaces in the city. ”The cats too, ______35______ to the houses in the parks, and moved to them in groups. 21. A. left B. cheap C. donated D. abandoned 22. A. lucky B. active C. clean D. patient 23. A. saw B. passed C. pulled D. broke 24. A. calm B. silent C. positive D. warm 25. A. succeed B. participate C. take D. stay 26. A. removed B. kept C. changed D. replaced 27. A. bought B. sent C. showed D. lent 28. A. proudly B. carefully C. strangely D. casually 29. A. refuse B. post C. support D. announce 30. A. discipline B. restriction C. direction D. agreement 31. A. led B. asked C. forced D. advised 32. A. official B. example C. exception D. visit 33. A. idea B. core C. diet D. goal 34. A. doubts B. offers C. accepts D. quits 35. A. responded B. turned C. adapted D. applied 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, there are many places where people prefer spicy food, but no place like Zaozhuang ____36____ (have) spicy chicken dominating the locals’ dining table for hundreds of years. According to legend, in the late Qing Dynasty in Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, there was a chef named Xu Zihua, ____37____ used to work as a royal chef in the palace. He opened a restaurant after ____38____ (return) to his hometown and created “spicy chicken”. The dish has a spicy flavor, which made diners sweat but hard ____39____ (resist). There was a saying, “The guests sitting ten miles away can still smell the fragrance of the chicken”. Zaozhuang spicy chicken is ____40____ (extreme) bright in color, spicy and fragrant, with traditional and particular workmanship, and strict ingredients. Genuine spicy chicken needs making with Zaozhuang local chicken, peppers and peppercorns. In the dish, the chicken and peppers are of equal ____41____ (important). They go fifty-fifty, with the whole chicken ____42____ (bury) in the peppers. Zaozhuang Spicy Chicken is ____43____ unique local delicacy that carries food ____44____ (memory) of generations. The custom of eating spicy chicken has been passed down for 300 years. In 2016, Zaozhuang City was named “Hometown of Spicy Chicken in China” and its spicy chicken cooking skills were selected into the ____45____ (five) batch of representative projects of Shandong provincial intangible cultural heritage in 2021. 第四部分 写作（满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友John来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写回信。要点： 1.看中文书刊、电视; 2.学唱中文歌曲; 3.交中国朋友。 注意：1.词数80左右 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 3.开头语已写好。 Dear John, I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It’s always heartbreaking when a close family member passes. Sharing the final moments with a person we love can be a small relief in a truly difficult situation. This story was first told on an airline customer service website. As you may know, airlines compete with each other to see who has the best on-time departure record, and airline employees are evaluated based on their ability to keep a schedule. When Kerry Drake got on his United Airlines flight, the mother who he was going to see was facing her final hours. To add an extra layer of extreme sadness, Drake knew that if he missed his connecting flight, he wouldn’t get to the hospital in time to say goodbye to his mother. On that very morning, Drake got the news that his mother, who had been ill for years and had been especially sick over the last four months, was dying. To get to his mother in Lubbock, Texas, the San Francisco resident booked a United Airlines flight, with only 40 minutes between connecting flights in Houston. After his first flight got delayed, Drake thought he would miss his connecting flight to Lubbock, the last one of the day. He started crying on the plane, obviously upset and worried. The flight attendants (空乘人员) soon noticed his state and quickly found out what was wrong. They brought tissues for his tears, said they would do what they could to help, and most importantly, got his connecting flight information to the captain. Within minutes, Drake’s problem was received and passed on to the captain, who radioed ahead about this situation to Drake’s next flight. The Lubbock crew (机组人员) responded by delaying the flight’s departure to make sure he got on the plane. When he got off the airport train and was running toward the gate, about 20 meters away, Drake heard the gate attendant say, “Mr. Drake, we’ve been expecting you.” Until that point, Drake had been rushing to make the flight. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式相应位置作答。 Finally, Drake sat on that second airplane. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ He made it to the hospital in time to see his mother. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 听力1-20 BCABA BABCA ACBAC BCBCA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 周至六中2023-2024学年度第一学期期末考试 高二英语试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分） 注意事项： 1. 本试卷分第1卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. How will Crystal spend most of her time in Italy? A. Dealing with her work. B. Traveling around. C. Visiting her sister. 2. What else do the speakers need? A. Potatoes. B. Beef. C. Pork sausages. 3. Why did the woman go to Matt’s shop? A. For its cats. B. For its coffee. C. For its books. 4. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. An actor. B. A movie. C. A friend. 5. What does the man think of the restaurant? A. Very disappointing. B. Quite satisfactory. C. Just so-so. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Show his ID card. B. Pay extra. C. Open his suitcases. 7. What will the man probably do next? A. Go through security. B. Board the plane. C. Get his boarding pass. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. What is Steve’s favorite sport? A. Running. B. Swimming. C. Basketball. 9. Where does the woman like to run? A. In the gym. B. In her neighborhood. C. Near the West Lake. 10. Who is Steve probably talking to? A His colleague. B. His neighbor. C. His coach. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 11 What is the woman going to do after school? A. Go to her uncle’s house. B. Adopt a little cat. C. Buy some food for herself. 12. Why does the man refuse the woman’s invitation? A. He doesn’t feel well. B. He needs to look after his mother. C. He has to go to the pet clinic. 13. How many cats does the man have now? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 14. How does the woman sound at first? A. Concerned. B. Unhappy. C. Amazed. 15. What does the woman suggest Bill do? A. Apologize for his mistake. B. Work in another industry. C. Enrich his knowledge first. 16. What did the woman major in? A. Education. B. Economics. C. Computer Science. 17. What is Bill likely to do next? A. Sign up for a course. B. Meet his leader. C. Make a phone call. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 18. How did most people in the room react to the speaker’s idea? A. Favorably. B. Anxiously. C. Calmly. 19. What did the speaker’s grandfather ask him to do? A. Be friendly to others. B. Accept the changes. C. Learn to be himself. 20. What do we know about the speaker? A. He is a host now. B. He has more than one child. C. He writes books about children. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A For children, space is magical — a whole world is out there, with so many things to learn and stories to read. Here are some children’s books about space and the solar system. Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington This beautifully illustrated picture book is attractive to young kids. It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. This is a great addition to a young kid’s collection, as a reminder to hold tight to dreams and never give up. Space by Libby Jackson This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. This is a perfect gift for young kids who want to know more about some of the lesser-known scientific achievements related to space exploration. Chasing Space by Leland Melvin This is Melvin’s story about being a football player-turned-astronaut, along with his recovery from an injury that nearly left him deaf. Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. System and Beyond by David A. Aguilar The book is full of beautiful illustrations of space, and is perfect for kids of all ages, exploring various planets and the solar system. Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. 1. What do Mae among the Stars and Space have in common? A. They include less-known astronauts. B. They tell about scientists’ childhood. C. They cover women exploring space. D. They are suitable for children of all ages. 2. Whose book attracts children showing interest in experiments? A. Stasia Burrington’s. B. Libby Jackson’s. C. Leland Melvin’s. D. David A. Aguilar’s. 3. What is unique to System and Beyond? A. It has beautiful pictures. B. It tells about space artists. C. It has won many grand awards. D. It was written by an astronomer. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于太空和太阳系的儿童读物。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据Mae among the Stars by Stasia Burrington的第二、三句“It was inspired by the first African American woman in space, Mae Jemison. It tells the story of Mae as a little girl, who always knew she had big dreams about space. (它的灵感来自第一位进入太空的非裔美国女性梅·杰米森。它讲述了梅作为一个小女孩的故事，她一直知道她对太空有很大的梦想。)”，而Space by Libby Jackson的第一句“This beautifully illustrated book gives kids a look at 50 women from around the world who were involved in exploring space in some way, from the 19th century to the present day. (这本精美的插图书让孩子们看到了从19世纪到现在，来自世界各地的50位女性，她们以某种方式参与了太空探索。)”可知，《星际漫游》和《太空漫游》的共同之处是：它们都涉及到那些探索太空的女性。故选C项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据Chasing Space by Leland Melvin的“Kids will love reading his story about how he faced challenges and advanced ahead, and he also includes DIY experiments for kids to try, and a section of full-color photographs. (孩子们会喜欢读他关于他如何面对挑战和前进的故事，他还包括DIY实验供孩子们尝试，以及一组全彩照片。)”可知，对实验感兴趣的孩子会被Leland Melvin的书吸引。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据System and Beyond by David A. Aguilar的“Unlike other kids’ space book, this is a National Geographic book written and illustrated by an award-winning astronomer and space artist. Aguilar is also the former Director of Science Information and Public Outreach at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. (与其他儿童太空书不同，这是一本由获奖的天文学家和太空艺术家撰写和插图的国家地理书。阿吉拉尔还是哈佛-史密森天体物理中心的前科学信息和公共宣传主任。)”可知，这本《系统及其他》与其他读物的不同之处是作者本人的身份是天文学家，能为读者提供专家的观点和对主题的见解。故选D项。 B Nowadays, we can read almost all "truths" on social media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might "misrepresent the real world", according to a study by computer scientists from McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University. The scientists warn that gathering information about public views and trends from these sites is unwise. There are still large parts of the population who do not take part in social media activities. Also, there's a risk that many social media users are under-represented. Instagram, for example, appeals to younger adults in urban areas while Pinterest is used mainly by females aged 25 to 34. And only 5 percent of the micro-messaging service users are over 65 years old, according to the study. However, this is not the only issue, according to the scientific team. The design of a website can influence how people behave online, creating what the researchers call "Internet bias". For example, micro-blogging sites such as Weibo promote "popular" stories. It saves time for some but it also limits readers' choice of what they see. In the end, many people open those stories and make them more "popular". But it's not because they choose those stories. Rather, it is because the content is right in front of them. Besides, it's possible that not everyone on your social networks is real. There might actually be a few fake accounts among them. Fake "bots" pretend to be humans and are often included when measuring or predicting human behaviors online. The findings might be more important than you would think, since many social media studies are used to inform and justify decisions and investments among the public and in industry and government, according to Derek Ruths, an assistant professor of Computer Science at Mc Gill University. If the team is right, you might have to think carefully next time you say, "It's true, you know; I read it on Weibo." 4. Why does the author mention the micro-messaging and Instagram? A. Because they are the best social media sites today. B. Because they are not in favor of the current study. C. Because the public are sharing truths on these sites. D. Because information on these sites may not be reliable. 5. How is the passage developed? A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons. C. By dividing into groups. D. By analyzing causes. 6. Which word can best describe the author's attitude toward information on social media sites? A. Ambiguous. B. Favorable. C. Disagreeable. D. Cautious. 7. What's the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A To analyze why information gathered from social media sites may not be trustworthy. B. To remind readers of things they should watch out for when using social media. C. To point out the advantages and disadvantages of social media. D. To recommend popular social networking sites for readers. 【答案】4. D 5. D 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。当今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真理”，但它们真的可靠吗？研究表明它们可能“歪曲了现实世界”。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“But are they really reliable?（但他们真的可靠吗?）”可知，作者对这些网上信息的真实性提出质疑；根据第一段第三句“Sites such as the micro-messaging service, the social networking site and the photo-sharing app Instagram might ‘misrepresent the real world’（ 微信息服务、社交网站和照片分享应用程序Instagram等网站可能“歪曲了现实世界”）”可知，微信息服务、社交网站和照片分享应用 Instagram 等网站可能“歪曲了现实世界”。由此可知，第一段提及微信息服务和 Instagram 等网站旨在说明这些网站上的信息可能不可靠。故选D。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。通读第一段可知，该段前两句引出文章主题：网上信息是否真实可靠；接着说明提出该主题的原因：微信息服务和 Instagram 等网站上的信息可能不可靠。通读第二段可知，该段第一句提出该段主旨：从这些网站上收集关于公共观点和趋势的信息是不明智的；接着说明其原因：许多人并没有参加网络活动，网上的信息是不全面的。通读第三段可知，有可能你社交网站上并非人人都是真实的。据此可知，文章通过“分析原因”的方法论证观点。故选D。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一、二句“Nowadays, we can read almost all ‘truths’ on social media sites. But are they really reliable?（如今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上看到所有的“真相”。但他们真的可靠吗?）”可知，作者对社交媒体网站上读到所有的“真相”提出质疑；根据最后一段中的“If the team is right, you might have to think carefully next time（如果团队是正确的，那么下次您可能需要仔细考虑）”可推知，作者对社交媒体上的信息持谨慎态度。故选D。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nowadays, we can read almost all "truths" on social media sites. But are they really reliable?... McGill University and Carnegie Mellon University.（如今，我们几乎可以在社交媒体网站上看到所有的“真相”。但他们真的可靠吗?麦吉尔大学(McGill University)和卡内基梅隆大学(Carnegie Mellon University)的计算机科学家的一项研究表明，微信息服务、社交网站和照片分享应用程序Instagram等网站可能会“歪曲现实世界”。）”和第二段第一句“The scientists warn that gathering information about public views and trends from these sites is unwise.（科学家警告说，从这些网站收集关于公众观点和趋势的信息是不明智的。）”可知，网站上的信息让人眼花缭乱，往往存在片面性和误导性，从网站上收集关于公共观点和趋势的信息是不明智的。据此可以判断，本文旨在提醒读者，在使用社交媒体获取信息时应当小心。故选B。 C In 2019, the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste. However, just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled. Since 2014, the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8 million tons—a relatively small amount, considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period. Global reserves of some elements, such as platinum, are supposed to be fully used up within 15 years if the proportion of recycled stocks entering production doesn’t increase. E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy (火法冶金术) and hydrometallurgy (湿法冶金术). However, they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint, and poisonous chemicals which are harmful to the environment. Alternatives are therefore being sought. A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative. They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes (微生物). If extended, bioleaching facilities would mean that manufacturers of EV batteries and other electronic goods would be able to recover metals locally, relying less on costly exports to recycling centers abroad. “At present, a key limitation for e-waste recycling is the lack of certification detailing the types and amounts of metals contained in electronic goods. But with an efficient recycling process appearing, manufacturers have the motivation to use more recycled material in their products, which will change the very design of electronics goods. It’s about closing the loop of a product’s life cycle,” said the leader of the Bioleaching Research Group, Sebastien Farnaud. Ultimately, bioleaching technology is born out of the idea of creating a truly circular process for the things that we consume. We need to shift from a mindset and economy where we see waste as an end product, to one where there isn’t even a start or an end at all. 8. What do the statistics in Paragraph 1 indicate？ A. People pay no attention to e-waste recycling. B. The recycling rate of e-waste is comparatively low. C. E-waste has caused serious environmental problems. D. The amount of e-waste is sharply increasing every year. 9. What is the disadvantage of current ways of recycling e-waste？ A. They are not environmentally friendly. B. They only apply to certain e-waste. C. They generate metals with a complex process. D. They cause a sharp rise in local temperatures. 10. What do we know about the bioleaching technology？ A. It has been applied abroad. B. It releases no poisonous gas. C. It recovers metals by microbes. D. It promotes the local export trade. 11. The text is most probably a part of ______. A. a travel guide B. a fiction novel C. a health magazine D. a scientific journal 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项科学研究——生物浸出技术，用来回收电子垃圾中的贵金属。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2019, the world generated 54.6 million tons of e-waste. However, just 17.4 percent of it was formally collected and recycled. Since 2014, the amount of e-waste recycled has grown by 1.8 million tons-a relatively small amount, considering that the amount of e-waste generated increased by 9.2 million tons in the same period. (2019年，全球产生了5460万吨电子垃圾。然而，只有17.4%的垃圾被正式收集和回收。自2014年以来，电子垃圾的回收量增加了180万吨——相对于同期电子垃圾产生量增加了920万吨来说，这是一个相对较小的数量。)”可知，本段中的统计数字说明电子垃圾的回收率相对较低。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“E-waste and EV batteries are currently recycled through processes called pyrometallurgy (火法冶金术) and hydrometallurgy (湿法冶金术). However, they involve burning temperatures with a high energy demand and deep carbon footprint, and poisonous chemicals which are harmful to the environment. (电子垃圾和电动汽车电池目前通过火法和湿法回收。然而，它们涉及到能源需求高、碳足迹深的燃烧温度，以及对环境有害的有毒化学物质。)”可知，目前回收电子垃圾的方法对环境不利。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. They have shown that copper is widely recoverable from e-waste, and that all metals present in EV batteries can be recovered by using microbes (微生物). (他们一直在使用无毒的细菌来氧化和回收贵金属——这一过程被称为“生物浸出”。他们已经表明，铜可以从电子垃圾中广泛回收，而电动汽车电池中的所有金属都可以通过使用微生物来回收。)”可知，生物浸出技术就是通过微生物来回收金属。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，根据第三段中“A team of scientists from the University of Coventry are extending one such alternative. They have been using non-poisonous bacteria to oxidize and recover the precious metals—a process known as “bioleaching”. (来自Coventry大学的一组科学家正在推广这样一种替代方案。他们一直在使用无毒的细菌来氧化和回收贵金属——这一过程被称为‘生物浸出’。)”可知，本文主要介绍一组科学家的一项科学研究——生物浸出技术，用来回收电子垃圾中的贵金属。从而推断，本文来自于科学杂志。故选D项。 D Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on crashes raises questions about their safety. Despite Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s claim that their Autopilot capability makes their cars “ extremely safer,” data suggests otherwise. According to The Washington Post, the number of deaths and serious injuries associated with Tesla’s driver-assistance technology is higher than previously reported. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recorded 736 crashes since 2019, with at least 17 of them being fatal. These figures include crashes involving both Autopilot, which allows cars to drive on highways without human intervention(干预), and the newer Full Self-Driving feature, which extends automation to city streets. However, these statistics can’t record incidents that were avoided due to the cars’ safety features. Additionally, when compared to the total number of car crashes that occurred last year, the number of crashes involving driver-assistance vehicles appears relatively small, but actually it’s not. Tesla’s safety claims lack context as Autopilot is primarily designed for highways, while most accidents occur in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. Moreover, Tesla’s customer base consists mainly of wealthier individuals who live in communities with lower accident rates. Concerns are raised by Tesla’s request to the NHTSA not to reveal whether Autopilot or Full Self-Driving was in use during fatal crashes. This lack of transparency (透明) prevents a comprehensive analysis of the incidents and raises questions about responsibility. Safety exaggerations combined with Tesla’s aggressive marketing have led to accidents caused by drivers relying too heavily on the system. Full Self-Driving does not allow the car to fully drive itself, and drivers are expected to remain attentive and ready to intervene at all times. However, Tesla’s messaging may mislead some users into believing otherwise. While a driverless future has the potential to be safer, it is crucial not to convince the public that underdeveloped capabilities are ready for widespread use. Tesla should address past problems, ensure their automation set can detect(检测) emergency vehicles, and be transparent with the public about the limitations of their technology. 12. What can we learn about Tesla’s driver-assistance-related crashes? A. 736 fatal cases of self-driving are recorded. B. NHTSA focused on the crashes on highways. C. The total number of car crashes is extremely small. D. The incidents avoided are not counted in the crash statistics. 13. What can be inferred about Tesla’s safety claims? A. They are supported by comprehensive data. B. They are based on limited driving environment. C. They are restricted to the experiences of satisfied customers. D. They have been proven to be accurate and reliable by NHTSA． 14. What can we know about Full Self-Driving? A. It is ill-received. B. It is well-developed. C. It needs the driver to stay focused. D. It reduces the accidents greatly. 15. Which title best summarizes the content of this text? A. Concerns and Questions Surrounding Tesla’s “Self-Driving” Cars B. Tesla’s Self-Driving Cars: The Safest Option of Driving on the Road C. The Future of Self-Driving Cars: A Closer Look at Tesla’s Technology D. Reconstruction and Revolution of Tesla’s Autopilot and Full Self-Driving 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了围绕特斯拉“自动驾驶”汽车的担忧和质疑。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, these statistics can’t record incidents that were avoided due to the cars’ safety features. (然而，这些统计数据并不能记录由于汽车的安全特性而避免的事故。)”可知，避免的事故没有被计入撞车统计。故选D项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Tesla’s safety claims lack context as Autopilot is primarily designed for highways, while most accidents occur in more complex environments with cross-traffic, pedestrians, and cyclists. (特斯拉的安全声明缺乏背景，因为自动驾驶仪主要是为高速公路设计的，而大多数事故发生在更复杂的环境中，有交叉交通、行人和骑自行车的人。)”可知，特斯拉的安全声明是基于有限的驾驶环境的。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题根据倒数第二段中“Full Self-Driving does not allow the car to fully drive itself, and drivers are expected to remain attentive and ready to intervene at all times. (全自动驾驶不允许汽车完全自动驾驶，司机需要保持注意力，随时准备干预。)”可知，全自动驾驶需要司机保持专注。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Tesla’s self-driving cars have recently come under investigation as a report on crashes raises questions about their safety. (特斯拉的自动驾驶汽车最近受到调查，因为一份关于车祸的报告引发了对其安全性的质疑。)”可知，本文主要讲述了围绕特斯拉“自动驾驶”汽车的担忧和质疑。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Anxiety is a normal feeling characterized by worry or fear. For example, if you have a big test, or when you don’t know how an event will turn out, you are likely to be anxious. ____16____ Here are tips to reduce your symptoms（症状）. *Get the right amount of sleep. Getting the proper amount of sleep at night is important. Your mind and body can reset, which helps you make better decisions when you wake up. This can also help adjust your moods and allow you to be able to get through your daily tasks.____17____ After doing this for a while, your body may start to get tired at the same time each day, which could mean you will have an easier time going to sleep each night. *____18____ Breathing deeply can often help regulate anxious physical symptoms. When you breathe in deeply, not only does oxygen enter your body, but you also have to take a minute to change what you are doing. Sometimes when you take yourself out of a stressful situation for a while, you can gain a completely new understanding of what’s going on. Try to stop and take deep breaths whenever you start to feel anxious. *Pay attention to triggers（诱因）. ____19____In some cases, these things may be obvious, but at other times, you may have trouble identifying them. You can start writing down what happens to you in a journal so that you can rule out certain events and habits. Anxiety is a part of life, but it doesn’t have to prevent you from living the life you want. There are many ways to change your life and habits.____20____ A. Learn how to breathe. B. Living with anxiety isn’t easy. C. Examine your values and live by them. D. Stress can cause you to have trouble falling asleep. E. You should start to remove the things that trouble you. F. Be sure to take care of yourself and reduce the stress in your life. G. Try to go to sleep at the same time each night, even on the weekends. 【答案】16. B 17. G 18. A 19. E 20. F 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是减轻焦虑的症状的小窍门。 【16题详解】 空格前说“For example, if you have a big test, or when you don’t know how an event will turn out, you are likely to be anxious.（例如，如果你有一个大的考试，或者当你不知道一个事件将如何发展时，你很可能会焦虑。）”，空格后“Here are tips to reduce your symptoms（症状）.（下面是一些减轻症状的小窍门。）”引出一些小窍门，B选项“Living with anxiety isn’t easy.（生活在焦虑中并不容易。）”道明了下面的一些小窍门的必要性，起到承上启下的作用，因此B选项符合语境，故选B。 【17题详解】 本段首句“Getting the proper amount of sleep at night is important.（晚上有适量的睡眠是很重要的。）”是主题句，表明本段主要是讲睡眠的重要性，G选项“Try to go to sleep at the same time each night, even on the weekends.（试着每晚在同一时间睡觉，即使是在周末。）”讲明了要如何睡眠，空后的“doing this”指的是G选项中的“go to sleep at the same time each night”，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。 【18题详解】 空格处是本段的小标题，由空格下方的“Breathing deeply can often help regulate anxious physical symptoms.（深呼吸通常可以帮助调节焦虑的身体症状。）”可知，本段主要讲的是“呼吸”，A选项“Learn how to breathe.（学会呼吸。）”概括了本段的主题，可作为小标题，故选A。 【19题详解】 空格后说“In some cases, these things may be obvious, but at other times, you may have trouble identifying them.（在某些情况下，这些东西可能很明显，但在其他时候，您可能很难识别它们。）”，E选项“You should start to remove the things that trouble you.（你应该开始清除那些困扰你的东西。）”中的“the things that trouble you”和空后的“these things”相一致，因此E选项引出下文，符合语境，故选E。 【20题详解】 空格前说“Anxiety is a part of life, but it doesn’t have to prevent you from living the life you want. There are many ways to change your life and habits.（焦虑是生活的一部分，但它并不会阻止你过上你想要的生活。有很多方法可以改变你的生活和习惯。）”，F选项“Be sure to take care of yourself and reduce the stress in your life.（一定要照顾好自己，减少生活中的压力。）”呼应了本文的主题，即“减少压力”，因此F选项可总结全文，符合语境，故选F。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In Istanbul, a city of 15 million people, groups of volunteers build houses for the homeless cats. There, cats can find _____21_____ food and toys, blankets and boxes by kind people to keep them out of bad weather, and even a new owner if they’re _____22_____ It all started back in 2018, when an architect named Didem Gokgoz regularly _____23_____ through a park on her way to work—in which there were always homeless cats trying to find places to keep _____24_____ in winter. To help the cats, she placed several plastic boxes they could _____25_____ in around Mistik Park, but officials ___26___ those boxes. “My friends and I went to see Mr. Mustafa Sarigul, the mayor. We _____27_____ him our designs, explained how it would work. Mr. Sarigul listened _____28_____ and said, ‘OK, do it; if we think it works, we will ___29___it.’” Gokgoz reported to a local newspaper. After getting Mr. Sarigul’s ______30______ that new houses would not be removed, Gokgoz built two houses in Mistik Park with her friends. The Mistik Park houses were a turning point, which ______31______ parks around the city’s 39 districts to follow the ______32______. “It became something normal; individuals make requests for cat houses,” she said. “That was our main ____33____and we’ve reached it. Today, everybody ______34______ that cats must have their own life spaces in the city. ”The cats too, ______35______ to the houses in the parks, and moved to them in groups. 21. A. left B. cheap C. donated D. abandoned 22. A. lucky B. active C. clean D. patient 23. A. saw B. passed C. pulled D. broke 24. A. calm B. silent C. positive D. warm 25. A. succeed B. participate C. take D. stay 26. A. removed B. kept C. changed D. replaced 27. A. bought B. sent C. showed D. lent 28. A. proudly B. carefully C. strangely D. casually 29. A. refuse B. post C. support D. announce 30. A. discipline B. restriction C. direction D. agreement 31. A. led B. asked C. forced D. advised 32. A. official B. example C. exception D. visit 33. A. idea B. core C. diet D. goal 34. A. doubts B. offers C. accepts D. quits 35. A. responded B. turned C. adapted D. applied 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Didem Gokgoz建筑师生活在拥有1500万人口的伊斯坦布尔，当他看到有许多流浪猫无家可归时，Didem Gokgoz在米斯蒂克公园专门为流浪猫设计房子过冬，后来通过他的努力，政府同意了他的做法，其它许多公园也效仿其做法。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，猫可以找到好心人捐赠的食物、玩具、毯子和盒子，让它们远离恶劣天气，如果它们很幸运，甚至可以找到新主人。A. left剩下的；B. cheap便宜的；C. donated被捐赠的；D. abandoned被遗弃的。根据前文“groups of volunteers build houses for the homeless cats” ，一群志愿者为无家可归的猫建造房屋，可知句中涉及的食物、玩具、毯子和盒子都是被捐赠的。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，猫可以找到好心人捐赠的食物、玩具、毯子和盒子，让它们远离恶劣天气，如果它们很幸运，甚至可以找到新主人。A. lucky幸运的；B. active积极的；C. clean干净的；D. patient耐心的。根据常识可知流浪猫能找到新主人是一件幸运的事情。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都始于2018年，当时一位名叫Didem Gokgoz的建筑师在上班的路上经常经过一个公园——公园里总是有无家可归的猫试图在冬天找到保暖的地方。A. saw看见；B. passed通过；C. pulled拉；D. broke损坏。根据后文“on her way to work”，可知Didem Gokgoz是经常经过一个公园。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一切都始于2018年，当时一位名叫Didem Gokgoz建筑师在上班的路上经常经过一个公园——公园里总是有无家可归的猫试图在冬天找到保暖的地方。A. calm冷静的；B. silent沉默的；C. positive积极的；D. warm温暖的。根据后文“in winter”，可知冬天太冷，需要找温暖的地方。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助这些猫，她在米斯蒂克公园周围放置了几个塑料盒子，它们可以留在里面，但官员们把这些盒子移走了。A. succeed成功；B. participate参加；C. take带走；D. stay停留。根据前文“she placed several plastic boxes”，可知猫们可以留在里面。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了帮助这些猫，她在米斯蒂克公园周围放置了几个塑料盒子，它们可以留在里面，但官员们把这些盒子移走了。A. removed移走；B. kept保留；C. changed改变；D. replaced取代。根据前文“but”和后文“new houses would not be removed”，可知官员们把这些盒子移走了。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们向他展示了我们的设计，解释了它的工作原理。A. bought买；B. sent派遣；C. showed呈现；D. lent借出。根据后文“explained how it would work”，可知要先呈现设计，再解释。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：萨里格尔仔细听着，说：“好吧，去做吧。”A. proudly骄傲地；B. carefully认真地；C. strangely奇怪地；D. casually随意地。根据后文“and said”，可推测是他先认真在听，然后说。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们认为它有效，我们将支持它。A. refuse拒绝；B. post发布；C. support支持；D. announce宣布。根据前文“if we think it works”，可知如果认为它有效，政府将支持它。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在得到萨里格尔的新房子不会被拆除的应允后，Gokgoz和她的朋友们在米斯蒂克公园建造了两栋房子。A. discipline行为准则；B. restriction限制；C. direction方向；D. agreement同意、应允。根据后文“new houses would not be removed”，可知萨里格尔“同意、应允”新房子不会被拆除。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：米斯蒂克公园的房屋是一个转折点，这导致该市39个区的公园效仿。A. led导致；B. asked询问；C. forced强迫；D. advised建议。根据后文“around the city’s 39 districts to follow”，可知其它公园也这样效仿，应该是“导致”。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：米斯蒂克公园的房屋是一个转折点，这导致该市39个区的公园效仿。A. official官员；B. example榜样；C. exception例外；D. visit参观。根据上文提及“The Mistik Park houses”，这应该是一个很好的榜样，值得其他地区效仿其帮助猫的善行，follow the example (学习榜样、效仿)。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我们的主要目标，我们已经实现了。A. idea主意；B. core核心；C. diet饮食；D. goal目标。根据后文“we’ve reached it”，可推测应该是指“目标”。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天，每个人都接受猫在城市里必须有自己的生活空间。A. doubts怀疑；B. offers提供；C. accepts接受；D. quits退出。根据后文“cats must have their own life spaces in the city”，可知此处表达“每个人接受这个事实”。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些猫也适应了公园里的房子，并成群结队地搬到了它们身边。A. responded回答；B. turned转动；C. adapted适应；D. applied应用。根据后文“moved to them in groups”，可知它们应该是适应了。故选C项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In China, there are many places where people prefer spicy food, but no place like Zaozhuang ____36____ (have) spicy chicken dominating the locals’ dining table for hundreds of years. According to legend, in the late Qing Dynasty in Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, there was a chef named Xu Zihua, ____37____ used to work as a royal chef in the palace. He opened a restaurant after ____38____ (return) to his hometown and created “spicy chicken”. The dish has a spicy flavor, which made diners sweat but hard ____39____ (resist). There was a saying, “The guests sitting ten miles away can still smell the fragrance of the chicken”. Zaozhuang spicy chicken is ____40____ (extreme) bright in color, spicy and fragrant, with traditional and particular workmanship, and strict ingredients. Genuine spicy chicken needs making with Zaozhuang local chicken, peppers and peppercorns. In the dish, the chicken and peppers are of equal ____41____ (important). They go fifty-fifty, with the whole chicken ____42____ (bury) in the peppers. Zaozhuang Spicy Chicken is ____43____ unique local delicacy that carries food ____44____ (memory) of generations. The custom of eating spicy chicken has been passed down for 300 years. In 2016, Zaozhuang City was named “Hometown of Spicy Chicken in China” and its spicy chicken cooking skills were selected into the ____45____ (five) batch of representative projects of Shandong provincial intangible cultural heritage in 2021. 【答案】36. has had 37. who 38. returning 39. to resist 40. extremely 41. importance 42. buried 43. a 44. memories 45. fifth 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是枣庄辣子鸡的起源、特点、制作工艺以及它在当地的重要性和文化价值。 【36题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国，有很多地方的人都喜欢吃辣，但几百年来，没有一个地方像枣庄这样让辣子鸡主宰了当地人的餐桌。由for hundreds of years可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语no place like Zaozhuang是单数，因此空格处用has had。故填has had。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：相传，清末山东枣庄有个叫Xu Zihua的厨师，曾在宫中做御厨。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词Xu Zihua是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。 【38题详解】 考查动名词。句意：他回国后开了一家餐馆，并创造了“辣子鸡”。after是介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，因此空格处是动名词returning。故填returning。 【39题详解】 考查不定式。句意：这道菜有一种辛辣的味道，让食客汗流浃背，但却难以抗拒。make sb. hard to do是固定短语，意为“使某人很难做某事”，因此空格处用不定式to resist，故填to resist。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：枣庄辣子鸡色泽鲜亮，辣味浓郁，工艺传统而讲究，配料严格。空格处用副词extremely修饰形容词bright，extremely意为“非常”，故填extremely。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：在这道菜中，鸡肉和辣椒同样重要。equal是形容词，修饰名词，important的名词是importance，是不可数名词，意为“重要性”。故填importance。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：鸡肉和辣椒各占一半，把整只鸡都埋在辣椒里。此处是with复合结构，the whole chicken和bury之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填buried。 【43题详解】 考查冠词。句意：枣庄辣子鸡是一种独特的地方美食，承载着几代人的食物记忆。delicacy是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，unique是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 【44题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：枣庄辣子鸡是一种独特的地方美食，承载着几代人的食物记忆。由of generations可知，空格处用复数，故填memories。 【45题详解】 考查序数词。句意：2016年枣庄市被命名为“中国辣子鸡之乡”，其辣子鸡烹饪技艺入选2021年第五批山东省非物质文化遗产代表性项目。空前有the，空格处用序数词fifth，表示“第五”，故填fifth。 第四部分 写作（满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友John来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写回信。要点： 1.看中文书刊、电视; 2.学唱中文歌曲; 3.交中国朋友。 注意：1.词数80左右 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 3.开头语已写好。 Dear John, I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear John, I’m glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are a few suggestions. First, it helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible. Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. Try and write me in Chinese next time. Best wishes Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你的美国朋友John来信向你咨询如何才能学好中文。请你根据下列要点写回信。要点：看中文书刊、电视；学唱中文歌曲；交中国朋友。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad→delighted 建议：suggestion→advice 另外，此外：besides→in addition 尝试：try→attempt 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese. 拓展句：They will tell you a lot about China, which will help you learn Chinese. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you’ll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 【高分句型2】First，it helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.（运用了不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语和状语从句的省略） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It’s always heartbreaking when a close family member passes. Sharing the final moments with a person we love can be a small relief in a truly difficult situation. This story was first told on an airline customer service website. As you may know, airlines compete with each other to see who has the best on-time departure record, and airline employees are evaluated based on their ability to keep a schedule. When Kerry Drake got on his United Airlines flight, the mother who he was going to see was facing her final hours. To add an extra layer of extreme sadness, Drake knew that if he missed his connecting flight, he wouldn’t get to the hospital in time to say goodbye to his mother. On that very morning, Drake got the news that his mother, who had been ill for years and had been especially sick over the last four months, was dying. To get to his mother in Lubbock, Texas, the San Francisco resident booked a United Airlines flight, with only 40 minutes between connecting flights in Houston. After his first flight got delayed, Drake thought he would miss his connecting flight to Lubbock, the last one of the day. He started crying on the plane, obviously upset and worried. The flight attendants (空乘人员) soon noticed his state and quickly found out what was wrong. They brought tissues for his tears, said they would do what they could to help, and most importantly, got his connecting flight information to the captain. Within minutes, Drake’s problem was received and passed on to the captain, who radioed ahead about this situation to Drake’s next flight. The Lubbock crew (机组人员) responded by delaying the flight’s departure to make sure he got on the plane. When he got off the airport train and was running toward the gate, about 20 meters away, Drake heard the gate attendant say, “Mr. Drake, we’ve been expecting you.” Until that point, Drake had been rushing to make the flight. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Finally, Drake sat on that second airplane. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ He made it to the hospital in time to see his mother. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Finally, Drake sat on that second airplane. Overcome with emotions, he realized how much had gone into helping him get on the plane. Even his luggage arrived on time. The ground crew made sure of it. He still could not believe that so many staff members had worked together to go above-and-beyond the call of duty and delay the flight to help him see his dying mother. He made it to the hospital in time to see his mother. “At one point my mom opened her eyes, and I think she recognized me. It was the last time although we didn’t know it at the time,” said Drake, who spent the night at the hospital. His mom passed away that very morning. Drake wrote the staff a heartfelt thank-you letter for a team who was willing to pull out all the stops to assist in any way they could. 【解析】 【导语】本文以事件为线索展开，讲述了一个在航空公司的竭力帮助下成功见到濒死的母亲的暖心故事，充分展现了人道主义关怀。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由续写段落第一段首句内容“最后，德雷克坐上了第二趟飞机”。可知，第一段可描写航空公司对他的各项帮助，他的反应和所感所行。 ②由续写段落第二段首句内容“他及时赶到医院看望了他的母亲。”可知，第二段可描写他和妈妈最后相处的细节，事后他对航空公司的感谢。 2.续写线索：成功登上飞机——了解航公公司对他的帮助——明白经过——顺利见到母亲——与母亲的最后日子——事后感谢航空公司 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①充满：Overcome with /Filled with/Full of ②意识到：realized /recognized ③到达：arrived / came/reached ④确保：made sure /ensured/guaranteed ⑤携手：worked together/cooperated/joined hands ⑥推迟：delay /put off/postpone ⑦去世：passed away/died/departed/expire ⑧帮助：assist /help/give a helping hand/do him a favor 情绪类 ①愿意做：was willing to/was ready to/was pleased to ②发自内心的：heartfelt/ heartwarming 【点睛】 [高分句型1]He still could not believe that so many staff members had worked together to go above-and-beyond the call of duty and delay the flight to help him see his dying mother.（运用来了that引导的宾语从句） [高分句型2]It was the last time although we didn’t know it at the time,” said Drake, who spent the night at the hospital.（运用了although引导的让步状语从句和who引导的非限制性定语从句） [高分句型3]Drake wrote the staff a heartfelt thank-you letter for a team who was willing to pull out all the stops to assist in any way they could.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句） 听力1-20 BCABA BABCA ACBAC BCBCA 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$