2024年牛津译林版中考英语一轮复习情态动词讲解

情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，有自己的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与其他动词共同构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化(单数第三人称不加－s),有过去式，但无过去分词。 常用的情态动词有can、may、must、ought to、will、shall、would、should、need、dare等。它们的不同形式分别表示请求、允诺、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒绝等情感和态度。 Eg:［表示许可］You may come in now. 你现在可以进来。 ［表示能够］The schoolbag can hold so many books. 这个书包能装下这么多的书。 ［表示必须］You must be here on time. 你必须准时到这儿。 ［表示禁止］You mustn't make a friend with such a man. 你绝不能与这样的人交朋友。 第一节 常见情态动词的用法 1.can, could (1)表示能力，与be able to同义。但在肯定句中could只表示过去有“能力”做，was/were ableto 表示过去有能力且确实做到了。 Eg:I should have been there, but I could not have the time. 我本应该去那儿的，可是我没有时间。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 火势很快蔓延到整座宾馆，但大家都逃出来了。 (2)表示推测“可能” ，多用于否定句和疑问句，对过去的推测，用could have done. 用于肯定句时表示（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 Could 表示可能性更小。 He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.   他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 Can it be true? You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.   在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 could可以表示现在和过去，只是可能性比can小。 Eg:She could be serious,but I don't think so. 她可能是认真的，但我认为不是这样的。 (3)表示请求允许。“可以” Could 语气更加委婉; could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can 1. "__________ I take it out?"   "I'm sorry, you __________."   A. Could ...couldn't   B. Might...might not     C. Could...can   D. May...can't (4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 How can you be so careless?   你怎么这么粗心？ (5)补充：用于一些固定结构中。 cannot. . .too. . . 怎么也不过分 cannot(couldn't) help+ doing 情不自禁 做某事 You cannot be too careful in the choice of your friends. 你在选择朋友时，怎么小心也不过分。 When I heard what the little girl said I couldn't help laughing. 当我听见小女孩所讲的事时，不禁大笑起来。 ①A computer _____ think for itself,  it must be told what to do.    A.  can’t            B. couldn’t        C. may not           D. might not  ② Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.   A. needn't     B. can't   C. shouldn't   D. won't ③.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.        — It _____ a comfortable journey.  A. can’t be          B. shouldn’t be      C. mustn’t have been    D. couldn’t have been ④. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.  A. won’t; can’t      B. mustn’t; may      C. shouldn’t; must      D. can’t; shouldn’t 2. may, might (1) 表示许可。在肯定的陈述句中，may表示说话人给予的许可。在疑问句或if条件句中，表示征询听话人的许可。might比may语气更加委婉，否定回答用mustn't表示“禁止、不可以”，也可以用can't或may not. Eg:You may keep the novel for two weeks. 这本小说你可以借两个星期。 －May I take this book out?我可以把书带出去吗？ －No,you mustn't/can't. 不，不可以。 (2) 表推测“可能”用于否定句和肯定句；might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 Eg:That may be true. 那可能是真的。 She may not know about it.   她可能不知道这件事。 They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 即时训练 ①— Are you coming to Jeff’s party?  — I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead A.  must             B. would           C. should            D. might  ②— Is John coming by train?   — He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.  A.  must              B. can               C. need               D. may  ③ Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.   A. must   B. can   C. may   D. will (3) 用于目的状语从句中，含有“为了·····”或“以便···..”之意。 Eg:Study hard that you may work better in the future. 为了将来能够更好地工作，努力学习吧。 They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身，以便按时到达。 (4) 表示期望或祝愿. Eg:May you good luck. 祝你好运！ May you have many more days as happy as this one. 但愿你有更多像今天这么愉快的日子。 (3) may be和maybe may be是“情态动词＋系动词be”的结构，表示“可能有，可能在”，否定式为may not be, maybe是副词，意为“大概，也许，可能”，在句中作状语。 Eg:Anne may be right. 安妮可能是对的。 He may not be right. 他也许不对。 Maybe Becky is right. 大概贝姬是对的。 3. must, have to (1) must表示必须，强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务，而have to表示必须时，强调的是客观需要，have to可以用在更多的时态中。 Eg:［强调主观看法］You must stop smoking. 你必须把烟戒掉。 ［强调客观需要］I have to stop the car and wait for the policeman. 我不得不停车等那个警察。 ［表示责任或义务］You must obey the rules. 你必须遵守规则。  Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.  A. won’t; can’t     B. mustn’t; may     C. shouldn’t; must     D. can’t; shouldn’t (2) “must+be+表语”表示推测，只能用在肯定句中。 Eg:This must be your pen. 这一定是你的钢笔。 She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.   她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。 (3)“must+have+过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。 Eg:He must have been to Shanghai, for he knew a lot of places about Shanghai.他一定是去过上海。 即时训练 ①I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.    A. must be      B. must have been      C. should be       D. should have been   ②— I stayed at a hotel while in New York.          — Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.  A. could have stayed     B. could stay     C. would stay     D. must have stayed  ③ He _______ ill. He looks so pale.   A. must be      B. must have been      C. should be       D. should have been   ④The fire spread through the hotel very quickly so everyone  __________ get out.   A. had to   B. would   C. could   D. was able to ⑤.---Must we finish the work today? ---________. We have something else to do tomorrow. A. Yes, we can B. No, we can’t C. Yes, we must D. No, we needn’t 3. will vs would will 1）表意愿主观意志，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you.   我愿为你做任何事。 None is so blind as those who won’t see.   不愿看的人眼最瞎。 If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2）表请求，用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.   请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 Won’t you drink some more coffee?   再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water.   鱼离开水就不能活。 The door won’t open.   这门打不开。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.   那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。 4).will 可用于祈使句的附加疑问句中。 Don’t go now, will you? would（will的过去式） 1）表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.   I said I would do anything for you.   我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer?   再来杯啤酒好吗？ Would you mind cleaning the window?   请把窗户擦一下好吗？ They wouldn’t have anything against it.   他们不会有什么反对意见。 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.   她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 4.)would 常用于虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反或者是不大可能的情况 But for your help, I would have been late.要不是你帮忙， 我们就迟到了 随堂练习 1、 用所给的情态动词填空: 1. They (can/might) ___________ be away for the weekend but I’m not sure. 2. You (may/might) ___________ leave now if you wish. 3. (Could/May) ______________ you open the window a bit, please? 4. He (can/could) _____________ be from Sheffield, judging by his accent. 5. (May/Can) _____________ you swim? 6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _____________ speak during this exam. 7. They (can’t/may not) _________________ still be out! 8. You(couldn’t/might not) _________________ smoke on the bus. 9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) ___________ be a cooler day. 10. You (can/might) ________ be right but I’m going back to check the times. 11. You’ve been working all day. You (could/must) _____________be very tired. 12. I wonder who it is. It (can’t/mustn’t) ____________be Lisa. She’s still in the library now. 13. My father’s birthday is coming. What (shall/may) ___________I give him? 14. It’s a long time since we met last time. You (might/should) __________ see us more often. 15. Why don’t you try on this dress? It (will/can) __________ look nice on you. 2、 单项选择 1. ----Where are you going this month ? ----We _____ go to Xiamen , but we’re not sure. 1. needn’t B. might C. must D. mustn’t 2． ---- What will the weather be like tomorrow? ----It _____ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? A. must B. might C. should D. can’t 3. I can’t go with you. I _______stay at home until my parents come back. 1. can B. may C. must D. could 4． ----Is that man Mr. Green ? ----It ______ be him. He has gone to Paris on business. 1. may B. must C. can’t D. shouldn’t 5．----Mum, _____ I play football this afternoon ? ----Sure, but you _____ finish your homework first. 1. may, could B. can, must C. can, mustn’t D. may, can’t 6．----Must I go to a law school like you, Dad? ----No, you ______.You are free to make your own decision. 1. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 7.A good friend is someone you _____ share your pleasure and pain with. 1. ought B. need C. can D. must 8. He _____ speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. must D. can 9. Please don’t make so much noise. I _____hear the speaker very well. 1. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 10----Listen. I think it _____ be Mr. White singing in the office. ----No. It _____be him. He left for London just now. 1. must, mustn’t B. may, mustn’t C. must, can’t D. can, can 11. Sorry, I’m late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 12. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 13. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 14. Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 15. —Your phone number again? I ______ quite catch it. —It’s 86184867. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 16. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. —You _______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 17. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 18. Although the climate in our city is good, yet the temperature ________ fall to 14 centigrade below freezing point in winter. A. should B. shall C. can D. may 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 情态动词 情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，有自己的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与其他动词共同构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化(单数第三人称不加－s),有过去式，但无过去分词。 常用的情态动词有can、may、must、ought to、will、shall、would、should、need、dare等。它们的不同形式分别表示请求、允诺、愿望、命令、能力、需要、拒绝等情感和态度。 Eg:［表示许可］You may come in now. 你现在可以进来。 ［表示能够］The schoolbag can hold so many books. 这个书包能装下这么多的书。 ［表示必须］You must be here on time. 你必须准时到这儿。 ［表示禁止］You mustn't make a friend with such a man. 你绝不能与这样的人交朋友。 第一节 常见情态动词的用法 1.can, could (1)表示能力，与be able to同义。但在肯定句中could只表示过去有“能力”做，was/were ableto 表示过去有能力且确实做到了。 Eg:I should have been there, but I could not have the time. 我本应该去那儿的，可是我没有时间。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 火势很快蔓延到整座宾馆，但大家都逃出来了。 (2)表示推测“可能” ，多用于否定句和疑问句，对过去的推测，用could have done. 用于肯定句时表示（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 Could 表示可能性更小。 He can’t (couldn’t) have enough money for a new car.   他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 Can it be true? You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.   在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 could可以表示现在和过去，只是可能性比can小。 Eg:She could be serious,but I don't think so. 她可能是认真的，但我认为不是这样的。 (3)表示请求允许。“可以” Could 语气更加委婉; could用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can 1. "__________ I take it out?"   "I'm sorry, you __________."   A. Could ...couldn't   B. Might...might not     C. Could...can   D. May...can't (4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 How can you be so careless?   你怎么这么粗心？ (5)补充：用于一些固定结构中。 cannot. . .too. . . 怎么也不过分 cannot(couldn't) help+ doing 情不自禁 做某事 You cannot be too careful in the choice of your friends. 你在选择朋友时，怎么小心也不过分。 When I heard what the little girl said I couldn't help laughing. 当我听见小女孩所讲的事时，不禁大笑起来。 ①A computer _____ think for itself,  it must be told what to do.    A.  can’t            B. couldn’t        C. may not           D. might not  ② Michael __________ be a policeman, for he's much too short.   A. needn't     B. can't   C. shouldn't   D. won't ③.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.        — It _____ a comfortable journey.  A. can’t be          B. shouldn’t be      C. mustn’t have been    D. couldn’t have been ④. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.  A. won’t; can’t      B. mustn’t; may      C. shouldn’t; must      D. can’t; shouldn’t 2. may, might (1) 表示许可。在肯定的陈述句中，may表示说话人给予的许可。在疑问句或if条件句中，表示征询听话人的许可。might比may语气更加委婉，否定回答用mustn't表示“禁止、不可以”，也可以用can't或may not. Eg:You may keep the novel for two weeks. 这本小说你可以借两个星期。 －May I take this book out?我可以把书带出去吗？ －No,you mustn't/can't. 不，不可以。 (2) 表推测“可能”用于否定句和肯定句；might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 Eg:That may be true. 那可能是真的。 She may not know about it.   她可能不知道这件事。 They might be having a meeting, but I’m not sure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 即时训练 ①— Are you coming to Jeff’s party?  — I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead A.  must             B. would           C. should            D. might  ②— Is John coming by train?   — He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.  A.  must              B. can               C. need               D. may  ③ Peter __________ come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.   A. must   B. can   C. may   D. will (3) 用于目的状语从句中，含有“为了·····”或“以便···..”之意。 Eg:Study hard that you may work better in the future. 为了将来能够更好地工作，努力学习吧。 They set out early that they might arrive in time. 他们早点动身，以便按时到达。 (4) 表示期望或祝愿. Eg:May you good luck. 祝你好运！ May you have many more days as happy as this one. 但愿你有更多像今天这么愉快的日子。 (3) may be和maybe may be是“情态动词＋系动词be”的结构，表示“可能有，可能在”，否定式为may not be, maybe是副词，意为“大概，也许，可能”，在句中作状语。 Eg:Anne may be right. 安妮可能是对的。 He may not be right. 他也许不对。 Maybe Becky is right. 大概贝姬是对的。 3. must, have to (1) must表示必须，强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务，而have to表示必须时，强调的是客观需要，have to可以用在更多的时态中。 Eg:［强调主观看法］You must stop smoking. 你必须把烟戒掉。 ［强调客观需要］I have to stop the car and wait for the policeman. 我不得不停车等那个警察。 ［表示责任或义务］You must obey the rules. 你必须遵守规则。  Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.  A. won’t; can’t     B. mustn’t; may     C. shouldn’t; must     D. can’t; shouldn’t (2) “must+be+表语”表示推测，只能用在肯定句中。 Eg:This must be your pen. 这一定是你的钢笔。 She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.   她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。 (3)“must+have+过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。 Eg:He must have been to Shanghai, for he knew a lot of places about Shanghai.他一定是去过上海。 即时训练 ①I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.    A. must be      B. must have been      C. should be       D. should have been   ②— I stayed at a hotel while in New York.          — Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.  A. could have stayed     B. could stay     C. would stay     D. must have stayed  ③ He _______ ill. He looks so pale.   A. must be      B. must have been      C. should be       D. should have been   ④The fire spread through the hotel very quickly so everyone  __________ get out.   A. had to   B. would   C. could   D. was able to ⑤.---Must we finish the work today? ---________. We have something else to do tomorrow. A. Yes, we can B. No, we can’t C. Yes, we must D. No, we needn’t 3. will vs would will 1）表意愿主观意志，用于各种人称陈述句。 I will do anything for you.   我愿为你做任何事。 None is so blind as those who won’t see.   不愿看的人眼最瞎。 If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2）表请求，用于疑问句。 Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.   请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 Won’t you drink some more coffee?   再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 Fish will die out of water.   鱼离开水就不能活。 The door won’t open.   这门打不开。 The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.   那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。 4).will 可用于祈使句的附加疑问句中。 Don’t go now, will you? would（will的过去式） 1）表意愿。 They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.   I said I would do anything for you.   我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 Would you like another glass of beer?   再来杯啤酒好吗？ Would you mind cleaning the window?   请把窗户擦一下好吗？ They wouldn’t have anything against it.   他们不会有什么反对意见。 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.   她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 4.)would 常用于虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反或者是不大可能的情况 But for your help, I would have been late.要不是你帮忙， 我们就迟到了 随堂练习 1、 用所给的情态动词填空: 1. They (can/might) ___________ be away for the weekend but I’m not sure. 2. You (may/might) ___________ leave now if you wish. 3. (Could/May) ______________ you open the window a bit, please? 4. He (can/could) _____________ be from Sheffield, judging by his accent. 5. (May/Can) _____________ you swim? 6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _____________ speak during this exam. 7. They (can’t/may not) _________________ still be out! 8. You(couldn’t/might not) _________________ smoke on the bus. 9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) ___________ be a cooler day. 10. You (can/might) ________ be right but I’m going back to check the times. 11. You’ve been working all day. You (could/must) _____________be very tired. 12. I wonder who it is. It (can’t/mustn’t) ____________be Lisa. She’s still in the library now. 13. My father’s birthday is coming. What (shall/may) ___________I give him? 14. It’s a long time since we met last time. You (might/should) __________ see us more often. 15. Why don’t you try on this dress? It (will/can) __________ look nice on you. 2、 单项选择 1. ----Where are you going this month ? ----We _____ go to Xiamen , but we’re not sure. 1. needn’t B. might C. must D. mustn’t 2． ---- What will the weather be like tomorrow? ----It _____ be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? A. must B. might C. should D. can’t 3. I can’t go with you. I _______stay at home until my parents come back. 1. can B. may C. must D. could 4． ----Is that man Mr. Green ? ----It ______ be him. He has gone to Paris on business. 1. may B. must C. can’t D. shouldn’t 5．----Mum, _____ I play football this afternoon ? ----Sure, but you _____ finish your homework first. 1. may, could B. can, must C. can, mustn’t D. may, can’t 6．----Must I go to a law school like you, Dad? ----No, you ______.You are free to make your own decision. 1. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 7.A good friend is someone you _____ share your pleasure and pain with. 1. ought B. need C. can D. must 8. He _____ speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year. A. mustn’t B. can’t C. must D. can 9. Please don’t make so much noise. I _____hear the speaker very well. 1. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 10----Listen. I think it _____ be Mr. White singing in the office. ----No. It _____be him. He left for London just now. 1. must, mustn’t B. may, mustn’t C. must, can’t D. can, can 11. Sorry, I’m late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will 12. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ________ your lecture. A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended 13. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 14. Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat 15. —Your phone number again? I ______ quite catch it. —It’s 86184867. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 16. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. —You _______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 17. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 18. Although the climate in our city is good, yet the temperature ________ fall to 14 centigrade below freezing point in winter. A. should B. shall C. can D. may 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$