Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Welcome unit句子结构学案 1.句子成分以及八大基本结构 2. 成分挨个突破！！！ 1) 主语： 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 观察下列句子，用下划线标出句子的主语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构。 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2. We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4. To swim in the pool is a great pleasure. 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 6. The rich should help the poor. 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9. That he isn't at home is not true. 总结：可以做主语的有： 名词/名词短语/代词/数词/to do不定式/doing /名词化的形容词/主语从句/形式主语it与真正主语 2) 谓语 谓语通常由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或其有的特征和状态，一般在主语之后 1.简单谓语:由动词(三单/过去式)或动词短语(不及物动词+介词)构成。 He practices running every morning・（动词 practice 做谓语） We usually listen to music on weekends.（动词短语 listen to 做谓语） 2.复合谓语 由情v+动原 或 助v加V某 构成 (注意：助V+V某 构成某种时态或语态(be doing/be done/have done /have been doing 此处的be 与have 均为助动词) You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 3.由系动词加表语构成，系动词不能单独作谓语，而要和表语一起做谓语 We are students. Your idea sounds great. 拓展训练 用下划线标出谓语动词，说明其构成方式。 My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you for a long time. I would stay at home all day. 总结：什么样的动词是谓语动词？ 动词带时态和语态/情态动词加动词原形/系表结构 3) 表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它一般位于be动词之后或者系动词之后。 She is very beautiful.(形容词作表语) 常见的系动词: (1) 状态系动词 用来表示主语的状态，只有 be 一词。 He is a teacher. (2) 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度，主要有 keep、remain、stay、lie、stand。 He kept silent at the meeting. This matter remains a mystery. The food stays fresh in the fridge. The house stood empty for years. He lies awake in bed. (3) 表像系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有 seem、appear、look。 Something seems wrong. He appears young. (4) 感官系动词 感官系动词主要有look “看起来”、feel “摸起来”、smell “闻起来”、sound “听起来”taste 尝起来 This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. (5) 变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有 become、 grow、 turn、 fall、 get、 He became mad after that. She grow rich within a short time. He fell ill yesterday. Eggs go bad easily in summer. His face went red. What he had dreamt of came true. (6) 终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove，turn out ，表示“证实，结果是”。 The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 、 What he predicted turned out (to be)wrong. 用下划线标出句子中的表语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构 Our English teacher is an American. The weather has turned cold. Three times seven is twenty one. His hobby is playing football. Is it yours? The speech is exciting. His job is to teach English. The machine must be under repair 4) 宾语 宾语是由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和 介宾结构，观察下列句子，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构。 1. They planted many trees yesterday. 2.I wanted to buy a car. 3.I enjoyed listening to popular music. 4. I think that he is fit for his job. 5.The government makes it easier to travel abroad 6.Please pass me that yellow ruler 7.I’m worried about my future job 8. My classmates always keep the room clean 总结：什么位置的词是宾语？或者说句子结构中的什么位置是宾语？ 介词之后/动词之后/be +adj之后 5)宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词，后接宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 Eg: Mary keeps the room clean 宾语(O) 补语(C) 此处的宾语与补语存在主谓关系 即 the room is clean I heard a boy singing under the tree 宾语(O) 补语(C) 即the boy is singing 宾语与补语之间存在主谓关系 观察下列句子的句子结构并分析宾语与划线部分的关系 1. His father named him Xiaoming. I think it necessary to learn English well Let the fresh air in. I found him in the classroom We saw her entering the room. 2. You mustn't force him to go out. I want your homework done on time. I notice him steal the wallet. 3. The children should keep their room clean 总结：什么位置的词是宾补？或者句型结构中的哪个部分称之为宾补？ ______________________________________________________________________________宾语的后面 与宾语存在主谓关系的成分叫宾补 6) 定语 定语是对名词或代词修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“...的”表示。 Guilin is a beautiful city.形容词作定语 前置情况: a beautiful girl adventure trip swimming pool walking man (思考：这两个ing 一样吗？有什么不同？) fallen leaves _______(pollute) water 污水 总结：什么可以充当前置定语？ Adj/n/现在分词/动名词/过去分词 思考2： 现在分词与动名词有何区别？ 现在分词表动作正在进行 动名词表示功能或者性质 定语后置的情况 1. 副词作定语时，通常要后置。例如: Do you know the lady downstairs? 你认识楼下的那位女士吗？ The people there are going to Beijing•那里的人们打算去北京。 2. 介词短语作定语时，必须后置。例如: The friendship between the two countries will last forever.两国之间的友谊将长存。 The ball under the chair is mine. 椅子下的球是我的。 3. 非谓语（to do 和doing(现在分词)/done(过去分词)作定语时，必须后置。例如 I have an opportunity to get the prize（拿奖的机会） The people living here are fond of folk songs. 住在这里的人们 .(此处名词people与live 存在主动关系 故用 living) The information mentioned above is useful (此处名词the information 与mention之间存在被动关系 故用mentioned) 思考1：现在分词与过去分词作定语的时候前有be动词吗 无 思考2：什么时候用现在分词作后置定语？什么时候用过去分词作后置定语？ 当名词与动词存在主动关系用现在分词，存在被动关系用过去分词 4.形容词短语作后置定语 The basket full of flowers is beautiful 5.定语从句 I like the music that I can dance to 总结：什么可以充当后置定语 To do/doing/done /adj短语/adv/介词短语/定从 画出下列句子的定语并说出其构成方式 1. The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu. The woman with the baby in her arms is his mother. 2. We need a place larger than this one. She carried a basket full of eggs. 3. He has enough money to buy a car. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. 5. I want to find a park to hang out 6. I like the students who read aloud in the morning 7. I like the clothes bought by my aunt best 7) 状语 修饰动词/形容词、副词或者整个句子，说明动作或者状态特征的句子成分，叫状语。 He writes carefully. （修饰动词，作状语） He successfully won the first prize This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词作状语）、 He runs very slowly.（程度副词修饰副词，作状语） Unfortunately, he lost all his money.（修饰整个句子，作状语） China has greatly changed in the past decades He is deeply moved by the film 思考：根据以上句子，总结副词经常出现的位置 动词前面 /动词后面/adj前面 /be done中间/have done中间/句首 （1） 一个句子中有几个并列状语，其顺序较灵活，但一般是，方式-地点--时间。 He worked hard at his lesson last year. I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning. He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment. （2） 频度副词 often, always ,usually ,sometimes ,never 为状语 （3） 按意义分类:状语的种类很多，一般为介词短语或者由连词引导 可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步等。一般位于句末 时间 last week/yesterday/ in 2001/on June 1st/ at 6:00 地点 on the desk/ outside the room/ in Sichuan/ on the beach 原因 because /because of/ for/since/ due to/ as a result of 目的 to do/ so that /in order that 结果 as a result 条件 if /unless/as long as/as soon as 方式 in a ..way/ with 用…/ by通过… /through通过 让步 though/although /even if /even though 伴随 with time going by /as time goes by 画出下列句子的状语成分并标出其构成形式 1. How about meeting again at six. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 2. Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 4. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 5. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8)同位语 同位语是在名词或者代词之后并对前者加以说明的成分。 We students should study hard. （students 是 we 的同位语） 拓展训练 选择正确答案，并指出句中的同位语。 1. ___C___, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train. A Them B. He C. They D. Theirs 三：简单句的五种基本结构 1)基本句型一 “SV”（主+谓） 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，即动词后都不带宾语，但可以带状语。 I can swim. Everything changes. 主语 谓语 主语 谓语 拓展训练 尝试划分下列句子成分。 It is raining now. We have worked for 5 hours. The meeting lasted half an hour. SV A S V A S V A 2)基本句型二“SVO”（主+谓+宾） 此结构由“主语+及物动词（短语）+宾语”构成。 I like English They are reading books. 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 He bought a computer last week. 主语 谓语 宾语 拓展训练 用下划线划分下列句子的成分。 ①People all over the world speak English. S V O ②Jim cannot dress himself. S V O ③All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. S V O ④He did not know what to say. S V O ⑤He just wanted to stay at home. S V O ⑥He practices speaking English every day. S V O A 3)基本句型三:S V IO DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾） 1. 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如:give"给”，pass"递”，bring" “带” show"展示”这两个宾语通常一个指人为间接宾语；一个指物为 直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 2. 常跟双宾语的及物动词: bring/give/hand/leave/lend/offer/pass/pay/promise/sell/send/ show/teach/tell/wish/write---to buy /get/make/order--for 例如： He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. =He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me. She bought John a book. =She bought a book for John. 拓展训练 分析下列句子成分，并指出间接宾语和直接宾语。 ① She ordered herself a new dress. He bought you a dictionary. S V IO DO S V IO DO ② I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. S V IO DO S V IO DO ③ I told him that the bus was late. S V IO DO 4)基本句型四:S V O C（主+谓+宾+宾补） 此句型句子特点:动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来对宾语进行补充说明，才能使 意思完整。 We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 My mother asks me to say more. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I heard her singing happily just now. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 分析下列句子成分，并指出其中的宾语补足语。 ① They appointed him manager. They painted the door green. ② He pushed the door open. They found the house deserted. ③ What makes him think so? We saw him out. ④ He asked me to come back soon. I saw them getting on the bus. ⑤ We all think it a pity that she didn't come here. l have my bike repaired. ⑥ We elected him monitor. Don't keep the lights burning. 思考：学了SV IO DO 和 SVOC 之后 ，思考一下，你能提出什么有价值的问题吗？ 怎样判断O之后的成分是直宾还是宾补 观察两个例句并试着同学之间谈论解决这个问题： He bought you a dictionary. His father named him Xiaoming Solution:宾语和后面成分存在主谓关系则为宾补 不存在关系则为直宾 5)基本句型五:SVP(主+系+表) 拓展训练: 用下划线画出下列句子中的系动词。 1) His advice proved right. The shop stays open till 8o'clock. The machine went wrong. 2) All these efforts seem in vain. These words sound reasonable. The room soon became crowded. 3) Trees turn green in spring. What you said sounds great. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Welcome unit句子结构学案 1.句子成分以及八大基本结构 2. 成分挨个突破！！！ 1) 主语： 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 观察下列句子，用下划线标出句子的主语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构。 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2. We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4. To swim in the pool is a great pleasure. 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 6. The rich should help the poor. 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9. That he isn't at home is not true. 总结：可以做主语的有： ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) 谓语 谓语通常由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或其有的特征和状态，一般在主语之后 1.简单谓语:由动词(三单/过去式)或动词短语(不及物动词+介词)构成。 He practices running every morning・（动词 practice 做谓语） We usually listen to music on weekends.（动词短语 listen to 做谓语） 2.复合谓语 由情v+动原 或 助v加V某 构成 (注意：助V+V某 构成某种时态或语态(be doing/be done/have done /have been doing 此处的be 与have 均为助动词) You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 3.由系动词加表语构成，系动词不能单独作谓语，而要和表语一起做谓语 We are students. Your idea sounds great. 拓展训练 用下划线标出谓语动词，说明其构成方式。 My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you for a long time. I would stay at home all day. 总结：什么样的动词是谓语动词？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) 表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它一般位于be动词之后或者系动词之后。 She is very beautiful.(形容词作表语) 常见的系动词: (1) 状态系动词 用来表示主语的状态，只有 be 一词。 He is a teacher. (2) 持续系动词 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度，主要有 keep、remain、stay、lie、stand。 He kept silent at the meeting. This matter remains a mystery. The food stays fresh in the fridge. The house stood empty for years. He lies awake in bed. (3) 表像系动词 用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有 seem、appear、look。 Something seems wrong. He appears young. (4) 感官系动词 感官系动词主要有look “看起来”、feel “摸起来”、smell “闻起来”、sound “听起来”taste 尝起来 This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. (5) 变化系动词 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。变化系动词主要有 become、 grow、 turn、 fall、 get、 He became mad after that. She grow rich within a short time. He fell ill yesterday. Eggs go bad easily in summer. His face went red. What he had dreamt of came true. (6) 终止系动词 表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove，turn out ，表示“证实，结果是”。 The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 、 What he predicted turned out (to be)wrong. 用下划线标出句子中的表语，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构 Our English teacher is an American. The weather has turned cold. Three times seven is twenty one. His hobby is playing football. Is it yours? The speech is exciting. His job is to teach English. The machine must be under repair 4) 宾语 宾语是由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和 介宾结构，观察下列句子，并说明其所属的词性或语法结构。 1. They planted many trees yesterday. 2.I wanted to buy a car. 3.I enjoyed listening to popular music. 4. I think that he is fit for his job. 5.The government makes it easier to travel abroad 6.Please pass me that yellow ruler 7.I’m worried about my future job 8. My classmates always keep the room clean 总结：什么位置的词是宾语？或者说句子结构中的什么位置是宾语？ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5)宾语补足语: 英语中有些及物动词，后接宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 Eg: Mary keeps the room clean 宾语(O) 补语(C) 此处的宾语与补语存在主谓关系 即 the room is clean I heard a boy singing under the tree 宾语(O) 补语(C) 即the boy is singing 宾语与补语之间存在主谓关系 观察下列句子的句子结构并分析宾语与划线部分的关系 1. His father named him Xiaoming. I think it necessary to learn English well Let the fresh air in. I found him in the classroom We saw her entering the room. 2. You mustn't force him to go out. I want your homework done on time. I notice him steal the wallet. 3. The children should keep their room clean 总结：什么位置的词是宾补？或者句型结构中的哪个部分称之为宾补？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6) 定语 定语是对名词或代词修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“...的”表示。 Guilin is a beautiful city.形容词作定语 前置情况: a beautiful girl adventure trip swimming pool walking man (思考：这两个ing 一样吗？有什么不同？) fallen leaves _______(pollute) water 污水 总结：什么可以充当前置定语？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 思考2： 现在分词与动名词有何区别？ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 定语后置的情况 1. 副词作定语时，通常要后置。例如: Do you know the lady downstairs? 你认识楼下的那位女士吗？ The people there are going to Beijing•那里的人们打算去北京。 2. 介词短语作定语时，必须后置。例如: The friendship between the two countries will last forever.两国之间的友谊将长存。 The ball under the chair is mine. 椅子下的球是我的。 3. 非谓语（to do 和doing(现在分词)/done(过去分词)作定语时，必须后置。例如 I have an opportunity to get the prize（拿奖的机会） The people living here are fond of folk songs. 住在这里的人们 .(此处名词people与live 存在主动关系 故用 living) The information mentioned above is useful (此处名词the information 与mention之间存在被动关系 故用mentioned) 思考1：现在分词与过去分词作定语的时候前有be动词吗 __________________________________________________________________________ 思考2：什么时候用现在分词作后置定语？什么时候用过去分词作后置定语？ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.形容词短语作后置定语 The basket full of flowers is beautiful 5.定语从句 I like the music that I can dance to 总结：什么可以充当后置定语 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 画出下列句子的定语并说出其构成方式 1. The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu. The woman with the baby in her arms is his mother. 2. We need a place larger than this one. She carried a basket full of eggs. 3. He has enough money to buy a car. The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 4. There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. 5. I want to find a park to hang out 6. I like the students who read aloud in the morning 7. I like the clothes bought by my aunt best 7) 状语 修饰动词/形容词、副词或者整个句子，说明动作或者状态特征的句子成分，叫状语。 He writes carefully. （修饰动词，作状语） He successfully won the first prize This material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词作状语）、 He runs very slowly.（程度副词修饰副词，作状语） Unfortunately, he lost all his money.（修饰整个句子，作状语） China has greatly changed in the past decades He is deeply moved by the film 思考：根据以上句子，总结副词经常出现的位置 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （1） 一个句子中有几个并列状语，其顺序较灵活，但一般是，方式-地点--时间。 He worked hard at his lesson last year. I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning. He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment. （2） 频度副词 often, always ,usually ,sometimes ,never 为状语 （3） 按意义分类:状语的种类很多，一般为介词短语或者由连词引导 可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步等。一般位于句末 时间 last week/yesterday/ in 2001/on June 1st/ at 6:00 地点 on the desk/ outside the room/ in Sichuan/ on the beach 原因 because /because of/ for/since/ due to/ as a result of 目的 to do/ so that /in order that 结果 as a result 条件 if /unless/as long as/as soon as 方式 in a ..way/ with 用…/ by通过… /through通过 让步 though/although /even if /even though 伴随 with time going by /as time goes by 画出下列句子的状语成分并标出其构成形式 1. How about meeting again at six. Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 2. Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 4. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 5. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8)同位语 同位语是在名词或者代词之后并对前者加以说明的成分。 We students should study hard. （students 是 we 的同位语） 拓展训练 选择正确答案，并指出句中的同位语。 1. ______, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train. A Them B. He C. They D. Theirs 三：简单句的五种基本结构 1)基本句型一 “SV”（主+谓） 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，即动词后都不带宾语，但可以带状语。 I can swim. Everything changes. 主语 谓语 主语 谓语 拓展训练 尝试划分下列句子成分。 It is raining now. We have worked for 5 hours. The meeting lasted half an hour. 2)基本句型二“SVO”（主+谓+宾） 此结构由“主语+及物动词（短语）+宾语”构成。 I like English They are reading books. 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 He bought a computer last week. 主语 谓语 宾语 拓展训练 用下划线划分下列句子的成分。 ①People all over the world speak English. ②Jim cannot dress himself. ③All pf us believe that Jack is an honest boy. ④He did not know what to say. ⑤He just wanted to stay at home. ⑥He practices speaking English every day. 3)基本句型三:S V IO DO（主+谓+间宾+直宾） 1. 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如:give"给”，pass"递”，bring" “带” show"展示”这两个宾语通常一个指人为间接宾语；一个指物为 直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 2. 常跟双宾语的及物动词: bring/give/hand/leave/lend/offer/pass/pay/promise/sell/send/ show/teach/tell/wish/write---to buy /get/make/order--for 例如： He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. =He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me. She bought John a book. =She bought a book for John. 拓展训练 分析下列句子成分，并指出间接宾语和直接宾语。 ① She ordered herself a new dress. He bought you a dictionary. ② I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. ③ I told him that the bus was late. 4)基本句型四:S V O C（主+谓+宾+宾补） 此句型句子特点:动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来对宾语进行补充说明，才能使 意思完整。 We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 My mother asks me to say more. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 I heard her singing happily just now. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 分析下列句子成分，并指出其中的宾语补足语。 ① They appointed him manager. They painted the door green. ② He pushed the door open. They found the house deserted. ③ What makes him think so? We saw him out. ④ He asked me to come back soon. I saw them getting on the bus. ⑤ We all think it a pity that she didn't come here. l have my bike repaired. ⑥ We elected him monitor. Don't keep the lights burning. 思考：学了SV IO DO 和 SVOC 之后 ，思考一下，你能提出什么有价值的问题吗？ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 观察两个例句并试着同学之间谈论解决这个问题： He bought you a dictionary. His father named him Xiaoming Solution:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5)基本句型五:SVP(主+系+表) 拓展训练: 用下划线画出下列句子中的系动词。 1) His advice proved right. The shop stays open till 8o'clock. The machine went wrong. 2) All these efforts seem in vain. These words sound reasonable. The room soon became crowded. 3) Trees turn green in spring. What you said sounds great. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$