小升初英语课程第11讲 宾语从句（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

小升初英语课程第十一讲 ——宾语从句+完形填空（11）+首字母(11) 1、 【考点解读】 宾语从句是初中八年级学习的知识点，但是想要考好的民办学校必须提前学习这一知识点，在新概念1和新概念2课文中都有涉及，推荐在学习新概念1和2的同时去感悟和理解掌握这一个知识点，在作文中写一些宾语从句的句子也可以反映一个学生的英语功底。 2、 【知识讲解】 知识点1——宾语从句的概念 在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 知识点2——宾语从句连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that，口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. (2).以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述句语序 　　 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Tom. 注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 　　 a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if 　　 eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic. 　　 b. 引导词与动词不定式或 or not 连用时， 只用whether. 　　 eg, Please let me know what to do next. 　　 Could you tell me whether you go or not? 　　 c. if当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，引导词后要用陈述句语序。 e.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 知识点3——宾语从句时态 a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如： Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）? b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如： I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： He said （that the earth moves round the sun.） The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.） 时态总结口诀：“主现从不变，主过从倒退，客观规律真理永一现”。 即：当主句是一般现在时，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态； 当主句是一般过去时，从句时态相应倒退一格； 如果从句是客观规律和真理时态不用变，还是用一般现在时。 知识点4——宾语从句人称的变化 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。即：(一主二宾三不变) “May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I knew her telephone number. 知识点5——宾语从句的转化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如： I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy. 3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park? 4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 【课堂小结】宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 三、【典例探究】 【例题1】： Have you decided ________for Australia? A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave 解析：考察宾语从句。引导词+主语+谓语，故选D。 【例题2】： Can you tell me _________ ? A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 解析：此题考查宾语从句，正确顺序为：引导词+主语+谓语，故选D。 四、【课堂运用】 【基础】 【练习1】 The old man asked me ________ . A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema 【练习2】 I wonder _________ . A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost 【巩固】 【练习1】 July didn’t know_________. A. where is Tim’s father B. when was the first watch made C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch 【练习2】 He asked me _________. A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the money C. whether the sender of the money found out D. whether I found out the sender of the money 【拔高】 【练习1】 ---Excuse me. Could you tell me _______? --- Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station 【练习2】 Do you know ______? A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on 【练习3】 I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you． A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If 5、 【课后巩固】 【习题1】 I want to know _________. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 【习题2】 Mary ___show me her new dictionary. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to 【习题3】 I can't understand _____. A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means 6、 【完形填空】 Mr. Jackson was on duty that evening. It was___1___ and there was thick snow outside. So ___2___people came to the hospital and he could ___3___ on the bed in his office and soon he went to___4___ . Suddenly someone knocked at the door and it woke him up. He got up and ___5___ the door. In went an old man. His wife was___6___and he asked the doctor to go to look her over. It was still ___7___when Mr. Jackson came out. The old farmer walked fast and he hardly ___8___him. It was difficult for him to walk on the snowy roads. When he got to the man’s house, he was very ___9___. He looked over the old woman and found she had a bad cold. He gave her some ___10___and began to return to the hospital. The wind was blowing strongly and he had to walk___11___ so that he wouldn’t fall over. And when he was near the hospital, he had a___12___ in his foot. He walked slowly and at last he went into his office, He ___13___his shoe and looked at his foot. There was much blood (血) on it. He___14___ he stepped on (踩) a broken bottle. He looked at his shoe carefully and said to ___15___ , “Luckily, it didn’t prick(扎)my shoe!” 1. A. hot B. warm C. cool D. cold 2. A. few B. a few C. some D. many 3. A. play B. dance C. lie down D. sit down 4. A. work B. sleep C. study D. write 5. A. closed B. mended C. opened D. broke 6. A. healthy B. strong C. weak D. ill 7. A. snowing B. shining C. raining D. singing 8. A. got on well with B. caught up withC. looked after D. listened to 9. A. sorry B. afraid C. strange D. tired 10. A. medicine B. food C. water D. sugar 11. A. quickly B. carefully C. noisily D. heavily 12. A. hole B. sock C. pain D. pill 13. A. took off B. put up C. burnt D. sold 14. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. was told 15. A. him B. her C. them D. himself 这篇短文讲的是一个好心的医生在下雪的夜里出诊，由于天黑和匆忙的缘故，他把自己的脚扎伤了，而他却幽默地安慰自己——幸好鞋子没扎坏。 1. D。根据下文的下雪，故得知是一个寒冷的天气。 　　2. A。由于天气的缘故，几乎无人在晚上出来看病。few和little都表示否定，但little用来修饰不可数名词，故不选。 　　3. C。没有病人，医生便躺下休息了。 　　4. B。go to sleep 表示“睡着”。 　　5. C。 　　6. D。因为生病才要请医生。而weak只表示虚弱，未必就得看医生。 　　7. A。根据上文的天气情况可知外面仍在下雪。 　　8. B。catch up意思是“跟上，赶上”。 　　9. D。因为下雪路面不好行走，再加上走得快，所以走得很累。 　　10. A。医生看完病后，一定会开药。 　　11. B。路很难走，所以不得不小心。 　　12. C。根据下文他的脚流血了，证明这里他应该感到疼痛。 　　13. A。根据文意，他是在脱掉鞋子检查自己的脚。 　　14. B。 　　15. D。这里别无他人，故他是 say to himself。 7、 【首字母】 Mr King taught English in a middle school. He was very b 1 all the time and couldn’t do some r 2 So he left the school and opened a book shop in the c 3 of the town. It wasn’t big enough but all the books were nice and most people liked to buy some there. When the shop was c 4 he could read at home. He knew a lot and the learned（有学问的）person were glad to make f 5 with him. It was Sunday and it was cold outside. Mr King was very busy. At nine in the evening all the buyers left e____6 a girl. She was dressed up and waited for s 7 there. Standing by the shelves, she looked over the books one after a 8 It made them in a fearful mess（凌乱不堪）. Mr King came up to her and asked, “Excuse me, madam. What can I do for you?” “Your books are all dull（乏味的）,” said the girl, “I want a d 9 one.” “That’s easy,” Mr King smiled. He t 10 out a cookbook（烹调书）and said, “Here you are, madam.” Keys： 1. busy 2.reading 3.center 4.closed 5.friends 6.except 7.someone/somebody 8.another 9.delicious 10. took 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$