小升初英语课程第10讲 被动语态（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

小升初英语课程第十讲 ——被动语态+完形填空（10）+首字母(10) 1、 【考点解读】 被动语态是一些民办学校招生考试中肯定涉及的一个知识点，初中阶段的学习是八年级开始学习这个知识点，但是对于想要考好学校的考生来说一定要完全掌握其用法。一般多以单项选择题和动词的适当形式填空出现。 2、 【知识讲解】 知识点1——被动语态的概念 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice)和被动语态（The Passive Voice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 知识点2——几种常用时态的被动语态 1)一般现在时： am/is/are+过去分词 Bikes are sold in that shop. 2)一般过去时： was/were+过去分词 China was liberated（解放） in 1949. 3)一般将来时： shall/will/be going to+be+过去分词 An English class will be given by Jack tomorrow. 4)现在进行时：am/is/are+being+过去分词 A car is being driven now. 5)现在完成时：have/has+been+过去分词 A road has been built by the government. 6)过去进行时：was/were+being+过去分词 7)过去完成时：had+been+过去分词 8)过去将来时：would+be+过去分词 9)情态动词：情态动词+be+过去分词 This clock can be repaired here. The trees may be planted at other times of the year. The composition must be handed in after class. The young trees should be planted in spring. 知识点3——主动变被动 They bought the house ten years ago. ---The house was bought (by them) ten years ago. 含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构： 可以将一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动, 当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前加 to 或 for 1)My mother gave me a pencil. ---I was given a pencil by my mother. ---A pencil was given to me by my mother. 2) Father bought me a new coat. ---I was bought a new coat . ---A new coat was bought for me. 【注】含短语动词变为被动结构不可漏掉介词 You must hand in the exercise-books tomorrow. ---The exercise-books must be handed in tomorrow. 知识点4——常用的被动语态句式 It is believed that…, It is reported that…, It is said that… 例：It is believed that the secret will be found out. It is reported that a new airport will be built next year. It is said that we will have a new classmate. 三、【典例探究】 【例题1】： His new book___ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published 解析：考察一般将来时的被动语态，题中有信号词next month，故选A。 【例题2】： —Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No,I____. A. am not invited B.wasn’t invited C.haven’t invited D.didn’t invite 解析：此题考查语态。时态上判断是过去时，故选B。 四、【课堂运用】 【基础】 【练习1】 Trees and flowers_______every year to make our country more beautiful. A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted. 【练习2】 Look! A nice picture___for our teacher. A. is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws. 【巩固】 【练习1】 A story __ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us 【练习2】 People under twenty years old should not____to drive in China. A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed 【拔高】 【练习1】 By 1980 the bridge ______. A. was completed B. had been completed C. has been completed D. have been completed 【练习2】 Another railway bridge ____ there now. A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. has been built 【练习3】 翻译： ①我的作业已经被写完了。 _______________________________________________________ ②这本书明天将会被卖出去。 _______________________________________________________ ③这辆车正在被修理。 _______________________________________________________ ④你的作业必须在今天写完。 _______________________________________________________ ⑤Tom说下周他的房子将会被卖出去。 _______________________________________________________ ⑥这些花每天都被浇水。 _______________________________________________________ ⑦到上周为止，那座桥已经被建造好了。 _______________________________________________________ 5、 【课后巩固】 【习题1】 The Great Wall_______about all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known 【习题2】 Mary ___show me her new dictionary. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to 【习题3】 The earth is our home.It ___well. A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected. 6、 【完形填空】 A thirsty bee went to a river to drink. As it was drinking, the bee was___1___ away by the running water. 　　A kind bird saw that the bee was in ___2__ . It picked___3___ off a tree and threw ___4___ into the water in front of the bee. The bee climbed___5___ the leaf, and it was brought___6___to the land. The bee thanked the bee a lot and then___7__ . 　　Not___8___ that, the bird was sitting___9___ the branch of a tree. It did not know that a man was shooting at it. But the bee saw ___10___the man was doing. So it flew into the man’s___11___and stung(刺蜇) him. The ___12___in the man’s eye was so great that he was not able to ___13___the bird, and the bird flew away. 　　___14___ the bee, ___15___ life had been saved by the bird, was able to save the life of the bird. 　　1. A. flying B. brought C. flowing D. carried 　　2. A. trouble B. a trouble C. danger D. dangerous 　　3. A. a leaf B. leaves C. leaf D. the leaf 　　4. A. them B. one C. it D. this 　　5. A. onto B. on C. to D. at 　　6. A. safety B. safe C. saved D. safely 　　7. A. climbed away B. ran away C. flew away D. got away 　　8. A. long before B. before long C. after long D. long after 　　9. A. in B. on C. at D. by 　　10. A. that B. what C. which D. when 　　11. A. eye B. nose C. mouth D. ear 　　12. A. pain B. bee C. bird D. earache 　　13. A. shoot B. shoot at C. shoot to D. shoot on 　　14. A. In the way B. On the way C. In a way D. In this way 　　15. A. her B. the C. whose D. its 本文是一篇寓言，介绍了蜜蜂和小鸟互相帮助，脱离危险的故事。救人一命胜造七级浮屠，我们从中可以学到乐于施恩，不忘回报的道理。 1. D。根据句意，蜜蜂是被水冲走了，所以选carried。 　　2. C。in danger的意思为“处于危险之中”的意思。根据下文小鸟设法救蜜蜂的过程可以推断蜜蜂处于危险之中。 　　3. A。一方面根据句意，从树上摘下的可能是“树叶(leaf)”,另一方面从下文The bee climbed __5__ the leaf，可以断定应选leaf。 　　4. C。it指代上文所说的树叶。 　　5. A。本题考介词的正确用法，climb onto是“爬到……上面”的意思，故选A。 　　6. D。应用副词作状语，故选safely。 　　7. C。根据文章的意思应为安全“飞走”之意。 　　8. D。B、C显然不可选。根据上下文可知，事情发生在那件事情(that)之后，故选D。 　　9. B。小鸟坐在树枝上，介词应用on。 　　10. B。宾语从句中需要一个作宾语的连接代词，故选what。 　　11. A。由下文可知它是飞向那个人的眼睛，使他无法射击小鸟。 　　12. A。根据文章的意思应是疼痛使那人不能射杀小鸟。 　　13. A。shoot是“射中、射死”的意思;shoot at是“瞄准、朝……射击”的意思，故选A。 　　14. D。In the way是“挡路”的意思;On the way是“在路上”的意思;In a way是“从某种程度上”的意思;In this way是“以这种方式”的意思。 　　15. C。根据句子结构分析，此空后面是一个非限制性定语从句，故选关系代词whose。 7、 【首字母】  While t___1____in Russia, Ed Jackson ran short of（缺少）money. So he wrote to his brother, asking for ＄500. “Send the m___2____by telegram（电报）to the bank（银行）here,” he wrote. After a week Ed began v___3____ the bank. He s___4____his passport（护照）to the bank clerk（职员）. “Nothing has come for you, Mr. Jackson,” he was told. This went o___5____for three weeks, and Mr. Jackson got very w___6____.He then phoned his brother, asking w___7____ the money was. The brother said it had been sent three weeks b___8____That evening Ed Jackson was arrested（被捕）for failing to p___9___his hotel bill（账单）. He tried to tell the police what his problem was, but no one would believe him. At last he was s___10____to the police station for fifteen days. Keys： 1. traveling 2. money 3. visiting 4. showed 5. on 6. worried 7. where 8. before 9. pay 10. sent 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$