小升初英语课程第9讲 时态2（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

小升初英语课程第九讲 ——时态（2）+完形填空（9）+首字母(9) 1、 【考点解读】 现在完成时、过去完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时的基本结构和用法，要求考生能正确理解并熟练掌握各大时态的区别与联系。本节内容为重中之重，且具有一定的理解难度，请考生们一定要熟练掌握。 2、 【知识讲解】 知识点1——现在完成时 构成：have/has+动词的过去分词 1)表示过去不确定时间里发生的并与现在存在联系的动作，常与 already, just, yet, ever, never, before 等词连用 I have just had lunch. Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 2)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作，常与 for+时间段…, since+时间点…连用 She has been abroad for three years. He has worked here since he graducated from school. 3)表示过去某一时间到说话时反复发生的动作和动作发生的次数，常与 always, often, usually, once, twice, in the past few years He has always helped us. I have watched this TV program twice. Great changes have taken place in the city in the past few years. 4)在时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作 The school bus will start when all the students have arrived. 5)It/This is the first time that…结构中要用完成时 This is the first time I have seen his parents. 知识点2——过去完成时 构成：had+动词过去分词 过去完成时的精髓就在于理解四个字“过去的过去”。 1）表示在过去某时之前已经完成或结束的动作或状态，常与 by…, when…, before…等引导 时间状语的词连用。 The film had already started when I got to the cinema. He had written five books by the end of last year. 2) 表示开始于过去某时之前，并持续到过去某时的动作或状态。 They had worked 14 hours when I left. She told me that she had worked in that company for more than five years. 知识点3——过去进行时 构成：was/ were+动词 ing 形式 1)表示过去某时正在进行的动作 What were you doing this time yesterday? 2)表示过去某一阶段正在进行的动作 She was doing shopping the whole day. We were having an exam from 8 to 10 yesterday morning. 3)表示动作发生的背景 The telephone rang when I was taking a bath. While my mother was doing the washing, my father was cooking dinner. 知识点4——过去将来时 构成：主语+ was/were going to+ 动词原形 主语+ would/should+ 动词原形 表示在过去某一时间预测将发生的动作或状态，常用于间接引语中。 He said that he would go to the library that weekend. They told me that they were going to have a picnic the next week. 三、【典例探究】 【例题1】： My sister _____ the Youth League last year. She _____ a Youth League member for about a year now. A. joined…has become B. joined…has been C. has joined…has been D. did join…had been 解析：考察时态辨析。前面信号词last year,用一般过去时，后面for+一段时间用现在完成时，且要用延续性动词，故选B。此题易错选A。 【例题2】： Peter _____ the work in a week. A. have finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. will finish 解析：此题考查时态。题眼中是in a week表示一周之后，故用一般将来时选D。 四、【课堂运用】 【基础】 【练习1】 By the end of last term, we _____ Book Five. A. have learned B. would learn C. had learned D. were learning 【练习2】 He _____ to me since last month. A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. hasn’t written D. won’t write 【巩固】 【练习1】 They _____ supper when we _____ into the room. A. are having…went B. were having…go C. were having…went D. are having…go 【练习2】 We’ll go climbing if it _____ tomorrow. A. won’t rain B. did rain C. isn’t rain D. doesn’t rain 【拔高】 【练习1】 The students _____ the History Museum if it _____ fine tomorrow. A. will visit….is B. will visit…will be C. would visit …was D. would visit…would be 【练习2】 _____ she _____ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ? A. Was…going over B. Is…go over C. Has…gone over D. Will…go over 【练习3】 翻译： ①这个老人已经死了5年了。 _______________________________________________________ ②我已经买这本书3天了。 _______________________________________________________ ③他已经借这本书10个星期了。 _______________________________________________________ ④Tom已经离开10分钟了。 _______________________________________________________ ⑤他已经参军10年了。 _______________________________________________________ ⑥电影已经开始10分钟了。 _______________________________________________________ ⑦电影已经结束半小时了。 _______________________________________________________ ⑧我爸爸已经去美国3个月了。 _______________________________________________________ 5、 【课后巩固】 【习题1】 He can’t go to the cinema with me because he ____ a meeting. A. was having B. would have C. is having D. had 【习题2】 John ____ he ____ his life for his country. A. said…give B. says…will give C. said…gives D. said…would give 【习题3】 How long _____ your uncle ____ in the army ? A. has…joined B. has…been C. does…join D. had…joined 6、 【完形填空】 Who designed (设计) the first helicopter (直升飞机)? Who __1__ of the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most __2__? There is an answer __3__ all these questions --- Leonardo de Vinci (达芬奇). 　　Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) __4__ have ever known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn’t __5__ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea would have worked. 　　But Leonardo __6__ an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called a master ( 大师) painter, and as he got older he became __7__ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways __8__ he was ready to paint. 　　Many of Leonardo’s wonderful paintings are still with __9__ today. You may know one of his most famous works the __10__ woman known as the Mona Lisa. 　　1. A. took B. made C. painted D. invented 　　2. A. artists B. doctors C. painters D. people 　　3. A. to B. of C. for D. from 　　4. A. the scientists B. the artists C. the world D. people 　　5. A. draw B. paint C. work D. build 　　6. A. was just B. wasn’t just C. wasn’t D. was no longer 　　7. A. less B. no C. even D. very 　　8. A. before B. after C. because D. when 　　9. A. him B. us C. them D. you 　　10. A. interesting B. crying C. smiling D. surprising 本文介绍了堪称世界上最伟大的天才——达?芬奇在发明、艺术等方面为人类所作的巨大贡献，文章层次分明，通俗易懂。 1.C。为了引出话题人物━━达?芬奇，这里引用了设问手法，问题应表示“是谁画了世界上最著名的画”，故选择动词painted。 　　2.B。对人体比较了解的莫过于医生了，将达?芬奇与医生相比才能显示其对人体的精通。故选择doctors。 　　3.A。介词to常表示一一对应的关系，“问题的答案”习惯表达为an answer to a question。 　　4.D。达?芬奇应是世人所知道的天才中最伟大的人，the world 一般指每个人，相当于第三人称单数，故people为正确选项。 　　5.D。draw和paint不合文意, work为不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。在那个时代，达?芬奇所不能做的应是制造飞机，故选择build。 　　6.B。这一句起承上启下的作用，意为“达?芬奇不仅仅是一名发明家”，故选择 wasn’t just。 　　7.C。less和no不合文章，very不能用来修饰比较级，而even常用来修饰比较级，意为“甚至更……”，故为正确选项。 　　8.A。为了使自己的画达到最高境界，应在画这幅画之前去尝试不同的画法，所以应选before。 　　9.B。达?芬奇的画今天依然保存在世，为本文作者以及读者所共享，所以应选us。 　　10.C。达?芬奇的名作━━Mona Lisa以画中人物面部神秘的微笑而名扬天下，故选smiling。 7、 【首字母】  Can animals be made to work for people? Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained（训练）to do a number of simple jobs i 1 of people. They say that at a circus（杂技场）,for example, we may see elephants, monkeys, dogs and other animals doing q 2 skillful（熟练的）things. Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film. If you watch closely, you may find that the trainer（驯兽员）always g 3 the animal some sugar o 4 a piece of fruit as a reward（报酬）. The scientists say that many d 5 animals may be trained to do a lot of simple things if they know they will get a reward f 6 doing that. Of course, as we know, dogs can be trained to look after a house, and soldiers in both old and modern t 7 have u 8 geese to give warning（警报）by m 9 a lot of noise when an enemy comes near. And also it may be possible to train animals to work in families or f 10 . Keys： 1. instead 2. quite 3. gives 4. or 5. different 6. for 7. times 8. used 9. making 10. factories 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$