2025届高考备考英语语法：动词 讲解 课件

2025高考语法专题之 动词的用法 01 考情分析 目录 02 知识建构 03 知识梳理 04 题型归纳 01 考情分析 年份 卷别 动词和动词短语（2022-2024） 2024 新高考I卷 won赢得；training训练；hated讨厌； turned to转向；dreamed梦想；borrowed借； passed超过；matured成熟； 新高考II卷 approached靠近;attended参加，上(学)；building修建；quote引用；recall记起；rely on依靠；showed展示；traveling旅行；engage参与 浙江卷1月 struggled斗争、奋斗；string串起；praised赞扬;remind提醒；gather集合；come up with想出；accompanied伴随;forgotten忘记； 全国甲卷 experienced经历；tolerated容忍；study学习；admire钦佩；go through经历；talk对话、讨论；come alive变生动； 考情透视 年份 卷别 动词和动词短语（2022-2024） 2023 新高考I卷 finished完成; stopped停止；bent down弯腰;assessed评估；leave离开； 新高考II卷 happened碰巧;offered提供; pick up接载; work out解决；load装载; call打电话；flew飞； 全国甲卷 stayed暂住；making使；让； bring带来； tried尝试；look看起来；pack包装；grown成长；given给； 全国乙卷 knew知道,了解;led带领；领先;took需要;shine照耀；发光；pack up整理；收拾行李；ride骑；漂浮；went off离开;train培训;helped帮助；defeated打败；transformed转换；改造；改变；winning赢得；led带领；领先;took需要;shine照耀；发光 北京卷 chat闲聊;write写；learning学习；flying by飞越；飞逝；complaining抱怨； tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分； 浙江卷1月 witness见证；目睹；followed跟随；gathered聚集、采集； lit点燃；点亮；climbing攀爬；inched缓慢移动；slid down滑下； hatching孵化； 考情透视 年份 卷别 动词和动词短语（2022-2024） 2022 新高考I卷 camped露营；worked起作用；headed off启程，出发；interrupted中断；start启动； 新高考II卷 plan计划； please取悦;staying停留；sending发送； 全国甲卷 learned了解到；worried担心；. walked牵着（动物）走； continued继续；suggested建议，推荐；respected尊重； caring照顾；need需要； 全国乙卷 escaping避开；;interpreted解释escaping避开；interpreted解释；contradicted相矛盾；see看见；speak说；comprehended理解； insist on坚持； 浙江卷1月 go through经历；compromise使陷入危险、妥协；include包括；expect期待、预期； understand理解;add补充说; 浙江卷6月 love爱； as if 好像；afford支付得起； introduce介绍;believe相信；C. develop发展，培养；follow跟随；giving给； 北京卷 spotted看见、注意到； recover恢复、康复；arrive到达；show up露面，出现； 考情透视 分析近年高考试卷可知，高考对动词和动词短语的考查一直是高考试题的重点和难点。其广泛分布在试卷的所有提醒中，不同题型各有侧重点。 听力：中侧重其动词及情态动词的语音语调、词义辨析、时态和句式的灵活运用； 阅读理解：侧重动词词义、熟词生义以及动词在长难句中的灵活运用； 完形填空：侧重考查词义辨析和熟词生义； 语法填空:考查谓语和非谓语辨析为主， 书面表达:考查对动词词形和用法的熟练掌握。 考情透视 1. 掌握动词的基本用法； 2. 掌握以动词为核心的固定短语； 3. 掌握情态动词和助动词的用法； 4. 掌握常考不及物动词和系动词； 复习目标 知识建构 基础详单 知识点 动词概述 动词在英语中分为四大类，分别是实义动词（句子中表示动作的词如eat, ）、系动词（连接前后的作用如，be, keep,become等）、情态动词（表示说话人的语气和态度，如must, can, may, should等。）和助动词（帮助实义动词构成疑问句、否定句和各种时态do, have）。 基础详单 命题方向 阅读理解：考查动词或短语的词义辨析及熟词生义，如【2022·全国乙卷】hit home to切中要害，深刻理解； 完形填空：主要考查在特定语境中动词和动词短语的熟词生义和词义辨析。动词词义辨析题主要考查结合语境区分动词词义的能力，在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义，注意一词多义和熟词生义；养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。 语法填空: 考查动词作谓语和非谓语的用法，动词和其它词的搭配，如【2024·新高考I stay closed】 预测：在语篇型填空中，给出动词，要求考生在设空出填出与之搭配的介词或者副词。预计2025年的高考动词和动词短语考查突出语境复杂化和综合化的特点。 基础详单 解题方向 1．长难句中首先考虑找到谓语，提炼句子的主干； 2．解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后，根据上下文进行合理推断； 3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略； 4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略； 5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。 第一节 动词的概述 英文的复杂在动词，因为它们具体、精确，分类细致，我们学习所谓“语法”，基本上都是围绕动词的分类展开，所以对于动词基本概念的理解，是基础。及物动词与不及物动词、实意动词和非实意动词、限定动词和非限定动词、动态动词和静态动词、延续性动词和非延续性动词、限定动词和非限定动词、等等细致精确的分类。 一．动词的概念：表示行为、动作等的词。"动词"，表示人或事物的动作、存在、变化的词。如 走(walk)、笑(laugh)、有(have)、在(lie)、 看(see)、 写(write)、飞(fly)、 落(land)、 保护(protect)、 开始(start)、起来(wake)、上去(up/get up)， 表示主语的动作、存在、变化，或主语对宾语的动作，态度。如 他来了。"("He arrived")(不及物，表示主语的动态) 我们热爱祖国"("We love our motherland")(主语跟着宾语，表示主语对宾语的态度) 二．动词的分类： 分类标准 类型 动词的意义 联系动词 系动词be; 感官类; 保持类; 变化类 实意动词 及物动词，不及物动词 助动词 do,have,be 情态动词 can,may,must 动词能否作谓语 谓语动词 eat, play, 非谓语动词 to do, doing, done 动词能否跟宾语 及物动词 play football 不及物动词 The sun rises from the east. 动词是否有动作 动作动词 延续性动词，费延续性动词 状态动词 系表结构 三．动词功能详解： 1.系动词：把主语和表语连接起来，表示主语是什么或怎么样这样的动词。系动词有实际的意义，有人称和数的变化，不能单独做谓语（系动词和表语合成谓语），be类的系动词可以自身构成疑问句，加not构成否定句，感官类、保持类、变化类系动词不能单独构成句式，要借助于助动词。系动词都有时态变化。分为： ①be动词:is, am, are, was, were ②感官类系动词feel, sound, touch, see, look, taste, watch, smell, notice, ③保持类系动词remain, keep, stay… ④变化类系动词turn, get, become, go … 1)状态系动词：用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。) 2)持续系动词： 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand，例如: He always kept silent at meetings. 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 3)表像系动词： 用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look，例如: He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4)感官系动词： 感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste，例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. 5)变化系动词：这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如: He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time. 6)终止系动词：表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out，表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如: The rumor proved false. The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success. (turn out表终止性结果) 考点突破·考法探究 知识点1 系动词 概述：系动词又叫连系动词，像一根纽带，起到联系主语和表语的作用。 表示状态：be（am, is, are） 表示感官：feel摸起来，look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，taste尝起来； 表示变化：become变得，go变得，run变得，fall变得，grow逐渐变得，turn变得 表示终止：prove证实，turn out变成表示持续：keep保持，stay保持， remain保持不变，stand处于 【浙江卷阅读理解】Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons including other environmental influences or genetic factors.（系动词）当然，随着年龄的增长，我们的大脑会出于很多原因而衰退，包括环境影响和遗传因素等。 【新课标I卷II卷】 In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.（实义动词） 在亚洲，信息收发平台快速发展，数百万的用户使用这些平台进行工作或娱乐。 知识点1 系动词 易错提醒：1.有些单词一词多义，在作系动词时，要跟形容词作表语；但同一词形如果作实义动词用，意思变化，且用副词修饰。2.系动词有时态的变化，不能用于被动语态。 知识点1 系动词 1. （2024年新高考I卷）These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ________ (close) to protect the plants. closed [植]萼片 思维建模：根据句子结构判断stay的词性，根据逻辑意思判断其用法，再根据设空单词的用法解题 2. （2024年湖南高三模拟试卷）The water _____ (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. felt 3.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and ________（prove）extremely popular with the public. proved 4.The young man performed as if he (be) a woman on the stage. (所给词的适当形式填空) were 2.实意动词（使役动词）：有实际意义，有人称与数的变化，可以单独做谓语，及物动词可直接跟宾语，不及物动词不能直接跟宾语（后面加介词等可构成及物的动词短语），实意动词不能自身构成疑问、否定句式，要借助于助动词或情态动词。实意动词有时态与语态的变化。分为及物动词和不及物动词。 概述：实义动词又叫行为动词，表示动作的动词，有实在的意义，如eat, run, think等。实义动词是具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 知识点2 实义动词 agree同意 laugh大笑 rise升起 arrive到达 spread传开 remain剩下 come来 happen发生 hope希望 lie位于，在于 lie平躺 consist由......组成 die死 snow下雪 go去 exist存在 stay待 live居住 fall掉下 walk走 think想 常见不及物动词: 1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语，需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语，不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如， talk to /with sb(与某人交谈)，think about sth(思考某事)， hope for sth.（希望某事），dream of sth.（梦想某事）。 2.有些动词可以跟同源宾语如， dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。 3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词，如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。 知识点2 实义动词 1.The books have been sold out.（vt.） 这些书已经卖完了。 2.The book sells well.（vi.） 这本书很畅销。 3.You don’t have to write these things in detail. （vt.） 你不必详细地写这些东西。【2021·新高考II】 4.The pen writes smoothly. （vi.） 这支笔写起来很流利。 知识点2 实义动词 知识点2 实义动词 1.（2024福建龙岩高三模拟）Your article _______(read) very well, and I am totally attracted by it. reads 2. （2024河南南阳高三模拟）China is a developing country that _________(belong) to the Third World. belongs 变式训练1.My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me. measures measure可作不及物动词，“量度为……” 变式训练2.Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal you. to appeal to为固定搭配，意为“吸引” 4.情态动词：表达了说话人的情感意愿的动词。有实际意义，没有人称与数的变化，不能单独做谓语，要与原形动词连用，少数情态动词有时态变化。情态动词具备助动词的功能。can, may, must, could, might, need, dare, ought to, will, would, shall, should, have to, used to, would rather, had better，would like to, would love to （一）can/could 的用法 1、表示具备某种“能力”。can表示现在；could表示过去。如： Can you swim across the river? We couldn’t get the truck to start. 2、表示“请求”（疑问句中）、“允许”。Could 比 Can 委婉；都指现在。如： Could you lend me $55? Yes, of course. /No, I cannot/I’m sorry I cannot. 3、表示“可能性”。 could的语气更加不肯定。如： That can/could be very awkward. Can/Could it be true? That can’t/couldn’t be true. 知识点3 情态动词 概述：情态动词本身有一定的意义，但也不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度或情感，如can, could, shall, should, will, may, might, must。 （二）may/might 的用法 1、表示允许或请求允许；might语气更礼貌： May I turn on the TV? She asked if she might have my bike. can/could和may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许。can最直截了当；could 礼貌客气；may 既尊重又婉转礼貌；might 带者太多的虚礼，所以很少使用。如： 肯定回答：Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may. 否定回答：No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not. 2、表示可能性，“也许”。may和might无时间差别，might语气上更不肯定些。不用于疑问句，可用can/could或别的说法。 You may/might have some fever. Can/could they be having a bath? 知识点3 情态动词 （三）must的用法 1、表示义务、命令或劝告，是“必须”之意。否定回答，多用needn’t 或 don’t have to。mustn’t表示“绝对不行、不可以”。 We must take this seriously. Must the ladies wear dresses? No, they don’t have to/they needn’t. Can/May I come in? No, you can’t/mustn’t. 2、表示推测，是“肯定、一定”之意。此时，must只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中，用can/could： There must be a mistake. Can/Could there be a mistake ? There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 知识点3 情态动词 提醒：（1）表示对现在和将来状况的推测：must 一定，may 可能，might 也许，can’t 不可能。从“一定”到“不可能”，可能性逐渐降低。 （2）对已经过去的情况的推测：情态动词+have +done。 （四）need：作为情态动词，一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。 You needn’t try to explain. （情态动词） Need we stay here this evening? （情态动词） She needs to come tomorrow. （实义动词） need做实义动词时，后面的宾语如果是动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，如果是不定式的被动形式，来表示被动意义。类似need的这种用法，还有require, want等。 My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。 知识点3 情态动词 （五）dare：情态动词dare表示“敢”，在现代英语中，dare往往用做实意动词。 Dare he swim across the river? He dare not come to see me. He didn’t dare to go. （六）should/ought to的用法 1、表示道义上的责任，义务或要求，有时表示劝告。ought to否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to。 You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says. 2. 表示推测和可能性，是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。 You ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s eight o’clock. 知识点3 情态动词 3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测，“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思；“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。 He began two hours ago. He ought to have finished filling in the forms now. You should not have asked him for help. 4、表示讲话人惊奇，失望，愤怒等感情： It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 知识点3 情态动词 1、“must have＋过去分词”表对过去的推测，“一定已经，准是已经….”，用于肯定句。表示否定，要用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”，意 思 是“不可能”. The streets are wet. It must have rained. The money can’t have been lost there. 2、 “may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测，“也许已经┅，可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。疑问句中用can或could. “might(不是may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”。 He may have gone to bed. You might have succeeded if you had tried. （虚拟语气） 3、“needn’t+　have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。可译成“本不必”。 I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday.（实际上已经借了） 知识点3 情态动词 4、can/could have done在疑问句、否定句中，表示怀疑和不可能，这时没有时间上的差别，只是could的语气更弱一些： Who can/could have taken them? He can’t/couldn’t have taken it home. could have done(但不是can)在肯定句中，表示“本来可以…；差点就要…”。 We could have started a little earlier. 5、should/ought to have done表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”；“should not/ought not to have＋过去分词”表示“做了不应该做的事”。含有责备或遗憾的意思。 She should/ought to have gone there alone.（实际上不是）　 The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 知识点3 情态动词 6、might, may, must表示推测时的区别: may，might, must可表示 推 测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小，我们把这三个词排列为：might<may<must（或许→可能→肯定）。 It might rain tomorrow. (将来)明天可能下雨。 They might be watching TV now. (现在)他们可能正在看电视。 Jane might have visited the Summer Palace last year. (过去)去年珍妮可能去过颐和园。 He may have something important to do. (现在)他可能有更重要的事要做。 They may have been to Shanghai last summer. (过去)去年夏天他们可能去过上海。 There must be something wrong with him. (现在)他肯定出问题了。 He must have made a mistake. (过去)他一定是犯了个错误。 情态动词的重点和难点是：情态动词之间的区别；表示“推测”的表达方式；以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”的含义。 知识点3 情态动词 知识点3 情态动词 1.（2023年天津卷6月）We _____bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us. A．mustn’t B．daren’t C．needn’t D．can’t C 2.（2024年新高考I卷听力第六段对话）W: Yeah, you cannot be too careful. 思维建模：遇到情态动词的句子时，务必根据上下文具体语境迅速判断情态动词的具体意义或特殊句式中的意思。 3.助动词：没有实际意义，不能单独做谓语，主要的功能是帮助感官类、保持类、变化类系动词和实意动词构成否定、疑问的句式，帮助构成时态和语态。 概述：助动词没用词汇意义，不可单独作谓语，助动词可以协助主要动词构成时态或语态，疑问句或否定句。如do, does, did, have, has, had等。 句中有动词原形用do,does, did; 无动词原形用be； 现在完成时用have,has； 过去完成时用had。 知识点4 助动词 1.【2024全国甲卷】What should （do）with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. 2.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed (find)the connection between the two great writers. 3.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 4.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend （catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 5.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 高考真题精选 be done visibility to find to give to catch inspired was built 6.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 7.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for first time. 8.【2024全国甲卷】 They （be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 9.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 高考真题精选 Recalling and walks the were were 动词的时态 一．概念：时态是一种动词的形式，指动词在不同的时间下发生，该动词的表达形式（书写形式）不同。 二．动词时态的形式： 动词时态的特殊用法 一般现在时： 1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作、状态、性能。常连用的时间状语有：every day/week/month/year, once/twice/three times a day/week/month…, often, usually, always, sometimes… 2.表示主语所具备的能力、喜好、特征、性格品质等。 3.表示客观真理、客观存在、普遍事实等。 4.在时间状语从句、条件转语从句等从句中用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。（主将从现） 5.表示计划、安排、打算即将要发生的动作（特别用于列车车次、班车车次、航班班次、轮渡船次等固定时间发生但本次却没有发生的即将的动作） —Hurry up! My train leaves at 9:15. It’s 9:05 now. 6.表示正在发生但动作却没有结束的动词动作。 —Here comes the bus! —Hurry up! There goes the bell for class. 7.电影、剧本的旁白用一般现在时；观影、再述书本的内容用一般现在时。 动词时态的特殊用法 一般将来时： is/am/are(be)+about to+ v原形表示即将发生的动作，距离现在的时间很短，不能与明确的将来的时间状语连用。 动词的语态 一．概念：英语中的语态有两种，主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：主语是谓语动词动作的发出者或执行者。 被动语态：主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。 各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的特例 1. get+动词过去分词表示被动，多用于口语或非正式场合，带有不愉快、不顺利的含义。 He got wounded in the accident. Be careful! You might get hurt. 2. become +动词的过去分词，强调分词动作发生的全过程。 The robber became trapped by the policemen. He became seized with a deep sorrow. 主动形式表达被动意义的特例： 谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义： 1. 由 持续系动词keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand等, 表像系动词seem, appear, look等, 感官类系动词feel, smell, sound, taste等, 变化系类动词become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等， 终止类系动词prove, turn out等 连系动词加形容词或者名词构成主系表句子结构中，物（非主动性实施动作的人）作主语需用主动形式表示被动意义。 The window keeps open. 窗户一直开着。 It seemed true. 这件事似乎是真的。 The steel feels cold in winter. 冬天铁摸起来很冰。 This piece of meat has gone bad. 这块肉放坏了。 His plan proved valuable. 他的计划证明是有价值的。 2. 表示开始结束、运动位移等的实意动词begin, start, finish, open, close, shut, stop, end, run, move等加状语结构句子中，物作主语（非主动性实施动作的人）需用主动形式表示被动意义。 Work begins at 7 in the morning and ends at 6 in the afternoon. The shop closes at 9 p.m. every day. The car moved very fast. 3. 表示主语某种特征的动词，如act, clean, cook, cut, draw, drink, drive, dry, eat, iron, lock, open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。这类词在句子中作谓语，后面常常加上一个形容词或者副词做状语（对于状语的理解上类似于主语补足语），这种句式中要用动词的主动形式表达被动意义。 This kind of clothing cleans easily. His article reads well. John Brown’s book sells well. 4．极少数动词象 build, cook, fry, hang, make, print等用于进行时的句子中，这些句子也用主动形式表示被动意义。 The bridge is building now. The dinner is cooking. This kind of book is printing. 5．一些不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，像agree with, arrive in/at, belong to, cost, fit, have等，当物（非主动性实施动作的人）做主语，这些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 Your lecture doesn’t agree with what had been written in that book. The key just fits that lock. 主动形式表达被动意义的特例： 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1．物（非主动性实施动作的人）作主语，谓语动词是need, require, want (当“需要”讲)，这时候这些动词后面用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 This pair of shoes needs mending. It wants carefully handling. The floor requires washing. 2．物（非主动性实施动作的人）作主语，谓语结构be worth(值得)后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 The book is worth reading. 3. 动词不定式以主动形式表达被动意义的情况： ①．动词不定式做后置定语与被修的名词之间产生逻辑的动宾关系时用主动事实表达被动意义： I still have some work to do. ( to do work) ②. 在be +形容词＋不定式 （不定式做主语补足语，通常与主语构成逻辑动宾关系）的句式中用主动事实表达被动意义： The food is fit to eat. (to eat the food) This problem is easy to solve. ( to solve the problem) 适合该句式做表语的形容词多为：easy, hard, difficult, important, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, dangerous, impossible 等。 ③. 当动词不定式与疑问代词连用，疑问代词在逻辑关系上做动词不定式的宾语，通常用主动形式表达被动意义： The question is what to do next. ( to do what) ④. 像to let, to blame, to seek 等动词不定式跟在be 动词后面做表语与主语构成逻辑的动宾关系时，通常用主动形式表达被动意义： The little boy is to blame for causing the accident. ( to blame the little boy) The house is to let. ( to let the house) A qualified headmaster is to seek for the new school. (to seek a qualified headmaster) 1.【2023年全国乙卷】 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 高考真题精选 Having visited was amazed remarkable means 2.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she (choose) came in a box which had a picture of a woman hair color looked just perfect. 3.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 4.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 5.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class made a big change in me.... 6.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 7.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. chose whose wished be employed be a were permitted 高考真题精选 动词短语 account for解释，说明，占比 adjust to调整，适应 call for要求 add to增加， break into破门而入 ask for索取，寻找 care about 关心，在乎 come across偶然遇到 go for努力获取 deal with处理 get over克服 hope for希望，期待 get into养成（习惯） rely on依靠，依赖 pay for偿还，赔偿 answer for负责 provide for供给 plan for打算，为……计划 send for派人去请 fall behind落在......后面 laugh at嘲笑 feel like想要 refer to提到，参考 stick to坚持 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 No. 1 动词+介词 break away 脱离，摆脱 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发 carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开 send away派遣，解雇，开除 throw away扔掉 stay away远离 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 No. 2 动词+away 【2021·全国乙卷·听力】From now on, you’re going to have to stay away from salty food. 从现在起，你不能吃咸的东西。 try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着 pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持 keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车） focus/concentrate （one’s eyes/attention）on集中注意力于，关注； 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 No. 3 动词+on 【2021·新高考I卷·听力】They’re more focused on vocabulary. 他们更注重词汇。 come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习 get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑 take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 No. 4 动词+over 【2020·江苏卷·阅读理解】As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter of fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” 夜幕降临赛场时，比赛结束，守门员胡安走到我身边，面不改色地问我：“你家也有月亮吗？” bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出 cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃； go up 上升，增长 grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点 pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 No. 5 动词+up come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心 walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产 give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选 find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是 get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 bring out出版 start out 出发，动身 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 No. 5 动词+out take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑 take account of 考虑到 take part in参加 make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病 get rid of 摆脱 lose sight of 看不见 pay attention to 注意 make progress in 在……方面取得进步 make room for为……腾出空间 make contributions to 对……作出贡献 play a part in起作用 put an end to结束 take advantage of利用 take notice of注意到 take pride in以......为豪 catch sight of看到 find fault with......挑......的毛病 知识点2 动词+名词 No. 1 动词+名词+介词 Point1 动词后需跟宾语类的短语有: bring.. to an end 使……结束 bring... under control 使……在掌控下 keep/have... in mind 记住…… put... into effect 使……生效 learn... by heart 记住…… Point2 动词后不带宾语类的短语有: burst into tears突然大哭起来 come into being产生 come to power执政 come into use开始被使用 come into effect生效 put on weight 长胖 知识点2 动词+名词 No. 2 动词+介词+名词 1.believe词组 2.blow词组 3.break词组 4.bring词组 5.build词组 6.burst词组 7.call词组 8.catch词组 9.carry词组 10.check词组 11.clear词组 12.come词组 13.cross词组 14.cut词组 15.do词组 16.drive词组 17.fall词组 18.fix词组 19.get词组 20.give词组 21.go词组 22.have词组 23.hold词组 24.keep词组 25.knock词组 26.lay词组 27.leave词组     28.look词组 29.make词组 30.meet词组 31.open词组 32.owe词组 33.pass词组 34.pay词组 35.pick词组 36.pull词组 37.push词组 38.put词组 39.refer词组 40.ring词组 41.see词组 42.sell词组 43.send词组 44.set词组 45.shut词组 46.stick词组 47.suit词组 48.stand词组 49.take词组 50.think词组 51.tear词组 52.throw词组 53.try词组 54.trust词组 55.turn词组 知识点3 高频动词短语之核心动词 典题训练 1.（2024·天津·二模）The old man told his friends he had to leave immediately because he had some urgent business to ______. A．point to B．turn to C．attend to D．belong to C point to指向； turn to转向；attend to处理；belong to属于 2.（2024·山东·三模）—Tom, may I use your pen to ______ the application form? —Sure. Here you are. A．fill out B．pay for C．fall down D．come out A fill out填写；pay for支付；fall down跌倒；come out出来 1. Jenny, who has never failed to ______ her parents’ expectations, decides to study abroad after graduating from college. A．look up to B．come up with C．live up to D．put up with C look up to尊敬，敬仰；come up with想出，提出； live up to实现，达到，不辜负； put up with容忍 典题训练 2. With the new machine, they no longer have to ________ large number of temporary workers to do the harvesting. A．take up B．take in C．take on D．take after C take up占据；take in吸收；take on雇佣；take after与……相像 真题实战 1.（2024年全国甲卷完形填空） Born just before WWII, my grandmother 23 an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families, where boys were 25 much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to 27 was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. ....This is something I 33 — her ability to open her hands underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite happy compared with hers. I am grateful that I did not need to 37 the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of education. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 39 to: her stories always make my history textbooks 40 . 23. A. adjusted B. promoted C. achieved D. experienced 25. A. favored B. tolerated C. trusted D. acknowledged 27. A. exercise B. study C. explore D. teach 33. A. admire B. notice C. adopt D. value 37. A. reflect upon B. go through C. ask about D. prepare for 39. A. attend B. refer C. lead D. talk 40. A. come true B. come round C. come out D. come alive Born just before WWII, my grandmother experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to go to school. Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework. The only opportunity (机会) she could seize to study was when her brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor. She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely. ....This is something I admire— her ability to open her hands underwater and still sit comfortably on the seabed. My childhood is quite happy compared with hers. I am grateful that I did not need to go through the hardships like she did. I've never faced the problem of education. I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to talk to: her stories always make my history textbookscome alive. 真题实战 2.（2024年新高考II卷完形填空）During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how warm-heartedItalians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened 23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match 24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised 27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order 31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait 32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for 33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied 35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified 真题实战 真题实练 2. During my first visit to Italy, I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to string a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how warm-heartedItalians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my appetite quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can come up with. These meals are always accompanied by laughter and joy. Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 1．I need to find some proper ways to ______ the stress in my life. A．compare with B．consist of C．back down D．cope with 真题演练 D compare with比较；consist of由……组成 back down退让；cope with对付 2．The new policy is expected to ____ reducing traffic jams in the city. A．figure out B．contribute to C．relate to D．account for B figure out解决，弄懂；contribute to有助于；relate to与……有关；account for说明 3．Currently, many working women _______ relatives to help take care of their children. A．tell of B．consist of C．rely on D．switch on 真题演练 C tell of讲述；consist of由……组成；rely on依靠；switch on打开 4．It’s impolite for anyone else to ________ when someone is talking. A．cut up B．cut in C．cut off D．cut down B cut up切碎；cut in打断(谈话)，插嘴；cut off切除；cut down裁短 5．To our surprise, crowds of people ______ to watch the charity performance. A．turned out B．turned down C．broke out D．broke down 真题演练 A turned out参加，结果是；turned down拒绝；broke out爆发；broke down出故障 6．I think Helen Keller is a good writer. She met many difficulties in her life but she never ____. A．gave up B．went out C．sat down D．ran around A gave up放弃；went out出去；熄灭；sat down坐下；ran around环绕 真题演练 7．The manager ______ meeting with the team to discuss the new project proposal. A．belonged to B．insisted on C．judged from D．figured out 8．Even though the project faced many challenges, we decided to______ and complete it successfully. A．carry out B．carry away C．carry on D．carry over B belonged to属于；insisted on坚持；judged from根据……判断；figured out弄清楚 carry out实施；carry away拿走；carry on继续做，坚持干；carry over使持续下去 C 真题演练 9．The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong. A．hang on to B．settle for C．pass up D．sign for 10．When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance. A．break up B．break out C．break through D．break down A D hang on to紧紧抓住；settle for勉强接受；pass up错过；sign for签收 break up分裂，分手；break out爆发；break through突破；break down分解 $$