专题03传统节日清明节-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化 传统节日 清明节（素材+语法填空+书面表达） 第一部分 话题素材积累 汉译英 1．清明节在中国是祭祀祖先和已故亲人的节日，通常在公历的4月4日或5日。它可以追溯到东周时期（公元前770年－公元前256年），有2500多年的历史。（汉译英） 2．清明节活动丰富多样，其中最主要的是扫墓、踏青和放风筝。这个节日既有悲伤又有快乐。（汉译英） 3．清明节放风筝的独特之处在于人们会剪断风筝线，让风筝自由飞翔。人们相信这一习俗能带来好运并除病消灾。这就是为什么有时你会在公园和田野里发现地上有纸风筝。（汉译英） 4．过去寒食节通常是在清明节的前一天。由于我们的祖先经常把这一节日延续到清明节，后来这两个节日就合并成一个了。（汉译英） 5．在中国南方，人们在清明节出游时喜欢吃青团。这是一种时令小吃，由糯米粉和绿色植物汁混合制成，以甜豆沙、肉松和蛋黄为馅。而在中国北方，人们会吃枣糕和油酥糕点等冷食，这些冷食是在清明节前做好的。（汉译英） Words and Expressions ① worship vt.敬奉 ② Gregorian calendar 格列高利历；公历 ③ combination n.结合体；联合体；混合体 ④ date n.枣 ⑤ pastry n.油酥糕点 ⑥清明节the Qingming Festival; Tomb-Sweeping Day ⑦清明（节气）Clear and Bright; Pure Brightness ⑧节气 solar terms ⑨扫墓 sweep the tombs ⑩踏青 spring outings; have an outing in spring ⑪甜豆沙  mashed sweet beans ⑫肉松  dried meat floss ⑬蛋黄  egg yolks 第二部分 话题语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cold Food Festival is a 6 (tradition) Chinese holiday celebrated before Qingming Festival, which usually falls 7 April 4 or 5. Legend has it that Chong’er, a prince of Jin in the Spring and Autumn Period, experienced many hardships while he moved around the warring states. Once, when the prince suffered from 8 (starve), Jie Zitui, offered him food. Later, when Chong’er became the duke of Jin, he ordered a search for Jie who had gone into hiding in the remote mountains with his mother. The duke wanted Jie 9 ( serve) as one of his ministers. Contrary to 10 many people might assume, Jie, who preferred living a simple life in the Mianshan Mountain to 11 (become) a politician, refused the duke’s invitation. Chong’er ordered the mountain to be burned down to force Jie out of hiding. 12 (fortune), Jie did not give in and the fire ended up killing him and his mother. Feeling extremely sorry, Chong’er required that the setting of fire 13 (forbid) on the anniversary of Jie’s death. This meant all food was eaten cold. Therefore the festival is thus named. Mianshan Mountain, 14 the tragedy happened, is now a famous tourist destination in Shanxi Province. In many areas of Shanxi, locals still remember this tradition. 15 cold food is not the only choice for people during the celebration, the practices of making typical cold dishes for the event have been preserved. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Tomb-Sweeping Day, also known 16 Qingming Festival, is a traditional Chinese holiday that falls on April 4th or 5th each year. It is a time 17 families gather together to pay respects to their ancestors, by cleaning their tombs, offering food, burning incense, and performing other rituals. The holiday has a long history, 18 (date) back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). Tomb-Sweeping Day is now 19 public holiday in China, and many people take time off from work 20 (visit) their ancestral graves. During the holiday, families will 21 (typical) bring offerings such as fruit, flowers, and other food items to the gravesite. They will also burn incense and paper money, and may perform a variety of 22 (ceremony). In recent years, Tomb-Sweeping Day 23 (become) a more commercialized holiday, with many companies offering products and services 24 (relate) to tomb-sweeping, such as online tomb-sweeping platforms, and other products. Despite these changes, Tomb-Sweeping Day remains an important 25 (culture) holiday in China, and a time for families to come together to remember and honor their ancestors. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 The food commonly associated with Qingming Festival is Qingtuan, a glutinous rice dumpling dyed green with mug-wort juice or wormwood grass. The tradition of serving Qingtuan at Qingming Festival is believed 26 (date) back to the Zhou Dynasty more than two thousand years ago, 27 the food was a common ritual in memory of the ancestors. Up till now, the practice 28 (stand) the test of time. Time-honoured brands of Qingtuan have struggled to show off 29 (they) inventiveness. In recent years, Chinese consumers have gone wild for time-honoured brands of Qingtuan. Before Qingming Festival, customers stand in lines stretching down city blocks, 30 (wait) to get a taste of these variations before they sell out. 31 their smallest similarity to the classic variety, many people still believe that the 32 (innovate) helps to keep the ancient food tradition alive by getting younger people interested in them. Time-honored brands need to stay fresh by evolution and novelty. Otherwise, they’ll get left behind by more 33 (creation) brands. However, many Chinese people 34 (simple) aren’t interested in the debate about 35 these novel products are appealing or objectionable. Many are quietly used to eating Qingtuan the way they’ve been served for hundreds, or thousands of years. 第三部分 话题写作 36．最近，你的英国朋友约翰打算在本期班级墙报中开设“the Tomb Sweeping Day”专栏，想请你给他写一篇文章介绍清明节。内容包括： 1. 介绍清明节以及人们开展的主要纪念活动； 2. 描述今年清明节你的经历和感受。 参考词汇：清明节：the Qingming Festival/the Tomb Sweeping Day 献祭和鞠躬：offer sacrifices and bow 祖先：ancestor ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参考答案： 1．The Qingming Festival (also known as Pure Brightness Festival or Tomb-sweeping Day) is a festival to worship ancestors and dead relatives in China, which usually falls on either April 4 or 5 of the Gregorian calendar. It can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC — 256 BC), with a history of over 2,500 years. 【详解】考查定语从句及固定搭配。“祭祀祖先和已故亲人”，这部分翻译为“a festival to worship ancestors and dead relatives”，准确地传达了原文的意思。接着，翻译提到了清明节的日期，“通常在公历的4月4日或5日”，这部分翻译为“which usually falls on either April 4 or 5 of the Gregorian calendar”，使用了定语从句来修饰前面的“The Qingming Festival”，使句子结构更加紧凑。最后，翻译介绍了清明节的历史渊源，“它可以追溯到东周时期（公元前770年——公元前256年），有2500多年的历史”，这部分翻译为“It can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC — 256 BC), with a history of over 2,500 years”，其中“追溯到”翻译为“be traced back to”，“有...的历史”翻译为“with a history of”，都准确地传达了原文的意思。同时，整个翻译过程中，重点词汇如“清明节”、“祭祀”、“祖先”、“公历”、“东周时期”等都得到了准确的翻译，分别为“The Qingming Festival”、“worship”、“ancestors”、“the Gregorian calendar”、“the Eastern Zhou Dynasty”。故本句可翻译为The Qingming Festival (also known as Pure Brightness Festival or Tomb-sweeping Day) is a festival to worship ancestors and dead relatives in China, which usually falls on either April 4 or 5 of the Gregorian calendar. It can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (770 BC — 256 BC),with a history of over 2,500 years. 2．The Qingming Festival is a time of many different activities, among which the main ones are tomb-sweeping, spring-outing and kite-flying. It is a combination of sadness and happiness. 【详解】考查时态和从句。根据句意提示，描述客观事实用一般现在时，“清明节活动丰富多样，其中最主要的是扫墓、踏青和放风筝。”可理解为“清明节是一个有许多不同活动的日子，其中主要的是扫墓、春游和放风筝。”，主句“清明节是一个有许多不同活动的日子”译为The Qingming Festival is a time of many different activities，“其中最主要的是扫墓、踏青和放风筝”使用among which引导的定语从句，which指代activities，译为among which the main ones are tomb-sweeping, spring-outing and kite-flying，“这个节日”可用代词it代替，“既有悲伤又有快乐”可理解为“是悲伤和快乐的结合”，译为is a combination of sadness and happiness，故答案为The Qingming Festival is a time of many different activities, among which the main ones are tomb-sweeping, spring-outing and kite-flying.It is a combination of sadness and happiness. 3．The uniqueness of kite-flying during the Qingming Festival lies in that people may cut the string to let the kite fly freely. People believe that this custom can bring good luck and remove diseases. This is why you might sometimes find paper kites lying on the ground in parks and fields. 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。表示“清明节放风筝的独特之处”为the uniqueness of kite-flying during the Qingming Festival；表示“在于……”为短语lie in ...，“人们会剪断风筝线，让风筝自由飞翔”表达为that引导的宾语从句，从句主语为people；表示“剪断风筝线，让风筝自由飞翔”翻译为cut the string to let the kite fly freely，为一般现在时；第二句主语为people；表示“相信”为believe，后跟that引导宾语从句；表示“这一习俗”为this custom；表示“带来好运并除病消灾”翻译为bring good luck and remove diseases，can后跟动词原形；表示“这就是为什么……”句型为this is why...，why引导表语从句，从句主语为you；表示“在公园和田野里发现地上有纸风筝”翻译为 find paper kites lying on the ground in parks and fields，might后跟动词原形，表示“有时”应用sometimes。故翻译为：The uniqueness of kite-flying during the Qingming Festival lies in that people may cut the string to let the kite fly freely. People believe that this custom can bring good luck and remove diseases. This is why you might sometimes find paper kites lying on the ground in parks and fields. 4．The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming Festival, they were later combined. 【详解】考查固定短语和时态语态。由句意可知，两个句子都是陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态；第一句主语为“寒食节”the Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival，表示“通常”用 usually；表示“清明节的前一天”翻译为one day before the Qingming Festival；第二句为as引导原因状语从句，从句主语为our ancestors；表示“经常把这一节日延续到清明节”为often extended the day to the Qingming Festival，表示“后来这两个节日就合并成一个了”用they作主语，表示“合并”用combine，表示“后来”应用later，they与“合并（combine）”之间为被动关系，用为一般过去时的被动语态。故翻译为The Hanshi (Cold Food) Festival was usually one day before the Qingming Festival. As our ancestors often extended the day to the Qingming Festival, they were later combined. 5．In the South of China, people like to eat qingtuan when going on spring outings during the Qingming Festival. It is a seasonal snack made of a mixture of glutinous rice flour and green plant juice, which is stuffed with sweet mashed beans, dried meat floss and egg yolks. While in the North of China, people eat cold snacks like date cakes and pastries prepared before the Qingming Festival. 【详解】考查时态，定语从句及状语从句的省略。根据句意可知描述一般事实，用一般现在时，在中国南方译为“In the South of China”，人们喜欢吃青团译为“people like to eat qingtuan”，在清明节出游时用when连接的状语从句译为“when going on spring outings during the Qingming Festival”，从句省略了主语和be动词，这是一种时令小吃译为“it is a seasonal snack”，由糯米粉和绿色植物汁混合制成，用过去分词作定语，译为“made of a mixture of glutinous rice flour and green plant juice”，以甜豆沙、肉松和蛋黄为馅，用which引导的非限制性定语从句进一步补充说明，译为“which is stuffed with sweet mashed beans, dried meat floss and egg yolks”，而在中国北方用while表对比，译为“While in the North of China”，人们会吃枣糕和油酥糕点等冷食译为“people eat cold snacks like date cakes and pastries”，这些冷食是在清明节前做好的用过去分词短语做后置定语，译为“prepared before the Qingming Festival”。故整个句子可翻译为In the South of China, people like to eat qingtuan when going on spring outings during the Qingming Festival. It is a seasonal snack made of a mixture of glutinous rice flour and green plant juice, which is stuffed with sweet mashed beans, dried meat floss and egg yolks. While in the North of China, people eat cold snacks like date cakes and pastries prepared before the Qingming Festival. 6．traditional 7．on 8．starvation 9．to serve 10．what 11．becoming 12．Unfortunately 13．should be forbidden##be forbidden 14．where. 15．Although##Though##While 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了寒食节的由来。 6．考查形容词。句意：寒食节是中国的一个传统节日，在清明节之前庆祝，通常在4月4日或5日。空后面是Chinese holiday，要用形容词修饰名词，故填traditional。 7．考查介词。句意：寒食节是中国的一个传统节日，在清明节之前庆祝，通常在4月4日或5日。在具体到某月某日前，介词要用on。fall on固定搭配，意为“适逢”。故填on。 8．考查名词。句意：有一次，皇子饿死了，介子推给他食物。空前是介词from，后面要用名词starvation作宾语，为不可数名词。故填starvation。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：公爵想让介子推担任他的大臣之一。此处是 want sb. to do sth. 短语搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。故填to serve。 10．考查宾语从句。句意：与许多人的想法相反，介子推宁愿在绵山过着简朴的生活，也不愿意成为政治家，他拒绝了公爵的邀请。此空引导宾语从句且引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：与许多人的想法相反，介子推宁愿在绵山过着简朴的生活，也不愿意成为政治家，他拒绝了公爵的邀请。此处是prefer doing sth. to doing sth短语搭配，意为“宁愿做……也不愿意做……”，故填becoming。 12．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，介子推没有屈服，大火最终烧死了他和他的母亲。此处用副词修饰整个句子。根据下文“Jie did not give in and the fire ended up killing him and his mother”可知，此处表示“不幸的是”，应用副词unfortunately，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unfortunately。 13．考查谓语动词。句意：重耳感到非常抱歉，要求在介子推的忌日禁止放火。require表示“要求”，其后面的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用 (should) do，且the setting of fire和动词forbid是被动关系，故填(should) be forbidden。 14．考查定语从句。句意：发生悲剧的绵山现在是山西省著名的旅游胜地。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Mianshan Mountain，且从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，故填where。 15．考查状语从句。句意：尽管冷食并不是人们在庆祝活动中的唯一选择，但是为庆祝活动制作典型冷食的做法得到了保留。此句中缺少表让步关系的连词，应用although/though/while引导状语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Although /Though/while。 16．as 17．when 18．dating 19．a 20．to visit 21．typically 22．ceremonies 23．has become 24．related 25．cultural 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了清明节。 16．考查介词。句意：清明节，也叫做扫墓节，是中国传统的节日，在每年的4月4日或者5日。此处意为“以……著名”，表达为(be) known as，故填as。 17．考查定语从句。句意：这是家人聚在一起纪念祖先的时候，给祖先扫墓，供奉食物，烧香以及其他的仪式。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a time，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导，故填when。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个节日有着悠久的历史，追溯到唐朝。不及物动词短语date back to (追溯到)无被动，此处非谓语动词作定语，修饰the holiday，date应用现在分词形式，主动表被动，故填dating。 19．考查冠词。句意：清明节现在在中国是一个公共节假日，很多人休假去祭拜祖坟。此处“holiday节日”为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个公共节假日”，且public以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，故填a。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处表示休假的目的是去祭拜祖坟，故应用不定式作目的状语，故填to visit。 21．考查副词。句意：假日期间，家人通常会带水果、花和其他的食物作为供品带到墓地。此处修饰动词bring，故应用副词“typically通常”作状语，故填typically。 22．考查名词的数。句意：他们会烧香、烧纸钱，也会举行各种仪式。此处“ceremony典礼，仪式”为可数名词，且空前有a variety of，故此处应用名词的复数形式，故填ceremonies。 23．考查时态。句意：近几年，清明节已经成为了一个更加商业化的节日，很多公司提供与扫墓相关的产品和服务，比如网上扫墓平台和其他产品。根据in recent years可知，谓语动词become应用现在完成时，且主语Tomb-Sweeping Day为单数，故填has become。 24．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。此处意为“与……相关”，表达为(be) related to，且此处作定语，故应用过去分词related作定语，故填related。 25．考查形容词。句意：尽管有这些变化，但清明节在中国仍然是一个重要的文化节日，是家人聚在一起纪念祖先的日子。此处修饰名词holiday，故应用形容词“cultural文化的”作定语，故填cultural。 26．to date 27．when 28．has stood 29．their 30．waiting 31．Despite 32．innovation 33．creative 34．simply 35．whether 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是与清明节相关的一种美食——青团的相关信息。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：清明节吃青团的传统被认为可以追溯到两千多年前的周朝，当时这种食物是纪念祖先的一种常见仪式。分析句子结构可知，此处为“sb./sth. be believed to do sth.”结构，意为“某人或某物被认为……”，由此可知，此处应为不定式形式，且date back to 意为“追溯到”只能表示主动意义，结合句意可知，此处描述的是现在的客观事实，所以使用不定式的一般形式。故填to date。 27．考查定语从句。句意：明节吃青团的传统被认为可以追溯到两千多年前的周朝，当时这种食物是纪念祖先的一种常见仪式。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“more than two thousand years ago”表示时间，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词when。故填when。 28．考查谓语动词。句意：到目前为止，这种做法经受住了时间的考验。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据时间状语“Up till now”可知，此处应使用现在完成时态，结合句意可知，此处表示主动关系，且句子主语为第三人称单数。故填has stood。 29．考查代词。句意：历史悠久的青团品牌一直在努力展示他们的创造力。分析句子结构可知，此空后为名词，前面应为形容词性的物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：清明节前，顾客们排起长队，排到城市的各个街区，等着在卖光之前品尝这些口味各异的月饼。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，与句子主语customers之间为逻辑主动关系，且与谓语动词stand 同时进行。故填waiting。 31．考查介词。句意：尽管它们与经典品种的相似性最小，但许多人仍然认为，这种创新有助于保持古老的食物传统，让年轻人对它们感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词与后面的名词短语构成介词短语作状语，结合句意可知，表示“尽管”为despite，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Despite。 32．考查名词。句意：尽管它们与经典品种的相似性最小，但许多人仍然认为，这种创新有助于保持古老的食物传统，让年轻人对它们感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，innovate的名词为innovation，且句子谓语为第三人称单数，所以此处应为名词单数。故填innovation。 33．考查形容词。句意：否则，他们就会被更有创意的品牌甩在后面。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰名词brands，creation的形容词为creative。故填creative。 34．考查副词。句意：然而，许多中国人对这些新产品是吸引人还是令人反感的争论并不感兴趣。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语，修饰谓语动词，simple的副词形式为simply。故填simply。 35．考查宾语从句。句意：许多人已经习惯了几百年甚至几千年的青团吃法。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词，在介词引导的是宾语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，结合句意可知，此处表示的是“是否”应使用whether。故填whether。 36．     Tomb Sweeping Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It annually falls on April 4th-6th. The festival was created in memory of our last beloved as well as those respected patriotic heroes, who made great contributions to the founding of China. Traditionally, people in China observe this holiday mainly by visiting their ancestors’ tombs with home-made foods, some flowers, burn incense and paper money to offer sacrifices and bow. From my perspective, Tomb Sweeping Festival keeps us reminded of the true spirit of devotion and loyalty of the dead. What’s of equal importance is that we appreciate the hope of Spring on this occasion. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，要求考生介绍一下清明节的相关信息。考生必须在文中囊括要求的两个要点，还应该添加合适细节以使行文流畅。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 清明节：Tomb Sweeping Festival → Qingming Festival/Ancestors’ Day 爱国英雄：patriotic heroes → national heroes/loyal champions 做出巨大贡献：made great contributions → contributed significantly/played a vital role 鞠躬：bow → pay homage/show respect 2. 句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Tomb Sweeping Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It annually falls on April 4th-6th. 拓展句：Tomb Sweeping Festival is a traditional Chinese festival, which annually falls on April 4th-6th. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The festival was created in memory of our last beloved as well as those respected patriotic heroes, who made great contributions to the founding of China.（who引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】 What’s of equal importance is that we appreciate the hope of Spring on this occasion.（what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句） 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$