第04辑一轮阅读 专题01 阅读理解难点分类突破（段落大意题+文章大意题+态度推断题）-2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）

2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟） 第04辑一轮阅读 专题01 阅读理解难点分类突破（段落大意题+文章大意题+态度推断题）原卷版 目录 段落大意题1+3篇 P1 【名师点津】 P1 【高考真题】 P2 【名校模拟】 P3 文章大意题1+3篇 P6 【名师点津】 P6 【高考真题】 P7 【名校模拟】 P8 态度推断题1+3篇 P11 【名师点津】 P11 【高考真题】 P11 【名校模拟】 P12 段落大意题1+3篇 【名师点津】 一、段落大意题干扰项特征 1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。 2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。 4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 二、段落大意题两大抓手 1.寻找段落主题句 解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 2.确定段落关键词 段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 三、段落大意题思维导图 【高考真题】 (2024新课标I卷第26题)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【名校模拟】 （23-24高三下·陕西渭南·开学考试）Before the year has even come to a close, climate experts are certain that 2023 will be the hottest year in recorded history. On Dec. 6, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) — part of the European Union’s space program — revealed that this year’s average global temperatures have been 2.6 F (1.46 C) higher than temperatures in preindustrial times and 0.2 F (0.13 C) higher than January to November in 2016. These “extraordinary” temperatures mean that 2023 will be “the warmest year in recorded history,” C3S deputy director Samantha Burgess said in a statement. The researchers note that this year’s record heat was partly caused by the latest El Nino event—a phenomenon where warmer water near the equator triggers warmer global air temperatures—that began in June. Some other experts have suggested that the January 2022 eruption of Tonga’s underwater volcano, which pumped record levels of water vapor into the atmosphere, may also be partly responsible. Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions, which, noted in a C3S statement, have trapped more than 25 billion atomic bombs’ worth of energy in our atmosphere over the last 50 years. And still worse, the global carbon emissions have reached a new high this year, according to scientists at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28) On Dec 4. The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious. In 2023, research revealed that climate change is causing major US cities to sink and more than half of the world’s largest lakes and reservoirs to shrink. Studies also predicted that the Gulf Stream, which plays a vital role in ocean circulation, could collapse by as early as 2025, and that rising sea levels could swamp the US coastline by 2050. However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible. 1. Which is the main factor in causing the warmest weather in 2023? A. Eruption of an underwater volcano. B. Greenhouse gas emissions. C. Collapse of the Gulf Stream. D. The latest El Nino event. 2. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Scientists’ predictions of the technology. B. The threat of rising sea levels to the U.S. C. The effects of climate change. D. Different opinions on global warming. 3. How does Michael Mann feel about the present situation? A. Confused. B. Worried. C. Pessimistic. D. Hopeful. 4. What does the underlined word “emitting” mean in the last paragraph? A. Release. B. Prevent. C. Reduce. D. Seek. （2024·安徽合肥·三模）In a neighborhood in the east of Paris, if you walk out of your front door, you can arrive at a kindergarten in one minute and a bookstore in three minutes. A bakery? It’s across the street. Actually, all key things in daily life — work, food, schools and entertainment — are within a 15-minute walk. This neighborhood was built in this way more than 150 years ago and this old idea of having all important things close by has now evolved into an urban planning model that is gaining popularity around the world. “A 15-minute city not only improves quality of life, but can also reduce greenhouse gases. Transportation accounts for about 20% of global energy-related CO₂ pollution, with cars making up almost 10%,”says Carlos Moreno, a professor at University of Paris, who has been helping the city put this idea to use. “Paris should integrate the 15-minute city as part of a broader strategy to get closer to net zero goals.” Besides reducing greenhouse gases, there are lots of “co-benefits” for people who live in 15-minute cities. Facilities that prioritize walking and biking mean less noise from cars and more safety for the people, Less air pollution from cars and daily routines with more walking and biking promote health. Redesigning cities where homes are mixed in with businesses can drive more. foot traffic to those businesses. But one challenge to building 15-minute cities across France is financial. Many banks are still unwilling to provide loans for mixed-use developments, because they are still a relatively uncommon way to build communities. Other barriers have to do with parking in a more heavily populated area. The biggest obstacle involves public schools. When couples have kids, they often leave cities for suburbs, which they think have better schools. “If we want regional sustainability, we have to look to these urban places,”Makarewicz says. “But if we want to successfully introduce a 15-minute city approach to an area, we should focus on the way people want to live.” 5. What is a feature of the so-called 15-minute city? A. Better schools are built in the suburbs. B. People are required to walk or ride bikes. C. All important daily things are close by. D. Greenhouse gases are reduced to net zero. 6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The difficulties of redesigning. B. The benefits of a 15-minute city. C. The harms of living in big cities. D. The costs to build 15-minute cities. 7. Which of the following best explains “obstacle” underlined in paragraph 5? A. Failure. B. Plan. C. Change. D. Problem. 8. What is the key to putting Carlos Moreno’ idea into use successfully? A. Urban residents’ acceptance. B. The available urban space. C. People's willingness to lend money. D. The governmental support. （2024·山西太原·二模）One of the most popular therapists (治疗师) in University of Rochester (UR) smells like chips, pees outside, and doesn’t mind eating baby carrots off the ground. Sasha, a five-year-old golden dog, runs her practice out of a second-flour office in the Interfaith Chapel that she shares with her owner-Dr. Denise Yarbrough. During their office hours, which run from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m, on Mondays and Fridays, the messy puppy is likely to greet you with tail wags, happy “woof”, and even her two front paws lifting. It’s this patented charm that allows Sasha to meet the needs of a crowd of students who drop in to see UR’s first and most accessible therapy dog in residence. But the path to her puppy Ph.D still called for three rounds of training. First was a two-week residential camp on the essentials — sit, stay, come, heel, ete. There her natural fondness for “people pleasing” revealed itself on her very first day! That training was followed by the eight- week Canine Good Citizen program, where she learned how to stay calm in crowds, to resist reacting to other dogs, and to be comfortable with Yarbrough leaving her side. A five-week therapy dog specific course was the last step in her journey. There she studied approaching people with mobility aids like wheelchairs, tolerating loud noises, and the importance of the “leave it!” command, among other things. Sasha passed the therapy dog exams at nine months old but couldn’t get certificated until she was one year old. The pandemic postponed her on-campus arrival, but Yarbrough did eventually get to bring her to work, and students consequently fell in love, “I have this constant stream of students, and obviously this is meeting a need.” Yarbrough said. “This is the third year we’re doing this, and she does get a pretty steady stream of friends coming in on the days that she’s here.” Since then, Sasha’s role in the community has ballooned. 9. What do we know about Sasha from the first paragraph? A. She works six hours every day. B. She goes to the office as Dr.Yarbrough’s pet. C. She attracts students with improper behaviour. D. She works by actively interacting with students. 10. What inborn nature did Sasha show in the training? A. The resisting reaction. B. Ability to aid the disabled. C. Fondness for people pleasing. D. Obeying the commands precisely. 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The popularity of Sasha. B. The expectation of Yarbrough. C. The hardship of Sasha’s work. D. The feedback of the community. 12. What is the writing purpose of this text? A. To present puppy training strategies. B. To introduce a special campus therapist. C. To launch an appeal for animal conservation. D. To highlight the significance of pets’company. 文章大意题1+3篇 【名师点津】 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 【高考真题】 (2024新课标II卷第31题)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【名校模拟】 （23-24高三上·山西晋城·期末）While scientists have many ideas, there is no single explanation for why humans yawn. Still, there is one thing experts know about yawns—they seem to be infectious! Have you ever caught a yawn from someone else? Most people have. According to one previous study, a person is six times more likely to yawn after seeing someone else do so. Experts have done many studies into why yawns seem to pass from person to person. As a result, experts have a few theories for the reason behind it. One possible explanation has to do with something called social mirroring. This is caused by mirror neurons (镜像神经元) in the brain. These cells help the brain notice useful behavior of others and then copy it. When one person sees another person yawning, his mirror neurons observe the action and interpret it as beneficial behavior. That may cause him to yawn, too. Another popular theory is that yawns are infectious thanks to social relationships. Humans are undoubtedly social creatures. They form friendships, start families, and live together in groups. That’s why many people mirror others, such as smiling when another person does so. Yawning maybe just another example of this. In fact, research has shown that people are most likely to catch a case of the yawns from another person if the two share a social relationship. The answer could even be that yawns aren’t truly infectious at all. Instead, people may yawn when they’e together simply because they‘re in the same environment. Experts say many things may cause yawning—including temperature and time. Possible causes may be experienced by anyone in the same general area. Whatever the explanation is, experts do know that infectious yawns aren’t limited to humans. One study found that lions in South Africa also caught each other’s yawns. 1. What kind of behavior may be copied by the mirror neurons? A. Unimportant but attractive. B. Useful and beneficial. C. Hard to understand. D. Easy to copy. 2. Whose yawns are people most likely to copy according to paragraph 3? A. The ones who yawn a lot. B. The ones who are friendly to them. C. The ones closely connected with them. D. The ones sharing the same interest with them. 3. What might the author continue talking about in the following paragraph? A. Some tips on yawning in public. B. A real explanation for infectious yawning. C. Other examples of animals yawning together. D. Further studies of infectious yawning in humans. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Why yawns are infectious. B. What causes people to yawn. C. Who yawns more than others. D. Whether yawns are infectious. （2024·山东菏泽·二模）Several times a month, you can find Doctor Daniel Nadeau in the Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. He notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉) and cheese boxes in am other’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to wholegrain macaroni and real cheese. Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes (糖尿病) rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” This mother agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nevertheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. By prescribing (开处方) nutritional changes or launching programs such as “Shop with your Doc”, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. They believe teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. 5. Why does Doctor Nadeau advise buying wholegrain macaroni and real cheese? A. They’re easy to make. B. They’re plant-based. C. They’re delicious to eat. D. They’re processed food. 6. What does the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Try out. B. Pick up. C. Take in. D. Turn around. 7. What is the author’s attitude toward the power of food? A. Neutral. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 8. What is the text mainly about? A. A good cure for diabetes. B. A new attempt on cooking. C. A food-as-medicine program. D. A simple tip on doing shopping. （2024·江西景德镇·三模）Have you ever had the feeling that you can’t think when there is too much noise around? Did you ever think a fish could experience that feeling too? A recent paper published in Science titled “Soundscape (声景) of the Anthropocene Oceans”, combined over 10,000 scientific papers, confirming that undersea life knows that exact same feeling, more often than not. Anthropogenic (人为的) ocean noise, also known as underwater noise pollution, has created a dramatic impact on marine life due to “human-caused” activity within and neighboring our oceans. Disney Pixar’s animated film Finding Nemo educated us about the ocean, and specifically within the ordinary world of a clown fish. A fact many may not know is that clown fish spend the first part of their lives as larvae, drifting with the current of the ocean until they become strong enough to swim against it. Once they are powerful and strong, they head home in sheltered coral reefs. There is only one drawback — the fish can’t physically see the reef, but they can hear it. The only problem is, if they can’t hear it, will they ever make it home? Our anthropogenic ocean noise, such as cargo ships, ship and boat propellers, surfing, deep sea mining, etc. are causing destruction of marine life. According to Time, sound is the sensory signal that travels the farthest through the ocean. Anthropogenic noise drowns out the natural soundscapes, putting marine life under immense stress. Altogether, this stress then affects their general health, disrupts their behavior, physiology, reproduction and, in extreme cases, causes death. Marine life can adapt to noise pollution, however, only if they can escape it. This only renders further complications of straying (使偏离) species from their traditional breeding regions or separating them from their families. Now, what if we told you there is already a solution? Multiple remedies, ideas and designs are currently in the works or already exist to eliminate and reverse the damage of anthropogenic ocean noise. As Time explains, from wind-powered ships to noise-reducing propellers, floating wind turbines and “bubble curtains” that muffle construction noise, the solutions are already available and in some cases, cost-effective. The authors of the paper hope it will catch the attention of policymakers, who historically speaking, have ignored the matter still to this day. Of all the challenges ocean creatures are battling, luckily sound pollution is the easiest compromise humans can make. Once the noise has decreased, marine life will be able to better manage everything else it is up against. 9. How does anthropogenic ocean noise affect clown fish? A. It improves their reproduction rates. B. It promotes their better development. C. It hinders them from finding their home. D. It causes them to give up their migration in the ocean. 10. What does the underlined word “renders” probably mean in paragraph 3? A. leads to B. decides on C. holds back D. results from 11. Which of the following solutions is already available according to paragraph 4? A. The application of relevant laws B. The use of noise control technology. C. The restriction of human activities. D. The attention of local policymakers. 12. What is the text mainly about? A. The beauty of marine ecosystems. B. The urgent need for ocean conservation. C. The impact of climate change on ocean noise. D. The harmful effects of human-generated ocean noise. 态度推断题1+3篇 【名师点津】 态度观点态度类试题的解题方法： 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 【高考真题】 (2024全国甲卷第31题)The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【名校模拟】 （2025·浙江·模拟预测）The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. This week, the woman parted her lips to whisper an ancient secret. Scientists using X-rays to examine the chemical structure of a small part of the painting discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. An oil paint used for it was a special, new chemical mixture, which suggests that the Italian artist was in an experimental mood when he worked on the painting in the 16th century. “He loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,” said Victor Gonzalez, a chemist who has studied the chemical element of several works by Leonardo and other artists. The researchers found a rare lead compound (铅化合物) — plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint. The paint in the study is about the thickness of a human hair, lying in the top right area of the painting. The scientists looked into its atomic (原子的) structure using X-rays, moving particles at the speed of light, permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe, as it’s the first time we can chemically confirm it,” Gonzalez said. Rembrandt, the Dutch master, may have employed a similar blend in his 17th-century paintings. Gonzalez and fellow researchers have also detected plumbonacrite in his art. It’s believed that Leonardo used lead oxide powder, which has an orange color, to thicken his oil paint and speed up drying. “What you will get is an oil that has a very nice golden color,” Gonzalez said. “It flows more like honey.” But the Mona Lisa — said by the Louvre to be a portrait (肖像) of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine silk businessman — There’s more to her gaze than meets the eye. “What we are saying is just a little brick in the knowledge,” Gonzalez said. 1. What technique did da Vinci potentially use in the Mona Lisa? A. The employment of tailored X-rays. B. The application of a rare lead compound. C. A special mixture of oil paints. D. The universal use of atomic structures. 2. What does the use of plumbonacrite suggest about Leonardo’s painting approach? A. Willingness to experiment. B. Giving priority to conventions. C. Technically identical output. D. Concentration on paint drying. 3. What is Gonzalez’s attitude towards the use of lead oxide powder? A. Dismissive. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable. 4. What can we infer about the Mona Lisa from the last paragraph? A. It still holds secrets yet to be uncovered. B. It echoes the realities of the worldly life. C. It’s a perfect combination of old and new. D. It serves as the key to understanding Leonardo. （2024·宁夏吴忠·模拟预测）When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships. Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 18-month-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand — a library is more than books; it’s a community. Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first e-mail address in 1997. At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled (咯咯地笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library offered me my first teaching job. I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them. 5. Why does the author consider herself lucky today? A. She has become her mother’s best friend. B. She has access to a reliable car now. C. She lives close to libraries. D. She can meet friends at the library. 6. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Socializing in a library. B. Reading books in a library. C. Visiting a library with a family member. D. Building parent-child friendship in a library. 7. What did the author do at the library according to the passage? A. She told stories to her mother. B. She learned how to go online. C. She got her current teaching job. D. She initially read Judy Blume novels. 8. What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries? A. Cautious. B. Ambiguous. C. Disapproving. D. Favourable. （2024·河南·二模）No one can entirely predict where the artificial intelligence(AI)industry is taking everyone, but at least the AI is ready to reliably tell you what the weather will be like when you get there. According to a paper published in Science, a new, AI-powered 10-day climate forecasting program called GraphCast is already outperforming existing prediction tools nearly every time. Developed by Lam, one GraphCast team member, and colleagues at Google DPMD, the technology company’s AI research division, GraphCast is trained on decades of historic weather information alongside roughly 40 years of satellite, weather station, and radar reanalysis. This stands in sharp contrast to what are known as numerical weather prediction(NWP)models, which traditionally use massive amounts of data concerning thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and other atmospheric sciences. All those data require intense computing power. On top of all that, NWP models are slow—taking hours for hundreds of machines within a supercomputer to produce their 10-day forecasts. GraphCast, meanwhile, offers highly accurate, medium range climatic predictions in less than a minute, all through just one of Google’s AI-powered machine learning tensor processing unit (TPU) machines. During a comprehensive performance evaluation against the industry-standard NWP system—the High-Resolution Forecast (HRES)—GraphCast proved more accurate in over 90 percent of tests. When limiting the scope to only the Earth’s troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere and home to most noticeable weather events, GraphCast beat HRES in an astounding 99.7 percent of test variables. “Pioneering the use of AI in weather forecasting will benefit billions of people in their everyday lives,” Lam said. He noted GraphCast’s potential vital importance amid increasingly destroying events resulting from climate breakdown. “Predicting extreme temperatures is of growing importance in our warming world, ” Lam continued. “GraphCast can characterize when the heat is set to rise above the historical top temperatures for any given location on Earth. This is particularly useful in anticipating heat waves，disruptive and dangerous events that are becoming increasingly common. ” 9. What is special about GraphCast? A. It is time-honored. B. It is fast and accurate. C. It is numerical and reliable. D. It is based on atmospheric data. 10. Which is the key to the success of GraphCast? A. NWP. B. DPMD. C. HRES. D. TPU. 11. How does the author mainly develop the text? A. By making comparisons. B. By analyzing related data. C. By quoting an expert’s words. D. By describing study processes. 12. What is Lam’s attitude towards GraphCast? A. Uncertain. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Cautious. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025届新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟） 第04辑一轮阅读 专题01 阅读理解难点分类突破（段落大意题+文章大意题+态度推断题）解析版 目录 段落大意题1+3篇 P1 【名师点津】 P1 【高考真题】 P2 【名校模拟】 P4 文章大意题1+3篇 P8 【名师点津】 P9 【高考真题】 P10 【名校模拟】 P11 态度推断题1+3篇 P16 【名师点津】 P16 【高考真题】 P16 【名校模拟】 P17 段落大意题1+3篇 【名师点津】 一、段落大意题干扰项特征 1.过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围。 2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容。 3.移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上。 4.主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 二、段落大意题两大抓手 1.寻找段落主题句 解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。一般而言，每个段落总有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 2.确定段落关键词 段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 三、段落大意题思维导图 【高考真题】 (2024新课标I卷第26题)“I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.” 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 25. Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets? A. He was trained in it at university. B. He was inspired by another veterinarian. C. He benefited from it as a patient. D. He wanted to save money for pet owners. 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B. The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C. Examples of rare animal diseases. D. The effectiveness of holistic medicine. 27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association? A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance. C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection. 【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉·法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。 24.细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。 25.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments. What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients. So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。 26.主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months. And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利·廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉·杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。 27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。 【名校模拟】 （23-24高三下·陕西渭南·开学考试）Before the year has even come to a close, climate experts are certain that 2023 will be the hottest year in recorded history. On Dec. 6, the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) — part of the European Union’s space program — revealed that this year’s average global temperatures have been 2.6 F (1.46 C) higher than temperatures in preindustrial times and 0.2 F (0.13 C) higher than January to November in 2016. These “extraordinary” temperatures mean that 2023 will be “the warmest year in recorded history,” C3S deputy director Samantha Burgess said in a statement. The researchers note that this year’s record heat was partly caused by the latest El Nino event—a phenomenon where warmer water near the equator triggers warmer global air temperatures—that began in June. Some other experts have suggested that the January 2022 eruption of Tonga’s underwater volcano, which pumped record levels of water vapor into the atmosphere, may also be partly responsible. Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions, which, noted in a C3S statement, have trapped more than 25 billion atomic bombs’ worth of energy in our atmosphere over the last 50 years. And still worse, the global carbon emissions have reached a new high this year, according to scientists at the United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP28) On Dec 4. The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious. In 2023, research revealed that climate change is causing major US cities to sink and more than half of the world’s largest lakes and reservoirs to shrink. Studies also predicted that the Gulf Stream, which plays a vital role in ocean circulation, could collapse by as early as 2025, and that rising sea levels could swamp the US coastline by 2050. However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible. 1. Which is the main factor in causing the warmest weather in 2023? A. Eruption of an underwater volcano. B. Greenhouse gas emissions. C. Collapse of the Gulf Stream. D. The latest El Nino event. 2. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Scientists’ predictions of the technology. B. The threat of rising sea levels to the U.S. C. The effects of climate change. D. Different opinions on global warming. 3. How does Michael Mann feel about the present situation? A. Confused. B. Worried. C. Pessimistic. D. Hopeful. 4. What does the underlined word “emitting” mean in the last paragraph? A. Release. B. Prevent. C. Reduce. D. Seek. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要了关于气候变化和全球变暖的最新发现。 1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Despite these factors, the major cause of climbing temperatures is global warming caused by runaway greenhouse gas emissions(尽管有这些因素，但气温攀升的主要原因是失控的温室气体排放导致的全球变暖)”可知，造成2023年天气最热的主要因素是温室气体排放，故选B项。 2. 主旨大意题。通读全段，并结合主旨句“The effects of global warming are becoming more obvious.(全球变暖的影响越来越明显。)”可知，本段主要讲的是气候变化的影响，故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, scientists say that we still have time to prevent further disaster. Leading climate change expert Michael Mann, from the University of Pennsylvania, recently wrote that “we can still stop the worst effects of climate change” if we stop emitting greenhouse gases as soon as possible(然而，科学家们表示，我们仍有时间防止进一步的灾难。宾夕法尼亚大学的首席气候变化专家迈克尔•曼最近写道，如果我们尽快停止emitting温室气体，“我们仍然可以阻止气候变化的最坏影响”)”可推理出，迈克尔•曼认为目前的情况充满希望，故选D项。 4. 词句猜测题。根据前文“we can still stop the worst effects of climate change(我们仍然可以阻止气候变化的最坏影响)”可知，应是停止排放温室气体，我们才可能阻止气候变化的最坏影响，所以推知emitting意为“排放”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。 （2024·安徽合肥·三模）In a neighborhood in the east of Paris, if you walk out of your front door, you can arrive at a kindergarten in one minute and a bookstore in three minutes. A bakery? It’s across the street. Actually, all key things in daily life — work, food, schools and entertainment — are within a 15-minute walk. This neighborhood was built in this way more than 150 years ago and this old idea of having all important things close by has now evolved into an urban planning model that is gaining popularity around the world. “A 15-minute city not only improves quality of life, but can also reduce greenhouse gases. Transportation accounts for about 20% of global energy-related CO₂ pollution, with cars making up almost 10%,”says Carlos Moreno, a professor at University of Paris, who has been helping the city put this idea to use. “Paris should integrate the 15-minute city as part of a broader strategy to get closer to net zero goals.” Besides reducing greenhouse gases, there are lots of “co-benefits” for people who live in 15-minute cities. Facilities that prioritize walking and biking mean less noise from cars and more safety for the people, Less air pollution from cars and daily routines with more walking and biking promote health. Redesigning cities where homes are mixed in with businesses can drive more. foot traffic to those businesses. But one challenge to building 15-minute cities across France is financial. Many banks are still unwilling to provide loans for mixed-use developments, because they are still a relatively uncommon way to build communities. Other barriers have to do with parking in a more heavily populated area. The biggest obstacle involves public schools. When couples have kids, they often leave cities for suburbs, which they think have better schools. “If we want regional sustainability, we have to look to these urban places,”Makarewicz says. “But if we want to successfully introduce a 15-minute city approach to an area, we should focus on the way people want to live.” 5. What is a feature of the so-called 15-minute city? A. Better schools are built in the suburbs. B. People are required to walk or ride bikes. C. All important daily things are close by. D. Greenhouse gases are reduced to net zero. 6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The difficulties of redesigning. B. The benefits of a 15-minute city. C. The harms of living in big cities. D. The costs to build 15-minute cities. 7. Which of the following best explains “obstacle” underlined in paragraph 5? A. Failure. B. Plan. C. Change. D. Problem. 8. What is the key to putting Carlos Moreno’ idea into use successfully? A. Urban residents’ acceptance. B. The available urban space. C. People's willingness to lend money. D. The governmental support. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了建立15分钟城市生活圈的优点及可能遇到的挑战。 5. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Actually, all key things in daily life — work, food, schools and entertainment — are within a 15-minute walk.(事实上，日常生活中的所有关键事情——工作、食物、学校和娱乐——都在15分钟的步行路程内)”可知，这种城市生活圈的特征是：将日常生活所必要的设施都规划在一起。故选C。 6. 主旨大意题。根据第四段的主旨句“Besides reducing greenhouse gases, there are lots of “co-benefits” for people who live in 15-minute cities. (除了减少温室气体，生活在15分钟城市的人们还有很多“共同利益”)”可知，本段主要介绍了15分钟城市带来的好处。故选B。 7. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前“But one challenge to building 15-minute cities across France is financial. Many banks are still unwilling to provide loans for mixed-use developments, because they are still a relatively uncommon way to build communities. Other barriers have to do with parking in a more heavily populated area.(但在法国各地建设15分钟城市的一个挑战是财政问题。许多银行仍然不愿意为混合用途开发项目提供贷款，因为它们仍然是一种相对不常见的社区建设方式。其他障碍与在人口稠密地区停车有关)”及下文“When couples have kids, they often leave cities for suburbs, which they think have better schools.(当夫妻有了孩子后，他们通常会离开城市去郊区，因为他们认为那里的学校更好)”可知，在法国各地建设15分钟城市的挑战有财政问题，包括银行不愿意提供贷款，人口稠密地区无法停车。其中最大的障碍包括公共学校。所以换线单词指的也是规划及建设15分钟城市生活圈时会遇到的挑战，意为“问题，障碍”。故选D。 8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But if we want to successfully introduce a 15-minute city approach to an area, we should focus on the way people want to live.(但如果我们想成功地将15分钟的城市方式引入一个地区，我们应该关注人们想要的生活方式)”可知，想要成功地将15分钟的城市方式引入一个地区，必须符合人们想要的生活方式，也就是说城市居民的是否能够接受。故选A。 （2024·山西太原·二模）One of the most popular therapists (治疗师) in University of Rochester (UR) smells like chips, pees outside, and doesn’t mind eating baby carrots off the ground. Sasha, a five-year-old golden dog, runs her practice out of a second-flour office in the Interfaith Chapel that she shares with her owner-Dr. Denise Yarbrough. During their office hours, which run from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m, on Mondays and Fridays, the messy puppy is likely to greet you with tail wags, happy “woof”, and even her two front paws lifting. It’s this patented charm that allows Sasha to meet the needs of a crowd of students who drop in to see UR’s first and most accessible therapy dog in residence. But the path to her puppy Ph.D still called for three rounds of training. First was a two-week residential camp on the essentials — sit, stay, come, heel, ete. There her natural fondness for “people pleasing” revealed itself on her very first day! That training was followed by the eight- week Canine Good Citizen program, where she learned how to stay calm in crowds, to resist reacting to other dogs, and to be comfortable with Yarbrough leaving her side. A five-week therapy dog specific course was the last step in her journey. There she studied approaching people with mobility aids like wheelchairs, tolerating loud noises, and the importance of the “leave it!” command, among other things. Sasha passed the therapy dog exams at nine months old but couldn’t get certificated until she was one year old. The pandemic postponed her on-campus arrival, but Yarbrough did eventually get to bring her to work, and students consequently fell in love, “I have this constant stream of students, and obviously this is meeting a need.” Yarbrough said. “This is the third year we’re doing this, and she does get a pretty steady stream of friends coming in on the days that she’s here.” Since then, Sasha’s role in the community has ballooned. 9. What do we know about Sasha from the first paragraph? A. She works six hours every day. B. She goes to the office as Dr.Yarbrough’s pet. C. She attracts students with improper behaviour. D. She works by actively interacting with students. 10. What inborn nature did Sasha show in the training? A. The resisting reaction. B. Ability to aid the disabled. C. Fondness for people pleasing. D. Obeying the commands precisely. 11. What is the last paragraph mainly about? A. The popularity of Sasha. B. The expectation of Yarbrough. C. The hardship of Sasha’s work. D. The feedback of the community. 12. What is the writing purpose of this text? A. To present puppy training strategies. B. To introduce a special campus therapist. C. To launch an appeal for animal conservation. D. To highlight the significance of pets’company. 【答案】9. D 10. C 11. A 12. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了罗切斯特大学小狗治疗犬萨沙成长的故事。 9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“During their office hours, which run from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m, on Mondays and Fridays, the messy puppy is likely to greet you with tail wags, happy “woof”, and even her two front paws lifting. It’s this patented charm that allows Sasha to meet the needs of a crowd of students who drop in to see UR’s first and most accessible therapy dog in residence.(在他们周一和周五从早上11点到下午5点的办公时间里，这只邋遢的小狗可能会摇尾巴，开心地“汪汪”地叫，甚至抬起两只前爪来迎接你。正是这种有专利权的魅力，让萨沙满足了一群学生的需求，他们来这里看罗切斯特大学的第一只也是最容易接近的治疗犬。)”可知，萨沙是通过积极与学生互动来工作的。故选D项。 10. 细节理解题。根据第二段“There her natural fondness for“people pleasing” revealed itself on her very first day! (在那里，她天生就喜欢“取悦别人”的特质第一天就显露出来了！)”可知，萨沙在训练中展现出了天生喜欢取悦人的特质，故选C项。 11. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段““This is the third year we’re doing this, and she does get a pretty steady stream of friends coming in on the days that she’s here.” Since then, Sasha’s role in the community has ballooned. (“这是我们第三年这样做了，她在这里的日子里确实有相当稳定的朋友流。”从那以后，萨沙在社区中的角色越来越重要。)”以及最后一段的其他内容可知这一段主要讲述了莎莎的受欢迎程度。故选A项。 12. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“One of the most popular therapists in University of Rochester (UR) smells like chips, pees outside, and doesn’t mind eating baby carrots off the ground.(罗切斯特大学最受欢迎的治疗师之一闻起来像薯条，在外面撒尿，而且不介意吃掉在地上的小胡萝卜)”以及第二段“But the path to her puppy Ph.D still called for three rounds of training.(但是她成为小狗博士的路径仍然需要三轮训练。)”以及文章最后一句“Since then, Sasha’s role in the community has ballooned.(从那时起，萨沙在社区中的角色越来越重要。)”可知文章介绍了罗彻斯特大学的一位特殊治疗师——一只名为萨沙的金毛犬，她通过训练成为了一位治疗犬，并深受学生们的喜爱。因此，文章的写作目的是介绍这位特殊的校园治疗师。故选B项。 文章大意题1+3篇 【名师点津】 一、记叙文主旨大意题 1.看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 二、说明文和议论文主旨大意题 1.看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 2.借助主题词或关键词归纳 三、文章大意题错误选项典型错误 一是“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； 二是“概括宽泛”：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； 三是“无中生有”：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 四、文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 五、文章大意题思维导图 【高考真题】 (2024新课标II卷第31题)We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions (排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. 28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1? A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care. C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets. 29. What information does the convenient app offer? A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants. C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods. 30. What can be concluded about BMF employees? A. They have a great passion for sports. B. They are devoted to community service. C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences. D They have a strong environmental awareness. 31. What does the text mainly talk about? A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management. C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards. 【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。 28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。 29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数据。故选B。 30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。 31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。 【名校模拟】 （23-24高三上·山西晋城·期末）While scientists have many ideas, there is no single explanation for why humans yawn. Still, there is one thing experts know about yawns—they seem to be infectious! Have you ever caught a yawn from someone else? Most people have. According to one previous study, a person is six times more likely to yawn after seeing someone else do so. Experts have done many studies into why yawns seem to pass from person to person. As a result, experts have a few theories for the reason behind it. One possible explanation has to do with something called social mirroring. This is caused by mirror neurons (镜像神经元) in the brain. These cells help the brain notice useful behavior of others and then copy it. When one person sees another person yawning, his mirror neurons observe the action and interpret it as beneficial behavior. That may cause him to yawn, too. Another popular theory is that yawns are infectious thanks to social relationships. Humans are undoubtedly social creatures. They form friendships, start families, and live together in groups. That’s why many people mirror others, such as smiling when another person does so. Yawning maybe just another example of this. In fact, research has shown that people are most likely to catch a case of the yawns from another person if the two share a social relationship. The answer could even be that yawns aren’t truly infectious at all. Instead, people may yawn when they’e together simply because they‘re in the same environment. Experts say many things may cause yawning—including temperature and time. Possible causes may be experienced by anyone in the same general area. Whatever the explanation is, experts do know that infectious yawns aren’t limited to humans. One study found that lions in South Africa also caught each other’s yawns. 1. What kind of behavior may be copied by the mirror neurons? A. Unimportant but attractive. B. Useful and beneficial. C. Hard to understand. D. Easy to copy. 2. Whose yawns are people most likely to copy according to paragraph 3? A. The ones who yawn a lot. B. The ones who are friendly to them. C. The ones closely connected with them. D. The ones sharing the same interest with them. 3. What might the author continue talking about in the following paragraph? A. Some tips on yawning in public. B. A real explanation for infectious yawning. C. Other examples of animals yawning together. D. Further studies of infectious yawning in humans. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. Why yawns are infectious. B. What causes people to yawn. C. Who yawns more than others. D. Whether yawns are infectious. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些关于打哈欠会传染的理论。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One possible explanation has to do with something called social mirroring. This is caused by mirror neurons (镜像神经元) in the brain. These cells help the brain notice useful behavior of others and then copy it. When one person sees another person yawning, his mirror neurons observe the action and interpret it as beneficial behavior. That may cause him to yawn, too.(一种可能的解释与所谓的社交镜像有关。这是由大脑中的镜像神经元引起的。这些细胞帮助大脑注意到他人的有用行为，然后复制它。当一个人看到另一个人打哈欠时，他的镜像神经元会观察到这个动作，并将其解释为有益的行为。这也可能导致他打哈欠。)”可知，镜像神经元可以复制有用和有益的行为。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In fact, research has shown that people are most likely to catch a case of the yawns from another person if the two share a social relationship.(事实上，研究表明，如果一个人和另一个人有着共同的社会关系，那么他们最有可能被对方打哈欠)”可知，人们最容易被那些与他们关系密切的人的哈欠传染。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Experts say many things may cause yawning—including temperature and time. Possible causes may be experienced by anyone in the same general area. Whatever the explanation is, experts do know that infectious yawns aren’t limited to humans. One study found that lions in South Africa also caught each other’s yawns.(专家表示，许多因素可能会导致打哈欠，包括温度和时间。同一地区的任何人都可能经历可能的原因。无论解释是什么，专家们都知道传染性哈欠并不局限于人类。一项研究发现，南非的狮子也会互相打哈欠。)”可推知，在接下来的段落中，作者可能会继续谈论其它动物一起打哈欠的例子。故选C项。 4. 主旨大意题。结合全文及文章第一段“While scientists have many ideas, there is no single explanation for why humans yawn. Still, there is one thing experts know about yawns—they seem to be infectious! (虽然科学家们有很多想法，但人类为什么会打哈欠并没有单一的解释。不过，专家们对哈欠有一点了解——它们似乎具有传染性！)”可知，文章主要介绍了一些关于打哈欠会传染的理论，故A项Why yawns are infectious.(为什么打哈欠会传染)适合作为文章的标题。故选A项。 （2024·山东菏泽·二模）Several times a month, you can find Doctor Daniel Nadeau in the Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. He notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉) and cheese boxes in am other’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to wholegrain macaroni and real cheese. Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes (糖尿病) rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” This mother agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for diabetes. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nevertheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. By prescribing (开处方) nutritional changes or launching programs such as “Shop with your Doc”, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. They believe teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. 5. Why does Doctor Nadeau advise buying wholegrain macaroni and real cheese? A. They’re easy to make. B. They’re plant-based. C. They’re delicious to eat. D. They’re processed food. 6. What does the underlined word “reverse” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Try out. B. Pick up. C. Take in. D. Turn around. 7. What is the author’s attitude toward the power of food? A. Neutral. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Positive. 8. What is the text mainly about? A. A good cure for diabetes. B. A new attempt on cooking. C. A food-as-medicine program. D. A simple tip on doing shopping. 【答案】5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文，饮食中的糖和加工食品会导致疾病，本文介绍了通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病的项目。 5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉) and cheese boxes in am other’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to wholegrain macaroni and real cheese.”和第二段中““In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.”(“在美国，超过50%的食品是加工食品，” Nadeau告诉她。“我们的食物中只有5%是植物性食物。我认为我们应该努力扭转这种局面。”)”可知，Nadeau建议购买全麦通心粉和真正的奶酪是因为它们是植物性食物，故选B。 6. 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes(糖尿病) rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food.(Nadeau说，糖和加工食品是儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要原因。“在美国，超过50%的食品是加工食品，” Nadeau告诉她。“我们的食物中只有5%是植物性食物)”可知，糖和加工食品是儿童糖尿病发病率上升的主要原因，在美国超过50%的食品是加工食品，只有5%是植物性食物，由此推知划线词所在句意为“我认为我们应该努力扭转这种局面”，reverse意为“扭转”，故选D。 7. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.(研究结果越来越多地显示出食物治疗或逆转疾病的力量，但这并不意味着饮食本身总是解决问题的办法，也不意味着每一种疾病都能从饮食的改变中得到实质性的好处)”可知，作者对于食物的力量持中立态度，故选A。 8. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“By prescribing (开处方) nutritional changes or launching programs such as “Shop with your Doc”, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat.(通过开处方改变营养或启动诸如“和医生一起购物”之类的项目，他们试图通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病)”可知，饮食中的糖和加工食品会导致疾病，本文介绍了通过改变患者的饮食来预防、限制甚至逆转疾病的项目。C项“一个以食为药的项目”能够总结本文大意，故选C。 （2024·江西景德镇·三模）Have you ever had the feeling that you can’t think when there is too much noise around? Did you ever think a fish could experience that feeling too? A recent paper published in Science titled “Soundscape (声景) of the Anthropocene Oceans”, combined over 10,000 scientific papers, confirming that undersea life knows that exact same feeling, more often than not. Anthropogenic (人为的) ocean noise, also known as underwater noise pollution, has created a dramatic impact on marine life due to “human-caused” activity within and neighboring our oceans. Disney Pixar’s animated film Finding Nemo educated us about the ocean, and specifically within the ordinary world of a clown fish. A fact many may not know is that clown fish spend the first part of their lives as larvae, drifting with the current of the ocean until they become strong enough to swim against it. Once they are powerful and strong, they head home in sheltered coral reefs. There is only one drawback — the fish can’t physically see the reef, but they can hear it. The only problem is, if they can’t hear it, will they ever make it home? Our anthropogenic ocean noise, such as cargo ships, ship and boat propellers, surfing, deep sea mining, etc. are causing destruction of marine life. According to Time, sound is the sensory signal that travels the farthest through the ocean. Anthropogenic noise drowns out the natural soundscapes, putting marine life under immense stress. Altogether, this stress then affects their general health, disrupts their behavior, physiology, reproduction and, in extreme cases, causes death. Marine life can adapt to noise pollution, however, only if they can escape it. This only renders further complications of straying (使偏离) species from their traditional breeding regions or separating them from their families. Now, what if we told you there is already a solution? Multiple remedies, ideas and designs are currently in the works or already exist to eliminate and reverse the damage of anthropogenic ocean noise. As Time explains, from wind-powered ships to noise-reducing propellers, floating wind turbines and “bubble curtains” that muffle construction noise, the solutions are already available and in some cases, cost-effective. The authors of the paper hope it will catch the attention of policymakers, who historically speaking, have ignored the matter still to this day. Of all the challenges ocean creatures are battling, luckily sound pollution is the easiest compromise humans can make. Once the noise has decreased, marine life will be able to better manage everything else it is up against. 9. How does anthropogenic ocean noise affect clown fish? A. It improves their reproduction rates. B. It promotes their better development. C. It hinders them from finding their home. D. It causes them to give up their migration in the ocean. 10. What does the underlined word “renders” probably mean in paragraph 3? A. leads to B. decides on C. holds back D. results from 11. Which of the following solutions is already available according to paragraph 4? A. The application of relevant laws B. The use of noise control technology. C. The restriction of human activities. D. The attention of local policymakers. 12. What is the text mainly about? A. The beauty of marine ecosystems. B. The urgent need for ocean conservation. C. The impact of climate change on ocean noise. D. The harmful effects of human-generated ocean noise. 【答案】9. C 10. A 11. B 12. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人为海洋噪音对海洋生物造成的影响，以及目前存在的解决方案和对未来政策制定者的呼吁。 9. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There is only one drawback —the fish can’t physically see the reef, but they can hear it. The only problem is, if they can’t hear it, will they ever make it home?（只有一个缺点——鱼不能看到珊瑚礁，但它们可以听到它。唯一的问题是，如果他们听不到，他们还能回家吗？）”可知，人为的海洋噪音会阻碍小丑鱼找到回家的路。故选 C 项。 10. 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Marine life can adapt to noise pollution, however, only if they can escape it. This only renders further complications of straying (使偏离) species from their traditional breeding regions or separating them from their families.（然而，海洋生物只有在能够逃脱噪音污染的情况下才能适应它。这只会导致物种偏离传统繁殖区域或与家人分离的进一步复杂化。）”可知，海洋生物会因为噪音污染而偏离传统繁殖区域或与家人分离，这是噪音污染带来的结果。由此可推知，划线单词“renders”的意思是“导致”，与选项 A 意思接近。故选 A 项。 11. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As Time explains, from wind-powered ships to noise-reducing propellers, floating wind turbines and “bubble curtains” that muffle construction noise, the solutions are already available and in some cases, cost-effective.（正如《时代》杂志所解释的那样，从风力驱动的船只到降低噪音的螺旋桨、漂浮的风力涡轮机和抑制建筑噪音的“气泡窗帘”，这些解决方案已经有了，而且在某些情况下，还很划算。）”可知，已经有一些噪音控制技术可以用来减少人为的海洋噪音。故选 B 项。 12. 主旨大意题。文章第一段“Anthropogenic (人为的) ocean noise, also known as underwater noise pollution, has created a dramatic impact on marine life due to “human-caused” activity within and neighboring our oceans.（人为的海洋噪音，也被称为水下噪音污染，由于在我们的海洋内部和邻近海域的“人为”活动，已经对海洋生物造成了巨大的影响。）”指出了人为的海洋噪音对海洋生物的影响。文章第二段至第四段通过讲述小丑鱼的例子和海洋生物对噪音的适应性，进一步说明了噪音污染对海洋生物的危害。文章最后一段提出了一些已经存在的解决方案。由此可知，文章主要讲述的是人为产生的海洋噪音的有害影响。故选 D 项。 态度推断题1+3篇 【名师点津】 态度观点态度类试题的解题方法： 第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意； 第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度； 第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully, successfully, unfortunately, doubtfully 等。 乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；positive肯定的；favorable 支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的 客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的 消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；doubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的 【高考真题】 (2024全国甲卷第31题)The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. “People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia. Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits. Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ” 28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains? A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors. C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river. 29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk? A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors. C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid. 30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply? A. About a year. B. About ten months. C. About two months. D. About two weeks. 31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious. 【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。 28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。 29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。 30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故选D。 31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。 【名校模拟】 （2025·浙江·模拟预测）The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. This week, the woman parted her lips to whisper an ancient secret. Scientists using X-rays to examine the chemical structure of a small part of the painting discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. An oil paint used for it was a special, new chemical mixture, which suggests that the Italian artist was in an experimental mood when he worked on the painting in the 16th century. “He loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,” said Victor Gonzalez, a chemist who has studied the chemical element of several works by Leonardo and other artists. The researchers found a rare lead compound (铅化合物) — plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint. The paint in the study is about the thickness of a human hair, lying in the top right area of the painting. The scientists looked into its atomic (原子的) structure using X-rays, moving particles at the speed of light, permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe, as it’s the first time we can chemically confirm it,” Gonzalez said. Rembrandt, the Dutch master, may have employed a similar blend in his 17th-century paintings. Gonzalez and fellow researchers have also detected plumbonacrite in his art. It’s believed that Leonardo used lead oxide powder, which has an orange color, to thicken his oil paint and speed up drying. “What you will get is an oil that has a very nice golden color,” Gonzalez said. “It flows more like honey.” But the Mona Lisa — said by the Louvre to be a portrait (肖像) of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of a Florentine silk businessman — There’s more to her gaze than meets the eye. “What we are saying is just a little brick in the knowledge,” Gonzalez said. 1. What technique did da Vinci potentially use in the Mona Lisa? A. The employment of tailored X-rays. B. The application of a rare lead compound. C. A special mixture of oil paints. D. The universal use of atomic structures. 2. What does the use of plumbonacrite suggest about Leonardo’s painting approach? A. Willingness to experiment. B. Giving priority to conventions. C. Technically identical output. D. Concentration on paint drying. 3. What is Gonzalez’s attitude towards the use of lead oxide powder? A. Dismissive. B. Objective. C. Doubtful. D. Favorable. 4. What can we infer about the Mona Lisa from the last paragraph? A. It still holds secrets yet to be uncovered. B. It echoes the realities of the worldly life. C. It’s a perfect combination of old and new. D. It serves as the key to understanding Leonardo. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家通过X射线检查《蒙娜丽莎》的部分化学结构，发现了达芬奇在作品中使用的一种技术。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found a rare lead compound (铅化合物) — plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint.”（研究人员在达•芬奇的第一层画作中发现了一种罕见的铅化合物——plumbonacrite。这一发现证明，达芬奇很可能使用了氧化铅来增稠和干燥他的颜料）可知，达芬奇在《蒙娜丽莎》中可能使用了一种罕见的铅化合物。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically”（他喜欢实验，他的每一幅画在技术上都完全不同）可知，达芬奇喜欢实验，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段““What you will get is an oil that has a very nice golden color,” Gonzalez said. “It flows more like honey.””（“你会得到一种非常漂亮的金色的油，”Gonzalez说，“它流动起来更像蜂蜜。”）可知，Gonzalez对使用氧化铅粉末的态度是支持的。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““What we are saying is just a little brick in the knowledge,” Gonzalez said.”（Gonzalez说：“我们所说的只是知识中的一小块。”）可推知，《蒙娜丽莎》仍然有待揭示的秘密。故选A。 （2024·宁夏吴忠·模拟预测）When I was small, my mother and I would walk to our local library in Franklin Square. As we didn’t always have access to a reliable car, walking hand in hand was the most convenient way to get anywhere. It was at story time for children that both my mother and I made lasting friendships. Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 18-month-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. Well, that is what many people don’t understand — a library is more than books; it’s a community. Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. But it was also the place where I got my first e-mail address in 1997. At the library, friends and I learned how to research colleges and search for scholarships on the Internet. The library was the place where we sometimes giggled (咯咯地笑) too loudly, and where the librarians knew us by name. Their knowing our names wasn’t a bad thing. When I came home from my first term at Binghamton University, Mary LaRosa, the librarian at the Franklin Square library offered me my first teaching job. I now teach reading at Nassau Community College. My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them. 5. Why does the author consider herself lucky today? A. She has become her mother’s best friend. B. She has access to a reliable car now. C. She lives close to libraries. D. She can meet friends at the library. 6. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Socializing in a library. B. Reading books in a library. C. Visiting a library with a family member. D. Building parent-child friendship in a library. 7. What did the author do at the library according to the passage? A. She told stories to her mother. B. She learned how to go online. C. She got her current teaching job. D. She initially read Judy Blume novels. 8. What is the author’s attitude to her students’ way of visiting libraries? A. Cautious. B. Ambiguous. C. Disapproving. D. Favourable. 【答案】5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了从作者小时候到成家生子再到工作教书这一路上图书馆的变化。 5. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. (今天，我很幸运地住在格伦黑德黄金海岸公共图书馆的拐角处，步行不远就能到达海崖儿童图书馆)”可知，作者认为自己很幸运是因为她住得离图书馆很近。故选C。 6. 词句猜测题。由文章第二段中划线词上文“Today, I am fortunate to live around the corner from the Gold Coast Public Library in Glen Head and a short walk to the Sea Cliff Children’s Library. My 18-month-old son, Colin, and I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends. (今天，我很幸运地住在格伦黑德的黄金海岸公共图书馆附近，走一小段路就能到海崖儿童图书馆。我和18个月大的儿子科林每周都会去海崖几次，和朋友见面和结交朋友。)”可知，“that is what many people don’t understand(这是许多人不理解的)”中的代词that指代上文中的“I find ourselves in Sea Cliff several times a week, meeting and making friends”作者在图书馆与和朋友见面和结交朋友，即在图书馆社交。故选A。 7. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Sure, the library in Franklin Square was the place where I was introduced to Judy Blume novels. (当然，富兰克林广场的图书馆是我初次了解朱迪·布鲁姆小说的地方)”可知，作者最初是在图书馆读到了朱迪·布鲁姆的小说。故选D。 8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“My students are often amazed that they can check out books via their smartphones and virtually visit a variety of Long Island libraries. The app used by Nassau and Suffolk county public libraries, as well as the college library, makes their homework easier by helping them find resources. Even though they can’t always easily visit their local libraries, the library is always with them. (我的学生们经常感到惊讶的是，他们可以通过智能手机借书，还可以参观长岛的各种图书馆。拿骚县和萨福克县公共图书馆以及大学图书馆使用的应用程序通过帮助他们查找资源，使他们的家庭作业更容易。尽管他们不能总是容易地参观当地的图书馆，但图书馆总是与他们同在)”可知，学生可以使用图书馆的应用程序查找资源，帮助做家庭作业，可以通过访问虚拟图书馆来获取想要的资源。由此可推测出，作者对学生们访问虚拟图书馆的方式是支持的、赞同的。故选D。 （2024·河南·二模）No one can entirely predict where the artificial intelligence(AI)industry is taking everyone, but at least the AI is ready to reliably tell you what the weather will be like when you get there. According to a paper published in Science, a new, AI-powered 10-day climate forecasting program called GraphCast is already outperforming existing prediction tools nearly every time. Developed by Lam, one GraphCast team member, and colleagues at Google DPMD, the technology company’s AI research division, GraphCast is trained on decades of historic weather information alongside roughly 40 years of satellite, weather station, and radar reanalysis. This stands in sharp contrast to what are known as numerical weather prediction(NWP)models, which traditionally use massive amounts of data concerning thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and other atmospheric sciences. All those data require intense computing power. On top of all that, NWP models are slow—taking hours for hundreds of machines within a supercomputer to produce their 10-day forecasts. GraphCast, meanwhile, offers highly accurate, medium range climatic predictions in less than a minute, all through just one of Google’s AI-powered machine learning tensor processing unit (TPU) machines. During a comprehensive performance evaluation against the industry-standard NWP system—the High-Resolution Forecast (HRES)—GraphCast proved more accurate in over 90 percent of tests. When limiting the scope to only the Earth’s troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere and home to most noticeable weather events, GraphCast beat HRES in an astounding 99.7 percent of test variables. “Pioneering the use of AI in weather forecasting will benefit billions of people in their everyday lives,” Lam said. He noted GraphCast’s potential vital importance amid increasingly destroying events resulting from climate breakdown. “Predicting extreme temperatures is of growing importance in our warming world, ” Lam continued. “GraphCast can characterize when the heat is set to rise above the historical top temperatures for any given location on Earth. This is particularly useful in anticipating heat waves，disruptive and dangerous events that are becoming increasingly common. ” 9. What is special about GraphCast? A. It is time-honored. B. It is fast and accurate. C. It is numerical and reliable. D. It is based on atmospheric data. 10. Which is the key to the success of GraphCast? A. NWP. B. DPMD. C. HRES. D. TPU. 11. How does the author mainly develop the text? A. By making comparisons. B. By analyzing related data. C. By quoting an expert’s words. D. By describing study processes. 12. What is Lam’s attitude towards GraphCast? A. Uncertain. B. Indifferent. C. Positive. D. Cautious. 【答案】9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的人工智能十天天气预报系统GraphCast。 9. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“GraphCast, meanwhile, offers highly accurate，medium range climatic predictions in less than a minute, all through just one of Google’s AI-powered machine learning tensor processing unit(TPU)machines. During a comprehensive performance evaluation against the industry-standard NWP system—the High-Resolution Forecast(HRES)—GraphCast proved more accurate in over 90 percent of tests.”（与此同时，GraphCast仅通过一台谷歌人工智能驱动的机器学习张量处理单元(TPU)机器，就能在不到一分钟的时间内提供高度准确的中期气候预测。在针对行业标准NWP系统(高分辨率预测系统，HRES)的综合性能评估中，graphcast在90%以上的测试中证明了更高的准确性。）可知，GraphCast的特殊性在于它对天气的预测既快速又准确。故选B项。 10. 细节理解题。根据第三段“GraphCast, meanwhile, offers highly accurate, medium range climatic predictions in less than a minute, all through just one of Google’s AI-powered machine learning tensor processing unit(TPU)machines.”（与此同时，GraphCast仅通过一台谷歌人工智能驱动的机器学习张量处理单元(TPU)机器，就能在不到一分钟的时间内提供高度准确的中期气候预测。）可知，GraphCast成功的关键是TPU。故选D项。 11. 推理判断题。根据第二段“This stands in sharp contrast to what are known as numerical weather prediction(NWP)models，which traditionally use massive amounts of data concerning thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and other atmospheric sciences. All those data require intense computing power. On top of all that, NWP models are slow—taking hours for hundreds of machines within a supercomputer to produce their 10-day forecasts.”（这与所谓的数值天气预报(NWP)模式形成鲜明对比，后者传统上使用大量关于热力学、流体动力学和其他大气科学的数据。所有这些数据都需要强大的计算能力。最重要的是，NWP模型的速度很慢，需要一台超级计算机中的数百台机器花费数小时才能产生10天的预测。）及第三段“During a comprehensive performance evaluation against the industry-standard NWP system—the High-Resolution Forecast(HRES)—GraphCast proved more accurate in over 90 percent of tests. When limiting the scope to only the Earth’s troposphere，the lowest part of the atmosphere and home to most noticeable weather events，GraphCast beat HRES in an astounding 99.7 percent of test variables.”（在针对行业标准NWP系统(高分辨率预测系统，HRES)的综合性能评估中，GraphCast在90%以上的测试中证明了更高的准确性。当将范围限制在地球的对流层时，GraphCast在99.7%的测试变量中击败了HRES，对流层是大气的最低部分，也是最明显的天气事件的发生地。）可知，本文主要是将GraphCast和NWP进行对比对文章内容进行展开。故选A项。 12. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“He noted GraphCast’s potential vital importance amid increasingly destroying events resulting from climate breakdown.”（他指出，在气候崩溃导致的破坏性事件日益增多的情况下，GraphCast的潜在重要性至关重要。）可知，Lam认为 GraphCast的潜在重要性至关重要，说明他对于 GraphCast的态度是积极的。故选C项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$