小升初英语课程第6讲 情态动词（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

小升初英语课程第六讲 ——情态动词+完形填空（6）+首字母(6) 1、 【考点解读】 情态动词考点较多，知识点比较分散，考题多以单选题出现，希望考生能攻克下这部分的分数。 2、 【知识讲解】 知识点1——情态动词的概念 情态动词是表示说话人语气和情态的词情态动词表达的情态有：命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、义务、必要、能力等。 知识点2——can(could)的用法 1) 表示能力或客观可能性 Can you finish this work tonight? Man can not live without air. He could speak English before he went to school. 注意：①could 既可表示过去，也可表示现在，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用 can（即 could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。 Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （否定答语可用 No, I’m afraid not.） ②can/could/be able to can/could 没有人称变化，be able to 有时态人称变化 表示在过去某个特定情况下经过努力成功做成某事只能用 be able to，不能用 could We were able to work out the problem. 2)表示许可 Can I open the window? Could I ask you a question? I’m afraid that you can’t sit here. 3)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中） Can this be true? How can you be so careless! 4)can’t 表示不可能 No one answers the telephone. He can’t be there. It can’t be true. 知识点3——may(might)的用法 1)表示可能 He may /might be very busy now. Your mother may /might not know the truth. 注意：might 不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比 may 小，语气更不确定。 2) 表示许可、请求 May I have a look at it? You may/might not talk loudly. You may sit there. 知识点4——must/have to 的用法 1)表示必须、必要 You must be back before 8 o’clock. Must I finish this tonight? 注意：在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用 mustn’t，而用 needn’t 或 don’t have to ----Must we hand in our exercise books today? ----Yes, you must. ----No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. must 是说话人的主观看法， 而 have to 则强调客观需要。Must 只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。 I must work now. I had to work when I was your age. 2)表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句） You’re Tom’s good friend,so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 3)mustn’t 表示不许 You mustn’t smoke in the hospital. We mustn’t only think about ourselves. 知识点5——Should/ ought to 的用法 should, ought to 表示“应该”，ought to 表示义务或责任，比 should 语气重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. Ought I to tell him the truth? 知识点6——will(would) 的用法 1）表示意愿 I will do my best. She won’t let us know where she lives. 2）表示询问对方意愿 Will you please ask her to call me tomorrow? Would you like some candies? 3）Would 用于 wish 引导的宾语从句 I wish you would have a good time. 4）Would you mind+动词 ing…? 表示语气委婉的请求 Would you mind staying for another week? 知识点7——shall的用法 用于疑问句，表示征求对方意见 Shall I take a picture for you? Shall we have dinner together? 知识点8——need的用法 1)need 作情态动词 need 表示“需要”或“必须”，通常用于否定句和疑问句。 You needn’t do it again． He needn’t worry about it． Need he do this homework first？ Yes, he must./ No, he needn’t. Need they fill in the form？ 2)need 作实义动词 后接名词，动词不定式，而且有人称时态的变化 I need some water. She needs to study hard. You don’t need to worry. Do I need to put on my coat? 实义动词 情态动词 有人称时态变化 无人称时态变化 构成一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语 构成一般疑问句：Need+主语+其他成分？ Need +need+其他成分 构成否定句：need not 构成否定句：don’t/ doesn’t need need to do / need+名词 三、【典例探究】 【例题1】： ——Is that a bird? ——No. It ____ be a bird. I can see it clearly. A. may not B. can’t C. mustn’t D. can 解析：考察情态动词表推测的用法。根据题意，不可能是一只鸟，故选B，考生易错选C。 【例题2】： You _____ return the dictionary now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. don’t need D. don’t have to 解析：考察情态动词的用法，答案选D。 四、【课堂运用】 【基础】 【练习1】 Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem, so it____ be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need 【练习2】 Everyone _____ do his best to make the world safe and clean. A. can B. may C. should D. had to 【巩固】 【练习1】 The poor man needs our help, ___ he? A. need B. needn’t C. does D. doesn’t 【练习2】 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you’re got a fever. A. can B. must C. could D. would 【拔高】 【练习1】 They had to walk here, ___ they? A. mustn’t B. did C. didn’t D. hadn’t 【练习2】 Let’s go to the library this afternoon, _____? A. shall we B. will we C. can we D. should we 5、 【课后巩固】 【习题1】 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must 【习题2】 I can’t find the teacher anywhere. Where _____ he be? A. may B. can C. should D. must 【习题3】 ______ I use your bike？ ---Certainly. Here is the key. A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. Does 6、 【完形填空】 One will feel happy when others flatter( 奉承) him in his face. It is said that the best way of flattering someone is to give him a “top hat”___1___ . 　　A student was going to leave the capital to become___2___ official(官员) in a city far away. Before he started, he came to say ___3___ to his teacher. 　　“It is ___4___ job to be a good official.” his teacher said. “ you must be strict ___5___yourself and never be careless.” 　　“Don’t worry about me, sir.” The student answered. “I have already ___6___one hundred top hats, which will ___7___those people quite happy.” 　　“But we are really gentlemen! ___8___could a real gentleman do such a thing” his teacher was a bit ___9___ . “Never forget ___10___ I taught you in class!” 　　“ ___11___ are always right, sir I also hate such things. But, sir,___12___ no one really gentleman like you can be seen in the world now.” said the student. It seemed that he had to do so. 　　After hearing this , the teacher was ___13___ . “What you said is true!” 　　“I have ___14___one top hat already. Now I have ninety-nine ___15___ .” the student said to his friend later on when he asked the student what he had talked with the teacher about. 　　1. A. to put on B. putting on C. wearing D to wear 　　2. A. a B . the C. an D. / 　　3. A. hello B. good bye C. OK D. thanks 　　4. A. not an easy B. not easy C. a good D. difficult 　　5. A. about B. with C. from D. to 　　6. A. made B. Bought C. prepared D. repaired 　　7. A. give B. let C. keep D. make 　　8. A. How B. What C. Why D. When 　　9. A. anger B. angry C. angrily D. angrily 　　10. A. that B. how C. why D. what 　　11.A. You B. We C. They D. Us 　　12. A. hardly B. about C. almost D. nearly 　　13. A. disappointed B. pleased C. angry D. sorry 　　14. A. sent out B. bought C. sold D. borrowed 15. A. left B. already C. yet D. else 这是一则幽默，说明许多人都喜欢听奉承话，有的人自以为清高，其实也被戴上“高帽子”, 而自己却不知道。 1. D。 wear 表示状态， put on 表示动作。根据结构give sb. sth. to do可知D为正确选项。 　　2. D。 　　3. B。 因为要去另一个城市工作了, 故向他的老师道别。 　　4. A。 想做一个好官员, 应该说是不容易的。 　　5. B。 be strict with sb 意为“对某人严格要求”。 　　6. C。 准备了一百个高帽子，其实就是奉承的好话，而不是做或是买了许多高帽子。 　　7. D。 make sb. happy意为“使某人高兴”。 　　8. A。 　　9. B。 这里应该用形容词，表示老师听了他的话有点生气。 　　10. D。 由what 引导宾语从句，表示不要忘了老师教过的事。 　　11. A。 You are right表示赞同老师说的话。 　　12. C。 当出现 no, nothing nobody 等一系列否定词的时候，只能用almost 不能用 nearly。 　　13. B。 听了奉承话以后, 他很高兴。 　　14. A。 表示送出了一顶, 而不是买或者卖，与上文相呼应。 　　15. A。 left 这里表示“剩下的, 剩余的”。 7、 【首字母】    In recent years, playing kite-board seems to become more and more popular in Alaska in America. It is a new and old game. The game has w____1___ the interest of many young people. The game is interesting but a little d ____2___ One needs to play it very c____3___ A kite-board is in fact a skateboard（滑雪板）drawn（拉）by a few big flying kites. The old game was p____4___ by some young people in Holland and Spain as e____5__as the last century. Since the board was hard to control（控制）,f____6___ people dared（敢）to play it. With the development of the design（设计）of kite and skateboard, many people can l____7___how to play it. A kite board may go as f____8___ as about 50 kilometres an hour. If you haven’t had any practice, you’d better not play it. It is not s____9___ It is said that the game can exercise not only your b____10___but also the sensitivity of your brain（大脑的敏捷）. Keys： 1. won 2. difficult/dangerous 3. carefully 4. played 5. early 6. few 7. learn 8. fast 9. safe 10. body 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$