小升初英语课程第4讲 形容词和副词（讲义）-2023-2024学年译林版（三起）英语六年级下册

小升初英语课程第四讲 ——形容词、副词+完形填空（4）+首字母(4) 1、 【考点解读】 形容词的考点如下：a. 作定语(前置、后置)b. 作表语c. 作宾语补语d. 比较级和最高级的构成和用法；副词的考点如下：a. 用法b. 位置c. 比较级和最高级的构成和用法 试题多以选择题出现，小升初试卷中也会以词性转化的形式出题，属于必考点也是重难点，需要学生重点掌握。 2、 【知识讲解】 知识点1——形容词的概念 修饰、限制名词或代词的词称为形容词。例：a tall boy 知识点2——形容词的用法 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语） We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语） 1)形容词后置 修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词时，形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film？ 当形容词后面加介词短语一起修饰名词。 Hs grandpa is a scientist devoted to his research. 与数词短语+away/ long/ wide/ high/ deep/ old 等连用 The street is about 20 meters wide. 2)连系动词：be, become, go, get, come, turn, grow, look, sound, taste, smell, feel 等，后面 要加形容词。 It became cloudy in the afternoon. It sounds good. 3)作表语的形容词 以 a 为首的部分形容词的用法（afraid, alike, alive, awake, aware, asleep, alone 等） The boy was asleep in the sofa. I am afraid of being alone. 表示身体、心里状态的形容词 I’m not feeling well today, so I want to ask for leave. I’m glad you like it. 4)–ing 结尾的形容词和-ed 结尾的形容词 -ing 结尾的形容词：主动意义，修饰物，令人…的 -ed 结尾的形容词：被动意义，修饰人，感到…的 The film is interesting. I am interested in this film. 知识点3——形容词修饰名词的排列顺序 限定词（冠词，代词，所有格，数量词等）＋性质＋尺寸＋形状＋年龄＋颜色＋产地＋材料＋用途＋名词，例如： Grandpa’s small brown desk / a heavy metal box / a big glass bottle 知识点4——形容词比较级和最高级的构成 大多数形容词的比较级和最高级是采用在词尾加-er 和-est 的形式，或在单词前加 more 和 most构成。 1) 单音节词： 单词形式 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级 一般形式 词尾加-er 和-est small smaller smallest 以 e 结尾的词 词尾只加-r 和-st brave braver bravest 以一个元音+辅音结 双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 big bigger biggest 尾的词 -er 和-est 2) 双音节词： a)以-y 结尾的双音节形容词，要先把 y 变为 i, 再加-er 和-est. 如 pretty – prettier- prettiest heavy-heavier-heaviest b)其他绝大多数的双音节词是在词前加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。如： clever-more clever-the most clever gentle-more gentle-the most gentle 注意：在英文中，几乎所有的双音节形容词，除了以-y 结尾的词外，都可以加 more 和 the most 来构成比较级和最高级。 3）多音节词三个或更多音节的词都是在其前加 more 和 the most 构成比较级和最高级的。如： interesting- more interesting- the most interesting 4) 特殊形式的比较级和最高级： 英文中有些形容词的比较级和最高级的变化是不规则的。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest little less least many/much more most late later/latter latest 知识点5——形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法 1）形容词原级的用法原级用于两者同级的比较。 肯定句：A+动词+as+原级+as+B Tom is as tall as Jim. 否定句：A+动词+not as (so) +原级+as+ B Tom is not so tall as Jim. 疑问句：Be+A+as+原级+as+B? Is Tom as tall as Jim? 2）形容词的比较级的用法分别以下列形式出现在句子当中： 比较级+than… Lucy is older than me. more and more… She is more and more beautiful. The more(越） …, the more （越）… The more you eat,the fatter you will be. 在形容词的比较级前面可以用 much, even,或 a little 等修饰 例：Lucy’s dress is much cheaper than yours. 3）形容词最高级的用法 形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较, 其结构形式为: 主语+谓语(系动词)+the+形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句(of / in) 注意：in+范围，场所 of +复数 （与主语同一类的人或事物） He is the tallest boy in our class. Lucy is the youngest girl of the three girls. 4) 比较级和最高级的相互转化。 Lucy is the thinnest girl in the class.同义句：Lucy is thinner than any other girl in the class. 知识点6——副词的概念 在句子中表示时间、地点、程度、方式等行为或状态特征的词称为副词。 知识点7——副词的构成 1) 本身是副词：here, already, now, always… 2) 形容词变副词：+ly quickly, happily… 注意：并非所有-ly 结尾的单词都是副词，比如：lovely, friendly, orderly, silly, lonely 等词就是形容词。 3) 与形容词同形 He writes very fast.(副词) It’s a fast train.(形容词) 注：以下以-ly 结尾的形容词不要误认为是副词。例如： lovely friendly ugly lonely silly 知识点8——副词的种类 时间副词：now, then, today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight, ago,soon, immediately 等 频度副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never 等 疑问副词：where, when, why, how 等 知识点9——副词的用法 1)副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语） Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 2)常见副词搭配 3)enough 的用法 放在名词前，表示“足够的…”The girl had enough money to buy the book. 放在形容词和副词之后Is it warm enough for you? She is old enough to go to school. 4)very 的用法 very 修饰形容词和副词，而 very much 修饰动词，放动词后面 He is very lucky. We like our school very much. 5)hardly 的用法 意为“几乎不，几乎没有”，不能与否定词连用We could hardly believe our eyes. hardly 放句首，句子要倒装，通常用过去完成时Hardly had the sports meeting begun when it started to rain hard. 6)no的用法 no 后可直接名词，not 必须和 a, any, all, much, many, enough 连用加名词。 Jack has no bike=Jack has not any bike. This idea is not good. 这个主意不好。 This idea is no good. 这个主意没什么用处。 知识点10——多个副词或副词短语作状语时的排列顺序 状态/频度＋地点＋方式＋频率＋时间 He usually went home by bus every Friday. 知识点11——副词比较级和最高级的构成 副词的比较级和最高级是采用单音节在词尾加-er 和-est 的形式，以-ly 结尾的副词前加 more 和 most 构成。 三、【典例探究】 【例题1】： Mike is as ______as Tom. A. more careful B. careful C. the most careful D. carefully 解析：as...as...用原级，系动词后加形容词，故选B。 【例题2】： Can you keep the room_____? It’s cold outside. A. cold B. coldly C. warm D. warmly 解析：根据句意选C，保持房间温暖，形容词做宾语补足语。 四、【课堂运用】 【基础】 【练习1】 Who sings the English song_____ in your class? A. well B. better C. best D. top 【练习2】 How _____they are writing! A. carefully B. careless C. care D. careful 【巩固】 【练习1】 Mobile phones are very popular now and they are ______ than before. A. cheap B. cheaper C. cheapest D. the cheapest 【练习2】 — Whose picture is better, Jack’s or Tom’s? — Both of them are good. I think Jack draws______ Tom. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than 【拔高】 【练习1】 —Why didn’t you enjoy the talk? —It was ________talk that I had ever heard． A．the most interesting B．the least interesting C．more interesting D．1ess interesting 【练习2】 _____people have visited that exhibition. A. Hundreds B.Five hundred C.Five hundreds D. Five hundreds of 5、 【课后巩固】 【习题1】 The population of Tianjin is __________ than that of Shanghai. A larger B less C smaller D fewer 【习题2】 He speaks English ______ an American, so we all believe that he has stayed in America for many years. A.as good as B.worse than C.as badly as D.as well as 【习题3】 It’s raining _________. We have to stay at home instead of going fishing . A badly B hardly C heavily D strongly 6、 【完形填空】 Rosa liked making up stories. She was so __1__ that her classmates believed her from time to time. In fact, the whole class believed her! At first she supposed it was __2__. Now, as she got up to __3__ before the class, She knew that make –believe stories had some way of coming back to make you sad. Rosa’s parents were separated. Nine months out of the year, Rosa lived with her mother in an apartment on Anderson Street. But when summer __4__, she went to her father’s farm in Arizona. The farm was great! Rosa rode horses and __5__ with some farm work. Her father, however, was so __6__ that he couldn’t find time to go places with her. When she arrived each summer, her father would __7__ her at the airport and take her out to eat. And the day she went back to the __8__ he would always buy her a present. When summer came to a close, Rosa __9__ to her mother. At school she heard lots of stories her friends told about their family trips. Rosa wished she had a __10__ to talk about. Not long after __11__ began, Rosa was looking through travel magazines in the school library. They talked about many exciting __12__, like England and Germany. When Rosa’s friends asked what she had done that summer, she made up something that was not __13__. Remembering the travel magazines she had looked at, she told her classmates that she and her father had gone to __14__. When the class began studying England, Mr. Thomas asked Rosa to tell all the things she could __15__ about her trip to England! 1. A. afraid B. worried C. sure D. happy 2. A. joke B. fun C. turn D. game 3. A. talk B. teach C. show D. travel 4. A. passed B. arrived C. lasted D. changed 5. A. made B. played C. helped D. did 6. A. weak B. pleased C. busy D. lonely 7. A. show B. visit C. meet D. send 8. A. farm B. city C. family D. school 9. A. wrote B. called C. moved D. returned 10. A. family B. school C. teacher D. farm 11. A. meeting B. school C. summer D. talk 12. A. people B. cities C. languages D. places 13. A interesting B. true C. long D. same 14. A. England B. Germany C. farm D. home 15. A. think B. see C. remember D. read 解析：本文讲述了父母已离异的罗莎喜欢编谎言骗人，从中获得乐趣。暑假过后其他同学都在谈假期中的家庭旅游时，罗莎只得自欺欺人，骗大家说她与爸爸去了英国。结果上课时，老师让她谈英国的情况时，她无话可说了。 1. C。罗莎的谎言经常让同学们信以为真，说明她骗人时自信心强，把握大。故选择sure.。 　　2. B。与下文罗莎自欺欺人相对应，一开始她认为骗人是件快乐的事，故选择fun。 　　3. A。根据文意，经过这件事后她意识到骗人其实就是骗自己，这种意识在平时与大伙交谈时更为强烈，故选talk。 　　4. B。夏天到时，罗莎就会到爸爸农场去度假，故选arrive。 　　5. C。help with sth. 意为“帮助干些事情”。 　　6. C。爸爸没时间陪她去其它地方游玩，说明爸爸很忙，故选busy。 　　7. C。这里meet表示爸爸去机场接她。 　　8. B。在农场度假结束后，罗莎应返回城里，故选city. 　　9. D。根据文意暑假结束了，罗莎要返回到妈妈身边。故选 returned. 　　10. A。与上文相对应，她的朋友都在谈假期与家人的旅游，罗莎因此希望拥有一个完整的家庭。 　　11. B。假期结束了，新学期又开始了，且下文讲到了学校里的事情，故选school。 　　12. D。下文的例子既不是城市也不是人或语言而是两个国家，只有选places。 　　13. B。别人问起她夏天的旅游情况时，她只有编织一些不真实的事情骗大家，故选true。 　　14. A。下文老师让她讲在英国旅行的情况，说明她骗大家去了英国，故选England。 　　15. C。老师让罗莎对过去的事情进行回忆并讲述，故选remember。 7、 【首字母】   In China if you are seven,you have to go to school,At school you learn different1.s_______. 2.S__________is one of them.We have three science classes a 3.w_______.They are on 4.T______, 5.W _______and Friday. We can learn a 6.l__________in science classes.Mr.Jin is our science teacher.he wasn't born here. He is from another big 7. c_____named HaiKou.He is a 8.b____ teacher before.he knows much about plants.For 9.e_____,when is the best time  to water flowers.He is very strict(严厉的)  with us .After science classes,we are so 10.t________. Keys： 1.subjects 2.Science 3.week 4.Tuesday  5.Wednesday 6. lot 7.city 8. biology 9. example 10.tired 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$