专题12 定语从句（讲案）-2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通（江苏专用）

2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通（江苏专用） 专题12 定语从句(讲义) 目录 01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点一 必备基础知识----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点二 重难点知识-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 关系代词引导的定语从句----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 关系副词引导的定语从句----------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 “介词＋关系代词”引导的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 as，which引导的定语从句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 way和time后接的定语从句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 专题12 定语从句(讲义) 01 考情分析 考情分析：分析2021-2024年新高考有关定语从句的考向分布。 考点 题型 定语从句 语法填空 2024 试卷类型 定语从句 考点 2024·新高考I卷 which/that 关系代词 2024新课标II卷 who 关系代词 2024年1月浙江高考真题 that/which 关系代词 2023 2023·全国乙卷 that/whcih 关系代词 2023·全国甲卷 as 非限定性定语从句 2023·全国甲卷 that/who 关系代词 2022 2022·新高考I卷 where 关系副词 2022·全国甲卷 who 非限定性定语从句 2022年浙江1月 that/who 关系代词 2021 2021新课标II卷 that/which 关系代词 02 知识概览 03 必备知识 必备基础知识： 在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 A. 先行词 + 连词（关系代词）+ 陈述句 who 【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom 【先行词为人。宾语。】 that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which 【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】 B. 地方 + where(状语) + 陈述句 【where = at/on/in which】 时间 + when(状语) + 陈述句 【when = at/on/in which】 C. 先行词（物/人） + whose + 名词 … whose: 某人的/某物的 D. 先行词(人) + 介词 + whom + 陈述句 先行词(物) + 介词 + which + 陈述句 重难点知识： 考点1关系代词引导的定语从句 【真题分析】 1.（2024·新高考I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 2.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 　　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.   2. [2021·浙江1月]They’re the only thing _______ looks like human language in that respect. 3.[2019·上海卷]The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother, _______ is a rare phenomenon in nature. 4.[2019·上海卷]For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, ________ information is listed above. 【方法指导】 1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 3．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。 4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。 5．下列情况只用that不用which： ①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·甘肃省白银市高三上学期联考一模）Originating in ancient China, the Chinese knot is a decorative art form, involves tying silk strings into various patterns. It is believed to have been created during the Tang and Song dynasties. 2.（2024·河北省保定市保定市部分高中期中）The fruit has a soft, fleshy and yellow-brown outer layer is attractive in appearance. 3.（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）At the beginning of every semester, schools present the courses students can choose from. The courses are very popular because they create chances for students to participate in various activities. 4.（2024·江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is most popular, 5.（2024·湖北省宜荆荆随10月联考）It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of have suffered damage to their original binding. 考点2关系副词引导的定语从句 【真题分析】 1.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 　　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【方法指导】 1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。 2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·广西南宁市高三一模）The painting vividly displays the scene Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty received a team from Tibetan Tubo Kingdom in 641. 2.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研）However, he could not forget about an earlier time ________ his village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem. 考点3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的 【真题分析】 1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 2.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back and see more clearly my own language. A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which 【方法指导】 1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 2．该结构中介词的选用 (1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手： ①先行词的意义； ②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配； ③句子的意思。 (2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构： ①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 ②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。 (3)有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·江苏省常州市八校联合调研） Beside scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during ______ they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth. 2.（2024·湖南省部分校高三试题）Why do young Chinese people prefer naked marriage nowadays? There may be lots of reasons, two of overweigh the others. 3.（2024·湖南省三湘创新发展联合体高三试题）The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters, in _ Sun stresses the importance of positioning in military strategy and flexibility in responding to ever-changing situations on the battlefield. 考点4 as，which引导的定语从句 【真题分析】 1.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.  2.（2023·江苏省无锡市）If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, _______can create an always available, or "always-on” environment. 【方法指南】 1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 2．as常用在下列习惯用语中： as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 3．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。 4．“such/so...that...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so...as...”表示“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 5．“the same...that...”表示同一个人或物，而“the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·江苏省连云港外国语学校高三试题）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,_______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 2.（2024·江苏省镇江市高三试题）The story of the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the master of romantic poetry Li Bai offers a glimpse into the star-studded history of the Tang era,_________ is often seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to its economic prosperity and cultural integration and advancement. 考点5　way和time后接的定语从句 ①What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 ②The way　he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 ③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation. 你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。 ④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject. 曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。 【方法指南】 1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2．先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 【关键能力】 定语从句与语法填空 定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。 【及时训练】 在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词 1． But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter... 2． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks. 3． Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 4． I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 5． The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 6． The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 7． As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 04 关键能力 [应对策略] 一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。 ◆书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 (一)定语从句意识缺失 1．关系代词被普通代词取代 (误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite. (正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite. 2．关系代词遗漏 (误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows. (正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows. 第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。 (二)假冒伪劣的定语从句 1．有从无主式 (误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_variety_of_hobbies. 笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。 2．从句成分残缺式 (误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. (正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. 第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。 3．画蛇添足式 (误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents. (误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite. 第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。 第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。 第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。 2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识 【考例分析】 （2024·江西省新八校高二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As with any other cuisine, appearance, smell and taste are extremely important in enjoying Chinese food. Besides these basic elements, however, there is something unique 1 Chinese cuisine. One of them is the importance of texture (口感). The Chinese appreciate a far 2 (wide) range of textures in their food than most Westerners, 3 (include), for example, slippery, chewy and bouncy textures. Chinese people enjoy using their teeth and tongue to feel food, such as chicken feet and duck tongues. If you want to deepen your 4 (appreciate) of Chinese food, it 5 (recommend) that you order some chicken feet to appreciate what your teeth and tongue are doing while you eat them. Another element of Chinese cuisine is the art of cutting. So you might like to consider the way that the ingredients are cut 6 how this affects the way they look on the plate. If your meal has been ordered by a Chinese person or someone else who is knowledgeable about the food, you might also notice that there is 7 (probable) a soup that is intended to provide 8 pleasing contrast to the more strongly flavoured dishes. You might also notice that there is at least one lightly flavoured vegetable dish, 9 will help to create a balance d meal that will leave you 10 (relax) afterwards. ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高考英语一轮复习点点通（江苏专用） 专题12 定语从句(讲义) 目录 01 考情分析 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 02 知识概览-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 03 必备知识-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点一 必备基础知识----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 考点二 重难点知识-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 关系代词引导的定语从句----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 关系代词引导的定语从句----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 “介词＋关系代词”引导的---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 as，which引导的定语从句--------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 way和time后接的定语从句-------------------------------------------------------------------------------9 04 关键能力-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 专题12 定语从句(讲义) 01 考情分析 考情分析：分析2021-2024年新高考有关定语从句的考向分布。 考点 题型 定语从句 语法填空 2024 试卷类型 定语从句 考点 2024·新高考I卷 which/that 关系代词 2024新课标II卷 who 关系代词 2024年1月浙江高考真题 that/which 关系代词 2023 2023·全国乙卷 that/whcih 关系代词 2023·全国甲卷 as 非限定性定语从句 2023·全国甲卷 that/who 关系代词 2022 2022·新高考I卷 where 关系副词 2022·全国甲卷 who 非限定性定语从句 2022年浙江1月 that/who 关系代词 2021 2021新课标II卷 that/which 关系代词 02 知识概览 03 必备知识 必备基础知识： 在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 A. 先行词 + 连词（关系代词）+ 陈述句 who 【先行词为人。主语、宾语。】whom 【先行词为人。宾语。】 that【先行词为物/人。主语、宾语。】which 【先行词为物。主语、宾语。】 B. 地方 + where(状语) + 陈述句 【where = at/on/in which】 时间 + when(状语) + 陈述句 【when = at/on/in which】 C. 先行词（物/人） + whose + 名词 … whose: 某人的/某物的 D. 先行词(人) + 介词 + whom + 陈述句 先行词(物) + 介词 + which + 陈述句 重难点知识： 考点1关系代词引导的定语从句 【真题分析】 1.（2024·新高考I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2.（2023·全国乙卷）But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 　　　　　　 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.   【答案】which/that　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:除了它所有的古老建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并立。本空引导定语从句,修饰名词place,本空在从句中作主语、指物,故应用关系代词which或that。 2. [2021·浙江1月]They’re the only thing _______ looks like human language in that respect. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西。此处先行词是thing被the only修饰，且在定语从句中作主语，故填that。 3.[2019·上海卷]The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother, _______ is a rare phenomenon in nature. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处which代替前面整个句子的内容，无固定的先行词。故填which。 4.[2019·上海卷]For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, ________ information is listed above. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。为了进一步了解我们项目的消息，请访问我们的网站或联系我们的Undergraduate Chair，它的信息在上面被列出。此处先行词是Undergraduate Chair，其和后面的information是所属关系，故填whose。 【方法指导】 1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。 2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。 3．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。 4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外，which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。 5．下列情况只用that不用which： ①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词； ②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·甘肃省白银市高三上学期联考一模）Originating in ancient China, the Chinese knot is a decorative art form, involves tying silk strings into various patterns. It is believed to have been created during the Tang and Song dynasties. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国结起源于中国古代，是一种装饰艺术形式，包括将丝线打结成各种图案。分析句子结构，这是一个包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，先行词为：the Chinese knot，因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用关系代词which引导定语从句，故填which。 2.（2024·河北省保定市保定市部分高中期中）The fruit has a soft, fleshy and yellow-brown outer layer is attractive in appearance. 【答案】which或that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：果实有柔软、肉质、黄棕色的外层，外观诱人。分析句子结构，空处引导一个定语从句，指代先行词outer layer，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which或that引导。故填which或that。 3.（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）At the beginning of every semester, schools present the courses students can choose from. The courses are very popular because they create chances for students to participate in various activities. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在每学期开始时，学校都会提供学生可以选择的课程。这些课程非常受欢迎，因为它们为学生提供了参加各种活动的机会。空处引导定语从句，先行词是courses，关系词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导，故填that/which。 4.（2024·江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中阶段性联考） There are many different types of quyi-performance in China, such as comic dialogues, degu, pingshu and shuanghuang, among the crosstalk is most popular, 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在中国有许多不同类型的曲艺表演，如相声、德鼓、评书和双簧，其中最受欢迎的是相声。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词types，作介词的宾语，指物，故填which。 5.（2024·湖北省宜荆荆随10月联考）It took them six months to decide on how to restore the books, most of have suffered damage to their original binding. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们花了六个月的时间来决定如何修复这些书，其中大部分书的原始装订都遭到了破坏。分析句子可知，空处和most of搭配，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词books作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作of的宾语，因此应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。 考点2关系副词引导的定语从句 【真题分析】 1.（2023·全国甲卷）Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 　　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在那里所有的生命似乎都享受着和周围环境的和平共处。此处是where引导的定语从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。 【方法指导】 1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。 2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·广西南宁市高三一模）The painting vividly displays the scene Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty received a team from Tibetan Tubo Kingdom in 641. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这幅画生动地描绘了公元641年唐太宗接见来自西藏吐蕃王国的队伍时的情景。本句为定语从句，先行词“scene”为表示地点的名词，用 where引导定语从句。故填where。 2.（2023·江苏省徐州市第七中学学情调研）However, he could not forget about an earlier time ________ his village had been struggling with a serious air quality problem. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，他不能忘记，早年间村庄一直在努力应付着严重的空气质量问题。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是time，指时间；从句主语是his village，从句谓语是had been struggling with，从句宾语是a serious air quality problem，则设空处应填when，充当从句时间状语。故填when。 考点3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的 【真题分析】 1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can learn without repeating them. A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：威廉·哈斯蒂曾经说过，历史会告诉我们过去的错误，我们可以从中学习避免重复犯错。分析句子可知，past mistakes为现行词，_____ we can learn without repeating them.为定语从句，从句中谓语动词can learn可知，要从过去的错误中学习，learn from“从……中学习”，可知应用from which引导定语从句。故选A。 2.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back and see more clearly my own language. A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我可以回顾并且更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行词door做through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which，by表示方式，on“在……上面”不符合句意，故选B。 【方法指导】 1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 2．该结构中介词的选用 (1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手： ①先行词的意义； ②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配； ③句子的意思。 (2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构： ①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 ②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。 (3)有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·江苏省常州市八校联合调研） Beside scientific missions, the crew also gave two live science lectures from the space station, during ______ they conducted various experiments and answered questions from students watching the class on Earth. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了科学任务，宇航员还在空间站上进行了两次现场科学讲座，期间他们进行了各种实验，并回答了在地球上观看课堂的学生的问题。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词lectures，从句中作介词during的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 2.（2024·湖南省部分校高三试题）Why do young Chinese people prefer naked marriage nowadays? There may be lots of reasons, two of overweigh the others. 【答案】 which 【解析】考查定语从句中。句意：可能有很多原因，其中两个比其他的更重要。先行词lots of reasons在非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，指事，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 3.（2024·湖南省三湘创新发展联合体高三试题）The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters, in _ Sun stresses the importance of positioning in military strategy and flexibility in responding to ever-changing situations on the battlefield. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《孙子兵法》共分13章，在这些章节中，孙强调了军事战略中的定位和灵活应对战场上不断变化的情况的重要性。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词13 chapters指物，在定语从句中作介词in的宾语，需用which引导。故填which。 考点4 as，which引导的定语从句 【真题分析】 1.（2023·全国甲卷）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.  【答案】as　 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。 2.（2023·江苏省无锡市）If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, _______can create an always available, or "always-on” environment. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：如果你团队里的每个人都在不同的时间工作，你可能会全天一直收到邮件和信息，这就能营造出一种一直在线的环境。在非限制性定语从句中，缺少主语，且代指前面一整句话，故用which。 【方法指南】 1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。 2．as常用在下列习惯用语中： as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。 3．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。 4．“such/so...that...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so...as...”表示“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。 5．“the same...that...”表示同一个人或物，而“the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物。 【及时训练】 1.（2024·江苏省连云港外国语学校高三试题）Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,_______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 2.（2024·江苏省镇江市高三试题）The story of the deep friendship between poet Gao Shi and the master of romantic poetry Li Bai offers a glimpse into the star-studded history of the Tang era,_________ is often seen as a golden age in Chinese history due to its economic prosperity and cultural integration and advancement. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：诗人高适和浪漫主义诗歌大师李白之间深厚友谊的故事，让我们得以一窥唐代星光熠熠的历史。由于经济繁荣、文化融合和进步，唐朝通常被视为中国历史上的黄金时代。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Tang era，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该定语从句。故填which。 考点5　way和time后接的定语从句 ①What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 ②The way　he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 ③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation. 你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。 ④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour，one day a week，testing pupils in every subject. 曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。 【方法指南】 1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 2．先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 【关键能力】 定语从句与语法填空 定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。 【及时训练】 在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词 1． But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter... 2． Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks. 3． Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved. 4． I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. 5． The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work. 6． The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us. 7． As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent. 答案：1.when　2.who　3.which　4.that/which5．where　6.whose　7.when 04 关键能力 [应对策略] 一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。 ◆书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦 (一)定语从句意识缺失 1．关系代词被普通代词取代 (误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite. (正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite. 2．关系代词遗漏 (误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows. (正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows. 第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。 (二)假冒伪劣的定语从句 1．有从无主式 (误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates. (正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_variety_of_hobbies. 笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。 2．从句成分残缺式 (误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. (正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city. 第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。介词against不能单独作谓语。 3．画蛇添足式 (误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents. (误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily. (误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite. 第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。所以，应去掉that。 第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。 第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。 2.在语篇中灵活运用冠词相关知识 【考例分析】 （2024·江西省新八校高二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As with any other cuisine, appearance, smell and taste are extremely important in enjoying Chinese food. Besides these basic elements, however, there is something unique 1 Chinese cuisine. One of them is the importance of texture (口感). The Chinese appreciate a far 2 (wide) range of textures in their food than most Westerners, 3 (include), for example, slippery, chewy and bouncy textures. Chinese people enjoy using their teeth and tongue to feel food, such as chicken feet and duck tongues. If you want to deepen your 4 (appreciate) of Chinese food, it 5 (recommend) that you order some chicken feet to appreciate what your teeth and tongue are doing while you eat them. Another element of Chinese cuisine is the art of cutting. So you might like to consider the way that the ingredients are cut 6 how this affects the way they look on the plate. If your meal has been ordered by a Chinese person or someone else who is knowledgeable about the food, you might also notice that there is 7 (probable) a soup that is intended to provide 8 pleasing contrast to the more strongly flavoured dishes. You might also notice that there is at least one lightly flavoured vegetable dish, 9 will help to create a balance d meal that will leave you 10 (relax) afterwards. 【答案】 1．to 2．wider 3．including 4．appreciation 5．is recommended 6．and 7．probably 8．a 9．which 10．relaxed 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了享受中国美食时独特的几个要素，包括对食物口感的重视、切割技艺以及菜品搭配的平衡。 1．考查介词。句意：然而，除了这些基本元素之外，中国菜还有一些独特之处。be unique to“对……来说是独特的”，为固定短语。故填 to。 2．考查形容词的比较级。句意：中国人比大多数西方人更欣赏食物中广泛多样的口感，比如滑溜、耐嚼和弹牙的口感。根据空后的than可知，这里需要用形容词wide的比较级形式wider，来修饰名词range，表示“更广泛的”。故填 wider。 3．考查介词。句意：中国人比大多数西方人更欣赏食物中广泛多样的口感，包括例如滑腻、有嚼劲和弹性的口感。including为介词，表示“包括”，和后面的名词构成介宾短语，在句中作状语。故填 including。 4．考查名词。句意：如果你想加深对中国菜的理解，建议你点一些鸡爪来体会吃它们时你的牙齿和舌头在做什么。空前是形容词性物主代词your，后应接名词，appreciate的名词形式为appreciation“欣赏，理解”，为不可数名词，故填 appreciation。 5．考查时态语态。句意：建议你点一些鸡爪来体会吃它们时你的牙齿和舌头在做什么。本句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，空处为句子的谓语动词，主语与recommend之间是被动关系，且该句话描述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，主语it是单数。故填 is recommended。 6．考查连词。句意：所以你可能会考虑食材的切法以及这如何影响它们在盘子上的外观。这里需要一个并列连词连接“the way that the ingredients are cut”和“how this affects the way they look on the plate”这两部分，前后为并列关系，所以用并列连词and连接。故填 and。 7．考查副词。句意：如果你的餐食是由中国人或其他了解这种食物的人点的，你也可能注意到可能有一道汤，旨在为味道更重的菜肴提供一种令人愉悦的对比。此处需要副词修饰整个句子，表示“可能地”。故填 probably。 8．考查冠词。句意：如果你的餐食是由中国人或其他了解这种食物的人点的，你也可能注意到可能有一道汤，旨在为味道更重的菜肴提供一种令人愉悦的对比。contrast可作可数名词“对比”，这里需要不定冠词a，表示泛指，指“一种令人愉悦的对比”，pleasing以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填 a。 9．考查定语从句引导词。句意：你可能还会注意到至少有一道口味较轻的蔬菜菜肴，这将有助于创造一顿均衡的餐食，让你之后感到放松。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是one lightly flavoured vegetable dish，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填 which。 10．考查形容词。句意：你可能还会注意到至少有一道口味较轻的蔬菜菜肴，这将有助于创造一顿均衡的餐食，让你之后感到放松。空处需要形容词作宾补，表示人的感受，意为“让你之后感到放松”，relaxed“放松的”，这个词通常用来描述人的情绪状态或身体状态。故填 relaxed。 ( 58 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$