语法基础（九）定语从句 课件 2025届高考英语一轮复习

定语从句 定语从句概述 ， 写作 ， 阅读&翻译 漂亮的（让我面红 ）的可爱女人 温柔的（让我心疼 ）的可爱女人 透明的（让我感动 ）的可爱女人 坏坏的（让我疯狂 ）的可爱女人 结论： 定语从句就是帮 助名词把范围定下来 定语从句作用 3 【写法推到】漂亮的让我面红的可爱女人 this is a beautiful cute woman awomanmakes me blush 2 . 1 (去掉） this is a beautiful cute woman makes me blush 【例子】 ①happy people would be more forward-thinking（有远见的 adj） and creative（独创性的） and ②lean（ v 倾向于） towards R& D more than the average. . . . . . (2016） （省掉部分不仅仅内容相同 ， 同时在 句中充当成分也一致） 2 . 2 （替换） this is a beautiful cute woman who makes me blush 【整合】 this is a beautiful cute woman who makes me blush（漂亮的让我面红的可爱女人） 【定语位置】 1.中英差异： 中心词 中文 ： 定语从句放在中心词前 （漂亮的让我面红的可爱女人） 英文 ： 定语从句放在中心词后 （ a used car ； a car used in the factory by my father for 2 years） 4 定语写法推倒+位置 二.先行词和连接词之间关系（语义一样 ，形式不一样） a beautiful cute woman a woman makes me blush who 替 换woman 所以 ：先行词=连接词 先行词=连接词 ，都在从句中充当一定成分 总结： 定语从句连接词的作用： 1. 引导从句 2 .【前看】 连接词=先行词 3 .【后看】在从句中替代先行词 一 .什么是先行词和连接词 a beautiful cute woman who makes me blush 定语从句主要成分概述（先行词+连接词+从句） 先行词 连接词 5 相同点 不同点 例子 名词性从句 1 . 从句都有连接词 2 . 连接词代表从句的 开始 3 . 连接词在从句中充 当成分（除that连接 名词性从句以外） 1 . 没有先行词 2 .允许从句什么都不 缺 ，连接词that 【that】 That the seas are being overfished（过 度 捕 捞 ） has been known for years 【宾语从句】 I like who makes me blush. (缺啥往后看） 定语从句 1. 有先行词 ， 直接告 诉你从句缺啥； 2 .定语从句 ，从句里 一定是缺成分 ，定语 从句引导词用that都 是从句中缺成分的 ， 可以缺人/物 【先行词】 this is a beautiful cute woman who makes me blush（缺啥往前 看） 【that =人】 this is a beautiful cute woman that makes me blush 【that=物】 this is a book that makes me happy 定语从句与名词性从句区别 6 先行词 连接词 事/物 which/that 人 who//that/whom（只有先行词在从句中做 宾语） 人/物 （表示人或物的所有关系 ，“某人的/某物的） whose 时间 when 地点 where 原因 why 定语从句连接词 7 【例1】 先写出一个简单句 例 ：这是上周五（和我一起吃饭的） 巴菲特 主句 ： this is the Warren E. Buffett（巴菲特） 简单句： I had a dinner with Warren E. Buffett last Friday 2 . 选择合适的连接词： 看两个句子重复的意群； 删掉从句中重复成分 this is the Warren E. Buffett（巴 菲特 ） who/ that/ whom I had a dinner with 【例2】重复dinner 主句 ： this was the dinner 简单句： I had a dinner with Warren E. Buffett last Friday this was the dinner which/that I had with Warren E.Buffett last Friday 【例3】重复了last Friday 主句 ： It was the last Friday 简单句： I had a dinner with Warren E. Buffett last Friday It was the last Friday when I had a dinner with Warren E.Buffett 定语从句写法步骤 last week 8 【先行词人&先行词从句中作主语】 it was me who/that had a dinner with Warren E. Buffett last Friday 【先行词人&先行词从句中作宾语】 this is the Warren E. Buffett（巴菲特） who/that/whom I had a dinner with last week [例4] 重复了I 主句： it was me 简单句： I had a dinner with Warren E. Buffett last Friday it was me who had a dinner with Warren E.Buffett last Friday 特别注意 ： 使用whom的时候需要瞻前顾后 ， 因为只有先行词 是人 ， 并且先行词在从句中充当宾语时候才能用 定语从句写法步骤 9 that:既可以指代人（作主语 =who,作宾语 =who/whom） ，也可以指代物(作主语/宾语 =which)； 在从 句中作主语、 宾语、 表语。 作宾语时可以省略。 Eg:He is the man that/who wants to see you.(the man为先行词,作wants前的主语) The dog that/which was missing has been found.(the dog为先行词,作was missing前的主语) This is the toy（ that/which/不填） I've just received.(the toy为先行词,作received后的宾语) Our School is not the one that it used to be.(the one为先行词,作表语) which:指物 ，在从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时可以省略。 Eg:Football is a game which/that is liked by most boys.(game为先行词,作is前的主语) The book (that/which) he is reading is too difficult to understand.(the book为先行 词,作reading后的宾语) who:指人 ，在从句中作主语( =that) ，有时也作宾语( =that/whom)。作宾语时可以省略。 Eg:The boy who/that broke the window is called Mark.(the boy为先行词,作broke的 主语) The actor (who/that/whom/不填) you wanted to see didn’t come.(the actor为先行 词,作see的宾语) whom:指人 ，在从句中作宾语， 常可省略。 Eg: The man (who/that/whom) he talked about just now is a famous anime star.(the man为先行词,作talked about的宾语) 定语从句 关系副词 问题思考 When I walk around all of the streets—— where I grew up and found my feet, … 关系副词 语法探究 ：观察红色字体的成分 1 This is the place where you have lunch. This is the place. → You have lunch at the place. 地点状语 语法探究 ：观察红色字体的成分 2 It is helpful at the time when you meet a new word. It is helpful at the time. → You meet a new word at the time. 时间状语 语法探究 ：观察红色字体的成分 He didn’t wear it. That’s the reason why he was punished. He didn’t wear it. That’s the reason. He was punished for the reason. 原因状语 3 关系副词在句子中做是什么成分？ This is the place where you have lunch. 在定语从句中作地点状语 It is helpful at the time when you meet a new word. 在定语从句中作时间状语 That’s the reason why he was punished. 在定语从句中作原因状语 语法探究 将下列句子变回简单句 This is the place at which you have lunch. It is helpful at the time at which you meet a new word. That’s the reason for which he was punished. 可以用“介词+that” 吗？ where when why 3 1 2 牛刀小试： 请将关系词换一换 ， 句意不变。 1 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2 The time when we got together finally arrived. 3 Shanghai is the city where I was born. at which on which in which 牛刀小试： 请将关系词换一换 ， 句意不变。 4 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. at which 5 The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. 6 I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. ? for which for which 关系代词 which / that 代替的是 名词 关系副词 where / when / why 代替的是 副词 关系代词和关系副词有什么区别？ 而副词可以由 介词短语 构成，也就是 介词 + 名词 Conclusion 1 Liao is a student in Class 2, is a lovely group. He has a wonderful English teacher is intelligent and reliable. That's the reason he loves English best. From time to time, he misses the time he was still a quiet person. 牛刀小试： 用适当的关系词填空 1 Liao is a student in Class 2, which is a lovely group. He has a wonderful English teacherwho is intelligent and reliable. That's the reason why he loves English best. From time to time, he misses the time when he was still a quiet person. 牛刀小试： 用适当的关系词填空 Years ago, he went to a coffee shop he read books in his spare time. All of a sudden, a girl eyes were bright and sparkling caught his eye. He made up his mind to talk to her. After that day, Liao became outgoing and talkative. 牛刀小试： 用适当的关系词填空 2 Years ago, he went to a coffee shopwhere he read books in his spare time. All of a sudden, a gi hose eyes were bright and sparkling caught his eye. He made up his mind to talk to her. After that day, Liao became outgoing and talkative. 牛刀小试： 用适当的关系词填空 2 定语从句 whom you want to talk with(the person) whom 定语从句连接词 you 定语从句主语 want 定语从句谓语 to talk 定语从句宾语 with the person with后 边 缺 了 person you have limited time with the person whom you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable（ adj 值得纪念的） 阅读—找主句（示范） 11 长难句三步走 判断对错 1 找动词 held ， included ，to coach， shifting 【A】正确 【B】错误 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done to coach； shifting 【A】正确 【B】错误 3 . 一夫一妻（连词+动词） which+included 【A】正确 【B】错误 结论： 主句是The BIO recently held a convention（ n .大 会议 ) 【A】正确 【B】错误 The BIO recently held a convention（ n .大会议 ) which included session（ n 小会议） to coach（ v 培训） lawyers on the shifting landscape( n 情况） for patents( n 商标） . (2012 ,text3) 阅读—找主句 12 长难句三步走 判断对错 1 找动词 held ， included ，to coach， shifting 【A】正确 【B】错误 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done to coach； shifting 【A】正确 【B】错误 3 . 一夫一妻（连词+动词） which+included 【A】正确 【B】错误 结论： 主句是The BIO recently held a convention（ n .大 会议 ) 【A】 【B】 正 确J 错误 The BIO recently held a convention（ n .大会议 ) which included session（ n 小会议） to coach（ v 培训） lawyers on the shifting landscape( n 情况） for patents. (2012 ,text3) 阅读—找主句 13 长难句三步走 判断对错 1 找动词 have been put； do； include； call； to enact； to curb 【A】正确 【B】错误 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done to enact； to curb； 【A】正确 【B】错误 3 . 一夫一妻（连词+动词） that+have been put 【A】正确 【B】错误 结论： The key messages do include a call for governments 【A】正确 【B】错误 The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact（ v 制定） legislation（ n 法律） to curb（ v 抑制） single - use（ adj 一次性的） 定语从句阅读练习 plastics. （ 2019 ， text4） 14 长难句三步走 判断对错 纠正 1 找动词 have been put；do； include； call；to enact； to curb 【A】正确 【B】错误 do +include看成整 体 ：表示强调； call 是名词 ， 前边有定 冠词a 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done to enact； to curb； 【A】正确 【B】错误 3 . 一夫一妻（连词 +动词） that+have been put 【A】正确W 【B】错误 结论： The key messages include a call for governments 【A】正确 【B】错误 The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact（ v 制定） legislation（ n 法律） to curb（ v 抑制） single - use（ adj 一次性的） 定语从句阅读练习 plastics. （ 2019 ， text4） 15 长难句三步走 判断对错 1 找动词 offered ， graduates ， has evaporated 【A】正确 【B】错误 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done offered 【A】正确 【B】错误 3 . 一夫一妻（连词+动词） which+graduates 【A】正确 【B】错误 结论： the job security has evaporated 【A】正确 【B】错误 the job security which the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated（v 定语从句阅读练习 蒸发） 16 长难句三步走 判断对错 纠正 1 找动词 offered， graduates ， has evaporated 【A】正确 · 【B】错误 graduates是 n 表示 毕业生 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done offered 【A】正确 【B】错误 offered不是非谓语 动词 ，句子意思是 美国经济曾经能提 供给高中毕业 生 . . .offer是主动 3 . 一夫一妻（连词 +动词） which+graduates 【A】正确 【B】错误 which+offered 结论： the job security has evaporated 【A】正确J 【B】错误 the job security which the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated（v 定语从句阅读练习 蒸发） 17 长难句三步走 判断对错 1 找动词 are compared ； are 【A】正确 【B】错误 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done 无 【A】正确 【B】错误 3 . 一夫一妻（连词+动词） who+are （ overweight） 【A】正确 【B】错误 结论： normal-weight people are compared to those 【A】正确 【B】错误 . . . . . .normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. 定语从句阅读练习 18 长难句三步走 判断对错 纠正 1 找动词 are compared； are 【A】正确 【B】错误 三个动词 ，分别是 are； compared； are 2. 非谓语动词 to do； doing； done 无 【A】正确 【B】错误 compared ， 是 done形式 ，作状语， 修饰的normal weight people 3 . 一夫一妻（连词 +动词） who+are overweight 【A】正确 【B】错误 结论： normal-weight people are compared to those 【A】正确 【B】错误v normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases . . . . . .normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. 定语从句阅读练习 19 考点： and逻辑连词前后一致+定语从句从而推测出空格单词。 The idea is to create a federation( n 联盟） of private（ adj 私人的） online identity systems（ n 身份系 统） . Users could which system to join, and only registered（ adj 已经注册的） users whose identities have been authenticated（ v 认证） could navigate（ v 使用） those systems. （ 2011 ， 英语二， 完型） [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [ D] realized 定语从句考情点播 20 【完型填空】 The idea is to create a federation( n 联盟） of private（ adj 私人的） online identity systems（ n 身份系 统） . Users could which system to join, and only registered（ adj 已经注册的） users whose identities have been authenticated（ v 认证） could navigate（ v 使用） those systems. [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [ D] realized 考点： and逻辑连词前后一致+定语从句从而推测出空格单词。 答案： C 定语从句考情点播 21 1 . it is difficult to imagine a time 问题 ：句子主语是谁？ 翻译:很难想象一个时期 2 . 定语从句： a time high-quality（ n 高水平的） arts criticism（ n .评论） could be found in most big-city newspapers. A when B whose C that D which 【直接翻译】 ： 高质量的文艺评论在很多大城市报纸上可以被找到的时期； 【倒译】 ： 主谓（英文） ————谓宾（中文） +补一个主语 ：（我们） 可以在很多大城市报纸上找到高质量的文艺评论 的时期； 在这个时期 ，（我们） 可以在很多大城市报纸上找到高质量的文艺评论。 整理一下句子： it is difficult to imagine a time high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big- city newspapers 方法一：（重复被修饰的词） 很难想象一个时期 ， 在这个时期 ，（我们） 可以在很多大城市报纸上找到高质量的文艺评 论。 方法二：（代词） 很难想象一个时期 ， 那时我们可以在大城市报纸上找到高质量的文艺评论 从句进阶 24 宾语从句： 动词后边 . . . . . . recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonficition books a year 介 词 后 边 being human, you will sometimes change your mind about what you fancy 表语从句： the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically（ adv政 治 地 ） charged 主语从句： That the seas are being overfished has been known for years 同位语从句（是什么） it is a piece of good news that we can take 7 -days off in National Day. 定语从句：（哪一个） The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact（ v 制定） legislation（ n 法律） to curb（ v 抑制） single - use（ adj 一次性的） plastics. 定语从句总结： 27 关于定语从句关系词的注意事项： 1 .定语从句的关系词每一个都作成分 ，包括that ， that可以指人也可以指物 2 .定语从句的先行词是“事/物 ”时 ， 关系词which和that都可以 ，不需要区别 3 .whom 指人 ， 只能在从句中作宾语时使用。 4 .关系词在定语从句中作宾语（动宾或介宾） 时 ，都可以省略 I want to share these old truths（ that） I have learned along the way（ 2015 ， partB） 省略怎么判断主句？ 主谓（that） 主谓 subjects also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long 定语从句总结： 28 定语从句的分类 29 牛刀小试：句子改错 1 I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 2 I have a friend, who’s name is Liu Mei. 牛刀小试：句子改错 1 I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which 2 I have a friend, who’s name is Liu Mei. whose 3 His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, that didn’t help. 4 There’ re three members in my family and I ’m the only one child, who is very common in China. 牛刀小试：句子改错 3 His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, that didn’t help. which 4 There’ re three members in my family and I ’m the only one child, who is very common in China. which 牛刀小试：句子改错 5 The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days. 6 During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, when air is fresh and people are friendly. 牛刀小试：句子改错 5 The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days. where 6 During holiday seasons, I will live in the countryside, when air is fresh and people are friendly. where 牛刀小试：句子改错 限定性定语从句： 王思聪 loves 王可可 which used to be a strayed dog. 非限定性定语从句： 王思聪 is the son of 王健林 ，who is one of the richest businessman in China Chang Chun（章惇） ，who later became a vicious（坏的） political enemy ，was a young magistrate（治安法官） . . . . . (苏东波传） 结论： 非限定性定语从句先行词范围 相对或者绝对明确 定语从句的分类 30 Shou Chew ， the chief executive of TikTok ， which is owned by the Chinese internet giant ByteDance（字 节 跳动） ，was barraged（ v 连番轰炸） with questions about the apps relationship to its parent company and China’ s potential influence over the platform. (纽约时报) 定语从句的分类 31 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 逗号 无逗号 有逗号 先行词 范围不明确 范围明确 1. 绝对明确 2. 相对明确 作用 修饰限定先行词 ，不能省 略 ，影响表意 补充说明先行词 ， 可以省 略 ，不影响 翻译 大8小8原则 关系词 1 . 关系词可以用that 2 . 作宾语可以省略 3. 指人作宾语 ， 用 whom/who/that 都行 4 . 指物可以用which/that 1 .关系词不能用that 2 .不可以省略 3. 指人作宾语 ，只能用 whom ，人做主语 ，只能 用who； 物只能用which； 王思聪 loves 王可可 which used to be a strayed dog. Shou Chew ，the chief executive of TikTok ，which is owned by the Chinese internet giant ByteDance （字节跳动） ...... 定语从句的分类 32 互动练习： A couple of Christmas ago ， my youngest stepdaughter( 前夫的女儿） ， was nine years old at the time,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. (2016 , partB) A who B whom C that D which 定语从句的分类 33 互动练习： A couple of Christmas ago ， my youngest stepdaughter( 前夫的女儿） ， was nine years old at the time,got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. (2016 , partB) A who B whom C that D which 答案 ：A 定语从句的分类 34 非限定性定语从句先行词范围明确（绝对明确： 专有名词 ， 独一无二的物）（相对明确： 上下文当中就这一件事） 判断题： 【 1 】 Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s ， which sponsors（赞助 v ） the youth coaching（教练 ， 培训） scheme run by the Football Association（足球协会）（ 2011 ， PartB） 句中所有动词是move； could affect； sponsors； coaching； run ， 非限定性定语从句中which搭配的动词是run ， 所以which. . . . Football Association全干掉 。 【 2 】 The advance is driven in part by vehicle（ n 汽车） manufacturers（ n 制造商） ，who are placing big bets（ n 赌注） on battery- powered （电池驱动） electric vehicles. (2018 , Text2) 句中动词分别是advance； is driven； are placing； battery- powered ； 非谓语是battery- powered ， 可干掉； who+are placing可干掉 【3 】 Facebook. . . . . . . is a self-enhancer’ s（提升） paradise （天堂）, where people can share only the most flattering （浮夸） photos, lifestyles. . . . . . .句中动词分别是is； can share； flattering； 其中flattering是非谓语动词 ， 可干掉； where+ can share可 干 掉。 互动练习 35 【 1 】 Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s ， which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association（ 2011 ， PartB） 句中所有动词是move； could affect； sponsors； coaching； run ， 非限定性定语从句中which搭配的动词是run ， 所以which. . . . Football Association全干掉 。 X 【2 】 The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ， who are placing big bets on battery- powered electric vehicles. (2018 , Text2) 句中动词分别是advance； is driven； are placing； battery- powered ； 非谓语是battery-powered ， 可干掉； who+are placing可干掉 X 【3 】 Facebook. . . . . . . is a self-enhancer’ s paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, lifestyles. . . . . . .句中动词分别是is； can share； flattering； 其中flattering是非谓语动词 ， 可干掉； 非限定性定语从句先行词范围明确（绝对明确： 专有名词 ， 独一无二的物）（相对明确： 上下文当中就 这一件事） 判断题： 定语从句的分类——例子 where+can share可干掉。 36 person meaningfully contributed to the song too. 单词： The Recording Academy 美国唱片学院 organization ：机构 ， 组织 Grammy Awards 格莱美奖 outline v 勾勒 state v声明 eligible adj 有资格 honor n 荣誉 The Recording Academy ，which is the organization hebind the Grammy Awards ， outlined new rules ahead of next year’s competition ， one of which states that only “ human creators” are eligible for the music industry’s highest honor. Songs that included elements generated by AI can still be nominated, but there must be proof that a real 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规 37 秒杀法3步走 判断对错 第一步： 动词 is； outlined ； states ； are 第二步： 非谓语动词 无 第三步 ：一夫一妻 which+is ， 非限制性定语 从句 ， which指代The Recording Academy which +states ， 非限制性 定语从句 ， 指代next year’s competition that+are 同位语从句 The Recording Academy ，which is the organization hebind the Grammy Awards ， outlined new rules ahead of next year’s competition ， one of which states that only “ human creators” are eligible for the music industry’s highest honor. 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规 38 秒杀法3步走 判断对错 第一步： 动词 is； outlined ； states ； are √ 第二步： 非谓语动词 无 √ 第三步 ：一夫一妻 which+is ， 非限制性定语 从句 ， which指代The Recording Academy √ which +states ， 非限制性 定语从句 ， 指代next year’s competition × which指代the rules that+are 同位语从句 × 属于宾语从句； 如果同 位语从句前边要加idea The Recording Academy ，which is the organization hebind the Grammy Awards ， outlined new rules ahead of next year’s competition ， one of which states that only “ human creators” are eligible for the music industry’s highest honor. 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规 39 翻译 翻译方法 主 句 The Recording Academy outlined new rules ahead of next year’s competition 美国唱片学院在明年的比赛 前制定了新的规则 直接翻译 注意 ：状语要提前 第一个非限制性定语从句 The Recording Academy ， which is the organization hebind the Grammy Awards 格莱美奖的主办机构美国唱 片学院 8大8小原则 ， 刚好8个单词 ， 翻译成 . . . .的 第二个非限制性定语从句 one of which. . . .honor 其中一条规定只有 “ 人类创 作者 ”才有资格获得音乐界 的最高荣誉。 8大原则 ，后置翻译 ，重复 先行词 ， 并且把定语从句翻 译成一个句子 ， 因为定语从 句还包含宾语从句 The Recording Academy ，which is the organization hebind the Grammy Awards ， outlined new rules ahead of next year’s competition ， one of which states that only “ human creators” are eligible for the music industry’s highest honor. 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规（翻译） 40 Songs that included elements generated by AI can still be nominated, but there must be proof that a real person meaningfully contributed to the song too. 单词： include v 包含 element n 元素 nominate v 提名 proof n 证明 ，证据 meaningfully adv 有意义地 contribute to 贡献 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规 41 秒杀法3步走 判断对错 1. 找动词 included ， generated ， can be； nominated ； must be； contributed 2 . 找非谓语动词 included ； nominated 3 .连词+动词（ 一夫一妻） that+generated 是定语从句 but+ must be 是并列句 that+contributed 是宾语从句 Songs that included elements generated by AI can still be nominated, but there must be proof that a real person meaningfully contributed to the song too. 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规 42 秒杀法3步走 判断对错 1. 找动词 included ， generated ， can be； nominated ； must be； contributed × 正确： can be nominated 2 . 找非谓语动词 included ； nominated × 正确： generated ， 没有 nominated 3 .连词+动词（ 一夫一妻） that+generated 是定语从句 × 正确： that+included是定 语从句 but+ must be 是并列句 √ that+contributed 是宾语语从句 × 正确 ：是同位语从句 Songs that included elements generated by AI can still be nominated, but there must be proof that a real 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规翻译 person meaningfully contributed to the song too. 43 翻译 翻译方法 主句： Songs can still be nominated, but there must be proof 大众可以提名歌曲 ，但必须 要有证据 倒译 主谓（英文） 变成谓宾（中 文） ，并且加主语 定语从句 that included elements generated by AI 包含人工智能生成元素的歌 曲 8小原则 ，翻译成 . . . .的 同位语从句proof that a real person meaningfully contributed to the song too. 但必须有证据表明 ，这首歌 也有一个真正的人做出了有 意义的贡献。 同位语从句翻译成一个独立 的句子 整合 ： 大众可以提名包含人工智能生成元素的歌曲 ，但必须有证据表明 ，这首歌也有一个 真正的人做出了有意义的贡献。 Songs that included elements generated by AI can still be nominated, but there must be proof that a real 实战演练-格莱美制定评选新规 person meaningfully contributed to the song too. 44 the zone’s future looks uncertain at best 31. Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone? [A] Its effects are questionable [B] It has been opposed by a judge [C] It needs tougher enforcement. [D] Its fate is yet to be decided President Trump has underlined fossil fuels——especially coal——as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa ，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not play well with many in Iowa ，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers. 28. It can be learned that in Iowa， . [A] wind is a widely used energy source [B] wind energy has replaced fossil fuels [C] tech giants are investing in clean energy [D] there is a shortage of clean energy supply 段落阅读方法（匹配信息） 方法： 意群匹 配法 第二步 ：排除 法（重要程度 首先是主語） 第一步 ：复现 词重现法 48 定语从句补充 2 which ： 作为非限定性定语从句的连词 例 子： The Biden administration could ban the app, which may run into a difficult court challenge as也可以作为非限定性定语从句的连词 we we know that Jack Ma is one of the founders of Alibaba As we know ， Jack Ma is one of the founders of Alibaba 互动练习 ：选择下列句子which修饰的部分： . . . . . .So the centers need to be well air-conditioned（ adj 安装空调） , which uses even more energy（ n 电量） (2011 ,翻译） A air-conditioned B centers C So the centers need to be well air-conditioned 特殊的非限定性定语从句（修饰整句话连词 which； as） 59 2.As a News （ n 新闻 ） Feature（特别报道） article（ n 文章） in Nature（ n 自然周刊） discusses ， a string of（ n 一系列） lucrative（ adj 利润丰厚） awards（ n 奖金） for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. 句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句 ， 指代a string of lucrative awards 判断题 1.As Koziatek knows ， there is learning in just about everything（ 2018 ， text1） 句中as引导的是状语从句 ， 因为as 在句中不充当任何成分。 互动练习 60 As a News Feature article in Nature discusses ， a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. 句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句 ， 指代a string of lucrative awards x 判断题 As Koziatek knows ， there is learning in just about everything（ 2018 ， text1） 句中as引导的是状语从句 ， 因为as 在句中不充当任何成分。 互动练习 61 名词性从句定语从句和同位语的区别 宾语从句： 动词后边 . . . . . . recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonficition books a year 介 词 后 边 being human, you will sometimes change your mind about what you fancy 表语从句： the most significant reason is that the issue has always been so politically（ adv政 治 地 ） charged 主语从句： That the seas are being overfished has been known for years 同位语从句（是什么） it is a piece of good news that we can take 7 -days off in National Day. 定语从句：（哪一个） The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact（ v 制定） legislation（ n 法律） to curb（ v 抑制） single - use（ adj 一次性的） plastics. 定语从句总结： 68 1.选择题 some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt. . . . . . ( 2019 ,text1） A.划线部分是名词性从句 ， 主语从句 ， 句子翻译为那些缺乏同情心的人可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这 一不足 B.划线部分是同位语从句 ， 句子翻译为一些缺乏同情心的孩子可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这一不足 C 画线部分是定语从句 ， 句子翻译为一些缺乏同情心的孩子可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这一不足； 2 . realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen. . . . . . (2014 ,翻译） A.画线部分包含2个定语从句 B.划线部分分别是名词性从句+定语从句 C 划线部分是名词性从句+ 同位语从句 练习 69 1.选择题 some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt. . . . . . ( 2019 ,text1） A.划线部分是名词性从句 ， 主语从句 ， 句子翻译为那些缺乏同情心的人可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这 一不足 B.划线部分是同位语从句 ， 句子翻译为一些缺乏同情心的孩子可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这一不足 C 画线部分是定语从句 ， 句子翻译为一些缺乏同情心的孩子可能会通过体验更多的内疚感来弥补这一不足； 2 . realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen. . . . . . (2014 ,翻译） A.画线部分包含2个定语从句 B.划线部分分别是名词性从句+定语从句 C 划线部分是名词性从句+ 同位语从句 练习 70 /04 考场攻略 【句子主次信息筛选】 一 .怎么判断句子的主句 步骤一： 先把句子所有动词找出来 步骤二： that/wh-/whether/ if/ how/as搭配的动词全部干掉 ， 干到结束处（下一个标点符号前； 下一个连接词 前； 下一个谓语动词前） 剩下的就是主句唯一的谓语动词 ， 前边就是主语 ，后边就是宾语 二 . 要学会处理当句子里既有定语从句 ，也有名词性从句 ， 并列句 ， 以及非谓语动词。 【段落信息筛选】 三. 段落 段落中主要信息的信号词除了but以外 ， 还有非限制性定语从句（可以不看 ， 但是有作者的暗示） 1. 阅读 72 考查内容 ： +关系词+定语从句 N+关系词+ 解题思路 ：根据限定关系解题 【例题】 The that I live in faces north. A cat B environment C house D address 完型填空-定语从句 73 考查内容 ： +关系词+定语从句 N+关系词+ 解题思路 ：根据限定关系解题 there are programs that address（ v 解决） the many needs of the homeless（ 2006 年真题） [A]complex（复杂的） [ B] comprehensive（全面的） [C] complementary（相互补充的） [ D] compensating（补偿的） 解题思路： 1 .先判断that后边是名词性从句还是同位语从句还是定语从句 2 .确认是定语从句 ，然后根据后边限定的成分推出前边先行词的性质 完型填空-定语从句 74 考查内容 ： +关系词+定语从句 N+关系词+ 解题思路 ：根据限定关系解题 I live in a house whose is brown [A] leg [B] roof [C] hair [ D] address 完型填空-定语从句 75 考查内容 ： +关系词+定语从句 N+关系词+ 解题思路 ：根据限定关系解题 Even . . . . . . . homeless individuals manage to find a that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, . . . . . . . . . .(2006) A lodging(出租的宿舍） B shelter （收容所） C dwelling（公寓 ，住宅） D house（房子） 解题思路： 1 .先判断that后边是名词性从句还是同位语从句还是定语从句 2 .确认是定语从句 ，然后根据后边限定的成分推出前边先行词的性质 完型填空-定语从句 76 N+关系词+ Example 6: [2013] Second, some paper checks have the advantage that they provide receipt, something that many consumers are unwilling to [A] give up（放弃） [ B] take over（接管） [C] bring back（带回来） [ D] pass down（传承） 完型填空（词汇） 77 Thanks. $$