15.Unit 4 Developing ideas（课件+练习）-【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂(外研版2019选择性必修第一册)

Unit 4 Meeting the muse Developing ideas 一、单词拼写 1．The name of the cheese is Dolclatte, l meaning sweet milk. 2．They are full of a as they talked about their interesting childhood. 3．This historical success,however,resulted from the federal government taking science seriously,and making investments to urge revolution and i . 4．Wars have done more harm to people than anything else but they also boosted technological i , for example, computers were first used to calculate projectile of cannons. 5．The word should not be understood l , otherwise you can’t get the real meaning. 6．Sometimes you can’t take some Chinese idioms l because they have deeper meanings. 7．Jiuzhaigou, which l means “nine-settlement valley”, is named after the nine Tibetan settlements in the mountain valley in Aba on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 8．All I could see around was just a wire f . 9．The white walls make a c with the black carpet. 二、完成句子 10． (我们不仅可以与艺术互动，而且) take part in its creation.（“not only...but also...”意为“不但……而且……”） 11．This (技术革新) will save us much time and labour. 12．Research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods actually (限制了团队的创造力). 13．He has got lung cancer smoking twenty cigarettes a day. （用result相关短语的适当形式填空） 14． (旅游不仅使我们放松), but it also broadens our horizons. 15．Some of them are also later sold, in order to （限制……的数量）ponies according to the rules set by Natural England. 16． (无论你怎么想)，people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years.（whatever引导让步状语从句） 17．All the students (要求参加)the meeting to be held tomorrow on time. 18．The noise of your video must (控制在)a level that we can all bear. 19．Misjudgements on the influences of new technology can lead to (有限资源的浪费). 20．To be frank，my opponent was (确实地) skillful so I threw in the towel. 21． (对我来说显而易见) that they have no experience in this work. 22． (无论我们会遇到什么问题), we should hold an optimistic view. 23． (太拘泥于字面意思的翻译) often don’t flow well or don’t sound natural. 24．With decades of reform and (不断的改革和创新), Shenzhen has adopted many favorable policies for emerging businesses. 25．Mr Zhang sang a song (应学生们的要求). 三、阅读理解 1 The issue of how to feed a growing population is a crucial issue for the 21st century. The issue was high on the agenda (当务之急) at the recent United Nations Climate Change Conference in Egypt. According to the UN, by 2050, we will need to produce 60% more food to feed a world population of 9.3 billion. Cambridge Judge Business School supports a number of businesses which aim to promote sustainable agriculture practices. One of the most important fields is precision (精准) agriculture, the science of improving crop yields and assisting management decisions using the latest technology. Outfield Technologies is targeted at high value fruit farming. Farmers buy their own drones (无人机), and then the Outfield software creates flight plans over the farm and processes the images taken by the drones. By counting the fruit on branches and measuring trees, farmers can see where to apply fertiliser with greater precision, reducing usage and improving soil sustainability. Outfield’s software can also recommend where to start harvesting to reduce waste and labour costs. The rising cost of labour globally has become a huge issue within the agricultural industry, for reasons including the shortage of backpackers (some of whom become seasonal workers) in New Zealand, and the rise of minimum pay in South Africa. The data gathered by drones can also predict yields. “Priming” the supply chain ensures a smoother journey from the farm to fruit bowl in your home. When an apple is picked, it is stored in a refrigerated environment for up to six months before being transported to a pack house to be washed, sorted, packaged, before being moved to a delivery centre and finally appearing on supermarket shelves. The chain depends heavily on transportation, but by predicting yields, Outfield aims to reduce waste as traders can predict fruit levels and reduce greenhouse gases caused by refrigerated storage. Outfield co-founder Oil Hilbourne said, “The agricultural industry needs more investment to change. More money for 5G, education and investment in start-ups.” 26．What does Outfield Technologies do for farmers? A．It offers them free flights. B．It oversees farms for them. C．It teaches them about high value fruits. D．It uses drone-taken images to advertise farms. 27．What labour problems are different countries facing? A．Pay in South Africa is very low. B．South Africa can’t agree on minimum pay. C．Backpackers in New Zealand fail to get paid fairly. D．New Zealand isn’t drawing enough seasonal workers. 28．By gathering data by drone, the Outfield tries to_________. A．boost the yield of fruit B．make sure the fruit can keep fresh C．ensure the fruits are transported timely D．provide more convenient services to customers 29．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．The future of farming B．The trend of fruit picking C．The promising market of high value fruits D．The positive effects of farming on environment 2 To get cash out in the 21st century, you won’t need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris . For identification  purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you’ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: “Would you like cash or a statement?” An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer. 30．What does this passage mainly talk about? A．A new type of cash machine B．A new medical instrument C．A new type of talking machine D．National Cash Register 31．What is this new machine called? A．PIN B．ATM C．Stella D．NCR 32．When you want to get cash out in the 21st century, you will _______. A．need a bank card B．have to put in your PIN C．move your finger D．just look directly at the teller machine 四、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Deepfakes are videos which have been digitally manipulated (操纵) to show people saying something 33 they haven’t actually spoken. In the past, videos like these could be made only by 34 (experience) special effects artists or video editors. Now, anyone with the right tools can make a convincing deepfake. These videos are easy to make and dangerous. Cases 35 (report) about misused deepfake technology in the past few months. So, how can we know whether what we are seeing and hearing is real? Wael Abd-Almageed, who leads 36 team of five researchers at the University of Southern California, is trying to answer that question. This team has designed computer software which can determine whether a video is a deepfake. “If there is inconsistency (不协调) in the video, such as an unnatural eye 37 (move), we can spot it,” he said. How can you avoid 38 (fool) by a deepfake? Wael Abd-Almageed suggests not 39 (immediate) believing what you see online. Instead, 40 (make) sure you research a video first. “Don’t take anything on the Internet for granted,” he warns. “Ask 41 (you), ‘Would this person really say something like this?’” Wael Abd-Almageed also advises watching a video 42 a slower rate so you can spot inconsistencies. This is possible by using the settings on most popular video platforms. 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s next-generation rocket to carry humans is expected to make its maiden flight around 2027, said a project manager. Zhao Xinguo, a senior rocket 43 (design), said the new rocket is an important backbone in China’s ambitious plan 44 (place) its astronauts on the moon. “According to our schedule, all necessary conditions for the rocket’s 45 (one) launch mission will be ready in 2027,” he said on Monday in Zhuhai, Guangdong province, one day ahead of the 14th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition, the largest arms show in the country. Zhao said that the new rocket will be about 90 meters tall, 46 a diameter (直径) of 5 meters, which means it will be almost twice as tall as the Long March 5, 47 (current) the biggest in China’s rocket family. The rocket will be capable of carrying spacecraft 48 (weigh) about 27 tons into an Earth-moon transfer orbit, which is 49 unique gateway for lunar landing. According to the project manager, the new heavy-lift rocket 50 (intend) for the country’s future manned spaceflights, 51 will be carried out by a new generation spaceship, and manned lunar explorations that Chinese scientists 52 (plan) for a long time. 参考答案 一、 1．literally/iterally 【解析】考查副词。句意：这种奶酪的名字是Dolclatte，字面意思是甜牛奶。根据单词首字母以及句意“字面”，可知应填副词literally，作状语。故填literally。 2．animation/nimation 【解析】考查名词。句意：当他们谈论他们有趣的童年，他们充满活力。根据句意和首字母，设空处应用名词animation，意为“活力，生气”，为不可数名词，作介词of的宾语。故填animation。 3．innovation/nnovation 【解析】考查不可数名词。句意：然而，这一历史性的成功是由于联邦政府认真对待科学且投资来促进改革和创新。根据空前并且的词revolution可知空处应使用名词，结合句意及首字母提示，空处表示“创新”，为不可数名词。故填innovation。 4．innovation/nnovation 【解析】考查名词。句意：战争对人类造成的伤害比其他任何事情都大，但它们也促进了技术创新，例如，计算机最初被用来计算大炮的发射物。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，空处应用名词innovation，表示“创新”，作动词boosted的宾语，符合题意。故填innovation。 5．literally/iterally 【解析】考查副词。句意：这个词不应该按字面理解，否则你就无法理解它的真正含义。根据单词首字母和句意“按字面”可知，此处应用副词literally修饰动词。故填literally。 6．literally/iterally 【解析】考查副词。句意：有时候你不能从字面上理解一些中国成语，因为它们有更深的含义。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用副词literally，作状语修饰动词take。故填literally。 7．literally/iterally 【解析】考查副词。句意：九寨沟，字面意思是“九个聚居的山谷”，因青藏高原东部边缘阿坝山谷中的九个藏族聚居点而得名。根据单词首字母以及句意“字面上”，可知应填副词literally，作状语修饰means。故填literally。 8．fence/ence 【解析】考查名词。句意：我能看到的只有铁丝网。分析句子，设空处应该是用名词作表语。根据首字母提示和句意，a wire fence意为“铁丝网”，fence是可数名词，由不定冠词修饰用单数。故填fence。 9．contrast/ontrast 【解析】考查名词。句意：白色的墙壁与黑色的地毯形成对比。根据单词首字母以及句意“对比”可知应填名词contrast，作宾语，由不定冠词修饰用单数。故填contrast。 二、 10．Not only can we interact with art, but also 【解析】考查倒装句和连接词。句意：我们不仅可以与艺术互动，而且参加它们的创作。根据提示用not only...but also...，not only置句首，句子使用倒装句式，“可以”译为can，情态动词置于主语前，“与……互动”译为interact with，“艺术”译为art，故填Not only can we interact with art, but also。 11．technical innovation 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：这项技术革新将会节省我们的时间和劳力。根据汉语提示“技术革新”以及位置可知，此处应填入名词短语作主语，innovation意为“革新”，technical意为“技术的”，指示代词this提示名词用单数形式，故填technical innovation。 12．limit team creativity 【解析】考查动词，名词和主谓一致。句意：研究表明，传统的头脑风暴方法实际上限制了团队的创造力。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。在that引导的宾语从句中，表示“限制”应用动词limit作谓语，主语methods是复数，谓语动词用复数，表示“团队”应用名词team，表示“创造力”应用名词creativity，名词team作定语修饰名词creativity。故填limit team creativity。 13．as a result of 【解析】考查短语。句意：由于每天抽二十支烟，他得了肺癌。结合上下文句意，可知这里表达的是因果关系，后接动名词短语，所以使用短语 as a result of “由于”符合题意，故填as a result of。 14．Not only does travelling relax us 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：旅游不仅使我们放松，而且它也开阔我们的视野。句子使用了not only...but also...，not only置句首，句子使用部分倒装句，“旅游”译为travelling，“使放松”译为relax，后接us作宾语，描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，用助动词does，故填Not only does travelling relax us。 15．limit the number of 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：根据“自然英格兰”组织制定的规则，为限制小马的数量，其中一些小马后来也被出售。in order to后面接动词原形，译为“为了……”；表示“限制”用limit；表示“……数量”用the number of。故填limit the number of。 16．Whatever your opinion 【解析】考查让步状语从句和省略。句意：无论你想什么，几千年来人们一直在通过艺术表达他们的思想和想法分析句子可知，句子为让步状语从句，“无论你想什么”可理解为“无论你的想法是什么”，使用Whatever引导从句，“你的想法”译为your opinion，作主语，是单数，谓语动词用单数，句子描述现在的事实用一般现在时，谓语动词用is，常常省略is，故填Whatever your opinion。 17．are requested to attend 【解析】考查动词及被动语态。句意：所有的学生都被要求准时参加明天举行的会议。结合句意可知，此处要是一般现在时的被动语态，短语sb be requested to do sth“某人被要求做某事”；“参加，出席”使用动词attend，主语 All the students为复数，故填are requested to attend。 18．be limited to/be set a limit to 【解析】考查固定短语及语态。句意：你的视频噪音必须限制在我们都能承受的水平。根据汉语提示“控制在”以及上文的情态动词must可知，此处应填动词与must一起构成复合谓语，结合语意可知，此处考查固定短语limit…to…，意为“把……限制在”，或亦可用固定短语set a limit to，意为“对……加以限制”，分析句子可知，空处与主语之间是被动关系，故空处应用被动语态结构，即be done结构，由情态动词后应用动词原形，因此空处应填be limited to或be set a limit to。故填be limited to或be set a limit to。 19．a waste of limited resources 【解析】考查名词和名词复数。句意：对新技术影响的错误判断会导致有限资源的浪费。表示“……的浪费”应用名词短语a waste of，表示“有限的”应用形容词limited作定语，表示“资源”应用名词resource，resource为可数名词，通常使用复数形式。故填a waste of limited resources。 20．literally 【解析】考查副词。句意：坦率地说，我的对手真的很有技巧，所以我认输了。分析句子结构可知，形容词skillful 之前，可以用副词来修饰。再根据汉语提示，故填literally。 21．It’s evident to me/It’s distinct to me/It’s obvious to me 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：对我来说显而易见，他们在这方面没有经验。“显而易见”表达为形容词evident/distinct/obvious，“对我来说显而易见”表达为固定句型：It’s evident to me或It’s distinct to me或It’s obvious to me。It为形式主语，that引导的是真正的主语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填：It’s evident to me或It’s distinct to me或It’s obvious to me。 22．Whatever/No matter what problem we may come across 【解析】考查状语从句和短语。句意：无论我们会遇到什么问题，我们都应该持乐观态度。用whatever或者no matter what引导让步状语从句，修饰problem“问题”，may“或许会”，“遇到”译为come across，故填Whatever/No matter what problem we may come across。 23．Translations that are done too literally 【解析】考查名词及定语从句。句意：太拘泥于字面意思的翻译往往不流畅或听起来不自然。“太拘泥于字面意思的翻译”用单词“literally”进行翻译，译为“Translations that are done too literally”，根据中文提示可知，“翻译”(translations)为中心词，“太拘泥于字面意思的”为修饰语，因为该修饰语过长，可以处理成定语从句。“拘泥于字面意思的”可以理解成“过于直译”。“翻译”从句主语，应该是被人翻译，应该用被动语态；“直译地”英文为“literally”。故填Translations that are done too literally。 24． constant innovation 【解析】考查形容词和名词。句意：经过几十年不断的改革和创新，深圳采取了许多对新兴企业有利的政策。根据汉语提示，第一空应用形容词constant，表示“不断的”，作定语修饰名词reform，第二空应用名词innovation，表示“创新”，与名词reform并列，作介词with的宾语。故填①constant，②innovation。 25．at the students’ request/at the request of the students 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：张先生应学生们的要求唱了一首歌。根据汉语提示，空处应用介词短语at sb’s request/at the request of sb.，“学生们”使用名词student的复数形式students，前边加上定冠词the表示特指，students的所有格形式为students’。故填at the students’ request/at the request of the students。 三、 1 26．B 27．D 28．C 29．A 【解析】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了全球人口增长带来的粮食问题，以及如何通过精准农业等可持续农业实践来解决这个问题。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段“By counting the fruit on branches and measuring trees, farmers can see where to apply fertiliser with greater precision, reducing usage and improving soil sustainability. Outfield’s software can also recommend where to start harvesting to reduce waste and labour costs.(通过计算树枝上的果实和测量树木，农民可以更精确地看到哪里需要施肥，从而减少使用量并提高土壤可持续性。Outfield的软件还可以推荐从哪里开始收割，以减少浪费和劳动力成本)”可知，Outfield Technologies为农民监管农场。故选B项。 27．推理判断题。根据第三段“The rising cost of labour globally has become a huge issue within the agricultural industry, for reasons including the shortage of backpackers (some of whom become seasonal workers) in New Zealand, and the rise of minimum pay in South Africa.(全球劳动力成本的上升已成为农业产业中的一个巨大问题，原因包括新西兰背包客（其中一些人成为季节性工人）的短缺和南非最低工资的上涨)”可推知，新西兰没有吸引足够的季节工。故选D项。 28．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The data gathered by drones can also predict yields. “Priming” the supply chain ensures a smoother journey from the farm to fruit bowl in your home. When an apple is picked, it is stored in a refrigerated environment for up to six months before being transported to a pack house to be washed, sorted, packaged, before being moved to a delivery centre and finally appearing on supermarket shelves. The chain depends heavily on transportation, but by predicting yields, Outfield aims to reduce waste as traders can predict fruit levels and reduce greenhouse gases caused by refrigerated storage.(无人机收集的数据还可以预测产量。“启动”供应链确保了从农场到你家中果盘的顺畅旅程。当苹果被采摘时，它会被储存在冷藏环境中长达六个月，然后被运送到包装厂进行清洗、分类、包装，再被送到配送中心，最终出现在超市货架上。这个链条严重依赖运输，但通过预测产量，Outfield旨在减少浪费，因为交易者可以预测水果的数量并减少冷藏储存产生的温室气体)”可知，通过无人机收集数据，Outfield试图保证水果及时运输。故选C项。 29．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Cambridge Judge Business School supports a number of businesses which aim to promote sustainable agriculture practices. One of the most important fields is precision (精准) agriculture, the science of improving crop yields and assisting management decisions using the latest technology.(剑桥大学贾吉商学院支持许多旨在促进可持续农业实践的企业。其中最重要的领域之一是精准农业，这是一门利用最新技术提高作物产量和协助管理决策的科学)”以及纵观全文可知，这篇文章讨论了使用技术（如无人机和精准农业）来提高作物产量、减少浪费和解决农业领域的劳工问题。这些主题都与农业的未来以及技术进步如何改变农业紧密相关。由此可知，A项“The future of farming(农业的未来)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。 2 30．A 31．C 32．D 【分析】试题分析：本文介绍了自动取款机的新型的识别储户方法。 30．A主旨题。阅读全文可知本文介绍的是新型取款机的设计原理及工作方式，故选 C。 31．C细节题。根据 Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally… 代替向你在屏幕上要你的PIN，the Super Teller-Stella只是让你间接地口述---及 Once you’ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says…一旦你被确认，Stella通过名字问候你并且说---，因此可知答案为 A。 32．C细节题。根据 To get cash out in the 21st century, you won’t need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye,…在二十一世纪为了取出现金，你不需要银行卡，一个PIN甚至不必移动手指。你只是用眼直接看着取款机，---从这里可知仅仅径直看着取款机就可以了，故选答案 D。 四、 1 33．that 34．experienced 35．have been reported 36．a 37．movement 38．being fooled 39．immediately 40．make 41．yourself 42．at 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了深度造假视频的危害以及Wael Abd-Almageed和他的团队正在努力解决这个问题。 33．考查定语从句。句意：深度造假视频是经过数字处理的视频，显示人们说了一些他们实际上没有说的话。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是复合不定代词something，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 34．考查形容词。句意：在过去，像这样的视频只能由经验丰富的特效艺术家或视频编辑制作。此处修饰名词短语special effects artists or video editors，应用形容词experienced (有经验的)，作定语。故填experienced。 35．考查动词语态。句意：在过去的几个月里，已经有关于滥用深度造假技术的案例报道。根据时间状语in the past few months可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语Cases和谓语动词report是被动关系，谓语用现在完成时的被动语态，主语Cases复数，助动词使用have。故填have been reported。 36．考查冠词。句意：南加州大学的Wael Abd-Almageed领导着一个由五名研究人员组成的团队，他正试图回答这个问题。此处泛指一个团队，且team以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 37．考查名词。句意：如果视频中有不一致的地方，比如一个不自然的眼球运动，我们就能发现。此处作宾语，应用名词movement (运动)，由空前不定冠词an可知，应用名词单数形式。故填movement。 38．考查非谓语动词。句意：如何避免被一个深度造假视频愚弄？固定搭配avoid doing sth. (避免做某事)，fool和you是逻辑被动关系，fool用动名词的被动式。故填being fooled。 39．考查副词。句意：Wael Abd-Almageed建议不要立即相信你在网上看到的。此处修饰动词believing，应用副词immediately (立即)，作状语。故填immediately。 40．考查祈使句。句意：相反，确保你要先研究一段视频。本句是祈使句肯定句形式，make用动词原形形式开头。故填make。 41．考查反身代词。句意：问问你自己，“这个人真的会说这样的话吗？”此处表示“问你自己”，用反身代词yourself (你自己)。故填yourself。 42．考查介词。句意：Wael Abd-Almageed还建议以较慢的速度观看视频，这样你就可以发现不一致的地方。固定搭配at a…rate (以……速率)。故填at。 2 43．designer 44．to place 45．first 46．with 47．currently 48．weighing 49．a 50．is intended 51．which 52．have been planning 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国下一代载人火箭预计将在2027年左右进行首飞。 43．考查名词。句意：高级火箭设计师赵新国表示，这种新型火箭是中国雄心勃勃的航天员登月计划的重要支柱。分析句子可知，空处作Zhao Xinguo的同位语，结合a senior rocket可知，design的名词形式designer符合题意，意为“设计师”，表示高级火箭设计师，且空前有a，designer应用单数形式。故填designer。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：高级火箭设计师赵新国表示，新火箭是中国雄心勃勃的航天员登月计划的重要支柱。名词plan后常跟不定式短语，作后置定语，表示计划的内容，空处应用place的不定式形式to place。故填to place。 45．考查序数词。句意：根据我们的计划，火箭首次发射任务的所有必要条件将在2027年准备就绪。根据上文的“make its maiden flight”可知，此处表示火箭首次发射任务，空处应用序数词first，意为“第一次，首次”。故填first。 46．考查介词。句意：赵新国说，新火箭高约90米，直径5米，这意味着它几乎是长征五号的两倍高，长征五号火箭是目前中国火箭家族中最大的。根据“a diameter (直径) of 5 meters”可知，此处用固定短语with a diameter of，意为“直径为……”，空处应用介词with构成该短语。故填with。 47．考查副词。句意：赵新国说，新火箭高约90米，直径5米，这意味着它几乎是长征五号的两倍高，长征五号火箭是目前中国火箭家族中最大的。根据空后“the biggest in China’s rocket family”可推知，此处表示“目前中国火箭家族中最大的”，空处应用current的副词形式currently，修饰形容词，意为“目前，当下”。故填currently。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：该火箭将能够携带重约27吨的航天器进入地月转换轨道，这是月球着陆的独特门户。分析句子可知，空处作spacecraft的后置定语，是非谓语动词，weigh和spacecraft逻辑上是主动关系，应用weigh的现在分词形式weighing。故填weighing。 49．考查冠词。句意：该火箭将能够携带重约27吨的航天器进入地月转换轨道，这是月球着陆的一个独特门户。分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一个，一种”，应用不定冠词，且unique以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 50．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：据项目经理介绍，新型重型火箭将用于中国未来将由新一代宇宙飞船执行的载人航天飞行，以及中国科学家长期以来一直计划的载人月球探测。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，intend和主语rocket之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is intended。 51．考查定语从句。句意：据项目经理介绍，新型重型火箭将用于中国未来将由新一代宇宙飞船执行的载人航天飞行，以及中国科学家长期以来一直计划的载人月球探测。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词manned spaceflights作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 52．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：据项目经理介绍，新型重型火箭将用于中国未来将由新一代宇宙飞船执行的载人航天飞行，以及中国科学家长期以来一直计划的载人月球探测。分析句子可知，空处作从句的谓语，时间状语为for a long time，动作从过去开始发生，且会继续进行下去，强调动作的延续，时态应用现在完成进行时，主语Chinese scientists为复数，助动词用have。故填have been planning。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$Unit 4 Meeting the muse Developing ideas 外研版2019必修第一册 1.light up照亮,点亮,(指人的脸等)放光彩, 容光焕发;点上(烟等)吸起来 (教材原句)The artworks by American artist Janet Echelman look like colourful floating clouds when they are lit up at night. 美国艺术家珍妮特·艾克曼创作了一系列艺术品,晚上将其点亮时,它们就像七彩浮云。 Rosie’s whole face lit up with excitement when she saw the present. 看到礼物的时候,罗茜满脸兴奋。 She lit up a candle after electricity was cut off. 停电后,她点燃了一支蜡烛。 【知识拓展】 (1)light　 n.光; 光亮; 光线　 adj.明亮的; 浅色的v.照亮; 点燃; 使容光焕发 (2)throw light on　　　　　 阐明 in (the)light of sth. 鉴于 as light as air/as a feather 很轻 【知识微练】单句语法填空/ 完成句子 ①(2023·浙江1月高考)He gathered handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and ____(light) the bunch to create a torch(火把). ②The sky ________(light) up by the fireworks.  ③I never thought that my little act of kindness should ____________greatly.  我从来没有想过我的一个小小的善举会令她如此喜悦。 ④The Greek philosopher ______________the problem.  希腊哲学家解释了这个问题。 ⑤Don’t always review the proposals _______________past experience.   不要总是照老经验来评论那些建议。 lit was lit light her up threw light on in (the) light of 2.contrast n.反差,对比 (2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast that shouldn’t work, but somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 这是一种截然不同的视觉对比,不应该起作用,但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世 界却很好地结合在一起。 And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 在我们日益网络化的生活中,我们所消费的信息受到监视和跟踪,与此相反, 印刷书籍仍然提供了一个完全私人的、远离网络活动的机会。 【知识拓展】 (1)in contrast to/with 　　 与……形成对比 (2)in/by contrast 相比之下 (3)contrast with 与……形成对比 (4)contrast...with... 把……与……进行对比 【知识微练】 完成句子 ① _____________ the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.  与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同反映的 是草根北京人的文化。 ②It’s interesting to _________the British customs ______the American ones. 把英国的习俗和美国的习俗加以比较很有趣。 ③She is easygoing,but her sister, _____________, is difficult to deal with.  她很随和,但相比之下,她妹妹就很难相处。 In contrast to contrast with by/in contrast [易混辨析]形近义远的单词 contract 　　 n.合同,契约 v.收缩 contact n.&v.接触,联系 【补偿训练】 选词填空 (contract, contact, contrast) ①Her actions ___________sharply with her promises. ②It was mistake on the part of Jones to sign the _________without reading it. ③He tried to get into ________with the local people but in vain. contrasted contract contact 3.accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;容易理解的 (教材原句)Now art is more accessible to us than ever before. 现在,我们比以往任何时候都更容易接触艺术。 As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. 随着城市的飞速发展,生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近大自然。 There is a distinct need for an efficient health service that is accessible to all. 显然人人需要能获得有效的保健服务。 【知识拓展】 (1)be accessible to 可进入……;可使用…… (2)access n.使用权; 进入的权利;通道 v.接近;获取 access to 接近……的机会;进入……的权利;进入 have/get/gain/obtain access to... 得以接近/进入…… 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①(2022·浙江高考)We focus on urban areas where access ____nature is often not that easy. ② (2021·北京高考)Your application _______________(access)by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months.  ③The magazine makes complex ideas attractive and __________(access)to children. ④现在,随着希望工程的实施,几乎所有的孩子都有机会接受教育。 →Nowadays, with the Hope Project carried out, education ______________almost every child.(accessible)  →Nowadays, with the Hope Project carried out, almost every child _____________ education.(access)  to will be accessed accessible is accessible to has access to 4.come to(one’s)mind 突然出现在(某人)脑海里,突然被想到 What comes into your mind when you think of British food? 当你想到英国食物时,什么会突然出现在你的脑海里? We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. 我们好像拿不定主意要一个现代化的城市还是一个传统的城市。 This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. 这项工作拓展了我的思维,这是在四面墙的教室里不可能做到的。 【知识拓展】 (1)cross/enter one’s mind　 掠过/ 进入某人的脑海 (2)broaden one’s mind 开阔心胸 (3)change one’s mind 改变主意 (4)lose one’s mind 失去理智 (5)keep/bear...in mind 把……记在心上 (6)keep/bear in mind that... 记住…… (7)make up one’s mind 拿定主意;下定决心 【知识微练】完成句子 ①Integrity and honesty are words that ______________________________________________ when talking of the man.  正直和诚实是我在谈论这个人时想到的词。 ②He will ______the beautiful girl _________forever.  他将永远记住那位美丽的姑娘。 ③Instead of being a full-time housewife, she has __________________to devote her life to the cause of education.  她已经决心把自己的一生奉献给教育事业,而不是做一个全职太太。 ④In my opinion, the more you travel, the more you can __________________.  在我看来,你旅游越多,越能开阔你的心胸。 come to/into my mind/cross my mind/enter my mind keep in mind made up her mind broaden your mind 5.innovative adj.新颖的,创新的,革新的;运用新观念和新方法的 The teacher tried to use an innovative approach to language teaching in order to improve the students’ interest. 为了提高学生的兴趣,老师试图用一种创新的方法进行语言教学。 Without curiosity, we will lose the spirit of innovation. 没有好奇心,我们就会失去创新精神。 【知识拓展】 (1)innovate　　　　 v.创新;改革;引入 (2)innovation n.创新,革新;新方法 (3)innovator n.改革者,创新者 【知识微练】单句语法填空/一句多译 ①This is an ___________(innovate) design team so they won’t let you down. ②They’ve carried out one ___________(innovate) after another. ③我们为取得进步已准备好革新。 →We _______________________in order to make progress.(innovate)   →We __________________________in order to make progress.(innovation)  →We ___________________________in order to make progress.(innovative)  innovative innovation are prepared to innovate are prepared for innovation are prepared to be innovative 6.distinct adj. 清晰的;明显不同的 We can arrive at the conclusion that men and women have distinct attitudes towards a home. 我们可以得出结论,男人和女人对家有不同的态度。 Can you make a clear distinction between the two terms? 你能分清这两个术语吗? Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. 虽然中西部的风景往往很相似,要么是农田,要么是高速公路,但有时我在山丘或湖泊中会发现与众不同的地方。 【知识拓展】 (1)be distinct from...　 与……不同 (2)distinctly adv.明显地;无疑地;确实地 (3)distinction n.区别;差别 (4)distinctive adj.独特的,与众不同的 【知识微练】单句语法填空/完成句子 ①He could remember everything very __________(distinct). ②The ___________(distinct) between craft and fine art is more controversial. ③The stone-pot chicken is perhaps the most ___________(distinct) dish in Xizang. ④When she heard that her son had ___________________in the competition, her eyes lit up.   当她听说她儿子在比赛中有明显的优势时,她的眼睛亮了起来。 ⑤The task assigned to them _______________ours. 分配给他们的任务与我们的不同。  distinctly distinction distinctive a distinct advantage is distinct from 7.a variety of =varieties of各种各样的 (教材原句)To do this, they have used a variety of tools and technologies. 为此,人们使用了各种各样的工具和技术。 So far we have conducted a variety of / various activities on English learning. 目前我们已经开展了各种各样的英语学习活动。 The weather in this area varies from minute to minute, so it’s best to be prepared for anything. 这个地区的天气瞬息万变,所以最好做好应对各种情况的准备。 【知识拓展】 (1)vary　　　　　　 v.变化,不同 vary from...to... 在……到……之间变化;从……到……不等 vary with 随……而变化 vary in 在某方面不同 (2)various adj.不同的;各种各样的 【知识微练】 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A ________(vary) of investments can lower your risks so there is no need to put all your eggs into one basket. ②The prices of fruit and vegetables vary ______the season. ③The samples varied ____quality but were generally acceptable. ④_____________________________ heavy industries grew up alongside the port.  各种重工业在港口边上兴起并发展起来。 ⑤Food likes and dislikes _____________________________________________.  食物的喜恶因人而异,因文化而异。 variety with in A variety of/Varieties of/Various vary from person to person, from culture to culture 8.rather than而不是 (教材原句)Yet Michelangelo and others have been labelled as “artists” rather than “technicians”. 然而,米开朗基罗等人一直被称为“艺术家”而非“能工巧匠”。 There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed by hand rather than rolled. 在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多的馅,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。 【知识拓展】 (1)rather than用作连词,连接两个平行结构。 它构成的句型结构: prefer to do...rather than do... 宁可做……而不愿意做…… would rather do...than do... 宁可做……而不愿意做…… (2)rather than用作介词,与instead of同义。 (3)A rather than B作主语时,谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一致。 【知识微练】单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Jeremy rather than his friends ____________ (defeat) in the contest.  ②他宁愿过苦日子也不愿意用不正当的手段挣钱。 →He ______________a hard life ______________________by dishonest methods.  →He _________________a hard life _________________by dishonest methods.  was defeated prefers to live rather than make money would rather live than make money 9.Whatever your opinion, people have been expressing their thoughts and ideas through art for thousands of years.  无论你的看法如何,数千年来,人们一直通过艺术表达自己的思想和理念。 [句式解构] 　　本句话中“Whatever your opinion”中省略了系动词is,为让步状语从句。whatever不仅可以引导让步状语从句,而且可以引导名词性从句,但是no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。 whichever和whoever与whatever一样,既可以引导让步状语从句,也可以引导名词性从句;whenever,wherever,however通常只能引导让步状语从句。 Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. 无论这件事是什么、有多小,都要把它记下来。 He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. 无论他们在做什么,他总是尽自己最大的能力参加。 【知识微练】完成句子 ①Be sure to arrive at the theater on time. _______________will miss the splendid opening.   一定要准时到达剧场。迟到的人会错过精彩的开幕式。 ②_______________________________, I believe in you.  不管你做什么,我都相信你。 ③_______________________, we will be delighted to see you.  无论你哪天来,我们都很高兴见到你。 ④_________________and whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.  无论你去哪里,也不管你做什么,我都会在这儿等你。 Whoever is late Whatever/No matter what you do Whichever day you come Wherever you go 10.Not only can we interact with art,but also take part in its creation.  我们不仅可以与艺术作品互动,还可以参与艺术作品的创作。 [句式解构] 句中“not only...,but also...”结构意为“不仅……,而且……”。 (1)not only...but (also)...连接两个并列分句,且not only位于句首时,其所在的分句需使用部分倒装。 (2)not only...but (also)...连接的两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。 Not only has it allowed me to see the world from a different perspective, appreciating the beauty in everyday life, but also I have gained a sense of accomplishment when I captured stunning images that convey emotions and narratives. 它不仅让我从不同角度看世界,欣赏日常生活中的美,而且当我捕捉到传达情感和叙事的惊人图像时,我获得了一种满足感。 Not only am I now more intellectually prepared for the world of work, but I am also more confident about my own abilities. 现在,我不仅在智力上为职场做了更多的准备,而且对自己的能力也更加自信。 【知识微练】单句语法填空/句型转换/完成句子 ①Not only the students but also the teacher _____(be) satisfied with the result of the competition. ②He not only did the work but also he finished it well. →__________________the work but also he finished it well.  ③You will not only enjoy Beijing Opera but also you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture. →_________________enjoy Beijing Opera but also you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture.  ④This activity ________________________________________________________ the significance of labor.  这次活动不仅丰富了我们的课外生活,而且让我们体会到了劳动的意义。 was Not only did he do Not only will you not only enriched our after-school life but also made us aware of 附：读后续写技能 排比(Parallelism) 一、定义 　　排比(Parallelism):一般由三个或三个以上短语或句子构成,其并列的结构相同或类似,意思相关,语气连贯,使得句子读起来流畅,富有节奏感。 二、佳句欣赏 1.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. 读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。 2.The sun shone warmly on the runway, the trees glowed in the warm sunlight,the bird sang in the sky and all the surroundings were encouraging David to complete the run. 阳光热烈地洒在跑道上,树木闪烁着暖光,鸟儿在天空中歌唱,这一切都在鼓励着David坚持完成跑步。 3.So don’t let us down.Don’t let your family down or your country down.Most of all, don’t let yourself down. 所以不要让我们失望。不要让你的家人或国家失望。最重要的是,不要让自己失望。 4.Don’t make promise when you are in joy.Don’t reply when you are sad.Don’t make decisions when you are angry.Think twice and act wise. 别在喜悦的时候许下承诺;别在悲伤的时候做出回答;别在愤怒的时候做出决定。三思而后行。 5.It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity,it was the season of light,it was the season of darkness,it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair. 这是最好的时代,也是最坏的时代;是智慧的时代,也是愚蠢的时代;是信仰的时代,也是怀疑的时代;是光明的季节,也是黑暗的季节;是充满希望的春天,也是令人绝望的冬天。 $$