2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项：定语从句讲解 课件

定语从句 CONTENTS 目录 01 什么是定语 03 定语从句的构成和引导词 02 定义的成分及位置 04 定语从句的特殊用法 什么是定语 （一）什么是定语 娜娜是个美丽的女人。 桌子上的笔是黑色的。 这两句话的定语是什么？ 什么是定语？ 只要听到。。。的 ，那么。。。的就是修饰这个名词的定语成分 4 定语的成分及位置 举例 找出下面的定语成分 ①那只可爱的乌鸦喜欢站在细细的电缆上。 ②住在年轻人隔壁的那个女孩应该很漂亮。 ③家境贫困的年轻人爱上了教授的女孩。 （二）定语的成分（哪些可以当定语） 1.形容词（短语）作定语 ①那只善良的鸟失去了它的生命。 The kind-hearted bird lost its life. ②这朵非凡的玫瑰花变成了深红色。 The extraordinary rose turns dark red. （二）定语的成分 2.名词（短语）作定语 ①乌鸦的歌声可以使这朵玫瑰花开放。 The Crow’s singing can make the rose bloom. 或The singing of the Crow can make the rose bloom. ②学生爱上了教授的女儿。 The student falls in love with the professor’s daughter. The student falls in love with the daughter of the professor. 8 （二）定语的成分 3.介词短语作定语 ①窗外的乌鸦听到了年轻人的叹息 The crow out of the window heard the sign of the young man. ②我只有一朵和浪花沫一样白的玫瑰花。 I only have a rose as white as foams. 9 （二）定语的成分 4.非谓语动词作定语 ①那只唱歌的乌鸦死得很可怜。 The singing crow died pitfully. ②单纯的乌鸦一定爱上了那个被女孩欺骗的学生。 The innocent crow must have fallen in love with the student deceived by the girl. 10 （二）定语的成分 5.从句作定语 ①你昨天错过的会议非常重要。 The meeting that you have missed yesterday was quite important. ②我喜欢你昨天买的那个蛋糕。 I like the cake which you bought yesterday. 11 （二）定语的成分 代词？数词？是否也可以作定语？ 12 （二）定语的位置 总结：定语的位置取决于它的长短。当一个单词修饰名词（短语）时通常放在名词（短语）前，当两个单词修饰名词（短语）时通常放在名词（短语）后。但是，注意过去分词作后置定语时，即使的一个单词也放在名词（短语）后。 “前小后大” 13 举例 ①这是个乌鸦和玫瑰的故事。 This a story about a crow and a rose. ②在舞会上，那个懂爱的年轻人被拒绝了。 At the party,the young man konwing love was rejected. 14 举例 ③那个被抛弃的男孩看起来很可怜。 The dumped boy looks pitful. The boy dumped looks pitful. 当过去分词修饰名词时，即使的一个单词也放在名词（短语）后。 15 定语的构成和引导词 先看一个例句 Her favorite celebrity is Kobe who is good at playing basketball. 17 (一）定语从句的构成 先行词+引导词（连接词）+分句 Her favorite celebrity is Kobe who is good at playing basketball. 分析： 先行词：Kobe 定语从句所要修饰的名词 引导词（连接词）：who 分句：is good at playing basketball 18 (二）定语从句的引导词 定语从句的引导词分为几类 关系代词和关系副词 哪些是关系代词？ 哪些是关系副词? 19 (二）定语从句的关系代词 第一组： The girl who lives next door is my friend. This is the man who I was speaking to. 请找出这两个句子的引导词，先行词 引导词：who 先行词：girl;man 思考：引导词在句中有没有充当成分？ 20 (二）定语从句的关系代词 第二组： This is the man whom I was speaking to. 请找出这两个句子的引导词，先行词 引导词：whom 先行词：man 思考：引导词在句中有没有充当成分？ 21 (二）定语从句的关系代词 第三组： This is the buliding which is the tallest one in our city. The phone which he bought last week doesn’t work. 请找出这两个句子的引导词，先行词 引导词：which 先行词：buliding; phone 思考：引导词在句中有没有充当成分？ 22 (二）定语从句的关系代词 第四组： This is the boy whose father is a doctor. I like the house whose window faces south. 请找出这两个句子的引导词，先行词 引导词：whose 先行词：boy; house 思考：引导词在句中有没有充当成分？ 23 (二）定语从句的关系代词 第五组： She is the girl that talked to you yesterday. You are the person that I want to see. The coat that I put on the desk is blue. I like music that I can dance to. 请找出这四个句子的引导词，先行词 引导词：that 先行词：girl; person;coat；music 思考：引导词在句中有没有充当成分？ 24 (二）定语从句的关系代词 第六组： I live in the same place as Tom does. He’s not such a fool as he looks. He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford. I had coffee after dinner, as is my usual practice 引导词as 常见于the same..as ;such..as;as...as 25 (二）定语从句的关系代词 引导定语从句的关系代词：who;whom;which;whose;that 关系代词 修饰对象 充当成分 who 人 主，宾 whom 人 宾 which 物 主，宾 whose 人，物 定 that 人，物 主，宾 that作宾语时可以省略 26 练习 1.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. A. what B. who C. whom D. which 2.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy? A. what B. which C. who D. whom 4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting. A. / B. why C. when D. what 27 (三）定语从句的关系副词 常见的定语从句关系副词：when;where;why Tom got married in 2000 when he was 24 years old. This is the town where he was born. This is the reason why I was late this morning. 三句话的先行词分别是什么？ 如何选择用哪个关系副词？ 思考：引导词在句中有没有充当成分？ 28 (三）定语从句的关系副词 when→先行词是时间→不充当成分 where→先行词是地点→不充当成分 why→先行词是原因→不充当成分 补充： when=on which where=in which why=for which 29 定语从句练习小技巧 ①判断句子是否缺少成分（缺少什么成分） 缺少成分选关系代词；不缺少成分选关系副词 ②如果确定缺少成分，结合先行词 ③如果确定不缺少成分，看先行词是时间，地点，还是原因 关系代词 修饰对象 充当成分 who 人 主，宾 whom 人 宾 which 物 主，宾 whose 人，物 定 that 人，物 主，宾 30 定语从句的特殊用法 定语从句的特殊用法 1.that引导定语从句时，如果that 在从句中充当宾语，that 可以省略。 ①He is reading the book he bought yesterday. 他正在看他昨天买的那本书。 ②I enjoy the movie we saw yesterday. 我喜欢我们昨天看的那部电影。 32 定语从句的特殊用法 2.区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句→前面加了个逗号 The vegetables that people leave uneaten（不吃） are often the most nuritious(营养）. Broccoli(花椰菜),which people often leave uneaten is very nuritious. 非限制性定语从句→非必要性定语从句（相当于插入语） 33 定语从句的特殊用法 3.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 当先行词和引导词之间有介词时 修饰人，只能用whom He is the student with whom my teacher talked. 修饰物，只能用which This is the hotel at which I like to stay. 34 定语从句的特殊用法 4.定语从句引导词which和that的区别 （1）用which 的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句 Broccoli(花椰菜),which people often leave uneaten is very nuritious. ②放在介词后作宾语用which This is the hotel at which I like to stay. 35 定语从句的特殊用法 4.定语从句引导词which和that的区别 （2）用that 的情况 ①当先行词是anything, everything, nothing（something除外）, few, all,none, little, some等代词，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much,each等修饰时，只能用that All that can be done has been done．所有能做的都做了。 There is little（that）I can do for you．我几乎不能为你做什么。 36 定语从句的特殊用法 4.定语从句引导词which和that的区别 （2）用that 的情况 ②当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，只能用that Who is the man that is standing there？正站在那儿的那个人是谁？ ③当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that This is the best film that I have seen．这是我看过的最好的一部电影。 37 定语从句的特殊用法 4.定语从句引导词which和that的区别 （2）用that 的情况 ④当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 ⑤当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时，只能用that。 The writer and his works that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都仰慕你告诉我的那位作家和他所做的作品。 38 补充:区分定语从句和同位语从句 I had a dream that was definitely sweet. I had a dream that I would become a rich lady someday. 判断哪个是定语从句哪个是同位语从句？ 怎么区分定语从句和同位语从句？ 39 定语和定语从句实际翻译应用 英翻中 We konw that a cat,whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes,can see clearly at night. 我们知道，猫的眼睛比我们的眼睛吸收更多的光线，所以在晚上也能看得清楚。 Love is like warm sunlight,which will not only bring joy to those who are loved but also add more pleasure to those who love. 爱就像温暖的阳光，不仅给被爱的人带来欢乐，也给爱的人增加许多快乐。 40 定语和定语从句实际翻译应用 中翻英 我前天收到了一封用法语写的信。 I received a letter written in French the day before yesterday. 她是那个努力学习数学的女孩。 She is the girl who learns maths very hard. 我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。 I will never forget the days that/which/不填 we spend together. 41 $$