04.极光现象-2025年高考英语一轮复习阅读热点话题

2025年高考英语一轮复习阅读热点话题 2025年高考英语一轮复习阅读热点话题 04.极光现象 一、阅读理解 1 Did you know that the sun has weather? The sun’s weather, called space weather, can affect the entire solar system. The sun is continuously blowing a stream of tiny particles (颗粒) in all directions, called the solar wind, which is mostly made up of hydrogen (氢). It blows at hundreds of kilometres per second and has been blowing onto the Earth for billions of years. But why hasn’t it crashed into us? Actually, the Earth has a magnetic field (磁场), which causes the planet to act like a giant magnet in space and protects the Earth from the solar wind. The Earth’s magnetic field is what causes a compass to work. The magnetic field can’t be seen, but we can measure it with magnets and other scientific instruments. The particles that make up the solar wind are made to change direction by the Earth’s magnetic field, so they mostly pass around the Barth without crashing into us. But it’s not an immaculate protection — because of the shape of the Earth’s magnetic field, close to the North and South Poles, a little bit of the solar wind can sometimes get through and crash directly into the atmosphere. This crash happens between very tiny particles at an incredible speed. Therefore, instead of throwing off smaller pieces or exploding, the particles give off light, causing polar lights. The colors of the light tell us what type of atmospheric particle is being crashed into by the solar wind. For example, red and green are from oxygen. What the polar lights, also known as auroras, exactly look like depends on the state of the Earth’s magnetic field and the atmosphere, but more directly depends on space weather. Sometimes the sun produces a storm, which typically will cause an impressive view of auroras only for people who live in the far north and south of the world, underneath the part of the Earth’s magnetic field that can let the solar wind through. But sometimes, a really powerful storm can cause the auroras to be visible in some other places as well. 1．What is mentioned about the magnetic field? A．It can be measured by a compass. B．It saves the Earth from external hits. C．It attracts the solar wind to the Earth. D．It can be seen with scientific instruments. 2．What does the underlined word “immaculate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Perfect. B．Common. C．Impressive. D．Changeable. 3．What can be a main factor impacting the color of the polar lights? A．The speed of the solar wind. B．The tiny colorful objects in space. C．The shape of the Earth’s magnetic field. D．The affected particle types in the atmosphere. 4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Powerful storms happen frequently on the sun. B．Space weather may widen the Earth’s magnetic field. C．Solar winds“ force plays a role in auroras” visible range. D．Auroras’ appearance relies mostly on the Earth’s atmosphere. 2 Revealing the source of Jupiter’s x-ray auroral flares Abstract Jupiter’s rapidly rotating, strong magnetic field provides a natural laboratory that is key to understanding the dynamics (动力学) of high-energy plasmas (等离子体). Spectacular auroral (极光的) X-ray flares (耀斑) are diagnostic of the most energetic processes governing magnetospheres but seemingly unique to Jupiter. Since their discovery 40 years ago, the processes that produce Jupiter’s X-ray flares have remained unknown. Here, we report simultaneous (同时的) in situ satellite and space-based telescope observations that reveal the processes that produce Jupiter’s X-ray flares, showing surprising similarities to terrestrial ion aurora. Planetary-scale electromagnetic waves are observed to modulate (调节) electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, periodically causing heavy ions to precipitate and produce Jupiter’s X-ray pulses. Our findings show that ion aurorae share common mechanisms across planetary systems, despite temporal, spatial, and energetic scales varying by orders of magnitude. INTRODUCTION Aurorae, observed from planetary polar regions across the solar system, are displays of light that are produced when energetic particles precipitate along magnetic field lines and transfer their energy to the atmosphere. Jupiter’s soft x-ray aurorae are produced by energetic [~ (MeV) (电子伏)] heavy ions (S and O), originally from the moon Io’s (木卫一的) volcanic activities. The dynamic X-ray emissions often pulse with a regular beat of a few tens of minutes. The spectacular quasi-periodic (准周期性的) auroral pulsations at Jupiter have also been observed in ultraviolet (UV), infrared, and radio emissions. The X-ray aurorae are predominately confined (主要局限于) to the region poleward of Jupiter’s main aurora, connecting to Jupiter’s outer magnetosphere via magnetic field lines. The mapping of the emissions leads to the suggestion that the particle precipitations were driven by magnetic reconnection. However, observations show that the x-ray pulsations last for several Jupiter days or longer, evidencing that the driver may not be a transient process like magnetic reconnection. To date, 40 years after their discovery, the mechanisms that cause these X-ray aurorae remain unknown. Simultaneous measurements of the magnetospheric environment and the auroral emissions are critical to revealing their driving mechanisms. Here, we present observations of Jupiter’s unique x-ray aurorae with simultaneous in situ measurements from the magnetosphere. In this study, we reveal the physical driver for Jupiter’s pulsating x-ray emissions by analyzing simultaneous in situ measurements from Juno and remote spectroscopic imaging by XMM-Newton telescope (XMM，牛顿卫星) during 16 and 17 July 2017. XMM’s European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC-pn and MOS) instruments provided spatial, spectral, and timing data of Jupiter for a continuous 26-hour (~2.6 Jupiter rotations) observation from 18:26 UT on 16 July to 22:13 UT on 17 July, which was shifted to account for the ~46-min light travel time between Jupiter and Earth. This XMM observation was planned to coincide with the time when NASA’s Juno spacecraft was moving from 62 to 68 RJ (1 RJ = 71 492 km) radially away from the planet in the Southern Hemisphere in the predawn sector between ~0400 and 0430 magnetospheric local time (MLT). Ionosphere-magnetosphere (电离层) mapping from previous observations suggested that the origins of Jupiter’s X-ray auroral pulsations occurred at these distances from the planet. Juno provided contemporaneous (同时发生的) in situ measurements from the plasma sheet only when Jupiter’s north magnetic pole tilted to Earth. Therefore, we focus on the northern aurora, for which Juno’s in situ measurements detail what was happening in the plasma sheet during the X-ray pulses. At Jupiter, the analysis of these comparisons between in situ and remote sensing observations is more complex than at Earth. At Earth, during the time scale of an auroral event, typically tens of minutes, a spacecraft in the terrestrial magnetosphere usually travels little (e.g., hundreds of kilometers) in comparison to the spatial scale of a magnetospheric event (e.g., several Earth radii) that would cause a large auroral brightening so that this in situ spacecraft could be magnetically connected to the aurora region over the full auroral lifetime. This is not true for Jupiter, because the footprint of the aurora (which is rotating with Jupiter) with respect to Juno’s location changes substantially during an observation. There are also substantial travel times (a few tens of minutes) along the magnetic field expected from the outer magnetosphere to the Jovian aurora. Therefore, the correlation between a single outer magnetosphere event in Jupiter’s in situ measurements and a single auroral pulse cannot be expected on a one-to-one level basis. Instead, a series of successive events are required to draw reliable careful correlations, with the regular periodicity of the x-ray flares, providing an invaluable diagnostic signature of the source process. (Adapted from an essay on Science.) 5．What does the essay focus on? A．The X-ray pulses happening on Jupiter. B．The formation of the aurora in the pole of Jupiter. C．The ways to teach people how to appreciate auroras. D．The process of detecting the X-ray pulses on Jupiter. 6．What will the author present in the next content of the essay? A．Their conclusions. B．Their measure to do the research. C．Discussion of some problems of preciseness. D．Their acknowledgements. 7．The word “infrared” is underlined and in Italics. What is the meaning of the word? A．辐射 B．红外线技术的 C．太阳风 D．红外线 8．Which of the followings is NOT TRUE about the auroral flares on Jupiter? A．The strong magnetic is a good breakthrough point to research the auroral flares. B．The X-ray pulses will last for several days on Jupiter. C．The soft X-rays are caused by high-energy ions. D．The X-ray pulses beat regular on Jupiter. 3 GPS has completely transformed how we get around. But other animals have long had their navigation (导航) systems built right in --- like ants and bees. “We know their eyes are quite sensitive to polarized light (偏振光), and the sky has a particular pattern of polarized light, connected with the position of the sun.” says Barbara Webb, a bioroboticist at the University of Edinburgh. You can see polarized light firsthand if you take a pair of polarized sunglasses and spin them against the sky --- the light passing through the lenses changes. Webb says the insects have polarization like that built into flat sides of their compound eyes. “You can think of it as the equal of having a little polarization directional filter (滤镜) over them or lots of sunglasses pointed in different directions.” But Webb was curious about whether there's really enough information in the sky to give insects an accurate sense of direction. So her team built a sensor modeled after a desert ant eye and put it under artificial light meant to simulate the sky. They then fed that sensor input into a model meant to copy the brains of desert ants and other insects with a sky compass. And they found that with the insects' natural sensing and processing equipment, they can likely sense compass direction down to just a couple degrees of error. A system based on that of insects could someday be a cheap, low-energy alternative to GPS. “Insects have very tiny brains, a brain that's using hardly any energy. And yet they're still able to navigate better than we can with GPS, which is a huge system.” Webb is now working on building a robot that can, like the desert ant, use light to get its direction. Although after sundown, it may have to ask for directions. 9．What make(s) it possible for ants and bees to sense the direction? A．Flat eyes. B．Polarization. C．A directional filter. D．Polarized sunglasses. 10．Why did Webb and her team build a sensor? A．To copy the brains of desert ants. B．To model after the desert ant eye. C．To satisfy their desire for answers. D．To test an accurate sense of direction. 11．What is the future navigation system supposed to do? A．To save energy. B．To be a substitute for GPS. C．To guide the blind. D．To help GPS work better. 12．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an invention. B．To praise a scientific achievement. C．To present new scientific findings. D．To encourage people to learn science. 4 Finland lies in the north of Europe, and has Russia to the east. It is two different places in winter and summer. Summers there are fairly dry and hot, although by August things can already begin to get cold and unpleasant. Of course, winters are cold, but the cold is dry. In most parts snow comes in October and clears by the end of March, but in the northern parts snow can fall as early as September and stay until late May. The tourist season in southern Finland is from early June to late August. This is when all the tourist attractions and summer programs are open, with steamboats and ferries (渡船) traveling on the lakes and rivers, and festivals become very lively. Finnish holidays are from the summer high season in late June to the end of July. This is the time period of nights with sunlight, when Finland doesn�t seem to sleep. The tourist season in northern Finland is different. Mosquitoes can be annoying in July, but September is lovely with its autumn colors. October, February and March are good times to visit the north of Finland to view the aurora borealis (北极光), and enjoy winter activities such as skiing and dog sledding. The Christmas holiday period is also one of the best times in Finland —after all, this is the "official" home of Santa Claus. Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is popular all year round. 13．What do we learn about Finland from the first paragraph? A．It is to the east of Russia. B．The weather in winter is wet. C．It is the coldest country in Europe. D．The weather in September can be unpleasant. 14．What�s the longest time the snow can last in Finland? A．9 months. B．10 months. C．7 months. D．6 months. 15．In the summer high season, Finland doesn�t seem to sleep because ________. A．the sun is out at night B．people in Finland work at night C．people would rather go traveling D．lots of lights are on because of the tourist season 16．What do we learn about the tourist season in northern Finland? A．There are few autumn colors in September. B．Summer is a good time to visit northern Finland. C．Tourists can enjoy the aurora borealis in October. D．Santa Claus comes from Helsinki, the capital of Finland 5 Aurora Borealis (北极光), the Northern Lights, showcases beautiful green, pink, blue and violet colored lights dancing in the night sky. Here are some of the best places to see the northern lights around the world. Tromsø, Norway Tromsø is right in the center of the Norwegian Arctic aurora zone, making it one of the best places to witness the Aurora Borealis annually. This city has wonderful northern light views from September to April. Travelers can stay in Thon Hotel Tromsø, a mid-range hotel that offers viewing spots on the roof deck. Thon Hotel Tromsø rate: Starts at $11 per night Best activity besides viewing the northern lights: Husky Tours Orkney, Scotland Orkney is 10 miles from the remote northern coast of Scotland and is one of the best locations to view the Aurora Borealis in the UK. Travelers can witness the northern lights between September and March during cold and dark evenings. The Kirkwall Hotel: Starts at $86 per room per night Other popular places in Orkney: Wideford Hill and Inganess Bay Lapland, Finland Lapland is another location within the Arctic Circle, in Finland’s northernmost part. Travelers can expect to see the Northern Lights from late August to April, about 200 times annually. One of the best bucket list (愿望清单) experiences is watching the light show from Santa’s Hotel Aurora. Kakslauttane n Artic Resort Glass igloos: Starts at $484 per night Santa’s Hotel Aurora: Starts at $121 per night Yellowknife, Canada Yellowknife, more popular for being North America’s Aurora Capital, sits at the center of the Aurora Oval, with beautiful northern light views from mid-November to early April. Aurora Village tours are also available for viewing the northern lights, with free pick-up from hotels around the area. Aurora Village tour: Starts at $100 per person Aurora Village Hotel package: Rates differ during fall and winter 17．Which of the four locations has the longest season of viewing the Northern Lights? A．Tromsø. B．Orkney. C．Lapland. D．Yellowknife. 18．What is the lowest price for renting two rooms for one night in the Kirkwall Hotel? A．$ 172. B．$ 200. C．$ 222. D．$ 242. 19．Where might this passage be taken from? A．Science journal B．Tour guide C．Life magazine D．Entertainment express 二、语法填空 1 Scotland is a country in Great Britain, to the north of England. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow is 23 Largest city. Scotland has 24 (rough) 800 islands, but people only live on some of them. In the north of Scotland it is light until 11:30 p.m. in summer and in winter you can sometimes see the Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis, 25 are spectacular lights in the sky. Energy from the sun 26 (turn) the Earth’s sky green, red and other colors. At public and 27 (culture)events you can often hear traditional Scottish music and see traditional Scottish dancing. Pipers play music on bagpipes, a Celtic wind instrument with pipes and a bag. Pipers and dancers usually wear kilts, a traditional skirt 28 (wear) by men and women. Scots enjoy all types of music from folk 29 Rock and pop, and festivals like ‘The Edinburgh Festival’ or concerts in the Park 30 (be) very popular. The most popular sport in Scotland is football. Another popular game, golf 31 (invent) in Scotland in the Middle Ages. The famous Scottish Highland Games are a(n) 32 (combine) of culture and sport and Highland Games are celebrated all Over the World. 2 The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light! The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, 33 (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand 160km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but 34 could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth, 35 it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it 36 (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth? The aurora is made by something 37 (call) the ‘solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it 38 these particles. This wall is called the earth’s magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth’s magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash is to the particles that are already in our sky. And 39 this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place 40 (see) the auurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland to see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora, and they can never be sure 41 it will happen. But 42 do see it says that they will never forget it. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Hang had an experience that lit up his life. The PhD graduate from Wuhan University saw the light in the South Pole, he aurora australis (南极光) “I was amazed” It seemed to move like a swimming whale. But it comforted me 43 (emotion), relieving my 44 (lonely) and dullness. I thought it was a gift from heaven.” He photographed the natural phenomenon. Colorful lights 45 (produce) when the outer sphere of the atmosphere is disturbed by solar wind. He has more than 100,000 photos of the scenes 46 he witnessed during the approximately 500 days he spent at the bottom of the world. Li was not 47 a pleasure trip. He was working hard as part of China's 31st and 32nd polar expeditions to the South Pole. In his spare time, Li took pictures to pass the time.＂Standing under the aurora, I was shocked by the power of nature. We left our motherland and family, 48 we could see amazing views. The scene touched my heart deeply and only 49 (see) it with your own eyes can make you feel the same way. According to Li, his experience in the South Pole enabled him 50 (feel) nature. “When you  see the stars and auroras in the night sky, you have a feeling that universe 51 (talk) to you. The South Pole shaped me and 52 has become more than the name of a place for me. It is a distant home." 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2025年高考英语一轮复习阅读热点话题 2025年高考英语一轮复习阅读热点话题 04.极光现象 一、阅读理解 1 Did you know that the sun has weather? The sun’s weather, called space weather, can affect the entire solar system. The sun is continuously blowing a stream of tiny particles (颗粒) in all directions, called the solar wind, which is mostly made up of hydrogen (氢). It blows at hundreds of kilometres per second and has been blowing onto the Earth for billions of years. But why hasn’t it crashed into us? Actually, the Earth has a magnetic field (磁场), which causes the planet to act like a giant magnet in space and protects the Earth from the solar wind. The Earth’s magnetic field is what causes a compass to work. The magnetic field can’t be seen, but we can measure it with magnets and other scientific instruments. The particles that make up the solar wind are made to change direction by the Earth’s magnetic field, so they mostly pass around the Barth without crashing into us. But it’s not an immaculate protection — because of the shape of the Earth’s magnetic field, close to the North and South Poles, a little bit of the solar wind can sometimes get through and crash directly into the atmosphere. This crash happens between very tiny particles at an incredible speed. Therefore, instead of throwing off smaller pieces or exploding, the particles give off light, causing polar lights. The colors of the light tell us what type of atmospheric particle is being crashed into by the solar wind. For example, red and green are from oxygen. What the polar lights, also known as auroras, exactly look like depends on the state of the Earth’s magnetic field and the atmosphere, but more directly depends on space weather. Sometimes the sun produces a storm, which typically will cause an impressive view of auroras only for people who live in the far north and south of the world, underneath the part of the Earth’s magnetic field that can let the solar wind through. But sometimes, a really powerful storm can cause the auroras to be visible in some other places as well. 1．What is mentioned about the magnetic field? A．It can be measured by a compass. B．It saves the Earth from external hits. C．It attracts the solar wind to the Earth. D．It can be seen with scientific instruments. 2．What does the underlined word “immaculate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Perfect. B．Common. C．Impressive. D．Changeable. 3．What can be a main factor impacting the color of the polar lights? A．The speed of the solar wind. B．The tiny colorful objects in space. C．The shape of the Earth’s magnetic field. D．The affected particle types in the atmosphere. 4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A．Powerful storms happen frequently on the sun. B．Space weather may widen the Earth’s magnetic field. C．Solar winds“ force plays a role in auroras” visible range. D．Auroras’ appearance relies mostly on the Earth’s atmosphere. 2 Revealing the source of Jupiter’s x-ray auroral flares Abstract Jupiter’s rapidly rotating, strong magnetic field provides a natural laboratory that is key to understanding the dynamics (动力学) of high-energy plasmas (等离子体). Spectacular auroral (极光的) X-ray flares (耀斑) are diagnostic of the most energetic processes governing magnetospheres but seemingly unique to Jupiter. Since their discovery 40 years ago, the processes that produce Jupiter’s X-ray flares have remained unknown. Here, we report simultaneous (同时的) in situ satellite and space-based telescope observations that reveal the processes that produce Jupiter’s X-ray flares, showing surprising similarities to terrestrial ion aurora. Planetary-scale electromagnetic waves are observed to modulate (调节) electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, periodically causing heavy ions to precipitate and produce Jupiter’s X-ray pulses. Our findings show that ion aurorae share common mechanisms across planetary systems, despite temporal, spatial, and energetic scales varying by orders of magnitude. INTRODUCTION Aurorae, observed from planetary polar regions across the solar system, are displays of light that are produced when energetic particles precipitate along magnetic field lines and transfer their energy to the atmosphere. Jupiter’s soft x-ray aurorae are produced by energetic [~ (MeV) (电子伏)] heavy ions (S and O), originally from the moon Io’s (木卫一的) volcanic activities. The dynamic X-ray emissions often pulse with a regular beat of a few tens of minutes. The spectacular quasi-periodic (准周期性的) auroral pulsations at Jupiter have also been observed in ultraviolet (UV), infrared, and radio emissions. The X-ray aurorae are predominately confined (主要局限于) to the region poleward of Jupiter’s main aurora, connecting to Jupiter’s outer magnetosphere via magnetic field lines. The mapping of the emissions leads to the suggestion that the particle precipitations were driven by magnetic reconnection. However, observations show that the x-ray pulsations last for several Jupiter days or longer, evidencing that the driver may not be a transient process like magnetic reconnection. To date, 40 years after their discovery, the mechanisms that cause these X-ray aurorae remain unknown. Simultaneous measurements of the magnetospheric environment and the auroral emissions are critical to revealing their driving mechanisms. Here, we present observations of Jupiter’s unique x-ray aurorae with simultaneous in situ measurements from the magnetosphere. In this study, we reveal the physical driver for Jupiter’s pulsating x-ray emissions by analyzing simultaneous in situ measurements from Juno and remote spectroscopic imaging by XMM-Newton telescope (XMM，牛顿卫星) during 16 and 17 July 2017. XMM’s European Photon Imaging Camera (EPIC-pn and MOS) instruments provided spatial, spectral, and timing data of Jupiter for a continuous 26-hour (~2.6 Jupiter rotations) observation from 18:26 UT on 16 July to 22:13 UT on 17 July, which was shifted to account for the ~46-min light travel time between Jupiter and Earth. This XMM observation was planned to coincide with the time when NASA’s Juno spacecraft was moving from 62 to 68 RJ (1 RJ = 71 492 km) radially away from the planet in the Southern Hemisphere in the predawn sector between ~0400 and 0430 magnetospheric local time (MLT). Ionosphere-magnetosphere (电离层) mapping from previous observations suggested that the origins of Jupiter’s X-ray auroral pulsations occurred at these distances from the planet. Juno provided contemporaneous (同时发生的) in situ measurements from the plasma sheet only when Jupiter’s north magnetic pole tilted to Earth. Therefore, we focus on the northern aurora, for which Juno’s in situ measurements detail what was happening in the plasma sheet during the X-ray pulses. At Jupiter, the analysis of these comparisons between in situ and remote sensing observations is more complex than at Earth. At Earth, during the time scale of an auroral event, typically tens of minutes, a spacecraft in the terrestrial magnetosphere usually travels little (e.g., hundreds of kilometers) in comparison to the spatial scale of a magnetospheric event (e.g., several Earth radii) that would cause a large auroral brightening so that this in situ spacecraft could be magnetically connected to the aurora region over the full auroral lifetime. This is not true for Jupiter, because the footprint of the aurora (which is rotating with Jupiter) with respect to Juno’s location changes substantially during an observation. There are also substantial travel times (a few tens of minutes) along the magnetic field expected from the outer magnetosphere to the Jovian aurora. Therefore, the correlation between a single outer magnetosphere event in Jupiter’s in situ measurements and a single auroral pulse cannot be expected on a one-to-one level basis. Instead, a series of successive events are required to draw reliable careful correlations, with the regular periodicity of the x-ray flares, providing an invaluable diagnostic signature of the source process. (Adapted from an essay on Science.) 5．What does the essay focus on? A．The X-ray pulses happening on Jupiter. B．The formation of the aurora in the pole of Jupiter. C．The ways to teach people how to appreciate auroras. D．The process of detecting the X-ray pulses on Jupiter. 6．What will the author present in the next content of the essay? A．Their conclusions. B．Their measure to do the research. C．Discussion of some problems of preciseness. D．Their acknowledgements. 7．The word “infrared” is underlined and in Italics. What is the meaning of the word? A．辐射 B．红外线技术的 C．太阳风 D．红外线 8．Which of the followings is NOT TRUE about the auroral flares on Jupiter? A．The strong magnetic is a good breakthrough point to research the auroral flares. B．The X-ray pulses will last for several days on Jupiter. C．The soft X-rays are caused by high-energy ions. D．The X-ray pulses beat regular on Jupiter. 3 GPS has completely transformed how we get around. But other animals have long had their navigation (导航) systems built right in --- like ants and bees. “We know their eyes are quite sensitive to polarized light (偏振光), and the sky has a particular pattern of polarized light, connected with the position of the sun.” says Barbara Webb, a bioroboticist at the University of Edinburgh. You can see polarized light firsthand if you take a pair of polarized sunglasses and spin them against the sky --- the light passing through the lenses changes. Webb says the insects have polarization like that built into flat sides of their compound eyes. “You can think of it as the equal of having a little polarization directional filter (滤镜) over them or lots of sunglasses pointed in different directions.” But Webb was curious about whether there's really enough information in the sky to give insects an accurate sense of direction. So her team built a sensor modeled after a desert ant eye and put it under artificial light meant to simulate the sky. They then fed that sensor input into a model meant to copy the brains of desert ants and other insects with a sky compass. And they found that with the insects' natural sensing and processing equipment, they can likely sense compass direction down to just a couple degrees of error. A system based on that of insects could someday be a cheap, low-energy alternative to GPS. “Insects have very tiny brains, a brain that's using hardly any energy. And yet they're still able to navigate better than we can with GPS, which is a huge system.” Webb is now working on building a robot that can, like the desert ant, use light to get its direction. Although after sundown, it may have to ask for directions. 9．What make(s) it possible for ants and bees to sense the direction? A．Flat eyes. B．Polarization. C．A directional filter. D．Polarized sunglasses. 10．Why did Webb and her team build a sensor? A．To copy the brains of desert ants. B．To model after the desert ant eye. C．To satisfy their desire for answers. D．To test an accurate sense of direction. 11．What is the future navigation system supposed to do? A．To save energy. B．To be a substitute for GPS. C．To guide the blind. D．To help GPS work better. 12．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To introduce an invention. B．To praise a scientific achievement. C．To present new scientific findings. D．To encourage people to learn science. 4 Finland lies in the north of Europe, and has Russia to the east. It is two different places in winter and summer. Summers there are fairly dry and hot, although by August things can already begin to get cold and unpleasant. Of course, winters are cold, but the cold is dry. In most parts snow comes in October and clears by the end of March, but in the northern parts snow can fall as early as September and stay until late May. The tourist season in southern Finland is from early June to late August. This is when all the tourist attractions and summer programs are open, with steamboats and ferries (渡船) traveling on the lakes and rivers, and festivals become very lively. Finnish holidays are from the summer high season in late June to the end of July. This is the time period of nights with sunlight, when Finland doesn�t seem to sleep. The tourist season in northern Finland is different. Mosquitoes can be annoying in July, but September is lovely with its autumn colors. October, February and March are good times to visit the north of Finland to view the aurora borealis (北极光), and enjoy winter activities such as skiing and dog sledding. The Christmas holiday period is also one of the best times in Finland —after all, this is the "official" home of Santa Claus. Helsinki, the capital of Finland, is popular all year round. 13．What do we learn about Finland from the first paragraph? A．It is to the east of Russia. B．The weather in winter is wet. C．It is the coldest country in Europe. D．The weather in September can be unpleasant. 14．What�s the longest time the snow can last in Finland? A．9 months. B．10 months. C．7 months. D．6 months. 15．In the summer high season, Finland doesn�t seem to sleep because ________. A．the sun is out at night B．people in Finland work at night C．people would rather go traveling D．lots of lights are on because of the tourist season 16．What do we learn about the tourist season in northern Finland? A．There are few autumn colors in September. B．Summer is a good time to visit northern Finland. C．Tourists can enjoy the aurora borealis in October. D．Santa Claus comes from Helsinki, the capital of Finland 5 Aurora Borealis (北极光), the Northern Lights, showcases beautiful green, pink, blue and violet colored lights dancing in the night sky. Here are some of the best places to see the northern lights around the world. Tromsø, Norway Tromsø is right in the center of the Norwegian Arctic aurora zone, making it one of the best places to witness the Aurora Borealis annually. This city has wonderful northern light views from September to April. Travelers can stay in Thon Hotel Tromsø, a mid-range hotel that offers viewing spots on the roof deck. Thon Hotel Tromsø rate: Starts at $11 per night Best activity besides viewing the northern lights: Husky Tours Orkney, Scotland Orkney is 10 miles from the remote northern coast of Scotland and is one of the best locations to view the Aurora Borealis in the UK. Travelers can witness the northern lights between September and March during cold and dark evenings. The Kirkwall Hotel: Starts at $86 per room per night Other popular places in Orkney: Wideford Hill and Inganess Bay Lapland, Finland Lapland is another location within the Arctic Circle, in Finland’s northernmost part. Travelers can expect to see the Northern Lights from late August to April, about 200 times annually. One of the best bucket list (愿望清单) experiences is watching the light show from Santa’s Hotel Aurora. Kakslauttane n Artic Resort Glass igloos: Starts at $484 per night Santa’s Hotel Aurora: Starts at $121 per night Yellowknife, Canada Yellowknife, more popular for being North America’s Aurora Capital, sits at the center of the Aurora Oval, with beautiful northern light views from mid-November to early April. Aurora Village tours are also available for viewing the northern lights, with free pick-up from hotels around the area. Aurora Village tour: Starts at $100 per person Aurora Village Hotel package: Rates differ during fall and winter 17．Which of the four locations has the longest season of viewing the Northern Lights? A．Tromsø. B．Orkney. C．Lapland. D．Yellowknife. 18．What is the lowest price for renting two rooms for one night in the Kirkwall Hotel? A．$ 172. B．$ 200. C．$ 222. D．$ 242. 19．Where might this passage be taken from? A．Science journal B．Tour guide C．Life magazine D．Entertainment express 二、语法填空 1 Scotland is a country in Great Britain, to the north of England. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow is 23 Largest city. Scotland has 24 (rough) 800 islands, but people only live on some of them. In the north of Scotland it is light until 11:30 p.m. in summer and in winter you can sometimes see the Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis, 25 are spectacular lights in the sky. Energy from the sun 26 (turn) the Earth’s sky green, red and other colors. At public and 27 (culture)events you can often hear traditional Scottish music and see traditional Scottish dancing. Pipers play music on bagpipes, a Celtic wind instrument with pipes and a bag. Pipers and dancers usually wear kilts, a traditional skirt 28 (wear) by men and women. Scots enjoy all types of music from folk 29 Rock and pop, and festivals like ‘The Edinburgh Festival’ or concerts in the Park 30 (be) very popular. The most popular sport in Scotland is football. Another popular game, golf 31 (invent) in Scotland in the Middle Ages. The famous Scottish Highland Games are a(n) 32 (combine) of culture and sport and Highland Games are celebrated all Over the World. 2 The Lights of Aurora On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light! The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, 33 (come) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand 160km away. They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but 34 could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible? And what was the light in the sky? The light is called the aurora. Usually, you can see it only at the very north of the earth, 35 it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun — a very large storm — and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it 36 (not happen) since then. Why does the aurora happen? And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth? The aurora is made by something 37 (call) the ‘solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth. The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it 38 these particles. This wall is called the earth’s magnetic field, and it pushes the particles away on either side. But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth’s magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ‘windows’. These solar particles crash is to the particles that are already in our sky. And 39 this happens, we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora. Alaska is a good place 40 (see) the auurora borealis, and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia, the north of Greenland, Norway, Sweden, and Scotland to see the aurora australis, go to the south of Australia, Tasmania, or New Zealand. People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora, and they can never be sure 41 it will happen. But 42 do see it says that they will never forget it. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Li Hang had an experience that lit up his life. The PhD graduate from Wuhan University saw the light in the South Pole, he aurora australis (南极光) “I was amazed” It seemed to move like a swimming whale. But it comforted me 43 (emotion), relieving my 44 (lonely) and dullness. I thought it was a gift from heaven.” He photographed the natural phenomenon. Colorful lights 45 (produce) when the outer sphere of the atmosphere is disturbed by solar wind. He has more than 100,000 photos of the scenes 46 he witnessed during the approximately 500 days he spent at the bottom of the world. Li was not 47 a pleasure trip. He was working hard as part of China's 31st and 32nd polar expeditions to the South Pole. In his spare time, Li took pictures to pass the time.＂Standing under the aurora, I was shocked by the power of nature. We left our motherland and family, 48 we could see amazing views. The scene touched my heart deeply and only 49 (see) it with your own eyes can make you feel the same way. According to Li, his experience in the South Pole enabled him 50 (feel) nature. “When you  see the stars and auroras in the night sky, you have a feeling that universe 51 (talk) to you. The South Pole shaped me and 52 has become more than the name of a place for me. It is a distant home." 参考答案 一、 1 1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了太阳风的构成和作用，同时解释了地球磁场在保护地球中的作用并解释了极光现象的成因。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Actually, the Earth has a magnetic field(磁场), which causes the planet to act like a giant magnet in space and protects the Earth from the solar wind. The Earth’s magnetic field is what causes a compass to work. The magnetic field can’t be seen, but we can measure it with magnets and other scientific instruments.(实际上，地球有一个磁场，它使地球在太空中像一个巨大的磁铁，保护地球免受太阳风的影响。地球磁场是指南针工作的原因。磁场是看不见的，但我们可以用磁铁和其他科学仪器来测量)”可知，磁场保护地球免受外部冲击。故选B。 2．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线词前文“The particles that make up the solar wind are made to change direction by the Earth’s magnetic field, so they mostly pass around the Barth without crashing into us.(构成太阳风的粒子受到地球磁场的影响而改变方向，所以它们大多绕过巴斯而不会撞到我们)”及下文“because of the shape of the Earth’s magnetic field, close to the North and South Poles, a little bit of the solar wind can sometimes get through and crash directly into the atmosphere.(由于地球磁场的形状，靠近南极和北极，有时一小部分太阳风可以穿过并直接撞入大气层)”可知，磁场会阻止太阳风影响地球，但不是完美的，有时候一小部分太阳风会撞入大气层，划线词immaculate表示“完美的”，与perfect意思相近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The colors of the light tell us what type of atmospheric particle is being crashed into by the solar wind. For example, red and green are from oxygen.(光的颜色告诉我们被太阳风撞击的是什么类型的大气粒子。例如，红色和绿色来自氧气)”可知，影响极光颜色的主要因素是大气中受影响的粒子类型。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Sometimes the sun produces a storm, which typically will cause an impressive view of auroras only for people who live in the far north and south of the world, underneath the part of the Earth’s magnetic field that can let the solar wind through.(有时太阳会产生一场风暴，这种风暴通常只会给居住在地球极北和极南地区的人们带来令人印象深刻的极光，这些地区位于可以让太阳风通过的地球磁场之下)”可知，太阳风有时候会产生风暴，会产生极光，这些地区位于能让太阳风通过的地球磁场，由此推断，太阳风的“力量”在极光的可见范围中发挥作用。故选C。 2 5．A 6．A 7．D 8．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要揭示了木星X射线极光耀斑的来源。 5．推理判断题。根据文章“Abstract”(摘要) 部分的介绍“ Here, we report simultaneous (同时的) in situ satellite and space-based telescope observations that reveal the processes that produce Jupiter’s X-ray flares, showing surprising similarities to terrestrial ion aurora.”（在这里，我们报告同时在现场卫星和太空望远镜的观测，揭示了木星x射线耀斑的产生过程，显示出惊人的类似于地球上的离子极光）可知文章主要介绍了发生在木星上的X射线脉冲。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Therefore, the correlation between a single outer magnetosphere event in Jupiter’s in situ measurements and a single auroral pulse cannot be expected on a one-to-one level basis. Instead, a series of successive events are required to draw reliable careful correlations, with the regular periodicity of the x-ray flares, providing an invaluable diagnostic signature of the source process.”（因此，在木星的现场测量中，单个外部磁层事件与单个极光脉冲之间的相关性不能被期望一对一的基础上。相反，需要一系列连续的事件来绘制可靠细致的相关性，X射线耀斑有规律的周期性，为源过程提供宝贵的诊断特征）可知作者将在文章的下一段内容中提出他们的诊断结论。故选A。 7．词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“The spectacular quasi-periodic (准周期性的) auroral pulsations at Jupiter have also been observed in ultraviolet (UV), infrared, and radio emissions. ”（木星上壮观的准周期性极光脉动也可以通过紫外线(UV)、________和无线电发射观测到。）可知划线处和ultraviolet (UV)（紫外线）、 radio emissions（无线电）并列，可推知划线处同为射线。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“However, observations show that the x-ray pulsations last for several Jupiter days or longer, evidencing that the driver may not be a transient process like magnetic reconnection.”（然而，观测结果显示，x射线脉冲在木星上持续数天或更长时间，这表明驱动因素可能不是像磁重联那样的瞬态过程。）可知x射线脉冲在木星上持续数天或更长时间。B项：The X-ray pulses will last for several days on Jupiter.（X射线脉冲将在木星上持续数天。）表达不符。故选B。 3 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过对像蚂蚁、蜜蜂等昆虫的准确的方向感的研究，提到了基于此项内容进行的一项新的研究结果：昆虫内置的感知和处理设备，使得昆虫的方向感的误差很小，而天空就是它们的指南针。 9．细节理解题。结合文章第二段Webb says the insects have polarization like that built into flat sides of their compound eyes. “You can think of it as the equal of having a little polarization directional filter (滤镜) over them or lots of sunglasses pointed in different directions.Webb says the insects have polarization like that built into flat sides of their compound eyes.” 如果你拿起一副偏振光太阳镜，将其对着天空旋转，你可以亲眼看到偏振光——穿过镜片的光线会发生变化。韦伯表示，这些昆虫复眼的小平面内就有偏振现象。据此，可以得出，蚂蚁、蜜蜂等昆虫感知方向的可能是靠偏振来定方向的。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据题干关键词可以定位到文章第二段第二句So her team built a sensor modeled after a desert ant eye and put it under artificial light meant to simulate the sky. 所以她的团队模仿沙漠蚂蚁的眼睛制作了一个传感器，并把它放在模拟天空的人造光下。结合前一句But Webb was curious about whether there's really enough information in the sky to give insects an accurate sense of direction. 但是韦伯很好奇，天空中是否真的有足够的信息，来给昆虫准确的方向感。可知，为了来满足他们对答案的渴望。韦伯和他的团队制作了传感器。故选C项。 11．细节理解题。结合最后一段第一句A system based on that of insects could someday be a cheap, low-energy alternative to GPS. 基于昆虫这种原理而建立的系统，有一天可能成为GPS廉价且低能耗的替代品。可知，将来的导航系统将取代GPS。故选B项。 12．推理判断题。结合全文来看，文章通过对像蚂蚁、蜜蜂等昆虫的准确的方向感的研究，提到了基于此项内容进行的一项新的研究结果：昆虫内置的感知和处理设备，使得昆虫的方向感的误差很小，而天空就是它们的指南针。由此判断出短文的目的是展示新的科学发现。故选C项。 4 13．D 14．A 15．A 16．C 【解析】试题分析：本文写了极地的各种天气，各种自然现象等。有极昼，极夜，极光等。 13．D推理判断题。由 Summers there are fairly dry and hot, although by August things can already begin to get cold and unpleasant.可知天气不好，所以选D。 14．A推理判断题。由 In most parts snow comes in October and clears by the end of March, but in the northern parts snow can fall as early as September and stay until late May.十月到可知一共九个月，所以选A。 15．A细节理解题。由 Finnish holidays are from the summer high season in late June to the end of July. This is the time period of nights with sunlight, when Finland doesnt seem to sleep.可知太阳没有落下，所以选A。 16．C细节理解题。由 October, February and March are good times to visit the north of Finland to view the aurora borealis (北极光)可知十月可以欣赏北极光，所以选C。 考点：考查生活知识类短文阅读 5 17．C 18．A 19．B 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要推荐了四处看北极光的地方。 17．细节理解题。根据“Tromsø, Norway”部分中的“ This city has wonderful northern light views from September to April.(从9月到4月，这座城市可以欣赏到美妙的北极光。)”可知，9月到4月在Tromsø可以欣赏到美妙的北极光；根据“Orkney, Scotland”部分中的“Travelers can witness the northern lights between September and March during cold and dark evenings.(旅行者可以在9月到3月的寒冷和黑暗的夜晚见证北极光。)”可知，在Orkney可以在9月到3月见证北极光；根据“Lapland, Finland”部分的中“Travelers can expect to see the Northern Lights from late August to April, about 200 times annually.(游客可以在8月下旬到4月期间看到北极光，每年大约200次。)”可知，在Lapland可以在8月下旬到4月期间看到北极光；根据“Yellowknife, Canada”部分中的“Yellowknife, more popular for being North America’s Aurora Capital, sits at the center of the Aurora Oval, with beautiful northern light views from mid-November to early April.( Yellowknife是北美的极光之都，位于极光椭圆形的中心，从11月中旬到4月初都能看到美丽的北极光。)”可知，在Yellowknife从11月中旬到4月初都能看到美丽的北极光；对比四处最佳观光时间，可知，Lapland 可以观赏北极光的季节最长。故选 C。 18．细节理解题。根据“Orkney, Scotland”部分的中的“The Kirkwall Hotel: Starts at $86 per room per night(Kirkwall酒店：每间房每晚86美元起)”可知，在 The Kirkwall Hotel 两个房间居住一晚最低$172（$86*2）。故选A。 19．推理判断题。根据第一段“Aurora Borealis (北极光), the Northern Lights, showcases beautiful green, pink, blue and violet colored lights dancing in the night sky. Here are some of the best places to see the northern lights around the world.(北极光展示了美丽的绿色、粉红色、蓝色和紫色的光在夜空中舞动。以下是世界上观看北极光的最佳地点。)”以及下文内容可知，文章推荐了几处欣赏北极光的目的地，与旅游有关。由此可知，本文可能选自旅游指南。故选 B。 二、 1 23．the 24．roughly 25．which 26．turns 27．cultural 28．worn 29．to 30．are 31．was invented 32．combination 【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了苏格兰的地理位置、首都、最大城市、极光现象、民族音乐、舞蹈、服饰和运动项目。 23．the 考查冠词。句意：Glasgow是苏格拉最大的城市。此处修饰形容词最高级largest用定冠词the，指Glasgow是苏格拉最大的城市，故填the。 24．roughly 考查副词。句意：苏格兰大约有800个岛屿。rough“粗糙的，粗略的”, roughly“大约，大概”，修饰动词has用副词。故填roughly。 25．which 考查关系代词。句意：在冬天你有时可以看到北极光或北极光，这是天空中壮观的灯光。根据逗号可知句中包含非限制性定语从句，先行词是Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis，指物，在定语从句中作主语，故填which。 26．turns 考查动词时态。句意：来自太阳的能量使地球的天空变成绿色、红色和其他颜色。全文是一般现在时，此处表示客观事实也用现在时，主语是Energy是不可数名词，动词用第三人称单数，故填turns. 27．cultural 考查形容词。句意：在公共和文化活动中，你可以经常听到传统的苏格兰音乐和看到传统的苏格兰舞蹈。与and前的public并列修饰名词events用形容词，故填cultural。 28．worn 考查过去分词。句意：风笛手和舞者通常穿方格呢裙，这是一种男女都穿的传统裙子。句中skirt和动词wear是被动关系，用过去分词表被动且在句中作定语，指裙子被穿，故填worn。 29．to 考查固定搭配。句意：苏格兰人喜欢各种各样的音乐，从民谣到摇滚乐和流行乐。from…to“从…到…”，此处指民族音乐到摇滚，故填to. 30．are 考查主谓一致。句意：像爱丁堡节这样的节日或者像公园里的音乐会都很受欢迎。句中主语festivals是复数形式，动词也用be的复数形式，结合文章基础时态用一般现在时，故填are。 31．was invented 考查时态语态。句意：高尔夫是中世纪在苏格兰发明的。主语golf是单数,和动词invent是被动关系，根据时间状语可知用过去时，故此处填一般过去时的被动语态,故填was invented。 32．combination 考查名词。句意：著名的苏格兰高地运动会是文化和体育的结合体，世界各地都在庆祝苏格兰高地运动会。a combination of，……与……的结合，故填combination。 2 33．coming 34．they 35．where 36．has not happened 37．called 38．against 39．when/as 40．to see 41．that 42．whoever 【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了极光。 33．考查现在分词。句意：光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，且come与 The light为主动关系。故填coming。 34．考查代词作作主语。句意：他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知，后半句的主语也为“they”，故填they。 35．考查定语从句。句意：通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。空处引导定语从句，先行词为the very north of the earth，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 36．考查现在完成时的否定结构。句意：我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，主语it表示单数意义，故填has not happened。 37．考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：极光是由一种叫做“太阳风”（来自太阳的分高）的东西产生。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，something与call为被动关系，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰something，故填called。 38．考查介词。句意：地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against...“保卫……以免受……”，故填against。 39．考查时间状语从句。句意：当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。 本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen? (为什么会发生极光？)”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，用when或as引导时间状语从句，故填when/as。 40．考查动词不定式。句意：阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。根据句子谓语动词is判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式：(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故填to see。 41．考查宾语从句。句意：人们千里迢迢去看极光，却永远无法确定它是否会发生。根据be sure后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，从句结构、意义完整，故此处用that引导宾语从句，故填that。 42．考查主语从句。句意：但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填whoever。 3 43．emotionally 44．loneliness 45．are produced 46．which/that 47．on 48．but 49．seeing 50．to feel 51．is talking 52．it 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要为李航讲述自己看到南极极光的感受，他有10万多张照片，记录了他在地球底部度过的大约500天期间所目睹的景色。他去往南极，是为了作为中国第31次和第32次南极考察的一部分，李航表示南极之旅让他能够感受大自然。 43．考查副词。句意：但它在情感上给了我安慰，解除了我的孤独和沉闷。修饰动词comfort应用副词emotionally，作状语。故填emotionally。 44．考查名词。句意：但它在情感上给了我安慰，解除了我的孤独和沉闷。上文my为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，可知应填名词loneliness，且loneliness不可数。故填loneliness。 45．考查动词时态语态。句意：当大气外层受到太阳风的干扰时，就会产生五颜六色的光。句子陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为colors，谓语动词应用复数。故填are produced。 46．考查定语从句。句意：他有10万多张照片，记录了他在地球底部度过的大约500天期间所目睹的景色。此处为定语从句修饰先行词scenes，且先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 47．考查介词。句意：李不是来旅游的。结合句意表示“旅游”短语为on a trip。故填on。 48．考查连词。句意：我们离开了我们的祖国和家人，但我们可以看到美丽的景色。根据前后文语境可知此处为转折关系，表“但是”应用连词but。故填but。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：这一幕深深地打动了我的心，只有你亲眼目睹，才能让你有同样的感受。分析句子结构可知see在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且and后句中缺少主语，故应用动名词短语作主语。故填seeing。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：据李介绍，南极之旅让他能够感受大自然。结合句意表示“让某人能够做某事”可知短语为enable sb. to do sth.。故填to feel。 51．考查动词时态。句意：当你看到夜空中的星星和极光时，你会有一种宇宙正在对你说话的感觉。从句中表示动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，且主语为universe，谓语动词应用单数。故填is talking。 52．考查代词。句意：南极塑造了我，对我来说，它已不仅仅是一个地方的名字。此处作主语，指“The South Pole”应用代词it。故填it。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$