2024年中考英语外刊精读——再次确保奥运会的安全

中考英语外刊精读——再次确保奥运会的安全：无趣比赛 Making the Olympics safe again: No fun and games 再次确保奥运会的安全：无趣比赛 Para1 ①When the world’s best athletes gather for the Olympics every four years, they do a lot more than run, jump and swim. ②In a memoir published after the previous Tokyo games, in 1964, Dawn Fraser, an Australian swimmer, pulled back the curtain on life inside the Olympic bubble. ③“Olympic morals are far more loose than any outsider would expect,” she wrote. The village’s reputation for debauchery has only grown since.④ organisers began handing out condoms to athletes in 1988, ostensibly to raise awareness about HIV; at the last summer games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016, they handed out a record-breaking 450,000. As one former Olympic skier put it to ESPN The Magazine, an American sports publication, the Olympic village is “just a magical, fairy-tale place, like ‘Alice in Wonderland’, where everything is possible. ⑤You could win a gold medal and you can sleep with a really hot guy.” 当世界上最优秀的运动员每四年聚在一起参加奥运会时，他们所做的远不止跑、跳和游泳。在1964年东京奥运会结束后出版的回忆录中，澳大利亚游泳运动员道恩·弗雷泽揭开了奥运美好泡沫生活的帷幕。她写道:“奥运道德比任何局外人想象的要宽松得多。”自那以后，这个村子的放荡名声愈演愈烈。从1988年开始，组织者以提高人们对艾滋病的认识为名，向运动员发放避孕套；在2016年的里约热内卢夏季奥运会上，他们的人数达到了创纪录的45万。正如一位前奥运滑雪运动员在接受美国体育刊物ESPN杂志采访时所说，奥运村“就像‘爱丽丝梦游仙境’一样，是一个神奇的、童话般的地方，在那里一切皆有可能。”你可以赢得金牌，还可以和帅哥上床。” memoir  n.   [ˈmemwɑː(r)]  回忆录；研究报告；自传；举个例子：His 1998 memoir is a delightful trip down memory lane.  他1998年的回忆录是一次愉快的怀旧之旅。 pulled back the curtain 【词组译义：拉开窗帘，这里是指拉开帷幕的意思】，其中pull back为固定搭配，意思是 “拉回，撤回”，curtain n.  [ˈkɜːtn]  幕；窗帘 bubble  n.  [ˈbʌbl]  气泡，泡沫，举个例子：The vaccine is delivered using a bubble of fat containing the virus's genetic material, which kick-starts the body's immune system. 这种疫苗是用含有病毒遗传物质的脂肪泡来输送的，它会启动人体的免疫系统。---选自《BBC》 moral  n.  [ˈmɒrəl]  道德 【固定搭配：moral education 德育教育】 debauchery n.  [dɪˈbɔːtʃəri] 放荡；花天酒地，举个例子：The grace of her age was still struggling against the hideous, premature decrepitude of debauchery and poverty.  青春的风采也仍在跟堕落与贫苦所招致的老丑作斗争。 hand out condoms 【词组译义：分发避孕套】，其中hand out 为固定搭配，意思是“分发，分配”，condom n.  [ˈkɒndɒm] 避孕套 ostensibly adv.  [ɒˈstensəbli]  表面上；外表，相当于apparently , outwardly，举个例子：Troops were sent in, ostensibly to protect the civilian population.  谎称为保护平民而派驻了军队。 raise awareness about   提高对……的认识 record-breaking  创纪录，打破纪录 fairy-tale  童话的，童话式的 hot guys   帅哥 Para2 ①At this year’s Olympics, the atmosphere will be gloomier, duller, chaster. ②For the athletes, life in the village will be circumscribed, as laid out in a 70-page book of prohibitions. ③They have been asked to arrive in Japan as late as possible (no earlier than five days before the start of their events) and to leave as soon as possible (within two days after their event’s end). ④They must present negative results in two tests taken during the four days before they leave for Japan, and another negative test result on arrival. ⑤Though more than 80% of athletes are expected to be vaccinated, they will undergo daily tests, with a confirmed case leading to possible disqualification. ⑥Masks will be mandatory except when sleeping, eating and competing, meaning that athletes will be required to wear them even while working out in the Olympic village’s gyms and, if they make it that far, while standing on the podiums to receive their medals. ⑦They will not be allowed to go anywhere except to their accommodation and competition venues. All meals must be eaten quickly and without mingling at the village’s cafeteria. ⑧alcohol will not be served in the village, and drinking in groups or in public areas will be forbidden. 在今年的奥运会上，气氛将更加阴郁、沉闷、纯洁。对于运动员来说，奥运村的生活将受到限制，就像一本70页的禁书中列出的那样。他们被要求尽可能晚到达日本(不早于活动开始前五天)，并尽可能早离开日本(活动结束后两天内)。他们必须在出发前往日本的四天内提交两次检测，结果必须为阴性，在抵达日本时提交另一次检测结果为阴性。虽然预计超过80%的运动员将接种疫苗，但他们将每天接受检测，如果确诊病例，可能会被取消资格。除了睡觉、吃饭和比赛，其他时候运动员都必须戴口罩，这意味着即使运动员在奥运村的体育馆里锻炼，以及如果他们能走那么远，站在领奖台上领取奖牌时，也将被要求戴口罩。除了住处和比赛场地外，他们不允许去任何地方。所有的饭菜都必须在村里的自助餐厅里迅速吃完，而且不能与人混在一起。该村禁止提供酒类，禁止在集体或公共场所饮酒。 gloomier, duller, chaster 【参考译义：更加阴郁、沉闷、纯洁】①gloomy  adj. [ˈɡluːmi]  黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的 [ 比较级 gloomier或more gloomy 最高级 gloomiest或most gloomy ] ② dull adj.  [dʌl]  钝的；迟钝的 [ dulled 比较级 duller 最高级 dullest ] ③ chaste adj. [tʃeɪst] 纯洁的；贞洁的 [ 比较级 chaster或more chaste 最高级 chastest或most chaste ] circumscribe vt. [ˈsɜːkəmskraɪb] 约束，限定，相当于block , limit，举个例子：Do not circumscribe your study only in classes. 不要把自己的学习只局限于课堂。 lay out   展示；安排 prohibition  n.  [ˌprəʊɪˈbɪʃn]   禁止；禁令，举个例子：Despite this clear and unequivocal prohibition, that is precisely what occurred in this matter. 尽管有这样明确和毫不含糊的禁止，但在这件事上确实发生了这种情况。---选自《华盛顿时报》 vaccinate v.  [ˈvæksɪneɪt]  接种疫苗，vaccination为名词，【固定搭配：Inoculate and vaccinate patients  为病人疫苗接种及预防】 undergo vt.   [ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ]   经历，经受，相当于experience , stand ,举个例子：She was rushed to the hospital, got an emergency cesarean section and then underwent brain surgery.她被紧急送往医院，进行了紧急剖腹产，然后进行了脑部手术。---选自《纽约客》 disqualification  n.  [dɪsˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]  不合格；取消资格，反义词为qualification，意思是“资格，条件”，举个例子：Any form of cheating means automatic disqualification.  任何形式的作弊都意味着自动取消资格。 mandatory adj.  [ˈmændətɔːri]  强制的；托管的；法定的【固定搭配：mandatory measures 指令性措施  mandatory requirement 强制性要求 mandatory retirement age 法定退休年龄】 podium  n. [ˈpəʊdiəm]  讲台，乐队指挥台 accommodation and competition venues 【参考译义：住所及比赛场地】 cafeteria n.  [ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə]  自助餐厅 forbidden v.  [fəˈbɪdn]  禁止；妨碍 【固定搭配：The Forbidden City 紫禁城】 Para3 ①The athletes will not be the only ones on lockdown. ②Japan’s government has declared a state of emergency in Tokyo and three surrounding prefectures to last until August 22nd, long after the Olympics finish. ③The government does not have the authority to limit the public’s movements, but other restrictions will put a damper on any celebrations: restaurants are being asked to close by 8.pm and not to serve any alcohol; residents are implored to avoid “non-essential” outings. 不只是运动员被封锁。日本政府已经宣布东京和周边三个县进入紧急状态，将持续到8月22日，也就是奥运会结束很久之后。虽然政府没有权力限制公众的活动，但其他一些限制会对所有庆祝活动起到抑制作用:餐馆被要求在晚上8点前关门，不供应任何酒类；政府呼吁居民避免“不必要的”外出活动。 lockdown n. [ˈlɒkdaʊn]  禁闭 ；封锁，举个例子：In addition to closing its borders early, New Zealand implemented one of the world’s strictest lockdowns, allowing it to limit the virus’s spread. 除了提前关闭边境，新西兰还实施了世界上最严格的封锁之一，从而限制了病毒的传播。---选自《纽约客》 a state of emergency  紧急状况，【固定搭配：declare a state of emergency 宣布进入紧急状态  in a state of emergency 紧急状态】 prefectures n.  [ˈpriːfektʃə(r)]  县；管区 put a damper on 表层意思是泼冷水，深层意思是“扫…的兴，抑制” essential adj. [ɪˈsenʃl] 基本的，必要的，至关重要的，反义词为non-essential，意思是“非必要的”【固定搭配：essential condition 必要条件 essential difference 本质区别】，举个例子：Money is not essential to happiness.  金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。 outing n.   [ˈaʊtɪŋ]  远足；短途旅游，【固定搭配：spring outing 春游  go outing 去郊游；外出游玩  go for an outing 去郊游；去远足】 Para4 ①There will be no viewing parties; a promenade near the Olympic Village which had been envisioned as a raucous fan zone will be closed. ②Tokyoites have been asked to enjoy the games on TV from their homes. ③Nearly all of the events will be held without fans, foreign or domestic. ④“It will feel very jarring,” says Sakaue Yasuhiro of Hitotsubashi University in Tokyo: “People are being told not to go out, not to meet up, not to have drinks; kids’ sports days are being cancelled—and yet a global sporting event is going forward.”  不会有观看派对;奥运村附近的一条步行区将被关闭，这条步行街曾被设想为喧闹的球迷区。东京市民被要求在家中通过电视观看比赛。几乎所有的活动都将在没有粉丝的情况下举行，无论是国外的还是国内的。东京一桥大学的Sakaue Yasuhiro表示:“这会让人感到非常别扭。人们被告知不要外出，不要见面，不要喝酒;孩子们的运动会被取消了，然而一项全球性的体育赛事却正在举行。” promenade n.  [ˌprɒməˈnɑːd]  散步场所 ；散步；步行区 envision v.  [ɪnˈvɪʒn]  想象；预想，举个例子：That is double the original number of study participants envisioned in the Pfizer trial for that age group, two people said. 两名知情人士表示，这是辉瑞在该年龄段试验中最初设想的研究参与者人数的两倍。---选自《纽约时报》 raucous adj. [ˈrɔːkəs] 喧闹的；刺耳的，相当于sharp , harsh，举个例子：On university campuses across the country, debate over the government’s role in supporting scientific research became even more raucous. 在全国的大学校园里，关于政府在支持科学研究方面的作用的争论变得更加激烈。---选自《自然》 domestic adj. [dəˈmestɪk] 国内的；家庭的，【固定搭配：domestic violence 家庭暴力 domestic market 国内市场】  jarring adj. [ˈdʒɑːrɪŋ] 不和谐的；刺耳的 cancel vt.  [ˈkænsl] 取消；删去，【固定搭配：cancel an order 取消订单 cancel the contract 取消合同 cancel an appointment 取消约会】 Para5 ①The contortions are the price for staging the games despite the pandemic, a state of affairs the government’s main medical adviser, Omi Shigeru, has called “abnormal”. ②Though Japan’s vaccination campaign has picked up pace after a slow start, only 21% of the population is fully inoculated. Rates are much higher among the elderly (some 75% of Tokyoites over the age of 65 have received at least one jab), leading to a decrease in ③deaths and seriously ill patients in the capital. Nonetheless, Tokyo recorded 1,149 new cases on July 14th, the highest tally since January. ④The spread of the more infectious Delta variant worries medical experts. Christian Tagsold of the University of Düsseldorf quips that the circumstances of these Olympics bring to mind “Akira”, a cult Japanese manga and anime from the 1980s that depicts a post-apocalyptic “Neo Tokyo” hosting the Olympic games in 2020. 政府的首席医疗顾问尾身茂称这种状况是“不正常的”，但这是举办奥运会所要付出的代价。尽管日本的疫苗接种运动在缓慢启动后加快了步伐，但只有21%的人口完全接种了疫苗。在老年人中，这一比例要高得多(约有75%的65岁以上的东京居民至少打过一次疫苗)，导致首都的死亡率和重症患者减少。尽管如此，东京在7月14日记录了1149个新病例，这是自1月以来的最高记录。更具传染性的德尔塔变种的传播让医学专家感到担忧。德国杜塞尔多夫大学的Christian Tagsold开玩笑说，今年奥运会的情况让人想起了《Akira》。《Akira》是上世纪80年代风靡日本的漫画和动漫，描绘了一个后世界末日时代的“新东京”主办2020年奥运会的情节。 contortion n.  [kənˈtɔːʃn]  扭曲；困难，周折 pandemic n.  [pænˈdemɪk] 流行病，瘟疫，举个例子：A new data shows that the global AIDS pandemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases declines of almost three decades.  一项新的数据显示，全球艾滋病疫情将导致数十个国家的预期寿命大幅下降，在有些国家寿命减幅近30年。 vaccination campaign  预防接种运动 pick up pace  加快了脚步 ，加速 inoculate v.  [ɪˈnɒkjuleɪt]  接种；嫁接；灌输，【固定搭配：Inoculate and vaccinate patients 为病人疫苗接种及预防】 nonetheless adv.  [ˌnʌnðəˈles] 尽管如此，但是，举个例子：But it's remarkable for all that, nonetheless.  尽管如此，这还是很了不起的。 infectious adj.  [ɪnˈfekʃəs] 传染的；传染性的，举个例子：Flu is highly infectious.  流感的传染性很高。 variant n.  [ˈveəriənt] 变体；转化 a cult Japanese manga and anime 【参考译义：风靡一时的日本漫画和动漫】① cult adj. [kʌlt] 受特定群体欢迎的【固定搭配：personality cult 个人崇拜】②manga n. [ˈmæŋɡə] 日本漫画③anime n.  [ˈænɪmeɪ] 日本动漫 Para6 ①organisers admit that it will be impossible to control the virus completely. ②A handful of athletes and officials arriving early have already tested positive. ③The authorities hope instead to avoid an Olympian outbreak. ④That will require compliance not just from athletes, but from 53,000 officials, staff and press who are expected to attend. ⑤They will be bound by a “written pledge”, but face less drastic penalties for misbehaving than the athletes, who risk disqualification. ⑥Many worry they will be less rule-abiding than the Japanese public, which has tended to heed the government’s requests. 组织者承认完全控制这种病毒是不可能的。一些提前到达的运动员和官员已经检测出阳性。相反，当局希望避免奥运爆发。这不仅需要运动员的遵守，还需要5.3万名预计出席的官员、工作人员和媒体的遵守。他们将受到“书面承诺”的约束，但因行为不端而面临的惩罚没有运动员那么严厉，后者有被取消资格的风险。许多人担心他们不像日本公众那样遵守规则，而日本公众往往会听从政府的要求。 a handful of 一把，少量的 outbreak n.  [ˈaʊtbreɪk] （战争的）爆发；（疾病的）发作，举个例子：His death set in motion a train of events that led to the outbreak of war.  他的死引发了一系列的事件，从而导致了战争的爆发。 compliance n.  [kəmˈplaɪəns] 顺从，服从，同根词compliant，意思是“顺从的；服从的；应允的”，举个例子：And if the case went to court, the burden of proof was on the state to show how its map was in compliance with the law. 如果案件上了法庭，举证责任就落在了各州身上，以证明其地图是否符合法律规定。---选自《华盛顿邮报》 be bound by  受…约束 written pledge 书面承诺 drastic penalties  激烈的处罚，其中 drastic  adj. [ˈdræstɪk] 激烈的；猛烈的 misbehave v. [ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv]  行为不端，举止失礼，举个例子：They may cut kids who misbehave, but not if they just don’t play well. 他们可能会开除那些行为不端的孩子，但如果他们只是表现不好就不会。---选自《华盛顿邮报》 rule-abiding   守礼守法的 heed  v.  [hiːd] 注意，留心，听从，同根词：heedless 意思是“不注意的；不留心的”，heedful 意思是“注意的；深切注意的” Para7 ①Those fears were amplified this week when four foreigners working for a subcontractor at a venue were arrested on suspicion of cocaine use in a nightlife district far from the Olympic facilities. ②pandemic or not, the Olympics will be a temptation for some to party. ③That may be one reason why the organisers backtracked on plans to hand out condoms in the village this year. ④instead, the athletes will receive their prophylactics only when they leave Japan. 本周，四名为场馆分包商工作的外国人因涉嫌在远离奥运场馆的夜生活区吸食可卡因而被捕，这加剧了人们的担忧。不管是不是流行病，奥运会对一些人来说都是一个聚会的诱惑。这可能是组织者取消今年在村里分发避孕套的计划的原因之一。相反，运动员只有在离开日本时才能领到预防用品。 amplify vt. [ˈæmplɪfaɪ] 放大，扩大，举个例子：This shows how algorithmic models amplify real-world biases and societal expectations of beauty. 这表明算法模型是如何放大真实世界的偏见和社会对美的期望的。---选自《BBC》 subcontractor n.  [ˈsʌbkəntræktə(r)]  承包商 on suspicion of cocaine 【参考译义：涉嫌吸食可卡因】，其中cocaine为名词，意思是“可卡因” in a nightlife district  在夜生活区 temptation n. [tempˈteɪʃn] 引诱；诱惑物，举个例子：The temptation for the state legislature to forgo further investigations will be strong. 州立法机构放弃进一步调查的诱惑将非常强烈。---选自《华盛顿邮报》 backtrack v.  [ˈbæktræk] 回溯；由原路返回，举个例子：Can we just backtrack a little bit and look at your primary and secondary education?  我们能否稍微回顾一下刚刚提及的你的中小学教育背景？ condom n.  [ˈkɒndɒm] 避孕套 prophylactics adj. [ˌprɒfəˈlæktɪk] 预防性的，预防疾病的，【固定搭配：prophylactic measures 防病措施；预防措施】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$