2025年沪教牛津版中考英语专题复习-完形填空 讲义

中考专题---完形填空 学习重难点 中考复习专题---完形填空 学习目标 了解完型填空题型的特点 能掌握完形填空6个解题注意事项，巧用线索法解题 教学内容 完型填空解题技巧 完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不会挖空。主要涉及到动词、名词（含代词）、形容词、副词、介词、连词也常出现。做完形填空题要注意整体性原则，强调对文章整体的理解。就内容而言，它又有前因后果、地点、时间、人物等要素。所以，第一步应通读全文，了解大意。其次注意词与词、句与句、主句与分句之间的连贯性与衔接性。因此，在做题时必须始终注意上下文之间，词与词之间从意义到语法上的合理搭配。诚然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事关全局。与此同时，还不可忽略文中的过渡词。 在解题时可按以下步骤和方法进行。 （1）通读全文，了解大意。 通读全文时，跳过空格快速阅读，弄清文章的基本含义。先快速阅读全文，可使我们对文章的整体结构和中心思想有个基本的了解。有利于进一步把握全文所讲内容，篇章结构，时态语态的变化，为后面的答题创造条件，但通读宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，断章取意，那会进入误区，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通读的目的仅在于掌握大意，切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句的推敲上。 （2）重视首句的开篇启示作用 完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的首句通常用以点明短文的性质，如叙事、议论等，这是我们探索短文全貌的“窗口”，可以以首句的时态、语态为立足点进行思考，判断文章的体裁，推测全文的大意及主题，所以应该重视首句的启示作用。 （3）抓住关键词，根据上下文解题 解题时，要遵循忠于全文大意和主题这一原则，联系上下文展开逻辑推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词，了解所提问题的特定语境，语篇中的内在关系。 在解题过程中，应遵循“先易后难”的原则，遇到个别难题不易判断时，可先跳过去，去解决那些靠上下文能确定的，比较直接明确的问题，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，或许在前面难以判断的题，下文就有暗示，甚至有明确的表示。因此，在选择答案时，应特别注意联系前后句，充分利用上下文为确定答案提供有用信息。 （4）重读全文，验证答案 在全部空格补全以后，一定要根据填好的答案重读全文，看文章是否流畅，前后是否矛盾，语法结构是否无误。如果发现哪些地方读起来不流畅，那就说明那里有毛病，就要进行仔细推敲，验证。 在具体的操作中应注意以下6个问题： 　　1）看清上下文，找准定位词 　　充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如： 1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very ______ 　A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 2. Mrs. O’Neill asked_________ questions and she didn’t scold us either. 　A. no B. certain C. many D. more 　　2）通顺逻辑，寻求搭配 　　注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如： 　　Here’s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_______ so much money. 　　A. for B. by C. to D. of 3）扎实基础，搞清辨异 在此类试题的命制上，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如： Soon I heard a________ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. 　 A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout When the papers were __________ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly… A. examined   B. completed   C. marked    D. answered 　　4）看清执行者，确定所选词 And video cameras can be used to＿＿＿＿＿people’s actions at home. 　　A. keep B. make C. record D. watch 　　5）寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系 It has been many years since I was last in London________ still remember something that happened during that visit. 　　A. and B. for C. but D. as 　　6）了解生活常识，确定相关知识 (Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the＿＿＿＿＿hospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest 完形填空 解题技巧：巧用线索法 所谓线索法，指的是根据文章上下文所提供的故事背景和语境线索进行推理和判断，从而确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法。 1.巧用语意转折线索解题 有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语，如but， though， although， instead， however， on the contrary， otherwise等，我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。如： A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters ___1___ to businesses， schools or government offices. ___2___ letters are for relatives， or former（以前的） teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand， but you should ___3___ a formal letter. 1. A. send B. are written C. write D. are dropped 2. A. Informal B. Formal C. Business D. Relative 3. A. copy B. type C. write D. share 2.巧用因果关系线索解题 即根据上下文的因果关系进行推断，从而得出所需答案。如： It was a strange noise that made the man ___1___ his car soon after he left a village ___2___ London. He got out of his car and ___3___ the wheels（车轮） carefully， but as he found nothing ___4___ he continued his way. 1. A. start B. stop C. slow D. speed 2. A. to B. for C. from D. of 3. A. repaired B. examined C. cleaned D. looked 4. A. wrong B. danger C. interesting D. matter 3.巧用具体示例线索解题 即根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析，将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选，将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除，从而便可得出所需答案。如： Every student must wear their ___1___ when they are at school. There are ___2___ items of uniforms： suits， dresses， shorts， skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags， caps and socks. 1. A. long hair B. thick glasses　C. sports shoes D. school uniforms 2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot 4.巧用同义反义线索解题 Though he is serious in appearance， he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever， sometimes even ______ and gay… A. worried B. bright C. discouraging D. friendly As it turned out， my little publication went on to become Student， a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children， and I‘d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ______ me. A. controlled B. comforted C. reminded D. raised 即根据文章所提供的内容，同时结合一定的生活常识，对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。如： I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large， old ___1___. It has three branch campuses（分校）： Clunes， Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school， a ___2___ school and a senior school. So there are twelve grades of ___3___ studying there. 1. A. school B. factory C. movie D. hospital 2. A. night B. junior C. high D. spare-time 3. A. workers B. boys C. students D. teachers 6. 巧用语篇标志线索解题 语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语可称为语篇标志。如：表示结果层次的语篇标志语有firstly， secondly， thirdly， finally等；表示逻辑关系的有thus， therefore， so等；表示改变话题的有by the way等；表示时间关系的有before， so far， yet， now， later等。在做完形填空题时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。如： First of all， I respected his devotion to teaching…______， I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally， I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. （全国卷） A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore 7. 巧用结构对比线索解题 在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子，此时同学们应认真比较其结构特点，或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词，或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个（或几个）相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如： I realized strength and courage aren’t always measured in medals and victories， but in the struggles we overcome（战胜）。 The strongest people are not always the people who win， ______ the people who don’t give up when they lose. A. or B. nor C. and D. but The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the ______ than from the below. （辽宁卷） A. clouds B. sky C. air D. above 8. 巧用语境暗示线索解题 有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择，要想作出正确判断，同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语，尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如： Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the ______ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest （抗议） against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. （全国卷） A. college B. village C. town　　 D. church But then again， would there be a chair in Room 316？ Or would it be a（n） ______ room？ A. small B. empty 　 C. new D. neat 三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题l分，满分l 0分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。 Thousands of years ago, human didn't live in towns. Sometimes they would live in caves or build camps (宿营地) in the forest. Only about thirty people 36 in each camp. The men would go hunting while the women and children 37 food from the trees around the camp. All the food was 38 between everyone in the group. Every few weeks they moved to another place to find more food. It was a simple life, but people had to be 39 They had to make everything that they needed, and they had to know a lot about plants and animals. Nowadays most people live in towns and cities, and they work in offices and factories. Life is 40 than in the old days. There are fewer 41 , but there is less excitement. Some people go 42 excitement—sailing round the world, climbing mountains, or exploring caves. Most people look forward to the 43 , a time when they can enjoy a change from their normal life. For some this means going camping. But camping today is 44 from camping in the past. Gas cookers, ready-made food and air-beds mean people can camp much more 45 than they did in the old times. 36. A..lived B. talked C. came D. danced 37. A. planted B. collected C. watched D. bought 38. A. found B. used C. shared D. sold 39. A. polite B. kind C. careful D. clever 40. A. worse B. faster C. easier D. harder 41. A. dangers B. stories C. people D. animals 42. A. waiting for B. looking for C. turning on D. putting on 43. A. dreams B. gifts C. meals D. holidays 44. A. away B. different C. free D. far 45. A. slowly B. terribly C. comfortably D. hopefully 三．完形填空（ 本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分 ） Water is the __46___ of all the things we eat and drink . Not many people understand this but __47____ quite true . The human body can go without ___48___ for a long time . We’ve got many examples for this . Yet two __49___ three days without water can usually make people __50____ . Man can’t live __51____ water . Many people don’t understand how ___52__ water the human body needs __53___ work well , and many people , especially young people , do not drink enough , ___54__ in very hot weather . Our body has mostly water , about 65% to 75% . That is to say about two thirds of our body is water . When we do sports , some of the water will get away from our body . __55 _ we don’t drink some water , we won’t have enough water．　And if we don’t have enough water , we’ll feel tired and many of us will get ill . So you know how important water is to us . ( )46. A. important B. most important C. more important D. different ( )47.A. it’s B. its C. it D. is ( )48.A. food B. water C. drink D. meat ( )49.A . so B. And C. But D. or ( )50. A. to die B. die C. to died D. died ( )51. A. have B. with C. without D. in ( )52.A. many B. much C. little D. few ( )53.A. and B. the C. / D. to ( )54.A. even B. ever C. almost D. hardly ( )55.A. If B. For C. Since D. Because 三、完形填空 It was the last day of school and I planned to travel to my friend’s hometown. I hadn’t seen him for years and this was a good 1 to meet him again. I was busy at school so it was rather 2 when I came back home. It was already 10 o’clock at night. Time was running out. After a hurried meal I left. 3 I found a taxi very soon. Asking the driver to drive me fast to the station, I relaxed for a while, imagining what my friend looked like now. I was soon at the station and was sure that I would be able to 4 the train. Unfortunately, I fell on the way and lost some time. To my complete 5 , when I reached the platform, I saw that the train had just left! It was the last train so I had to 6 home. My mother was glad to see me back as she had a feeling about my trip. But I was unhappy. I tried to relax and went to bed but I had a 7 sleep. The next morning I was very tired. As I was having breakfast the 8 arrived. I read over the pages and was shocked to 9 that the train I missed had had an accident. How 10 I was that I missed the train! ( )1.A. sign B. chance C. sense D. dream ( )2.A. strange B. cold C. late D. quiet ( )3.A. Finally B. Suddenly C. Strangely D. Luckily ( )4.A. stop B. see C. catch D. miss ( )5.A. satisfaction B. hope C. surprise D. joy ( )6.A. call B. leave C. reach D. return ( )7.A. deep B. bad C. great D. heavy ( )8.A. newspaper B. ticket C. mild D. train ( )9.A. find B. hear C. feel D. remember ( )10.A. hopeful B. thankful C. careful D. painful 三、完形填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Although it was only autumn，everything outside was covered in white．Unexpectedly,we were hit with a big 36 storm and no one was prepared． We have two apple trees in our backyard．Prana，our dog，loves 37．When she goes outside，she usually grabs a dirty apple from the ground to eat later on．Prana knows that when she brings her treasure into the house，I am not always 38，so she tries to hide it from me．It is our little game． On the day that it snowed too 39 in the season，Prana went outside and I 40 her from the window．I noticed that she was 41 lots of holes and bringing out the apples buried beneath the snow．She seemed to be 42 to dig up as many apples as she could． But when she came back inside，she brought back only one．About five minutes later,I looked outside．The yard was completely 43 with birds．Prana had dug up all those apples for her bird friends to eat．She knew that they hadn’t prepared 44 food for the early winter. This beautiful act of unconditional love from a(an) 45 taught me what real kindness was． 36．A．sand B．snow C．thunder D．rain 37．A．apples B．winter C．games D．bones 38．A．clear B．correct C．happy D．surprised 39．A．1ate B．beautifully C．1ightly D．early 40．A．met B．watched C．called D．heard 41．A．hiding B．finding C．cutting D．digging 42．A．determined B．suitable C．nervous D．encouraged 43．A．hit B．marked C．covered D．taken 44．A．delicious B．enough C．1ess D．extra 45．A．teacher B．friend C．animal D．bird 三、完型填空（共10小题； 每小题1分，满分10分） There once was a farmer who lost his watch in his barn (谷仓). The watch was only cheap but was very ____36 to him because it was a gift from his father. After _ 37 __ the barn for a long time, he gave up and asked for __38 __ from a group of children playing nearby. He __39 __ them that the person who found the watch would be rewarded. Hearing this, the children hurried inside the barn ___40 __. They searched everywhere but still could not find the __41 ___. Just when the farmer was going to give up, a little boy went up to him and asked to be given another ___42___. The farmer looked at him and thought, “ Why not? After all, this kid looks honest.” So the farmer __43 _ the little boy back into the barn. After a while the little boy came out with the watch in his hand! The surprised farmer asked the boy how he ___44__ where the rest had failed. The boy replied, “ I did nothing but sit quietly and listen for the sound of the watch.” This shows us that sometimes a __45__ mind can think better than an excited one.” 36. A. important B. expensive C. useless D. interesting 37. A. finding B. searching C. watching D. studying 38. A. money B. danger C. work D. help 39. A. promised B. taught C. warned D. believed 40. A. angrily B. slowly C. immediately D. hardly 41. A. rule B. book C. child D. watch 42. A. way B. chance C. lesson D. smile 43. A. threw B. sent C. gave D. caught 44. A. came B. knew C. succeeded D. suggested 45. 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