选择性必修2 UNIT 4(Word教师用书)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

项目一背诵单元词汇·充盈“语料库” 一、词块记忆“阅读词汇” 1．a network of friends　　　　　 朋友网 2．an autonomous province 自治省 3．domestic flights 国内航班 4．the victim in the accident 事故中的受害者 5．maintain a database 维护数据库 6．be suspected of theft 涉嫌偷窃 7．the largest stadium 最大的体育场 8．a vitamin B capsule 维生素B胶囊 9．a fountain of ideas 思想的源泉 10．contemporary society 当代社会 11．the seed of wheat 小麦的种子 12．a virtual world 虚拟世界 13．the temperature sensor 温度传感器 14．academic atmosphere 学术氛围 15．a natural barrier 天然的屏障 16．the initial reaction 最初的反应 二、词块记忆“核心词汇” 1．achieve a breakthrough　　　 取得突破性进展 2．give you a verbal warning 给你一次口头警告 3．receive popular recognition 获得普遍认可 4．alternative ways 可供选择的方法 5．deny the rumours 对这些传言予以否认 6．quantity and quality 数量和质量 7．feel fully justified 觉得完全有道理 8．the superiority of this operating system 这种操作系统的优越性 9．clear simple definitions 简单明了的释义 10．clone an animal 克隆动物 三、写准用对“变形词汇” 1．input n．输入的信息；投入 vt.输入(信息)→(反义词) output n．输出；输出量；产量；出产 vt.输出 2．analyse vt.分析→analysis n．分析→analytical adj.分析的；解析的；善于分析的 3．mass n．大量→massive adj.巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的→massively adv.巨大地；大量地 4．finance n．财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金→financial adj.财政的，金融的；财务的 5．crime n．罪，罪行；犯罪活动→criminal adj.犯罪的 n．罪犯 6．murder vt. & n．谋杀，凶杀→murderer n．谋杀犯；凶手 7．apparent adj.明显的；显而易见的→apparently adv.显然，可见 8．greed n．贪婪；贪心→greedy adj.贪心的，贪婪的→greedily adv.贪婪地；贪食地 9．distribute vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销→distribution n．分发，分送；分配，分布→distributor n．经销商；分销商 10．threat n．构成威胁的人(或事物)；威胁，恐吓；凶兆→threaten vt.危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓→threatening adj.恐吓的；具有威胁的 11．bury vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖；使陷入→buried adj.埋在地下的；埋葬的；埋藏的→burial n．埋葬；葬礼 12．practise v．实践→practice v．& n．实践→practical adj.实际的，真实的；切实可行的；有用的；实事求是的 13．engage vt. & vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系→engaged adj.忙于，从事于；已订婚的→engagement n．婚约；约会 14．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气；打扰，骚扰→annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoying adj.使人恼怒的→annoyance n．恼怒，烦恼 15．expense n．费用；开销；开支→expensive adj.昂贵的；花钱多的 四、因境而异的“熟词生义或词性活用” 1．capacity n．领悟(或理解、办事)能力→n.容量，容积；职位，职责；生产量 2．bury vt.埋藏；埋葬，安葬；覆盖；遮盖→vt.使陷入 3．coin n．(统称)硬币→vt.创造(新词语)；铸(币)，造(硬币) 4．finance n．财政，金融；资金；财力，财务管理→ vt.提供资金 5．urge n．冲动，强烈的欲望→vt.敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策 6．pose n．姿势→vt.造成，产生；提问，质询 vi.摆好姿势 7．demand n．要求，所需之物；需求，需要→vt.需要；强烈要求 8．decrease n．减少，降低→vt.& vi.减少，降低 9．spy n．间谍→vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见 10．monitor n．显示屏；监测器；班长→vt.监视，跟踪调查；监听 11．highlight n．最好(或最精彩)的部分→vt.突出，强调；使醒目 五、记牢用活“重点短语” 1．(build) castles in the air (建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2．to name but a few 略举几例 3．fall victim to 受伤，受损，被害 4．break into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始 (笑、唱等)；顺利打入 5．in large quantities 大量，大批 6．spy on 暗中监视，窥探 7．at the forefront of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 8．a host of 许多，大量 9．boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 10．like weeds 大量 11．at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 12．come true 实现 13．adjust to 适合；适应 14．put forward 提出(计划、建议) 15．in short 简而言之；总之 16．get close to 接近；靠近 17．to one's advantage 对某人有利 18．be equipped with 配备……，装备…… 19．figure out 弄清楚 20．in terms of ... 就……来说；从……角度 项目二背诵出彩表达·有话“好好说” 一、单元重点句式内外兼修 1．It's predicted that ... 教材内佳句 It can be predicted that before long many people will be using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink. 据预测，不久很多人将使用无人机运送诸如食物和饮料等日常用品。 教材外佳句 It is predicted that the Internet will replace books as the first source of information before long. 据预测，互联网不久将会取代书籍作为第一手信息来源。 2.There's no denying that ... 教材内佳句 There can be no denying that the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life. 无可否认，这种技术将对日常生活产生重大影响。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)There's no denying that I gained a sense of accomplishment by learning a pleasant song and performing it in front of my family.　不可否认，学会一首好听的歌，并在家人面前表演，让我获得了一种成就感。 ②There is no denying that being exposed to some traditional culture is beneficial to children. 不可否认的是，接触一些传统文化对孩子们有好处。 3.状语从句的省略 教材内佳句 When shopping online, you can look forward to being able to have your own virtual reality clone try on clothes and to see products with 360－degree views.　网上购物时，你可以期待自己的虚拟现实克隆人替你试穿衣服、360°全方位查看产品。 教材外佳句 (2023·全国乙卷书面表达)When learning Suzhou embroidery, I began to realize the importance of traditional Chinese culture and decided to spread it as much as possible. 在学习苏绣时，我开始意识到中国传统文化的重要性，并决定要尽可能地传播它。 4.插入语 教材内佳句 However, as with any technology, there must be some barriers to the development of VR, I guess? 但是任何技术都有瓶颈，VR的发展想必也是如此吧？ 教材外佳句 What do you suppose I should do when I meet something like this? 你认为当我遇到像这样的事时应该做什么？ 5.作表语的不定式省略to 教材内佳句 You could be away from your busy life and travel to a far distant land instantly — all you need to do is touch a few buttons. 你可以从繁忙的生活中解脱出来，立即到遥远的地方旅行——你所需要做的就是按几个按钮。 教材外佳句 (外研版选择性必修4佳句)Like the writer, all we can do is look backwards “with a sigh” and imagine what could have been. 就像作者一样，我们能做的只有在回首往事时“轻声叹息”，幻想事情本可以成为什么样子。 6.once引导条件状语从句 教材内佳句 Once you choose your destination, built－in sensors map your body and the latest transport technology takes you there in an instant! 一旦你选择了目的地，内置的传感器会定位你身体所处的位置，最新的交通技术会让你瞬间到达目的地！ 教材外佳句 (外研版选择性必修4佳句)As Morrie says, “Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live.” 正如莫里所说：“懂得了怎样死亡，也就学会了怎样生活。” 二、单元主题佳句纵横拓展 热考主题：科技发展 1．In conclusion, I believe the development of science and technology brings significant impacts to our life. 总之，我相信科技的发展会给我们的生活带来重大的影响。 2．Science and technology are the primary productive forces and have been playing a key role in the national economy development. 科学技术是第一生产力，一直在国民经济发展中发挥着关键作用。 3．With science becoming more advanced, transportation is more convenient, people live much longer and the level of their living conditions is higher. 随着科学的进步，交通更加便利，人们的寿命更长，生活水平也更高。 4．It is believed that this type of cellphone is one of the greatest inventions and of great help in daily life. 人们认为这款手机是最伟大的发明之一，对日常生活有很大帮助。 5．As a useful tool, this technological product makes it possible for us to make visual communication with anyone no matter when and where we are. 作为一个有用的工具，这项技术产品使我们无论何时何地与任何人进行视频交流成为可能。 三、续写高分素材学中悟道 系列背诵情感表达之“困惑” Much to my surprise, Evelyn added that she thought it was cool when I talked to my parents with my hands. I breathed a sigh of relief.“Do you really think so？” I asked cautiously, still in doubt. Evelyn nodded with a serious look on her face. “It's like a secret code. Would you teach me some sign languages, please？” Staring at her with confusion, I hesitated. 高分悟道 本段中使用了一般疑问句，以及“in doubt, with confusion”等词块，生动形象地描写了作者的困惑心情，让读者产生共鸣。 高分有招 常见的描写人物困惑的高分词汇有： puzzled/confused　　　　困惑的 at a loss 困惑 in confusion 困惑地 scratch one's head 苦思冥想 all at sea 不知所措 puzzle over/about 苦苦思索 一、默写重点单词 1．capacity n．　　　 领悟(或理解、办事)能力；容量， 容积；职位，职责；生产量 2．breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 　 突破性的 3．urge vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐，竭力主张； 驱赶，鞭策 n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 4．pose vt. 造成，产生；提问，质询 vi. 摆好姿势 n. 姿势 5．warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒 6．demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要 7．recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识 8．alternative n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 9．decrease vt. & vi. & n．　 减少，降低 10．deny vt. 否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 11．quantity n. 数量；大量 12．spy vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见 n. 间谍 13．monitor vt. 监视，跟踪调查；监听 n. 显示屏；监测器；班长 14．justified adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的；有正当理由的 15．superiority n. 优越感；优越性，优势 16．definition n. 定义；释义，解释 17．clone n. 好像一模一样的人，复制品； 克隆动物(或植物) vt. 克隆，以无性繁殖技术复制 二、默写变形词汇 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 三、默写重点短语 1．(build)_castles_in_the_air (建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想 2．to_name_but_a_few 略举几例 3．fall_victim_to 受伤，受损，被害 4．break_into 强行闯入，撬开；突然开始 (笑、唱等)；顺利打入 5．in_large_quantities 大量，大批 6．spy_on 暗中监视，窥探 7．at_the_forefront_of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 8．a_host_of 许多，大量 9．boil_down_to 归结为，基本问题是 10．like_weeds 大量 11．at_the_expense_of 在牺牲……的情况下 12．come_true 实现 13．adjust_to 适合；适应 14．put_forward 提出(计划、建议) 15．in_short 简而言之；总之 16．get_close_to 接近；靠近 17．to_one's_advantage 对某人有利 18．be_equipped_with 配备……，装备…… 19．figure_out 弄清楚 20．in_terms_of_... 就……来说；从……角度 词汇1　demand vt.需要；强烈要求 n．要求，所需之物；需求，需要 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①He has promised to repay the loan at any time on demand. ②As far as I know, science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China. ③My father came downstairs and demanded to_know (know) what was going on. ④The engine will demand checking/to_be_checked(check)． ⑤If you are in a position to meet our needs, we think your products will enjoy popular sales in our market.demands |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)demand sth.of sb.　　　 向某人要求某物 demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand of sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事 demand that sb.(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事 (2)on demand 一经要求 in demand 有需求；受欢迎 meet one's demands 满足某人的需求 (3)demanding adj. 苛求的；要求高的；费力的 名师指津： (1)demand 后接doing，为主动形式表示被动意义，相当于demand to be done。用法类似的词还有：need, want, require等。 (2)demand作名词时后跟的名词性从句及作动词时后跟的宾语从句中的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气“(should＋)动词原形”。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑥(续写之情绪描写)He was fuming with rage and demanded_of_us_to_tell_him what on earth happened. 他气得大发雷霆，要求我们告诉他究竟发生了什么事。 ⑦(应用文之通知)We demand that all_members_should_take__training on a daily basis, more exactly, from 3 pm to 5 pm every day. 我们要求所有成员每天都要接受培训，更确切地说，每天下午3点到5点。 词汇2　alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/同义句转换)　 ①If we expect people to give up the bad habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on. ②Would you like to have a meeting about the matter this afternoon? Alternatively (alternative), we could discuss it at dinner. ③If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own. ④In view of the bad weather they can do nothing but put the meeting off. →In view of the bad weather they had_no_alternative/choice_but_to_put the meeting off. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)an alternative to ... ……的替代物(to是介词) have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative/choice of doing sth. 有做某事的选择 (2)alternatively adv. (引出第二种选择或可能的建议)要不，或者 名师指津：“别无选择只好做……”的表达有：have no alternative/choice but to do sth.；can't do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.。在这些结构中，若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式 (does, did, done)，but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(主旨升华句)Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have_no_alternative/choice_but_to_face failure bravely and learn from it. 失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们除了勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训外别无选择。 ⑥(话题写作之网络)In addition, the Internet also provides us with a_cheap_and_convenient_alternative_to_communicating with others. 此外，互联网也为我们提供了一种既低廉又方便的与他人交流的选择。 词汇3　decrease vt.& vi.减少，降低 n．减少，降低 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①The number of new students decreased from 1,200 to 900 this year. ②This species of bird is decreasing in number every year. ③The number of employees has decreased to twenty after the manager laid off some of them. ④The output of August in this company decreased by 20% compared with that of July. ⑤The new survey shows that the natural disasters are on_the_increase. 最新调查显示自然灾害在不断增多。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)decrease (2)a decrease in ...　　　　　 ……的减少 on the decrease 在减少 on the increase 在增加 名师指津： (1)decrease by表示“减少了”，强调减少的量；decrease to表示“减少到”，强调减少后的量。 (2)on the decrease意为“在减少”；on the increase意为“在增加”。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑥(话题写作之健康)She takes exercise every day, and she has decreased_her_weight_from_80_kilograms_to 60 kilograms. 她每天都锻炼身体，现在她的体重已由八十公斤降到了六十公斤。 ⑦(话题写作之环境保护)Over the past decades, sea ice has_been_on_the_decrease in the Arctic as a result of global warming. 在过去的几十年里，由于全球变暖，北极的海冰一直在减少。 词汇4　deny vt.否认，否定；拒绝承认，拒绝接受 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①He denied attempting (attempt) to distract attention from the truth. ②There is no denying (deny) that customs differ in different countries. ③It can't be_denied (deny) that exercising regularly and keeping a balanced diet benefit our health greatly. |系|统|归|纳|　 deny doing sth.　　　　　 否认/拒绝承认做某事 deny that ... 否认…… No one can deny (the fact) that ... 没有人可以否认……(的事实) There is no denying that ... ＝It can't be denied that ... 　　 不可否认…… |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(一句多译)　 ④(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)不可否认，是老师的鼓励和帮助让我获得了成功。 →There_is_no_denying_that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my success. →No_one_can_deny_that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my success. →It_can't_be_denied_that it was my teacher's encouragement and help that resulted in my success. 词汇5　engage vt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣)；雇用，聘用；与……建立密切关系 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①After all, the scientist is engaged (engage) in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world. ②We are now engaging ourselves in a great and most glorious cause, never undertaken by our forefathers. ③Her father engaged a tutor to_improve (improve) her maths. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)engage sb./oneself in ... 使某人/自己参与…… engage sb. as ... 雇用某人作为…… engage sb. to do sth. 聘请某人做某事 (2)engaged adj. 忙于，从事于；被占用的，使用中的 be engaged in ... 忙于……；从事于 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(同义替换/同义句转换)　 ④(应用文之通知)The program aims to encourage students to bury themselves to making a difference to society. engage ⑤(应用文之演讲稿)The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life. →The students benefiting most from college are those totally_engaged_in academic life.(非谓语动词作定语) 词汇6　expense n．费用；开销；开支 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①I am planning to make progress in English at my own expense. ②He spares no expense to_collect (collect) the paintings by Picasso. ③They went to all the expense of redecorating the house and then they moved. ④In study memorization should not be stressed at_the_expense_of comprehension. 学习中不能只偏重记忆而忽视理解。 |系|统|归|纳|　 at the expense of　　 在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下 spare no expense 不惜一切代价 cover/cut down one's expense 应付/节省开支 at sb.'s expense 由某人付费/负担费用 go to the expense of sth./of doing sth. 把钱用在……上；花钱于 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑤(应用文之倡议书)We should spare_no_expense to protect the environment. 我们应该不遗余力地保护环境。 ⑥(话题写作之环境保护)Some students think that we should not get the rapid economic development at_the_expense_of_the_environment.A_host_of_problems we face now can boil_down_to how to balance the relationship between economic development and environmental protection.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 一些学生认为我们不应该以牺牲环境为代价来获得经济的快速发展。现在我们所面临的许多问题归根结底都是如何平衡经济发展与环境保护之间的关系。 词汇7　boil down to归结为，基本问题是 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(介、副词填空)　 ①When I returned, the water had all boiled away and the flame burnt a hole in the kettle. ②The original speech I had written got boiled down to about ten minutes. ③Their small argument boiled over into a serious quarrel. ④Look, it boils down to this: do you really want to move all the way across the country for a job, or not? |系|统|归|纳|　 boil away　　　 烧干，煮干 boil sth. down 压缩；概括；归纳 boil over 溢出；怒火中烧；恶化；爆发 boil up (局势、情绪等)进入危急关头，令人担忧 boil ... up 煮沸；把(液体或食物)烧开 boil with anger 怒不可遏 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(应用文之建议信)Learning English can boil_down_to_three_simple_factors:_persistence, proper ways and good teachers. 学习英语能总结为三个简单的因素：坚持、恰当的方法和好的老师。 ⑥(续写之情绪描写)Elizabeth seems to boil_over for the slightest reason these days. 伊丽莎白这几天似乎怒气冲冲，一触即发。 ⑦(续写之情绪描写)I used to be all sweetness and light on the outside, but inside I would be_boiling_with_rage. 我过去常常是外表看上去轻松愉快，而内心却怒火中烧。 句式1　状语从句的省略 |要|点|解|读|　 (1)当when, while, before, after, unless, once, as if, if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句的主语为it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。省略后从句的形式：连词＋形容词/副词/现在分词/过去分词。 (2)状语从句的省略句中的过去分词通常应视为被动语态的省略，而不能视为完成时态的省略。 |习|练|规|则|————————————————————(变换句式)　 ①Unless he is invited, he will not come back to the company. →Unless_invited,_he will not come back to the company. ②If you are accepted for this post, you will be informed within a week. →If_accepted_for_this_post,_you will be informed within a week. ③When you are crossing the street, you should be careful. →When_crossing_the_street,_you should be careful. |应|用|写|美|　 ④(续写之环境描写)爬山时，我们感受到了温暖的阳光，欣赏到了美丽的风景。 While_climbing_the_mountain,_we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view. ⑤(应用文之申请信)如果被接受，我可以向游客介绍中国画的技巧，这可以帮助他们更多地了解中国文化。 If_accepted,_I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors, which can help them know more about Chinese culture. 句式2　作表语的不定式省略to |要|点|解|读|　 不定式作表语时，在下列几种情况下，不定式符号 to可以省略。 (1)当句子主语是被动词 do作谓语的定语从句修饰的all, all that, anything, the only thing (way), 或thing 前面有序数词(first, second) 或last 等修饰，或者由“形容词＋最高级”修饰时，to都可以省略。 All you have to do is put it in the toaster and wait till it pops up. (2)当主语是带有动词 do的由 what引导的主语从句时，其表语的不定式符号 to可以省略。 What the plan does is ensure a fair pension for all. |习|练|规|则|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ①All I did was (to)_touch_the_vase,_and it broke all of a sudden. 我只不过碰了一下花瓶，它突然就破了。 ②The only thing to do now is (to)_go_on. 前进是现在唯一的出路。 ③What I'll do is (to)_tell_her_the_truth. 我要做的就是告诉她真相。 |应|用|写|美|　 ④(话题写作之旅游)我们所能做的就是尽我们所能珍惜这一趟不凡的旅程。 All we can do is (to)_do_our_best_to_cherish_this_remarkable_ride. ⑤(话题写作之旅游)你在信中说，你最想做的事情就是去游览长城。 You told me in your letter what_you_wanted_to_do_best_was_(to)_visit_the_Great_Wall. 素养目标——精读真题语篇，阅读多维提能 |对接主题——科技发展| (2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解C篇)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on－time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher－value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co－pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time. [真题再做] 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。无人机将会在保证铁路的安全性和可靠性的同时，还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省大量费用。 1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible? A．The use of drones in checking on power lines. B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes. C．The reduction of cost in designing drones. D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high－tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们同样可以被用来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。由此可知，无人机已经被用于检查高压电线，这使得无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能。 2．What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.”可知，据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维护人员、经常在夜间检查和维修铁路基础设施。由此可知，画线词指的是“检查和维修”。 3．What function is expected of the rail drones? A．To provide early warning. B．To make trains run automatically. C．To earn profits for the crews. D．To accelerate transportation. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones ... react in time.”可知，工程师们现在正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行。配备了先进传感器和人工智能的小型无人机可以像副驾驶员一样引导火车前进。它们有预见未来的能力，可以发出任何问题的信号，这样快速行驶的列车就能及时做出反应。由此可知，人们期待未来的铁路无人机具备提供早期预警的功能。 4．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知，在未来，无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来”最适合作本文的标题。 [多维提能] 一、题型思维建模 词义猜测题解题攻略(以第2题为例) 1．警惕易错易误——似是而非 本题易误选A。部分考生根据画线词所在句and后的“better protection of railway personnel safety”就误认为画线词maintenance与and后内容为近义表达，指的是人员的安全，从而误选A项。 2．内化题型技法——依据语义关联猜测词义 解答词义猜测题时，要从上下文的语义关联角度考虑。画线单词或短语的前后有时会出现其上下义的相关表达，这为判断该词或短语的意义提供了主要依据。 以本题为例，根据第三段第二句中的“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”可知，inspect and repair就是maintenance的下义词。由此可知，画线词指的是“检查和维修”。 二、词汇拓展训练 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(一词多义)Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year？n.(设备、机器的)操作员 ②(一词多义)Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.v.消减；n.运营 ③(熟词生义)They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.n.轨道；v.设置 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①apply ...to ...　　　　 把……应用于…… ②make sure 确保 ③on a 24/7 basis 全天候 ④provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 ⑤work on 从事 ⑥ahead of 在……之前 三、长难句式破译 1．That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. 抓标志：连接词(第二个)that 判类型：复合句(含有一个宾语从句) 试翻译：那很有可能是未来(的情景)——应用今天的“空中之眼”技术来确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。 2．With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast－moving trains would be able to react in time. 抓标志：从属连词so_that 判类型：主句＋结果状语从句 试翻译：它们有预见未来的能力，可以发出任何问题的信号，这样快速行驶的列车就能及时作出反应。 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The traffic issue not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten (威胁) people's lives. 2．The chemicals pose (造成) little risk to human health. 3．We've just heard a warning (警告) on the radio that a hurricane is likely to come. 4．There is no doubt that the increase in demand (需求) leads to the rise in prices. 5．I know your plan is very good, but do you have a(n) alternative (可供替代的) one to replace it? 6．I'm determined to go to Australia for further study at my own expense (费用)． 7．They have been monitoring (监听) the enemy's radio broadcasts to try to find out their secret plans. 8．As we all know, Chinese scientists have made a great breakthrough (突破) in the aerospace. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Mr Zhang accumulated a lot of experience in finance (financial) while he worked in the American bank. 2．After the bank robbery, the criminal (crime) went to the countryside where he changed his name. 3．I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent (urge) thing to attend to. 4．The unfair distribution (distribute) of wealth has led to many problems. 5．At last a prediction (predict) is made about what smart phones will be like in the future. 6．The conclusion (conclude), I think, he drew from the simple experiment is not scientific. 7．Apparently (apparent), young children can't control themselves when they play video games. 8．Buried (bury) deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal. Ⅲ.选词填空 to name but a few, make a breakthrough, in large quantities, at the forefront of, break into, decrease by, in conclusion, be engaged in 1．Now his aim is to be a chemist and make_a_breakthrough in the area of chemistry. 2．In_conclusion,_I wish you all have good health and a long life. 3．It was when she was sleeping in her bedroom that a thief broke_into the house. 4．The Jinuo people rely on rich natural resources, and they are__engaged_in farming and fishing mostly. 5．The traffic accidents in the city decreased_by 30% last year. 6．If you want to make money by selling low－price goods, you have to buy them in_large_quantities directly from the factories. 7．Bees, bats and rodents, to_name_but_a_few,_can see what humans can't — ultraviolet light. 8．We must remain at_the_forefront_of innovation in executive education. Ⅳ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)It_won't_be_long_before he adjusts himself to the life in university. 用不了多久他就会适应大学生活。 2．(完成句子)Once_she_decides_to_do_something,_no one can change her mind. 一旦她决定干什么，谁也改变不了她的主意。 3．(一句多译)无论遇到什么困难，他从未放弃。 ①No_matter_what_difficulties_he_ran_into,_he never gave up. ②Whatever_difficulties_he_ran_into,_he never gave up. 4．(一句多译)不可否认的是勇气在我们生活中扮演着重要角色。 ①It_can't_be_denied_that courage is playing an important role in our life. ②There_is_no_denying_that courage is playing an important role in our life. 5．He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading. ①He sat at a wooden table, buried_in_reading.(过去分词短语作状语) ②He sat at a wooden table, burying_himself_in_reading.(现在分词短语作状语) Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2024·苏北四市调研)This year in March, I jumped into a heated pool in California to meet a dolphin named Delle. As I approached her, Delle turned towards me and became playful, greeting me by splashing me with her beak. Delighted, I reached out to pat her shiny skin. It felt rubbery, which was the main giveaway that the dolphin Delle was a robot. Just as fake (假的) animals are becoming very realistic, it's becoming increasingly less acceptable to use live animals for entertainment purposes.Documentaries like Blackfish (2013) and The Cove (2009) have exposed some of the horrific treatment and suffering of ocean mammals. The resulting public protest has made aquariums (水族馆) controversial and has made them attract less visitors. Arguably, entertaining people with captive (圈养的) animals is vital for animal conservation. Many zoos and aquariums actively try to promote conservation efforts by providing educational experiences and encouraging interest in the natural world. This type of entertainment is useful, because it inspires people to care. At first, this seems like a reason to avoid replacing the animals with technology. However, research in the rapidly developing field of human－robot interaction is showing astonishing results on engagement with robots that can imitate lifelike behaviour. When physically interactive, robots attract a lot of attention. People tend to treat them like they're alive, even though they know perfectly well they're just machines. If we start to replace the animals in our theme parks with machines, will this trend decrease our wonder for the natural world? A bunch of people expressed negative gut reactions (本能反应) after I posted the video of the robot dolphin on social media. And yet, I don't believe that using robot animals will cause us to forget the worth of living creatures. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了真实的动物需要保护，现在已经有新的仿真动物机器人出现，它们和人的互动有着良好的反馈。作者支持用仿真动物机器人取代真实动物。 1．Why does the author mention Delle in Paragraph 1? A．To share a special experience. B．To promote rubbery dolphins. C．To draw attention to robot animals. D．To describe a dolphin performance. 解析：选C　推理判断题。下文作者介绍用仿真动物机器人代替真实动物，所以根据第一段尤其是“It felt rubbery ... the dolphin Delle was a robot.”可知，作者提及仿真动物机器人Delle是想引起大家对仿真动物机器人的关注。 2．What can we learn about live animals in zoos? A．They are well treated. B．They make zoos popular. C．They are well entertained. D．They deserve conservation. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Documentaries like Blackfish (2013) ... the horrific treatment and suffering ... attract less visitors”可知，动物遭受虐待，引发公众抗议。由此可知，动物园里的真实动物应被保护。 3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Reasons for replacing animals with robots. B．Benefits of entertaining people with robots. C．Research results on interaction with robots. D．Public concerns over engagement with robots. 解析：选C　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍了关于人机互动的研究结果。 4．What's the author's attitude to replacing animals with machines? A．Favorable.　　　 B．Intolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 解析：选A　观点态度题。 根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者不相信使用这种机器动物会让我们忘记活着的动物的价值，这说明作者支持使用仿真动物机器人。 B (2024·福州质检)Someday, you may no longer need to brush your teeth by hand.Instead, a group of billions of nanoparticles (纳米粒子) could automatically do all that work for you.It would be especially life－changing for people who find it difficult or impossible to hold and move a toothbrush. Steager, an engineer at the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun Koo, an inventor and dental researcher there, found a way to form the nanoparticles into long, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lot like the ones on a toothbrush.But these bristles shape－shift to fit whatever surface they encounter. The tooth－cleaning robot works thanks to two magnets (磁铁)．One goes each side of the teeth.The nanoparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets.When the magnets are turned off, the nanoparticles move randomly in the liquid.As soon as one magnet gets turned on, the nanoparticles gather together near its center.When the researchers turn on the other magnet and turn off the first one, the nanoparticles extend outward in long, skinny bristles.When there's a tooth in the way, these bristles can't stretch out as far as they want.So they push against the tooth's surface.If there's a gap between teeth, they push into the gap. Moving the magnets makes the bristles move against and between teeth. All that motion cleans the teeth. As a bonus, the nanoparticles also have strong power to kill viruses. The new device is just a proof of concept.The researchers still need to turn it into a product that people will want to use.“There's a lot of engineering to get from here to there, but every good idea needs to have a start，” said Steager. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员研发出了一款纳米洁牙机器人。 5．What is special about the tooth cleaner? A．It's water－proof. B．It's transformable. C．It looks like a toothbrush. D．It contains skinny bristles. 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But these bristles shape－shift to fit whatever surface they encounter.”可知，尽管这些刷毛和普通牙刷的无异，但这些刷毛可以改变形状来适应它们碰到的任何表面，这是其特殊之处。 6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The working principle of the tooth－cleaning robot. B．The magnets' motion. C．The virus－killing process. D．The bristles' formation. 解析：选A　段落大意题。 根据第三段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要介绍了洁牙机器人的工作原理。 7．How does Steager feel about the future of the device? A．Uncertain. B．Confident. C．Concerned. D．Surprised. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Steager所说的话“but every good idea needs to have a start”可以推断，Steager 对洁牙机器人的前景很有信心。 8．Which of the following would be the best title? A．A Tooth－Cleaner Fighting Bacteria B．A Breakthrough in Medicine C．A Shape－Shifting Robotic Tooth－Cleaner D．A New Concept for a New Start 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“a group of billions of nanoparticles could automatically do all that work for you”以及第二段中的“these bristles shape－shift to fit whatever surface”可知，本文主要介绍了一款可以变形的纳米洁牙机器人，故C项适合作本文的标题。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.阅读七选五 (2024·大连双基测试)Back in January, I was determined to get fit seriously. __1__ But then just as I was close to giving up again, I discovered a brilliant new way to make exercise better: by turning it into a video game. Zwift is essentially a cycling game that you control by riding your real bike, which is equipped with a device called a turbo trainer. This makes it like an exercise bike. As you ride, the trainer sends signals to your computer or tablet to control the character on the screen. __2__ For example, as you're cycling up a hill in the game, you can actually feel the different levels of resistance on the bike. After signing up for a ￡ 12/month subscription, you can participate in virtual cycle rides in 3D recreations of real places, like London or fantastical fictional locations invented by the game designers. __3__ As you cycle along The Mall towards Buckingham Palace, other real human cyclists appear alongside you, sharing the journey. Though it is obviously only a game, just seeing the character move is surprisingly motivating. __4__ Go a little faster and you'll be rewarded with a little achievement marker. If you ride harder, you might win a race against another real player and unlock a new item in a regular video game, which can never be matched by a traditional exercise bike. I'm not the only person who has noticed this. __5__ Today there are many other companies chasing the same audience, and they all offer their own unique twists on the formula. A．Zwift makes it easy to work out. B．And importantly, you're not alone. C．The rest of the tech industry has, too. D．I played Zwift, a cycling game for training. E．And then the game sends instructions back to the trainer. F．Smartly, the tricks of video games will keep pushing you. G．This would mean hours' stretching and sweating each week. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款电子游戏，结合安装在自行车上的设备，该游戏可以模拟真实的骑行进行锻炼。 1．解析：选G　根据空前一句“I was determined to get fit seriously”可知，作者决定变得健康；再结合下文可知，作者几乎快放弃了说明运动应该很辛苦，因此空处应承上启下，故G项“这意味着每周数小时的伸展和流汗”符合语境。 2．解析：选E　空前一句讲到，在你骑行时，这个设备会向你的电脑或平板发送信号来控制屏幕上的角色；空后一句讲到，当你在该游戏中骑车上山时，你在自行车上实际可以感受到不同程度的阻力。故E项“然后游戏将操作说明发送给这个设备”承上启下，符合语境。 3．解析：选B　根据空后一句可知，当你沿着皇家英里大道向白金汉宫骑行时，其他骑自行车的真人出现在你身边，与你共享这段旅程。由此可知，B项“重要的是，你并不孤单”衔接下文，符合语境。 4．解析：选F　空处位于句首，为该段主题句；通读该段内容可知，本段介绍了这种电子游戏还有其他的小把戏来推动人锻炼，故F项“更漂亮的是，这种电子游戏的小把戏会持续推动你锻炼”符合语境。 5．解析：选C　根据空前一句可知，作者不是唯一注意到这一点的人；再根据空后一句可知，今天，还有许多其他公司在追逐同样的受众，他们都在这个方法上取得了自己独特的新进展。由此可知，C项“其他的科技公司也注意到了这点”承上启下，符合语境。 Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·烟台模拟)With the start of new school, freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers.Among them, however, 15－year－old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born.Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary.Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him. Sergio's parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age.As he grew up, he was used to not using his right hand.He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques.Despite this, in the first days of new school, Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so. It didn't take long for someone to learn Sergio's secret.Jeff Wilkins, the teacher of Sergio's engineering class, figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student.Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology.Besides, he hoped to take advantage of this hands－on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked. So in his class, Jeff announced with great enthusiasm, “You're supposed to be engineering, coming up with new ideas and solving issues.Now Sergio needs a new hand, so we'll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone's curiosity and creativity. For the next four weeks, Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project.After some precise measurements and researches, the class put forward a design draft.Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions.With access to online models and a 3D printer, they eventually created a robotic hand, which was intended to look good and work well, like catching something. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Then came the final testing day.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Then came the final testing day.The whole class gathered in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self－made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm.It fitted quite well! So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly.Having put a baseball on the desk, Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up.Slowly, Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball.Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers! Holding the ball, Sergio couldn't contain his tears.Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand! The life－changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news.When interviewed about the intention of the project, Jeff said, “I intended Sergio's robotic hand to show our support for him.Meanwhile, I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands－on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality, from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in, which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$