选择性必修1 UNIT 1(Word教师用书)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

项目一背诵单元词汇·充盈“语料库” 一、词块记忆“阅读词汇” 1．the lovely creamy flavour　 美妙光滑细腻的味道 2．eat up all the food greedily 贪婪地吃光所有食物 3．a sense of security 安全感 4．food high in calories 高卡路里的食物 5．fry steak in the pan 用平底锅油煎牛排 6．the pollution of the atmosphere 　 大气污染 7．the new version of the dictionary　 新版本字典 8．the filling of the pie 　 馅饼的馅 9．bake mooncakes in the bakery　 在面包店烘烤月饼 10．a mild punishment 一次不严重的责罚 11．a fine layer of dust 一层薄薄的尘土 12．a basic ingredient 一个基本成分 13．a loose tooth 一颗松动的牙齿 14．damp and foggy 潮湿和有雾的 15．in the late Qing Dynasty 在清朝末年 16．suffer multiple injuries 多处受伤 17．a professional chef 专业厨师 18．damage other people's property　 损坏他人财物 19．delicate china teacups 易碎的瓷茶杯 20．candy wrappers 糖果包装纸 21．a mixture of old and new buildings 新旧建筑的结合 22．a big house at the edge of town 城镇边的一栋大房子 二、词块记忆“核心词汇” 1．native English speakers　 以英语为母语的人 2．enhance people's consciousness of health 提高人们的健康意识 3．boil the kettle 烧壶水 4．enjoy the beautiful scenery 　 欣赏美丽的风景 5．help the elderly do the housework 帮助老人做家务 6．expand knowledge of the universe 扩大对宇宙的认识 7．take an appropriate measure　 采取恰当的措施 8．an essential part of a child's development 孩子成长中必不可少的一环 9．an abstract concept　　 抽象的概念 10．stimulate our interest in studying English 激发我们学英语的兴趣 三、写准用对“变形词汇” 1．combine vt. & vi.(使)融合；(使)结合，(使)混合；兼做；合并→combination n．结合体，联合体；联合，混合 2．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的→gently adv.轻柔地，温和地 3．associate v．联想，联系；(使)关联→association n．联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往 4．vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变→various adj.各种各样的；多方面的→variety n．多样；种类；多样化 5．emotion n．情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→emotional adj.情感的；情绪的；情绪激动的→emotionally adv.感情上；情绪上；情绪冲动地 6．salt n．盐；食盐→salty adj.咸的，含盐的 7．relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→relief n．救济；减轻，解除；安慰 8．generate vt.产生，引起→generation n．(电、热等的)产生；一代；一代人 9．impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→impression n．印象；感想→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 10．adore vt.崇拜；爱慕；喜爱；极喜欢→adorable adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的 11．consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)→consumer n．消费者；顾客 12．innovate v．创新；改革；革新；引入→innovation n．创造，创新；新思想，新方法 13．emphasize vt.强调，着重→emphasis n．强调，重视；重读 四、因境而异的“熟词生义或词性活用” 1．mood n．情绪，心情→n.气氛，氛围 2．flavour n．味，味道；特点，特色→vt.给……调味，加味于 3．link n．联系，连接；关系，纽带→vt.联系，相关联 4．sour adj.酸的，有酸味的；馊的→vi.& vt.(使)变坏；变味，酸腐 5．bond n．纽带，联系；连接，结合→v.与……黏合；与……密切联系 6．digest vt.& vi.消化；领会，理解→n.摘要，文摘 7．lower adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的→vt.降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下 8．cycle n．循环；自行车，摩托车→vi.骑自行车 9．bet n．打赌，赌注；预计，估计→vi.& vt.下赌注，打赌；敢说 10．bitter adj.味苦的；激烈的→ adj.令人难过的；严寒的 11．plain n．平原→adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 12．slice n．薄片，片；部分，份额→vt.把……切成片；切开，割破 13．estimate n．估计；估计的成本→vt.估计，估价 14．appetite n．食欲，胃口→n.强烈欲望 五、记牢用活“重点短语” 1．do the trick　　　　 奏效，起作用，达到目的 2．not to mention 更不用说 3．cry out for 迫切需要 4．throw oneself into 投身于，热衷于 5．out of this world 好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 6．with pleasure 高兴地；非常愿意 7．lie in 存在，在于 8．make up for 弥补 9．be/become tied up with 和……有密切关系 10．cheer sb.up 使某人振作起来 11．let sth.loose 释放；放任 12．hit the spot 使人满意，正合需要 13．fall apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃 14．together with 和；连同 15．be linked with 与……联系起来 16．bring back 把……送回；恢复；使回忆起 17．be aware of 意识到…… 18．take off 突然大受欢迎；起飞；脱下 19．take one's time over sth. 　　 从容不迫地做某事 20．work one's way through 　　 自始至终做…… 项目二背诵出彩表达·有话“好好说” 一、单元重点句式内外兼修 1．find it＋adj.＋不定式(短语) 教材内佳句 I find it hard to keep up my energy right after lunch. 我发现午饭后很难保持精力充沛。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·全国乙卷书面表达)At the beginning, I found it difficult for me to grasp the technique and skills. 一开始，我发现自己很难掌握这一技能和(其中的)技巧。 ②(外研版选择性必修2佳句)Because I contribute to the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find it hard to save any money.　因为我要分担家庭账单，而且我的通勤费用很高，所以我发现攒钱非常困难。 2.so that引导目的状语从句 教材内佳句 They are uploaded by users, and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step. 它们由用户上传，并提供详细的说明，以便其他人可以一步一步地遵循它们。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Therefore, I suggest that we should be allowed to find our own practicing partners so that we can choose the one most suitable for us. 因此，我建议应该允许我们自己寻找练习伙伴，这样我们就可以选择一个最适合我们的搭档。 ②(人教版必修1佳句)I'll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. 我会找到一个让自己提高球技的方法，这样明年我就能加入球队了。 3.not only ...but (also) ...引起的倒装句 教材内佳句 Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want. 在家烹饪不仅更便宜，而且我能烹饪自己想吃的东西。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Not only will this enhance the program's effectiveness but also promote communication and cooperation among us students. 这不仅会提高活动的有效性，还能促进我们学生之间的交流与合作。 ②(外研版选择性必修1佳句)Not only can we interact with art, but also take part in its creation. 我们不仅可以与艺术作品互动，还可以参与到艺术作品的创作中。 4.主语＋be believed＋不定式(短语) 教材内佳句 They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. 人们认为，火锅始自清末，当时是长江上的船工在湿冷的冬季取暖的一种办法。 教材外佳句 (外研版选择性必修4佳句)For example, the mysterious large－eyed, bronze statues of the ancient Shu Kingdom, discovered at the Chinese archeological site at Sanxingdui, were believed to have been able to look across great distances into the stars. 例如在中国考古遗址三星堆发掘的古蜀国神秘的巨目铜像，古时的人们认为它能够看到遥远的星空。 二、单元主题佳句纵横拓展 热考主题：特色美食 1．Taking radish in winter and ginger in summer will keep doctor away. 冬吃萝卜夏吃姜，不用医生开药方。 2．I still don't think that anything can beat my mum's homemade sausages, though. 不过，我还是觉得什么也比不上我妈妈做的香肠。 3．Beijing Roast Duck is one of the most delicious dishes all over the world. 北京烤鸭是世界上最美味的佳肴之一。 4．Such delicious food has already let you unable to hide your greed.What are you waiting for? 这样美味的食物已经让你无法掩饰你的垂涎三尺了，你还在等什么？ 5．The Chinese food is very delicious and has many dishes, and they provide us with all kinds of nutrition. 中国菜非常美味，菜式多样，为我们提供各种营养。 6．It has become a favourite traditional dish of the people in North China, where making dumplings has always been a family affair with everyone — from the youngest to the oldest — joining in to help. 在中国北方，饺子已经成为人们最喜爱的传统菜肴。包饺子是一件全家都会参与的事，不管是年幼还是年长的，每个人都会帮忙。 三、续写高分素材学中悟道 系列背诵情感表达之“感激” As soon as my father appeared, I held him tight.“Thank you, Dad！” I said. I could see a big smile on his wrinkled face.Regardless of the bad weather, my father had gone to work every day to make money. I could not imagine how much effort he had made! I tried to convey my gratitude to him but words failed me. My father kissed me on the cheek, whispering that he had at last earned enough to buy the piano. It was an unbelievable surprise. Only then did I realize that no gift could measure up to a father's love. 高分悟道 本段中使用了“held him tight, how much effort he had made, tried to convey my gratitude, words failed me, measure up to”等动作和心理描写，充分表达了作者对父亲的感激之情。 高分有招 常见的表示“感激”的高分词块有： offer/express her heartfelt gratitude表达她由衷的感激 shed tears of gratitude 流下感激的泪水 have a deep gratitude towards对……深怀感激 in appreciation of 感激 一、默写重点单词 1．mood n．　　　　 情绪，心情；气氛，氛围 2．link vt. 联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n. 联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 3．native n. 出生于某国(或某地)的人；本地人 adj. 出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 4．digest vt.& vi. 消化；领会，理解 n. 摘要，文摘 5．lower vt. 降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下 adj. 下面的；在底部的；低洼的 6．cycle n. 循环；自行车，摩托车 vi. 骑自行车 7．enhance vt. 提高，增强 8．boil vt.& vi. 用沸水煮；(使)沸腾 9．scenery n. 风景，景色；舞台布景 10．bet n. 打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi.& vt. 下赌注，打赌；敢说 11．elderly adj. 年纪较大的，上了年纪的 12．expand vt.& vi. 增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)； 详谈，详述 13．plain adj. 朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n. 平原 14．appropriate adj. 合适的 15．estimate vt. 估计，估价 n. 估计；估计的成本 16．essential adj. 必不可少的；本质的，基本的 17．concept n. 概念，观念 18．stimulate vt. 促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 二、默写变形词汇 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 三、默写重点短语 1．do_the_trick　　　　　 奏效，起作用，达到目的 2．not_to_mention 更不用说 3．cry_out_for 迫切需要 4．throw_oneself_into 投身于，热衷于 5．out_of_this_world 好(或美等)得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫 6．with_pleasure 高兴地；非常愿意 7．lie_in 存在，在于 8．make_up_for 弥补 9．be/become_tied_up_with 和……有密切关系 10．cheer_sb.up 使某人振作起来 11．let_sth.loose 释放；放任 12．hit_the_spot 使人满意，正合需要 13．fall_apart 破碎，破裂；崩溃 14．together_with 和；连同 15．be_linked_with 与……联系起来 16．bring_back 把……送回；恢复；使回忆起 17．be_aware_of 意识到…… 18．take_off 突然大受欢迎；起飞；脱下 19．take_one's_time_over_sth. 　 从容不迫地做某事 20．work_one's_way_through 　 自始至终做…… 词汇1　combination n．结合体，联合体；联合，混合 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①He carried on the business in combination (combine) with his friends. ②Perseverance combined (combine) with energy is necessary to success in life. ③Only with combined (combine) efforts can we expect our hometown to take on a new look in due course. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)in combination with　　　 与……结合/联合 (2)combine vt.& vi. (使)联合，(使)结合 combine with 与……相结合 combine ... with/and ... 把……与……结合起来 combine to do sth. 联合起来做某事 (3)combined adj. 联合的；共同的 联想发散：combine ...with/and的同义短语有： associate ... with, connect ... with, relate ...to, join ...to/and, link ...with/and等。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(主旨升华句)Only if we are in_combination_with_the_reality can our ideals bear fruit. 只有与现实结合起来，我们的理想才能结出果实。 ⑤(主旨升华句)Only when we combine_theory__with_practice can the former be more reliable. 只有当我们把理论与实践结合起来时，前者才更可靠。 词汇2　association n．联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①I always associate the smell of those flowers with my childhood. ②The association (associate) was formed to represent the interests of women artists. ③The syndrome is associated with frequent coughing. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)in association with ...　与……联合/有关联 (2)associate v. 联想，联系；(使)关联 associate ...with ... 把……和……联系起来 (3)be associated with ... 与……有关 联想发散：be associated with＝be linked to/connect to/be related to等。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(一句多译)　 ④(应用文之建议信)我们都知道，很多健康问题与不健康的生活方式有关。 →As we all know, there are many health problems which are_associated_with_the_unhealthy_lifestyle.(associate) →As we all know, there are many health problems which connect_to_the_unhealthy_lifestyle.(connect) →As we all know, there are many health problems which are_linked_to_the_unhealthy_lifestyle.(link) →As we all know, there are many health problems which are_related_to_the_unhealthy_lifestyle.(relate) 词汇3　vary vi.(根据情况)变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①One of the advantages is that we can find various (variety) topics, such as science, culture and history. ②There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn't include English words. ③Customs vary with the times. And customs vary from country to country. That is to say, countries vary in customs. ④The variety of dishes is/was (be) astonishing. ⑤A variety of books have (have) been published. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)vary with ...　　　　 随着……而变化 vary in ... 在……方面不同/有差异 vary from ... to ... 由……到……变化/不等 (2)variety n. 多样；种类；多样化 a variety of＝varieties of＝various 各种各样的，各种不同的 the variety of ... ……的品种 (3)various adj. 各种各样的 名师指津：“a variety of＋复数名词”用作主语，谓语多用复数；“the variety of＋复数名词”用作主语，谓语要用单数。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑥(话题写作之活动介绍)In the exhibition, you can enjoy the pictures varying_from_students'_school_life_to fantastic views of our campus. 在展览中，你可以欣赏到从学生的学校生活到校园美景的各种图片。 ⑦(2023·浙江1月高考写作)The highlight of this activity was an exhibition of various_plant_samples,_varying_from_ordinary_plants_to_rare_species.In addition, there are various/a_variety_of/varieties_of methods of plant－growing on display. 活动最精彩的环节是参观各种植物样本的展览，从普通植物到珍稀物种都有。此外，各种种植方法也在展出之中。 词汇4　link vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来n.联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①A good student must link what he reads with/to what he sees around him. ②Most scientists accept that climate change is linked (link) to carbon emissions. ③A new road would be needed to link up with the main road. |系|统|归|纳|　 link ...to/with ...　将……与……连接/联系起来 link up (with ...) (与……)连接/结合 be linked to/with 和……连接；和……有联系 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④(话题写作之音乐)I like everything and anything linked_with/to_music,_ including the stories about music! 我喜欢一切和音乐有关的东西，包括关于音乐的故事！ ⑤(应用文之建议信)Firstly, keep a balanced diet.It's well－known that a healthy body is_closely_linked_to/with_a_balanced_diet.Secondly, you should also try to combine_exercise_with_a_healthy_diet.There is strong evidence of a_link_between_exercise_and_health.So, try to participate in various_physical_exercise as often as possible.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 首先，保持均衡饮食。众所周知，健康的身体与均衡的饮食密切相关。此外，你还应该试着把锻炼和健康饮食结合起来。有充分的证据证明锻炼与健康之间存在联系。所以，尽可能经常地参加各种身体锻炼。 词汇5　relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road. ②My assistant relieved me of all the paperwork. ③The passengers all sighed with/in relief when the plane finally landed safely. ④It_was_a_great_relief_to_know_that he went back home safe and sound. 得知他安然无恙地回家了，真是一件令人宽慰的事。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)relieve sb. of sth.　　　　 帮某人减轻…… (2)relief n. 减轻，解除；安慰 with/in relief 如释重负；松了口气 to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 It is a relief to do sth. 做某事感到宽慰 (3)relieved adj. 感到宽慰的；放心的 be relieved to do .../that ... 　　 深感欣慰…… 名师指津：relief表示抽象意义的“放松；减轻”时，为不可数名词；表示具体意义的“宽慰的事”时，为可数名词。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑤(续写之景物描写)Fragrant breeze gently stroked my head, which relieved_me_of_all_the_tiredness along the trip. 清香的微风轻抚着我的头，缓解了我旅途中所有的疲劳。 ⑥(续写之情绪描写)To_the_parents'_relief,_the children had been sent to the hospital safely and taken the medicine that relieved_them_of_the_pain.We all sighed with/in_relief when we heard the good news. 令父母感到宽慰的是，孩子们已被安全地送到了医院，并且吃下了缓解疼痛的药。当我们大家得知这个好消息时，都松了口气。 词汇6　impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①I didn't get much of an impression (impress) of the place because it was dark when we drove through it. ②Thanks to our wonderful and impressive (impress) performance, we finally won the first prize. ③Our teacher impressed us with the importance of industry and economy. ④My parents impressed_on/upon_me the importance of receiving a good education. 我父母使我认识到接受良好教育的重要性。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)impress sb. with sth. 某事给某人留下深刻印象 impress sth. on/upon sb./one's memory (mind) 使某人对某事有印象/铭记某事 be impressed with/by/at ... 对……印象深刻；被……所感动 (2)impression n. 印象；感想 leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象 (3)impressive adj. 　 令人印象深刻的；令人赞叹的 名师指津：impress不能用于impress sb. sth.结构，其间接宾语由介词on/upon引出；impress也不用于进行时。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(句式升级/补全语段)　 ⑤(续写之情景描写)I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time. →Impressed_by_the_beautiful_scenery,_I forgot to go back home in time.(分词短语作状语) ⑥(续写之景物描写)Yulong Snow Mountain impresses_visitors_with its beauty forever, attracting millions of visitors from home and abroad each year.When I finally ascended Yulong Snow Mountain, its_impressive_scenery_also_left_a_deep_impression_on/upon_me. 玉龙雪山的美丽给游客们留下了难以磨灭的印象，每年吸引着数以百万计的国内外游客。当我最终登上玉龙雪山时，它那令人赞叹的风光同样给我留下了深刻的印象。 词汇7　estimate vt.估计，估价 n．估计；估计的成本 |题|点|盘|查|　 　(单句语法填空/同义替换/完成句子) ①It is estimated that the project will last four years. ②I guess that total cost for treatment will go from $9,000 to $12,500.estimate ③The deal is_estimated_to_be_worth around $1.5 million. 这笔交易估计价值150万美元左右。 |系|统|归|纳|　 be estimated to be　　　　估计为…… It is estimated that ... 据估计…… |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)Having rich imagination, Li Bai created a large number of wonderful poems throughout his life, which_are_estimated_to_be_over_one_thousand. 李白具有丰富的想象力，一生创作了大量精彩的诗歌，据估计有一千多首。 ⑤(话题写作之活动介绍)It_is_estimated_that about 100,000 students around the country will participate in the program's competition series. 据估计，全国各地大约将有10万名学生参加该项目的系列比赛。 词汇8　emphasis n．强调，重视；重读 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①As far as I am concerned, I can't lay emphasis on the rewarding and interesting fruit－picking activity too much. ②It should be_emphasized (emphasize) that this is only one possible explanation. ③The report stressed the importance that students should take up exercise regularly.emphasized |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)put/lay/place emphasis on sth. 强调/重视某事 (2)emphasize vt.　　　　　 强调，重视，着重 emphasize the importance of ... 强调……的重要性 It should be emphasized that ... 应该强调的是…… |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)He emphasized_the_importance_of_education and proposed the establishment of a national school system. 他强调教育的重要性并提议建立一个全国性的教育体系。 ⑤(总结收尾句)It_should_be_emphasized_that the journey to success is not smooth.It is full of challenges and difficulties, which we should be brave to face. 应该强调的是，通往成功的道路并不平坦。它充满挑战与困难，我们应该勇敢面对。 词汇9　let sth.loose释放；放任 |题|点|盘|查|————————————————(介、副词填空)　 ①Hearing the good news, the boy let out a cry of joy. ②I just wanted to communicate with some friends and to let loose some personal frustration. ③The stories of the film are excellent, but its ending lets me down. |系|统|归|纳|　 let out　　　　　　释放；放走；发出(叫喊声等)； 泄露(消息、秘密等)；透露 let alone 更不用说；更谈不上 let ... down 把……放下来；使……失望 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(应用文之建议信)No matter how busy you are, it's necessary to find_some_time_to_let_loose and have fun. 无论你多忙，都有必要找时间放松放松，娱乐一下。 ⑤(续写之动作描写)“It's awesome！” he let_out_a_cry_with_excitement when his favourite player kicked a goal. “太棒了！”当他最喜欢的球员踢进一球时，他激动地大叫一声。 句式1　so that引导目的状语从句 |要|点|解|读|　 (1)so that 可引导目的状语从句，意为“以便；为的是”，从句中通常用may (might)或can (could)。 (2)in order that也可引导目的状语从句，so that一般不用于句首，而in order that可用于句首。 (3)当so that/in order that引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或in order to/so as to句型。 (4)so that 也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”。 |习|练|规|则|————————————————————(变换句式)　 ①Please speak slowly and let me set down your cellphone number and address. →Please speak slowly so_that_I_can_set_down your cellphone number and address. ②To catch the first bus, she got up very early. →In_order_that_she_could_catch_the_first_bus,_she got up very early. |应|用|写|美|　 ③(应用文之建议信)请制订一个锻炼计划并坚持下去，这样你很快就能恢复健康。 Please make a workout schedule and stick to it so_that/in_order_that_you_can_recover_health_soon. ④(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)我建议学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法，以便能找到最适合自己的方法。 I suggest that students should try multiple ways when learning English so_that_they_can_find_the_way which suits them most. 句式2　not only ...but also ... |要|点|解|读|　 (1)not only ...but also ...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。 (2)not only ...but also ...连接两个句子，且not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装。 (3)not only ...but also ...连接的两个并列成分作主语时，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。 |习|练|规|则|————————————————————(变换句式)　 ①The students and their teacher like playing football. →Not_only_the_students_but_also_their_teacher_likes playing football.(用not only ...but also升级) ②We not only forgot to turn off the lights in the kitchen, but we (also) failed to lock the front door. →Not only did_we_forget_to_turn_off_the_lights_in_the_kitchen,_but we (also) failed to lock the front door. |应|用|写|美|　 ③(话题写作之活动介绍)首先，这个展览的主题是环境保护，这不仅有趣，而且很有意义。 To begin with, the theme of the show is environmental protection, which_is_not_only_interesting_but_also_meaningful. ④(应用文之建议信)锻炼不仅能强健我们的身体，而且还有助于我们集中精力学习。 Not_only_does_taking_exercise_build_up_our_bodies but it also helps us concentrate on our study.(倒装) 句式3　主语＋be believed＋动词不定式(短语) |要|点|解|读|　 (1)该句型意为“……被认为……”，be believed后接的动词不定式(短语)根据需要有时态和语态的变化： ①to do(表示一般情况或动作将要发生) ②to be doing(表示动作正在进行) ③to have done(表示动作已经完成) ④to be done(表示被动且动作将要发生) ⑤to have been done(表示被动且动作已经完成) (2)该句型可与“It's believed that ...”互换。 (3)可用于该句型的过去分词还有：said, thought, considered, hoped, reported等。 |习|练|规|则|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Chinese is believed to_be_used (use) even more widely in the future world. ②Loulan is_believed (believe) to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms hundreds of years ago. ③It's_said_that the short English film is mainly related to the development of our school. 据说这部英文短片主要与我们学校的发展有关。 |应|用|写|美|　 ④(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)据说，1405年到1433年期间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。 It's_said_that between 1405 and 1433, on behalf of the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made a total of seven voyages. ⑤人们普遍认为，互联网已经在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。 →The Internet is_widely_believed_to have played an increasingly important role in our day－to－day life. →It_is_widely_believed_that the Internet has played an increasingly important role in our day－to－day life. 素养目标——精读真题语篇，阅读多维提能 |对接主题——饮食文化| (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解D篇)Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground－breaking, five－year study shows that diet－related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter－gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. [真题再做] 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联。 1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on? A．Its variety.　　 B．Its distribution. C．Its quantity. D．Its development. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“A ground－breaking ...the world's languages.”可知，有研究表明，人类(上下齿间的)咬合变化与饮食相关，导致了新的语音出现。根据第二段中的“Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi ...why this trend arose.”可以推知，Damián Blasi的研究集中在人类语音的发展上。 2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B．They could not open and close their lips easily. C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，远古成年人的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，而唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙而发出的，因此他们难以发出唇齿音。由此可知，远古成年人很难发出唇齿音是因为他们的颌骨构造不方便发出这种音。 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Supporting evidence for the research results. B．Potential application of the research findings. C．A further explanation of the research methods. D．A reasonable doubt about the research process. 解析：选A　段落大意题。上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代农业发展水平有关。根据第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实了新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音发生了全球性的变化。因此第五段是进一步证实上文提到的研究结果——这种咬合的变化与新石器时代农业的发展水平有关。 4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A．It is key to effective communication. B．It contributes much to cultural diversity. C．It is a complex and dynamic system. D．It drives the evolution of human beings. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”可知，Steven Moran说人类的语音是一个复杂的动态系统。 [多维提能] 一、题型思维建模 细节推断题解题攻略(以第4题为例) 1．警惕易错易误——理解偏差 本题易误选D。部分考生根据最后一段“‘The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable ...cultural evolution，’ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.”中的evolution，加上对文章主旨的理解偏差，误认为Steven Moran 想说的是人类的语音推动着人类的进化，从而误选D项。 2．内化题型技法——依据题干关键信息查找答案 解答细节推断题时，要根据题干关键信息查找对应信息点，结合文章主旨对信息点的字面意思进行加工整理，进而推断出其隐含信息。 以本题为例，根据最后一段中的“...but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution”并结合选项可知，complex是原词复现，dynamic是文中 “biological change and cultural evolution”的概括性表述，由此可推断出，Steven Moran 说人类的语音是一个复杂的动态系统。 二、词汇拓展训练 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(熟词生义)More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”， were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. v.指出 ②(一词多义)Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. v.出现 ③(一词多义)Food became easier to chew at this point. n.阶段 ④(一词多义)This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. adj.(事物)存在的 ⑤(熟词生义)It drives the evolution of human beings. v.推动 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①lead to　　　　　　　　　 导致；造成 ②be connected with 和……有关系 ③overturn the popular view 推翻流行的观点 ④remain stable 保持稳定 ⑤but rather 更确切地说；而是 三、长难句式破译 They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. 抓标志：连接词that；关系代词which 判类型：主句＋宾语从句(其中分词短语作状语；含有一个定语从句) 试翻译：他们发现，古代成年人的上下门牙排列整齐，很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙形成的。 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Take your time and eat slowly.It will help you digest (消化) the food you take in better. 2．He had nothing to do but boil (煮沸) some water and make the tea. 3．Williams was impressed (给……留下深刻印象) with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. 4．You don't need any special skills for this job, just plain (简单的) common sense. 5．It is estimated (估计) that the boy can't find an appropriate way to get out of the trap. 6．It is obvious that it can enhance (提高) people's consciousness of health. 7．As you know, the skin is an essential (必不可少的) part of your body which acts as a barrier against disease. 8．The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour (特色)． 9．Many people have no concept (概念) of the amount of food that they should eat. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Walking, jogging and swimming can also help lower (low) blood pressure and reduce stress. 2．You may depend on it that our survival is linked with/to the survival of the rainforest. 3．Despite the difficulties, he throws himself (he)into the research. 4．Communicating with friends face to face is a way to relieve (relief) pressure from work and life. 5．In general, we Chinese place great emphasis on the importance of family life and ties. 6．These pills should do the trick.You'll feel much better in no time. 7．I would appreciate it if you could recommend us some novels which are appropriate for/to us. 8．Helping the elderly (old) do the housework was what some students were engaged in. 9．My English teacher made a good impression (impress) on me by her rich knowledge and humorous talk. 10．Yuan Longping's innovation (innovate) has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well. Ⅲ.选词填空 do the trick, out of this world, cry out for, not to mention, lie in, take one's time over, mix with, make up for, threw oneself into 1．When people speak English mixed_with their own dialects, can you tell them apart? 2．A person's value lies_in how much he contributes but not in how much he obtains. 3．People in the flood－stricken areas are crying_out_for food and clean water. 4．There is still one hour left. Let's take_our_time_over breakfast. 5．You have cheated us so many times, so just saying “Trust me” won't do_the_trick. 6．As a result, people will eat more food to try to make_up_for that something missing. 7．That party last night was really out_of_this_world! We had never had a greater time before. 8．As soon as he returned to China, he and his colleagues threw_themselves_into the research of the disease. 9．Old folk and children alike are all against the proposal, not_to_mention the youth. Ⅳ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)You will find_it_very_interesting_to_cook_at_home according to a recipe. 你会发现根据菜谱在家做饭非常有趣。 2．(完成句子)What_impressed_me_most when I visited Beijing was the Great Wall. 去北京游玩时，给我留下印象最深的是长城。 3．(完成句子)It_is_estimated_that the meeting will last four days. 预计这次会议要持续四天。 4．(一句多译)无论捡到什么，你必须物归原主。 ①No_matter_what_you_pick_up,_you must give it back to whoever it belongs to. ②Whatever_you_pick_up,_you must give it back to whoever it belongs to. 5．(一句多译)人们认为茶有益健康，尤其是绿茶和红茶。 ①Tea is_believed_to_be_good_for_health,_green tea and black tea in particular. ②It's_believed_that_tea_is_good_for_health,_green tea and black tea in particular. Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2024·三晋名校联盟)Diet containing lots of salt can contribute to increased levels of stress, a new study shows.Scientists found in studies of mice that a high－salt diet increased the levels of a stress hormone by 75 per cent.Experts hope the findings will encourage a review of public health policy around salt consumption, aiming at manufacturers reducing the amount of salt in processed food. The recommended salt intake for adults is less than six grams a day but most people regularly eat about nine grams.This can contribute to higher blood pressure, which increases the risks of heart attacks, strokes and dementia. While effects on the heart and circulatory (循环) system have been ascertained,_little was known about the impact of a high－salt diet on a person's behaviour.To study this, experts from the University of Edinburgh used mice, who ordinarily have a low－salt diet, and gave them high－salt food to reflect the typical intake of humans. They found that not only did resting stress hormone levels increase, but the mice's hormone response to environmental stress was double that of mice that had a normal diet.Salt intake increased the activity of genes that produce the proteins in the brain which control how the body responds to stress. Experts say further studies are already underway to understand if a high－salt intake leads to other behavioural changes such as anxiety and aggression.Matthew Bailey, professor of Renal Physiology at the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Cardiovascular Science, said，“We are what we eat and understanding how high－salt food changes our mental health is an important step to improving wellbeing.We know that eating too much salt damages our heart, blood vessels (血管) and kidneys.This study now tells us that high salt in our food also changes the way our brain handles stress.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，含盐过高的饮食会增加人的压力。 1．What are the findings expected to bring about eventually? A．Manufacturers adding less salt to processed food. B．People debating the policy on public health. C．Decreased levels of stress hormones. D．Reduced amount of processed food. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Experts hope the findings will ...aiming at manufacturers reducing the amount of salt in processed food.”可知，该研究的最终目的是想让食品加工制造商减少食品里面盐的含量。 2．What does the underlined word “ascertained” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Ignored.　　　　　 B．Restored. C．Reduced. D．Confirmed. 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据本句语境可知，while前后是对比关系，little was known说明前面部分是已经得到了证实的。故画线词意为“证实”。 3．Which of the following may be a subject of further research? A．What policy on salt should be. B．How a high－salt intake affects blood pressure. C．How much salt intake is appropriate. D．Whether a high－salt intake causes anxiety. 解析：选D　细节理解题。 根据最后一段第一句可知，高盐摄入是否会引起焦虑将是未来研究的课题之一。 4．What may be a suitable title for the text? A．Most people regularly take in too much salt B．Mental health is important to improving well－being C．Diet containing much salt increases levels of stress D．Less than six grams of salt a day is recommended 解析：选C　标题归纳题。通读首段以及全文内容可知，一项研究表明，含盐过高的饮食会增加压力水平。故C项适合作文章标题。 B (2024·山东省实验高中模拟)We all know eating ultra－processed foods that make our lives easier — such as sauces, and frozen pizza — isn't good for our health.Studies have found they can raise our risk of obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer.They may even shorten our lives.Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra－processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline, including the brain executive functioning — the ability to process information and make decisions. “While in need of further study, the new results are quite compelling and emphasize the critical role for proper nutrition in preserving and promoting brain health and reducing risk for brain diseases，” said Tanzi, professor at Harvard Medical School.He was not involved in the study but he said in his book, “They are very high in sugar, salt and fat, promoting systemic inflammation, perhaps the most major threat to healthy aging.Meanwhile, since they are convenient and quick, they also replace fiber foods important for maintaining the health and balance of bacteria in your gut microbiome，” he added, “which is particularly important for brain health and reducing risk of age－related brain diseases like Alzheimer's disease.” The study, presented at the 2022 Alzheimer's Association International Conference, followed over 10,000 Brazilians for 10 years.“In Brazil, ultra－processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake. It is not very different from many other Western countries，” said co－author Dr Suemoto.Ultra－processed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings and other chemical additives，” according to the study. “People consuming over 20% of daily calories from processed foods had a 28% faster decline in global cognition and a 25% faster decline in executive functioning compared to people who ate less than 20%，” said study co－author Natalia.Those in the study who ate the most ultra－processed foods were “more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked，” the study found. “People need to know they should cook more，” Suemoto said.“And it's worth it because you're going to protect your heart and guard your brain，” she added. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，吃更多的超加工食品可能会导致整体认知能力下降。 5．What does the underlined word “compelling” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Convincing. B．Surprising. C．Suspicious. D．Invaluable. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。画线词所在句子含有while引导的让步状语从句，说明虽然还需要进一步的研究，但新的研究结果相当令人信服。故画线词意为“令人信服的”。 6．What do we know from the passage? A．Whoever never cooks is sure to develop Alzheimer. B．Ultra－processed foods only affect your executive function. C．Tanzi is the first to find the problem with ultra－processed foods. D．Brazilians' calorie intake is not different from most westerners. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In Brazil, ultra－processed foods make up 25% to 30% of total calorie intake.It is not very different from many other Western countries”可知，巴西人的卡路里摄入量与大多数西方人没有什么不同。 7．Who is likely to eat more ultra－processed foods? A．An old beggar.　 B．A heavy smoker. C．A young professor. D．A low－income man. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“more likely to be younger, women, White, had higher education and incomes, and were more likely to have never smoked”可知，一位年轻的教授可能会吃更多的超加工食品。 8．What's the main idea of this passage? A．Ultra－processed foods can harm your health. B．Fiber foods can reduce the risk of Alzheimer. C．Fiber foods may maintain the balance of bacteria. D．Ultra－processed foods will lead to cognitive decline. 解析：选D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Now, a new study has revealed eating more ultra－processed foods may contribute to overall cognitive decline”可知，本文主要介绍了超加工食品会导致认知能力下降。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2024·广东六校联考)Although I enjoyed my new life and the time it freed up, there always seemed to be something missing. I thought it was a result of going from a high－activity career to a life of __1__. The retirement honeymoon lasted for one whole enjoyable year. Golf took up most of my summer, curling (冰壶运动) in the winter, and hiking __2__ the times between. At the end of that first year, I was asked by a friend to help out at a local food bank that __3__ a winter soup kitchen. Initially, my responsibility was not too __4__. It started out to be only one day a week and took just two hours of my time. The task involved going to the local food bank, __5__ my car with pre－selected food items, and driving them to the kitchen __6__ the weekend. Within a few weeks, I was also helping to sort out the food I was bringing to the charity organization. This soon __7__ into preparing the cookers and dishes for the weekend event. My duties were __8__ from one week to the next, which kept things interesting. Sometimes, I would help serve meals; other days, I would fill in for sandwich makers who hadn't turned up for their __9__. People who came for the free meals were diverse. Some were homeless, and others were individuals who had fallen on hard times. The common thing uniting all the guests was their __10__ toward the volunteers. Most diners would thank the people from whom they had received help. That was a wonderful reward for our efforts. Another wonderful thing was that the food was given __11__. There was never any expectation to gain public __12__ for their donations; they just did it. Gradually, my volunteering __13__ have now grown to include two days at the food bank plus the weekend. Although it cost much more time than I first began this volunteering task, I found my volunteering time __14__. I can safely say that I get much more __15__ out of this type of activity than I ever managed to get from any round of golf or game of curling. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在退休第一年，“我”很享受生活中的闲暇时光。在退休第一年结束后，“我”被朋友邀请去食品库做志愿者。虽然在志愿活动上花费了很多时间，但“我”也从中得到了更多的满足感。 1．A.depression　　　 B．leisure C．boredom D．enjoyment 解析：选B　根据下文中的“The retirement honeymoon lasted for one whole enjoyable year.”可知，“我”退休了，那时享受着空闲的生活。 2．A.shared B．cost C．connected D．filled 解析：选D　根据语境和常识可知，高尔夫球运动占据了“我”夏天的大部分时间，冰壶运动占据了冬天的时间，其余的时间则用徒步旅行来填补。空处与上文的“took up”应为同义词，fill“填满，填补”符合题意。 3．A.spread B．charged C．ran D．expected 解析：选C　根据上文内容可知，在退休第一年结束后，“我”被一个朋友邀请去当地一家经营一个冬季施粥所的食品库帮忙。 4．A.energy－efficient B．time－consuming C．heart－warming D．labor－saving 解析：选B　根据下文中的“It started out ...hours of my time.”可知，这刚开始一周只花费“我”两个小时的时间。此处表示这是不耗时的。 5．A.finding B．charging C．loading D．fixing 解析：选C　根据空后的“driving them to the kitchen”可知，“我”要开车把食物送到厨房，所以需要先把食物装到车上。load sth.with sth. “把……装入(武器、照相机或其他设备)”。 6．A.in preparation for B．in exchange for C．in expectation of D．in case of 解析：选A　根据下文中的“preparing the cookers and dishes for the weekend event”可知，他们要为周末的活动作准备。in preparation for 为固定搭配，意为“为……作准备”。 7．A.followed B．improved C．expanded D．continued 解析：选C　根据上文中的“The task involved ...charity organization.”可知，从最开始的把食物送到食品库，到帮助整理食物，再到该句提到的准备炊具和菜肴，“我”的任务范围在不断地扩大。 8．A.consistent B．creative C．normal D．different 解析：选D　根据下文中的“Sometimes, I would ...sandwich makers”可知，“我”有时候帮忙上菜，有时候临时顶替做三明治的人，所以工作任务是不同的。 9．A.shifts B．schedules C．periods D．businesses 解析：选A　根据语境和常识可知，此处是指“我”会临时顶替那些没来轮班做三明治的人。 10．A.generosity B．gratitude C．guilt D．greeting 解析：选B　根据下文中的“Most diners would thank ...had received help.”可知，大多数来用餐的人会对给予他们帮助的人表示感谢，此处是指客人的共同点是他们都会感激志愿者。 11．A.randomly B．particularly C．selflessly D．regularly 解析：选C　根据“There was never any expectation to gain ...for their donations”可知，此处是指食物是被无私地给予的。 12．A.promotion B．awareness C．interest D．recognition 解析：选D　根据语境可知，他们捐赠食物并不是期待得到公众的认可，他们仅仅是做这件事。 13．A.duties B．interests C．challenges D．concerns 解析：选A　根据上文中的“Initially”与此句的“Gradually”可知，这是在描述“我”做志愿者的过程，所以空处应与上文中的“responsibility”为同义词，讲述“我”在做志愿者的过程中职责的变化。 14．A.necessary B．worthwhile C．practical D．meaningless 解析：选B　根据上文中的“Although it cost ...volunteering task”和空后内容可知，“我”从志愿活动中收获了很多，所以就算是花更多的时间也是值得的。 15．A.popularity B．admiration C．confidence D．satisfaction 解析：选D　根据语境可知，“我”将高尔夫球运动和冰壶运动与做志愿活动作比较，旨在说明“我”从志愿活动中能得到更多的满足感。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2024·南京联考)As archaeologists explored ancient tombs in Turpan in western China, they discovered some surprisingly well－preserved and hardened dumplings. Exactly __1__ invented dumplings remains a mystery. But some scholars suspect they were first spread around the ancient world by peoples living in western China and Central Asia more than 1,700 years ago. Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years. Instead of the __2__ (tradition) meat filling, some communities preferred vegetable dumplings. And because wheat was __3__ (hard) to grow outside of northern China than in northern China, those in other regions began making dumplings using rice and sweet potato. The relationship __4__ Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is hard to trace, but food historians __5__ (make) their best guesses based on available clues. Turkic tribes spread and __6__ (eventual) established the Ottoman Empire around 1300 CE, bringing wrapped food west with them. Some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also helped dumplings go farther, perhaps __7__ (introduce) them to parts of Eastern Europe. These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire. Later, after Chinese dumpling __8__ (variety) were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings. The term is thought __9__ (use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid. During the Second World War, Chinese “jiaozi” was brought to Japan, __10__ it became known as “gyoza” and was more typically pan－fried. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章追溯了饺子的发展史。 1．who　考查主语从句。根据句意可知，此处指的是到底是谁发明了饺子仍然是个谜，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。 2．traditional　考查形容词。根据空处所在的位置可知，空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰meat filling。由此可知，空处应填形容词traditional。 3．harder　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的“than”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填harder。 4．between　考查介词。根据语境可知，该空应填between，表示“中国饺子和其他地区的饺子之间的关系很难追溯”。the relationship between ...and ...为固定搭配。 5．have made　考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，做出猜测发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时，故填 have made。 6．eventually　考查副词。句中established为动词，应用副词来修饰，故填eventually。 7．introducing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作非谓语，且introduce与主语the Mongol Empire之间构成了逻辑上的主谓关系，故填introducing。 8．varieties　考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语；根据空后的“were”可知，该空应用所给词的复数形式，故填varieties。 9．to have been used　考查不定式。“主语＋is＋及物动词的过去分词＋动词不定式”是一个固定句型，相当于It is＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句；由于The term与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且use 这一动作已经完成，故填to have been used。 10．where　考查定语从句关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Japan，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 (2024·沈阳质检)你校将以“节约粮食，减少浪费”为主题举办英语征文比赛，请你写一篇短文投稿。内容包括： 1．浪费粮食的现象； 2．节约粮食的做法； 3．节约粮食的倡议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Say NO to Food Waste ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Say NO to Food Waste Food plays an important role in our daily life.However, we are sorry to see that food is being wasted at an alarming rate while millions of people are still going hungry every day. Fortunately, there are many things we can do to save food.One of the simplest ways to avoid food waste is to buy proper amount of food.Besides, we are supposed to think twice before throwing food away, urging ourselves to carry out the Empty Plate Campaign.Lastly，storing food correctly also contributes to less food loss. As high school students, it's our responsibility to say NO to food waste, which will benefit the world, now and in the future. 118 / 118 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$