必修3 UNIT 4(Word教师用书)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

项目一 背诵单元词汇·充盈“语料库” 一、词块记忆“阅读词汇” 1．newly independent republics 新独立的共和国 2．one of the deadliest diseases 最致命的疾病之一 3．most provinces of that country 该国的大部分省份 4．acquire a broad knowledge 获得广泛的知识 5．extract essential oils from plants 从植物中提取香精油 6．collect raw data 收集原始数据 7．make an error 出差错 8．give an example to illustrate this point 举例说明这一点 9．a highly intelligent man 很有才智的人 10．a metal box 金属盒子 11．a famous politician 一位著名的政治家 12．bang the door 砰地关上门 13．work on the atomic structure 研究原子的结构 14．stop all the evil in the world 阻止世界上所有的罪恶 15．a moral dilemma 道德困境 16．the intellectual development 智力发展 17．many of nature's mysteries 自然界的许多奥秘 18．a deep and strong struggle against authority 对抗权威展开的深刻而强硬的斗争 二、词块记忆“核心词汇” 1．the struggle for survival　　 为生存而斗争 2．use household water containers 用家用的盛水容器 3．postpone the trials on patients 推迟在病人身上进行试验 4．have sufficient safety data 有充足的安全性数据 5．conduct scientific research 开展科学研究 6．Tall trees surround the lake. 环湖都是大树。 7．the theory and practice of language teaching 语言教学理论与实践 8．negate the results of elections 否定选举结果 9．freedom of speech 言论自由 10．be published in all the daily papers 发表在所有日报上 三、写准用对“变形词汇” 1．intend vt.& vi.想要，计划；意指→intention n．目的；意图；打算 2．limit n．& vt.限制→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．限制；局限；极限 3．contain v．包含；含有；容纳；控制，克制→container n．容器；集装箱，货柜 4．wise adj.聪明的，有智慧的，明智的→wisdom n．智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智→wisely adv.聪明地，明智地 5．benefit n．益处 vt.对……有益处 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 6．indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n．迹象；表明；显示；暗示 7．accident n．意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj.意外的，偶然的 8．electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的→electrical adj.与电有关的；用电的；发电的→electricity n．电，电能 9．involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加→involved adj.有关的；卷入的→involvement n．参与；牵连；包含 10．science n．科学→scientist n．科学家→scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 11．apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关→application n．申请→applicant n．申请者 12．ignore v．忽视，不理→ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的→ignorance n．无知 13．permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证→permission n．许可；允许 14．responsible adj.有责任心的→responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务 15．declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→declaration n．声明，宣告 16．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国有的→nationality n．国籍；民族 17．evolve v．进化→evolution n．进化；演变，发展 18．marry v．结婚→marriage n．结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 四、因境而异的“熟词生义或词性活用” 1．experiment n．实验，试验；尝试，实践→vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 2．trial n．试用，试验→n.审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验 3．favour n．帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 4．theory n．学说，论；原理→n.看法，意见 5．charge n．收费；控告；谴责；掌管→vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 6．standout adj.突出的→n.突出的人(或物) 7．bomb n．炸弹；核武器→vt.轰炸 8．credit n．赞扬，认可；信用→vt.存入金额；把……归于 9．apply vt.& vi.应用；申请→v.涂；有关 五、记牢用活“重点短语” 1．refer to　　　　　　　　 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2．speed up (使)加速 3．pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 4．through trial and error 反复试验 5．by accident 偶然，意外地 6．with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 7．let sb. down 使某人失望 8．as to 关于，至于 9．take it for granted 想当然地认为， 认为……是理所当然 10．put forward 提出，提议，建议 11．thanks to 由于；幸亏 12．far from the truth 根本不是事实 13．work out 计算出；理解 14．draw on 利用，动用 15．work on 致力于，研究 16．(be) involved in 被卷入，与……有关系 17．put another way 换句话说 18．to the credit of 归功于…… 项目二 背诵出彩表达·有话“好好说” 一、单元重点句式内外兼修 1．in order to ...作目的状语 教材内佳句 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water, Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part. 据一本1 600多年前的古籍记载，古人通过冷水制备青蒿提取物，受此启发，屠呦呦重新设计了实验，为了不破坏其(抗疟的)有效成分，她尝试在低温下提取青蒿。 教材外佳句 (2023·全国乙卷书面表达)In order to enrich my holiday life, I learned how to play the electronic organ this summer, which was of great benefit to me. 为了丰富我的假期生活，今年暑假我学会了如何演奏电子琴，这让我获益良多。 2.it was not until ...that强调句型 教材内佳句 However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu, after many failed experiments. 然而，在经过无数次失败试验之后，直到20世纪70年代屠呦呦才成功发现了青蒿素。 教材外佳句 ①It was not until the area was seriously polluted that they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution. 直到这个地方被严重污染了，他们才认识到该采取行动阻止污染了。 ②(人教版选择性必修2佳句)It was not until 9：30 a．m. that they finally reached the capital of Ontario, Toronto. 直到上午九点半， 她们终于抵达安大略的省会多伦多。 3.than引导比较状语从句 教材内佳句 Thanks to the scientific effort, we have been led to imagine all sorts of things more fantastic than poets and dreamers of the past ever could. 有赖于在科学上付出的努力，我们在其引领下构想出形形色色的东西，远比过去任何一位诗人和梦想家的想象更加美妙。 教材外佳句 ①(人教版必修1佳句)I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. 我感觉现在比早上有信心多了。 ②(外研版必修3佳句)The painting is a lot smaller than you would expect, and is protected by glass.　这幅画比你们想象的要小得多，而且被玻璃罩着。 4.take it for granted that ...“认为……是理所当然的” 教材内佳句 Now, we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 教材外佳句 Don't take for granted what others do for you.You should be grateful. 不要把别人为你做的事情当作理所当然，你应该心怀感激。 5.not ...but ...“不是……而是……” 教材内佳句 It is our responsibility ... to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed ... 我们有责任……教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨…… 教材外佳句 (人教版选择性必修3佳句)In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. 事实上，改变(不良习惯)的最佳方法不是一蹴而就，而是需要一段时间。 二、单元主题佳句纵横拓展 热考主题：杰出人物 1．Yuan Longping, known as the “father of hybrid rice”， is one of China's most famous scientists. 被誉为“杂交水稻之父”的袁隆平是中国最著名的科学家之一。 2．He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his scientific achievements. 他因其科学成就而被授予诺贝尔化学奖。 3．Born in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in December 1930, Tu Youyou showed a strong interest in medicine while she was young. 屠呦呦1930年12月出生于浙江省宁波市，年轻时就对医学展示出了浓厚的兴趣。 4．The first time I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion to the research. 我第一次听说斯蒂芬·霍金时，就被他对研究的奉献精神所感动。 5．Not only did she make great contributions to science but she was considered as the greatest woman scientist throughout the world. 她不仅为科学做出了巨大的贡献，而且被认为是世界上最伟大的女科学家。 6．Many of us regard him as our model, whose deeds encourage us to follow our passion and strive for our dreams. 我们很多人把他视为榜样，他的事迹激励着我们追随自己的激情，为自己的梦想而奋斗。 三、续写高分素材学中悟道 系列背诵情感表达之“高兴” Lucy nodded cheerfully. Madison put her arm around Lucy's shoulders, both smiling. With applause and laughter echoing through the house, Lucy joined the other girls to enjoy the party. 高分悟道 本段中使用了“cheerfully, smiling, laughter, enjoy”等词，通过描写人物的各种笑容，表达了高兴的情绪。 高分有招 常见的表示“高兴”的高分词块有： in a good mood　　　　　心情很好 in high/cheerful spirits 兴高采烈 roar with laughter 放声大笑 to one's delight/joy 令某人开心的是 be all smiles 喜笑颜开 beam with pleasure 喜不自胜 be seized by joy 欢欣鼓舞 一、默写重点单词 1．intend vt.& vi.　　　 想要，计划；意指 2．experiment n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做实验，进行实验；尝试 3．sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的 4．trial n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判 vi.& vt. 测试，试验 5．household adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭 6．postpone vt. 延迟，延期 7．conduct vt. &vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 8．surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围； 与……紧密相关 9．favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 10．charge vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责； 使……承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管 11．credit n. 赞扬，认可；信用 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 二、默写变形词汇 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 三、默写重点短语 1．refer_to　　　　　　　　 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 2．speed_up (使)加速 3．pay_off 成功，奏效，达到目的 4．through_trial_and_error 反复试验 5．by_accident 偶然，意外地 6．with_a_bang 很成功；引人注目， 有强烈影响 7．let_sb._down 使某人失望 8．as_to 关于，至于 9．take_it_for_granted 想当然地认为， 认为……是理所当然 10．put_forward 提出，提议，建议 11．thanks_to 由于；幸亏 12．far_from_the_truth 根本不是事实 13．work_out 计算出；理解 14．draw_on 利用，动用 15．work_on 致力于，研究 16．(be)_involved_in 被卷入，与……有关系 17．put_another_way 换句话说 18．to_the_credit_of 归功于…… 词汇1　intend vt.&vi.想要，计划；意指 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①They intended a large sum of money for the development of the tourist industry. ②Last weekend, our class took part in a picking activity, which is_intended (intend) for experiencing the joy of doing farm work in person. ③The activity is intended to_expose (expose) students to a wide range of English reading materials. ④I had no intention of becoming an artist when I was young. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)intend doing/to do sth.　 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth. 本打算做某事 (2)be intended for ... 专为……而设计； 专供……使用的 be intended to be/do ... 为……打算(或设计)的 (3)intention n. 意图，目的，打算 with an/the intention of ...　 打算…… 名师指津：had intended to do sth.表示“本来打算做某事但实际上没做”，此时也可使用不定式的完成式intended to have done sth.。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(话题写作之活动介绍)The campaign is_intended_to_educate the public to protect the environment. 这项活动旨在教育公众保护环境。 ⑥(应用文之邀请信)Here comes a piece of good news.Chinese Summer Camp, which is_intended_for_international_students,_is going to be held in our school this summer vacation. 这里有一个好消息。专门面对国际学生的中国夏令营今年暑假将在我们学校举办。 ⑦(2023·浙江1月高考写作)Last weekend, I took part in an event with_an_intention_of learning more about daily biology. 上周末，我参加了一个活动，目的是学习更多关于日常生物学的知识。 词汇2　postpone vt.延迟，延期 |题|点|盘|查|　 　(单句语法填空/同义替换/完成句子) ①They have to postpone holding (hold) their wedding because of the bride's work. ②It rained and therefore the football match was put off.postponed ③The military training was_postponed_to/until_the_next_Sunday because of the bad weather. 因为天气不好，军训被推迟到了下个周日。 |系|统|归|纳|　 postpone sth.(to/until ...)　 推迟某事(到……) postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(续写之动作描写)He glanced out at the heavy rain and reluctantly agreed to postpone_the_match. 他看了眼外面的大雨，勉强同意推迟比赛。 ⑤(应用文之道歉信)I'm sorry to say that I have to postpone_going_to_the_bookstore_ with_you. 很抱歉，我不得不推迟和你去书店的时间。 词汇3　involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involves spending (spend) quite a lot of time with students. ②In a recent book, he advocated much more government involvement (involve) in health care. ③Children can benefit from being/getting_involved_in voluntary work. 孩子们能从参加志愿工作中受益。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)involve sb.in (doing) sth.使某人参与(做)某事；将某人牵涉到(做)某事中 involve doing sth.　包括做某事 (2)get/be involved in 被卷入……之中；热衷于 be/get involved with sb./sth.与某人混在一起；和某事有密切联系 (3)involvement n. 参与 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(话题写作之活动报道)200 students from all grades got_involved_in_this_running_race. 来自各个年级的200名学生参加了这次赛跑比赛。 ⑤(应用文之建议信)You should involve_yourselves_in_more_community_activities where you can gain experience for growth. 你们应该多参加社区活动，从中能获得成长经验。 词汇4　apply vt.& vi.应用；申请；涂；有关 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions. ②When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest. ③To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants (apply) to attend the opening ceremony. ④Eventually, however, I won the support of my family, and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application (apply)． |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)apply ... to ...　　 把……应用于……； 把……涂到……上 be applied to ... 被应用于…… apply (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply oneself/one's mind to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于(做)某事 (2)application n. 书面申请 applicant n. 申请人 名师指津：apply oneself to, apply to, apply ...to ...中to为介词，而apply to do sth.“申请做某事”中to为不定式符号。 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑤(应用文之申请信)I_am_writing_to_apply_for the opportunity to teach traditional Chinese crafts and art as part of the Chinese Workshop. 我写信是为了申请成为Chinese Workshop的一分子，有机会去教授一些中国传统的工艺和艺术。 ⑥(应用文之申请信)I'm writing to apply_to_be_a_member of our school English drama club and I have confidence that I am a suitable candidate.I once involved_myself_in several similar activities, and also took_charge_of the organization of the activities, which equipped me with relevant experience.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 我写这封信是想申请成为我们学校英语戏剧俱乐部的一员，我相信自己是一个合适的候选人。我曾参加过几次类似的活动，并负责过活动的组织工作，积累了相关经验。 词汇5　permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n．许可证 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①Employees are permitted to_use (use) the golf course during their free hours. ②When you are in, please don't touch the machines without permission (permit)． ③The rules of the school do not permit parking (park) near the school gate. ④Time permitting (permit), I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends so that we can promote our friendship. |系|统|归|纳|　 (2)permission n. 许可 with/without one's permission得到允许/未经允许 名师指津：动词permit 的常见用法为：permit doing sth./sb.to do sth.，用法类似的动词还有：allow, forbid, advise, encourage等。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(一句多译)　 ⑤(应用文之通知)如果天气允许的话，将在我们学校体育馆举行的比赛会在下午2点开始，持续约3个小时。 →Weather_permitting,_the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 p．m. and last for roughly 3 hours. →If_weather_permits,_the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 p．m. and last for roughly 3 hours. 词汇6　responsibility n．责任，负责；职责，义务 |题|点|盘|查|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①It was on that day that I learned the value of responsibility (responsible)． ②Mike is responsible for designing the entire project. ③I take_full_responsibility_for losing the money. 我对丢失这笔钱负有全部的责任。 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)bear responsibility for　　 对……负有责任 take the responsibility for/of doing sth. 负起对做某事的责任 a sense of responsibility 责任感 (2)responsible adj. 负责的，有责任的 be responsible for 应对……负责 be responsible to sb. 对某人负责 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④(话题写作之活动介绍)Through this activity, the students developed_a_strong_sense_of_responsibility and gratitude. 通过这次活动，学生们培养了强烈的责任感和感恩之心。 ⑤(应用文之建议信)In my opinion, we should take_responsibility_for our life and always put study in the first place. Put_another_way,_our_first_responsibility is learning all we can from classes.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 我认为我们应该对自己的人生负起责任，总是把学习放在首位。换句话说，我们的首要责任是竭尽所能从课堂上学习。 词汇7　by accident偶然，意外地 |题|点|盘|查|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ①One day ten years later, we met by_accident/chance at the airport. 十年后的一天，我们在机场不期而遇。 ②Whether by_design_or_by_accident,_his timing was perfect. 不管是计划好的还是巧合，他对时机的把握堪称完美。 ③Sorry to have taken your umbrella by_mistake. 很抱歉误拿了你的雨伞。 |系|统|归|纳|　 by chance＝by accident　　 偶然；碰巧 by design＝on purpose 故意地；蓄意地 by mistake 错误地 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(名言警句)Success in life doesn't happen by_accident/chance.It's the result of devoting your time and energy to what you've set out to do. 人生中成功不是偶然的。它是你对自己着手做的事情倾注了时间和精力的结果。 ⑤(续写之神情描写)Tom bowed his head in shame and admitted ringing_the_doorbell_repeatedly_on_purpose. 汤姆羞愧地低下了头，承认是自己故意反复摁了门铃。 词汇8　put forward提出，提议，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针) |题|点|盘|查|　 　(写出下列句中黑体部分的含义) ①The plan put forward in the last meeting isn't accepted by everyone.提出 ②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐 ③You ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes to avoid coming late.拨快 ④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前 |系|统|归|纳|　 put aside　　　 储存；(把……)撇开不理； 不考虑；放下正在做的事；留出 put ( ...) down (把……)放下；写下； 平息(叛乱等) put up 修建；举起；抬起；张贴； (为……)提供食宿；提高(价钱) put up with 忍受；容忍 put on 表演(节目)； 穿上；戴上；增加(体重) |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(话题写作之活动介绍)Some students expressed their great concern for the situation of wild animals, and others put_forward_a_wide_variety_of_measures to protect them. 一些学生表达了他们对野生动物状况的巨大担忧，另一些学生则提出了各种各样的保护措施。 ⑥(续写之动作描写)So, my dad and I put_on_our_new_cowboy_hats,_got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. 于是，我和爸爸戴上新的牛仔帽，骑上马，慢慢地朝山里走去。 句式1　in order to ...作目的状语 |要|点|解|读|　 (1)in order to 意为“为了……”，表示目的，在用法和意义上相当于so as to结构，但是in order to结构可以用于句首、句中，而so as to多用于句中，其否定式分别为：in order not to 和so as not to。 (2)in order to和so as to在句中表示目的时，常可以转化成in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句。 |习|练|规|则|—————————————(完成句子/句型转换)　 ①What disappoints me most is that only 10% of the students choose to read in their spare time in_order_to/so_as_to_acquire_knowledge and improve writing ability. 最令我感到失望的是，只有10%的学生为了获取知识和提高写作能力而选择在空闲时间阅读。 ②In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign her position as manager. →In_order_that_she_can_look_after_her_sick_mother,_my friend decided to resign her position as manager. |应|用|写|美|　 ③(2023·浙江1月高考写作)上周末，学生会举办了一项名为“认识我们身边的植物”的有意义活动，以教育我们更多有关日常生物学的知识。 The Students' Union held a meaningful activity named “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” last weekend in_order_to/so_as_to_educate_us_more_about_daily_biology. ④(应用文之倡议书)为了提高学习效率，我敦促大家养成独立思考和及时复习的习惯。 In_order_to_improve_learning_efficiency,_I urge that all of us (should) form the habit of thinking independently and going over lessons in time. 句式2　not ...but ...“不是……而是……” |要|点|解|读|　 (1)not ... but ...意为“不是……而是……”，在句中连接两个并列成分。 (2)当not ... but ...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式遵循“就近一致”原则。遵循“就近一致”原则的还有：or, not only ... but also ..., either ... or ..., neither ... nor ...等。 |习|练|规|则|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Not you but the interpreter is (be) to answer for it. ②It is often said that the joy of travelling is not_in_arriving_at_your_destination_but_in_the_journey_itself. 人们常说，旅行的乐趣不在于到达目的地，而在于旅程本身。 ③It is not_what_you_say_now_but_what_you_do that makes a great difference to your life tomorrow. 是你现在做的事情而不是你说的话对你今后的生活有重大影响。 |应|用|写|美|　 ④(主旨升华句)这次的经历告诉我，决定你是谁的不是你被给予了什么，而是你如何利用所被给予的。 The experience tells me that it is not_what_you_are_given_but_how_you_make_use_of_it that determines who you are. ⑤(应用文之建议信)不是做我们喜欢做的事，而是喜欢我们必须做的事，这才能让生活快乐。 It's not doing the things we love, but_loving_the_things_we_have_to_do_that_makes_ life_happy. 素养目标——精读真题语篇，阅读多维提能 |对接主题——有突出贡献的人物| (2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B篇)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine. The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge. He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water. Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China. “Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.” [真题再做] 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了John Todd通过观察大自然的自我修复能力，借鉴自然界生态系统来清理污染物的故事。 1．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? A．He was fond of traveling. B．He enjoyed being alone. C．He had an inquiring mind. D．He longed to be a doctor. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“observing how nature solved problems” “When he got older ... the messes people were making.”和第二段中的“John went back to observing nature and asking questions”以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，John拥有研究事物的好奇心，善于思考，故C项正确。 2．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? A．To feed the animals. B．To build an ecosystem. C．To protect the plants. D．To test the eco-machine. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The task John ... placed them in the tanks”及第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”可以推断，John在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的处理效果，故D项正确。 3．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou? A．To review John's research plans. B．To show an application of John's idea. C．To compare John's different jobs. D．To erase doubts about John's invention. 解析：选B　推理判断题。上文讲到了John的发明成功了。根据第五段的中心句“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs.”可知，多年来，John做了很多重大的工作。下文提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明John的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。 4．What is the basis for John's work? A．Nature can repair itself. B．Organisms need water to survive. C．Life on Earth is diverse. D．Most tiny creatures live in groups. 解析：选A　推理判断题。本文主要围绕John的疑问“A dirty stream, for example ... people were making.”展开，正是在这个疑问的指引下，John发明了“生态设计”，因此，John发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，故A项正确。 [多维提能] 一、题型思维建模 推理判断题解题攻略(以第2题为例) 1．警惕易错易误——以偏概全 本题易误选B。部分考生仅根据第二段中的“He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.”就认为第三段就是在具体说明打造生态系统的过程，从而误选B项。 2．内化题型技法——综合概括进行推断 有些推理判断题很难从一句话或某几句话中推断出来，这就需要整合与题目相关的信息，通过综合概括推出答案。 以本题为例，第三段先是叙述了打造生态系统的目的，接着叙述了具体的做法，再结合第四段中的“all that was left was pure water”，通过对这些信息整合、概括可推断，在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验生态机器的处理效果。 二、词汇拓展训练 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(一词多义)With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.v.认为 ②(熟词生义)Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. v．形成 ③(熟词生义)He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.v.处理 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①clean up　　　　　 清理；打扫 ②a series of 一系列的，一连串的 ③get used to 习惯于；适应于 ④take ...as ... 把……看作是…… ⑤take on 承担 ⑥kind of 在某种程度上 三、长难句式破译 1．When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. 抓标志：从属连词when；连接词how 判类型：时间状语从句＋主句(含有分词短语作状语和宾语从句) 试翻译：当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。 2．When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. 抓标志：从属连词when；if；省略的关系代词which/that 判类型：时间状语从句＋主句(含有一个宾语从句和一个定语从句) 试翻译：长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的垃圾。 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates (表明) that the numbers have been rising for some time. 2．Because of the rain, the sports meeting has to be postponed (延迟) until next week. 3．The accident (事故) was similar to the one that happened in 1973. 4．The new technology, if applied (应用) to farming, will help increase the grain output. 5．He published (出版) a collection of short stories when he was still at college. 6．Scientists declare (宣布) war on AIDS in order to make a breakthrough in treating it. 7．She is allergic to household (家务的) dust, so she often wears a mask and hat when cleaning the house. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．As we know, taking positive attitudes towards life is beneficial (benefit) to our bodies and minds. 2．The scientist was determined to make a great breakthrough in scientific (science) research. 3．Sometimes, people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and ignorant (ignore)． 4．As is well known, many deadly (dead) accidents result from carelessness and irresponsibility. 5．In our country, everyone has rights and freedom (free) to express his thoughts and ideas. 6．Bessie has always subscribed to the view that children should be given responsibility (responsible) from an early age. 7．I'm sorry to say that I can't finish the work within the limited (limit) time. 8．Children should ask for their parents' permission (permit) before going out alone. 9．Tom and his friends set out to explore the surrounding (surround) villages yesterday. 10．After the outbreak of war, life meant a struggle for survival (survive)． Ⅲ.选词填空 as to， work on， take it for granted， pay off， thanks to， speed up， with a bang， by accident， refer to， put forward 1．I never thought I would meet her again at a party by_accident after so many years. 2．There is a difference of opinion as_to the date for the exhibition. 3．Thanks_to our hard work, we can fulfil the task on time. 4．The theory he put_forward about the black hole isn't understood by most people. 5．The driver sped_up to make up for the hour he'd lost in the traffic jam. 6．I'm greatly confident that efforts will pay_off finally if I never give up. 7．The speaker made full preparations and gave the speech without referring_to_ his notes. 8．He has spent the last two years working_on a book about environmental protection. 9．The school year started off with_a_bang when I was named class president. 10．If you still keep silent, I will take_it_for_granted that you imply agreement. Ⅳ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)I_took_it_for_granted_that they would support this idea. 我想当然地认为他们会赞成这个想法。 2．(完成句子)Reading is fun, not_because_the_writer_is_telling_you_something,_but because it makes your mind work. 读书之所以有趣，不是由于作者在向你讲述什么，而是由于它促使你思考。 3．(完成句子) It_is_clear_that the achievements he has achieved in the field of math can't be neglected. (it作形式主语) 显然，他在数学领域取得的成就是不可忽视的。 4．(一句多译)为了不吵醒家人，她小声说话。 ①She talked quietly (in_order)_not_to_wake_up_her_family. ②She talked quietly in_order_that_she_would_not_wake_up_her_family. 5．(句式升级)Only when I had my own children did I realize the troubles of my parents. →It_is_only_when_I_had_my_own_children_that_I_realized_the_troubles_of_my_parents. (升级为强调句) Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2024·开封模拟)Isaac Newton's book, the Principia, transformed human understanding of the forces of nature, providing a mathematical basis for the movement of planets, moons, and comets (彗星), as well as objects on Earth. Recently, the known number of first editions of the book has more than doubled, including the first ones found in Asia, according to a new survey. Nearly 200 first editions of the Principia were newly identified in the survey, bringing the total known number to 386. The volumes cover 27 countries on five continents, including Africa and Australia. Before this new survey, the size of the Principia's first edition had been thought to be small — around 250 — based on a 1953 survey that put the number of copies at 189. That figure partly reflects a long-held idea that the book, formally titled Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, at 500 pages and written in Latin, was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians. Behind the pages of the Principia, in which Newton laid out his three laws of motion, is an interesting history that involves the astronomer Edmond Halley and other great figures. Most famous today for the comet that bears his name, Halley sought Newton's input on the shape of planetary orbits, a question that Halley and his colleagues had been puzzling over. Excited by Newton's answer — an ellipse (椭圆), and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations, Halley pushed Newton to write the Principia, then funded its publication and was key to promoting it. Such a book of knowledge carries great value. “In a sense, the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years，” says Mordechai Feingold, a science historian at the California Institute of Technology. “Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo, Descartes and other scientists had put forth so far as heavenly bodies are concerned and realized that Earth is a planet like any other planet and there's a mutual (相互的) attraction between all those heavenly bodies.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的调查发现，牛顿的《自然哲学的数学原理》一书首版发行量比人们以为的多很多。 1．What does the new survey show about first editions of the Principia? A．They failed to be seen in Africa. B．They were 586 in number in total. C．They were written in many languages. D．They reached more audience than thought. 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Recently, the known number of first editions ...including Africa and Australia”可知，这本书首版拥有的读者比人们以为的要多。 2．How was the Principia traditionally regarded? A．It was not easy to understand. B．It had fewer and fewer readers. C．It should be widely promoted. D．It was written for mathematicians. 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“a long-held idea that the book ...was virtually incomprehensible outside of a small circle of expert mathematicians”可知，长期以来人们一直认为，这本书除了一小部分数学专家外，几乎没人能够看懂。 3．What interested Halley most according to Paragraph 3? A．The comet named after him. B．Newton's answer to his question. C．Newton's calculating process. D．The promotion of the Principia. 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Excited by Newton's answer ...and even more so by a paper he later sent to show his calculations”可知，最让哈雷感兴趣的是牛顿的运算过程。 4．Which of the following can best describe Newton's work according to Feingold? A．Arguable.　　　　 B．Inclusive. C．Complex. D．Modern. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段Feingold所说的“the Principia combined all the work that was done for the previous hundred years”和“Newton put together the ideas that Kepler, Galileo ...had put forth”可知，这本书兼容并包。 B (2024·湖北七市联考)Scientists have made a “breakthrough” in handling nuclear fusion (聚变)．The US Department of Energy officially announced the milestone in fusion energy research. For the first time, researchers created a nuclear fusion reaction that produced more energy than they put into the process.The experiment, conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, generated 3.15 megajoules of energy, more than the 2.05 megajoules put into creating it. Nuclear fusion works by forcing together two atoms — most often hydrogen — to make a heavier one — like helium (氦)．This explosive process releases massive amounts of energy, the Department of Energy explains.Fusion is the opposite of fission (裂变), the reaction that powers nuclear reactors used commercially today. Fusion occurs naturally in the heart of the Sun and the stars, providing these cosmic (宇宙的) objects with fuel.Since the 1950s, scientists have been trying to reproduce it on Earth in order to make use of the so-called clean, cheap, and almost limitless electricity.According to the International Atomic Energy Agency, fusion generates four times more energy per kilogram than the fission used to power nuclear plants, and nearly 4 million times more energy than burning oil or coal.What's more, unlike fossil fuels, fusion doesn't release carbon dioxide — the greenhouse gas that's the main driver of climate change — into the atmosphere.And unlike nuclear fission, fusion doesn't create long-lived radioactive waste, according to the Department of Energy.But so far, nuclear fusion hasn't solved our energy problems on a grand scale. The recent announcement is a huge step forward in nuclear fusion energy, but applying the technology at commercial scale is likely still years away.Chanda Prescod Weinstein, a theoretical physicist, pointed out that the process the Department of Energy uses requires tritium (氚), a rare and radioactive isotope (同位素) of hydrogen.“It may yet convey important information that is ultimately transformative.We don't know yet，” Prescod Weinstein said.Investors, including Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, have poured billions into clean energy field trying to make fusion commercially workable, and the recent announcement is likely to continue that trend. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们在核聚变反应上取得的突破，同时也科普了核聚变的原理，强调了它在能源制造上的价值以及其对未来的意义。 5．What is the breakthrough in nuclear fusion reaction? A．It releases massive amounts of energy. B．It produces 3.15 megajoules of energy. C．It works by forcing together two atoms. D．It generates more energy than that put into it. 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第二段中的“For the first time，researchers created a nuclear fusion reaction that produced more energy than they put into the process”可知，这一巨大突破是指首次产生了能量产出大于投入的核聚变反应。 6．Why have scientists been conducting nuclear fusion experiments? A．To avoid the commercial use of fission. B．To recycle the byproduct of radioactive waste. C．To reduce emission of greenhouse gas. D．To aim for the high efficiency in producing energy. 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第四段第二、三句可知，科学家们一直致力于在地球上实验核聚变，目的在于利用这种清洁、廉价、无限的能源，使其效能更高。 7．What does Paragraph 5 focus on? A．The attitude of investors. B．The prospect of fusion energy. C．The significance of the announcement. D．The difficulty in producing fusion energy. 解析：选B　段落大意题。由第五段的首句即主旨句可知，虽然目前在核聚变研究上取得了突破，但离这一技术商业化还有数年；另外，Prescod Weinstein的话和投资者们纷纷倾注巨资投入这一领域，都表达了各方对这一技术前景的看法。 8．What is the author's attitude towards fusion energy? A．Critical. B．Negative. C．Optimistic. D．Doubtful. 解析：选C　推理判断题。从第一段第二句和第五段的“The recent announcement is a huge step forward in nuclear fusion energy”以及“Investors ... is likely to continue that trend.”可知，作者对核聚变能量的研究持乐观态度。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.阅读七选五 In today's world, technology is a part of daily life.In order to keep civilization hand in hand with technological advances, and to understand the connected future they will have, children in schools have to be taught technical skills.But how can teachers integrate (使……融入) technology into their classroom? Here are a couple of ways. Teach acceptance of connected learning.In the information age, it's only right to teach kids how to jump at connected learning.__1__ For example, a tablet PC could be used in art class to draw pictures or even signs for the school. Use a video chat system to teleconference.The idea of pen pals can be strengthened by video chat systems.__2__ In this situation, children will learn how to share experiences and build new relationships from a distance.Teleconferencing is a great way to teach children about teleconferencing etiquette (礼仪)．__3__ Develop a class wiki or blog.In order to help get your students active in class lessons, you can use a blog or wiki to make them comment on lessons, topics and current events.Students should also be allowed to create new posts about news or their thoughts.__4__ Create a podcast (播客) for your class.Technology is always about being seen.__5__ It can also be used to be heard.With a classroom podcast, you can read passages from a textbook or a novel or schedule discussions on a certain topic that's in line with your curriculum.This will teach broadcasting skills, speaking skills and critical thinking skills. A．This is a great way to improve creative writing. B．You can also upload videos to a private channel. C．However, it's wrong to think it's only about being seen. D．This will show them how to solve complex math problems. E．This includes using technology as a tool or a way to learn new concepts. F．For example, you can teach children when it's alright to connect and how to act when on camera. G．These systems can also be used to connect with students from other classroom that are far away. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何把科技引进课堂。 1．解析：选E　上文提到：在信息时代，教孩子们如何进行联网学习是唯一正确的做法，下一句具体举例说明信息时代中科技的用途，故E选项“这包括将技术作为学习新概念的工具或方式”符合语境，起到承上启下的作用。 2．解析：选G　上文提到：可以使用视频聊天系统进行电话会议。视频聊天系统能强化笔友的概念，G选项“这些系统还可用于连接来自距离很远的其他教室的学生”可以承接上文，且该选项中的“These systems”与上文的“video chat systems”相呼应，选项中的“also”也提示了句意与上一句存在承接关系。 3．解析：选F　上文提到：电话会议是教孩子们学习电话会议礼仪的好方法，F选项“例如，你可以教孩子什么时候可以连接以及在镜头前如何表现”承接上文，符合语境。 4．解析：选A　上文提到：学生们应该也被允许创造关于新闻和他们想法的新帖子，A选项“这是提高创造性写作的好方法”能够承接上文，符合语境。 5．解析：选C　上文提到：技术总是会被看见，下文则提到：它也可能被听见。故C选项“然而，认为它仅仅能被看到是不对的”承上启下，符合语境。 Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·福州模拟)Every night as the whole family fell asleep, Catalina would slide from home to the Cerro Tololo observatory (天文台)．Papa was the mechanic (修理工) of the observatory, but during the day Papa would not allow her to get closer to the telescopes there.Only at night, Catalina was allowed in with the permission of the night staff. Catalina loved helping to service the grand telescopes, the eyes that look out into the universe.She wanted badly to be an astronomer someday.Adults never took her dream seriously.Even her father laughed, “Maybe you'll be hired to clean the offices.” One day in library, Catalina was reading a plant journal when she stopped at the picture of an unusual white flower.“It's called wild carrot，” a Spanish astronomer, who she saw several times in the observatory, stood behind her.“Pretty, isn't it? I've always liked that flower, because it looks like a galaxy.” “A spiral galaxy (旋涡星系)，” she whispered.Blond eyebrows climbed the scientist's forehead.“Indeed.And what is your name, young lady？” he asked. “I'm Catalina Solis.” “Eduardo Solis's daughter? The mechanic？” “Yes，” she gave a look at him.“I want to be an astronomer when I grow up.” He laughed kindly, no longer meeting her eyes, and patted her on the shoulder.“Yes, of course, my dear.Work hard in school, and it will happen.” One evening, Catalina scanned the top of the observatory as usual.Suddenly she noticed the angle of the one-meter telescope was unusual.The telescope was pointed down, lower than she had ever seen it.Catalina learned from Papa how dangerous it would be.If left like it was, the telescope would move past its limit and be damaged.So without hesitation she got inside the observatory. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 She saw the Spanish scientist buried in work there._______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ The scientist's words meant a lot to her.______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： She saw the Spanish scientist buried in work there.Catalina walked gently towards the scientist, who happened to lift his head and noticed her.“Still want to know more about flowers, Catalina Solis？” Catalina shook her head and told the scientist her discovery about the telescope.Without any hesitation, the scientist stood up and approached the one-meter telescope, observing, checking and adjusting the angle of it.A couple of minutes later，he spoke at last，“Thank you, young lady.What you found is quite timely and crucial.You are really a good candidate for an astronomer.” The scientist's words meant a lot to her.She smiled so happily as it was the first time an adult had confirmed her dream.She made up her mind to run after her dream and nothing would stop her.The scientist invited her to work as an assistant, working with him.After years of hard work, Catalina, who had been equipped with abundant theory and practice, was admitted to an astronomy university.Her childhood dream finally became a reality.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.However, to Catalina, it's the scientist's encouragement that pushed her so far. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$