必修1 UNIT 4(Word教师用书)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语一轮总复习（译林版2020）

项目一背诵单元词汇·充盈“语料库” 一、词块记忆“阅读词汇” 1．plain yogurt　　 　　　　 原味酸奶 2．both sexes 无论男女 3．slim down quickly 快速瘦身 4．four per cent 百分之四 5．need a lot of nutrition 对贸易的消极影响 7．plastic product 塑料制品 8．look fat in these jeans 穿这条牛仔裤看起来显胖 9．be living in their shadow 生活在他们的阴影下 10．the digital age 数字时代 11．play the piano 弹钢琴 12．test an app 测试一款应用程序 二、词块记忆“核心词汇” 1．skip meals 　 不吃饭 2．be concerned about the result 　 关注结果 3．prove to be harmful to teenagers 证实对青少年有害 4．have a healthy balanced diet 有健康均衡的饮食 5．function well 运转良好 6．within earshot of 在听力范围内 7．rather than 而不是 8．every aspect of our lives 我们生活的方方面面 9．launch an attack 发起进攻 10．store huge amounts of data　 存储大量数据 11．adjust his schedule 调整他的日程安排 12．plastic surgery 整形手术；整形外科 13．campus culture 校园文化 14．bad guy 坏人 15．the old saying goes 古语有云 16．male and female 男女 17．post a never-ending series of photos online无休止地在网上发布一系列照片 18．external influences 外在的影响 19．your contents are much more important than your cover内容要远比封面(外表)重要 20．a strong feeling of individuality 强烈的个性感 三、写准用对“变形词汇” 1．immediate adj.立即的；即刻的→immediately adv.立即，马上 conj.一……就 2．concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注→concentration n．集中；专心；浓度→concentrated adj.全神贯注的 3．extreme adj.极端的；严重的 n．极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)→extremely adv.尤其，非常 4．effect n．效果，作用；影响→effective adj.有效的；生效的 5．slight adj.微小的，细小的→slightly adv.稍微，略微 6．energy n．精力→energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 7．fright n．害怕→frighten vt.使害怕；使惊吓→frightened adj.害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的 8．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促 9．contribute vi.& vt.是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加→contribution n．捐献；贡献 10．memory n．记忆力，记性；记忆，回忆→memorize v．记住 11．treat vt.治疗；对待→treatment n．治疗；对待，待遇；处理 12．add vt.加；增加→addition n．增加，添加；加法→additional adj.额外的，附加的→additionally adv.此外 13．beauty n．美，美丽；美人，美好的东西→beautify v．美化；使美丽→beautiful adj.美丽的；美好的→beautifully adv.美好地；美妙地；漂亮地 14．strong adj.强壮的；坚强的→strength n．优势；力气，力量；实力→strengthen vt.加强；巩固 15．talent n．天资，天赋；人才，天才→talented adj.有才能的 16．achieve vt.完成；达到→achievement n．成就，成绩；达到，完成 四、因境而异的“熟词生义或词性活用” 1．faint vi.昏厥 adj.昏眩的；微弱的→adj.可能性不大的；不积极的 2．slim adj.苗条的；微薄的，小的→vi.变苗条，减肥 3．function n．作用，功能，职能→vi.起作用，正常工作，运转 4．amount n．数量→v.合计，共计；等同，接近 5．schedule n．日程安排，工作计划；时间表→vt.安排；预定 6．plastic adj.可塑的；塑料的n.塑料→ adj.做作的；虚伪的；矫饰的 7．fashion n．时尚，时兴；流行款式→vt.(尤指用手工)制作；塑造 8．shadow n．阴影，影子；昏暗处，阴暗处→vt.跟踪；盯梢；在……上投下(或覆盖)阴影 9．content n．内容；目录→vt.满足；使满足；使满意 五、记牢用活“重点短语” 1．pass out　　　　　　　 昏迷，失去知觉；分发 2．slim down 变苗条，减肥 3．side effect 副作用 4．take in 摄入，吸收 5．get into shape 强身健体 6．lose weight 减肥 7．point out 指出 8．contribute to 促成，造成 9．in the short/long term 从短期/长期看 10．in addition 此外 11．hang over 使忧心忡忡， 担心可能发生 12．have a negative effect on 　 对……有负面影响 13．guard against 防范，防止，提防 14．fight a losing battle 打一场无望取胜的仗 15．live up to 达到，符合，不辜负 16．end up 最终成为，最终处于 17．show off 显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄 18．compare ... to ... 把……与……比较； 把……比作…… 19．take pride in 为……自豪，为……骄傲 20．take one's mind off 转移某人的注意力 项目二背诵出彩表达·有话“好好说” 一、单元重点句式内外兼修 1．sb. be found to do sth.“某人被发现做某事” 教材内佳句 Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately. 医生发现珍妮弗的血糖已经低到了很危险的程度，于是马上对其进行治疗。 教材外佳句 Nowadays, many teenagers are found to have difficulty in making friends with others. 现在，许多青少年被发现与他人交朋友有困难。 2.“分数/百分数＋of＋n./pron.”作主语时的主谓一致 教材内佳句 According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over-exercise and four per cent even take weight-loss medicine.　近期一项针对高中生生活习惯的调查表明，近1/5的青少年经常性地不吃饭，1/10运动过度，4%甚至服用减肥药。 教材外佳句 ①(2022·全国乙卷书面表达)65% of the students consider listening to English songs as their favorite way in English learning. 65%的学生认为听英语歌曲是他们最喜欢的英语学习方式。 ②(人教版选择性必修1佳句)Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。 3.there is no reason why ...“没有理由……” 教材内佳句 It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried. 青少年轻微超重是正常现象，没有理由为此焦虑。 教材外佳句 ①(2022·全国甲卷书面表达)With oceans playing a critical role in the world, there is no reason why we should not take measures to protect them. 由于海洋在世界上发挥着关键作用，我们没有理由不采取措施保护它们。 ②(2021·全国乙卷书面表达)With the rapid development of the Internet, there is no reason why we should not make the most of various online learning courses. 随着互联网的快速发展，我们没有理由不充分利用各种在线学习课程。 4.不定式短语作目的状语 教材内佳句 A man received plastic surgery at King's Hospital last month to treat burn marks he got one year ago.　上个月，一名男子在国王医院接受整形手术，治疗一年前的烧伤痕迹。 教材外佳句 ①(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)To ensure that we can communicate with each other at a great depth, I suggest that you put three to four students together. 为了保证我们能更深入地交流，我建议你把三到四个学生安排在一起。 ②(人教版必修2佳句)Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries. 她的下一个目标是创建一个慈善网站，为贫穷国家的儿童募捐。 5.动名词短语作主语 教材内佳句 Hearing how much they value you can help you feel comfortable in your own skin. 听听他们有多么在乎你，将有助于你更好地接受自己的形象。 教材外佳句 (人教版必修1佳句)Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. 从初中过渡到高中确实是一项巨大的挑战。 二、单元主题佳句纵横拓展 热考主题：身心健康 1．As we all know, health is very important to everybody. 众所周知，健康对每个人都很重要。 2．We should cycle at least two or three times a week. 我们应该每周至少骑两三次自行车。 3．A recent study shows that nearly 20% of students skip breakfast. 最近一项调查显示，近20%的学生不吃早饭。 4．It's a good idea to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. 养成健康的饮食习惯来增强体质是个不错的主意。 5．Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight, things began to change. 一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。 6．I always wanted to look like the slim girls on TV even though I knew that it was impossible. 我总是想让自己能看起来像电视上的那些苗条女孩，尽管我知道这不可能。 三、续写高分素材学中悟道 系列背诵形体描写之“眼” He nodded and bit his lip, tears welling up in his eyes. I hugged him firmly, patting his back gently. “I have faith in you and you will not be looked down upon. Instead, everyone will cheer for you when you are running！” David was inspired instantly and accepted to run. Seeing the determination in his eyes, I wiped the tears on his cheeks, promising to keep him company until the end of the competition. 高分悟道 本段中使用了“tears welling up in his eyes (独立主格结构), Seeing the determination in his eyes(分词作状语)”等与眼有关的动作，描写人物由伤心到坚定的心理状态的变化，形象地展现了大卫不服输的坚强性格。 高分有招 常见的与“眼”相关的高分词块有： stare/gaze at　　　　　　凝视 glare at 怒视 glance/glimpse at 瞥一眼 one's eyes narrow 眯起眼睛 fix/focus one's eyes on 集中注意力于 catch/lose sight of 看见/看不见 keep an eye on 照看 meet one's eyes 接触某人目光 一、默写重点单词 1．skip vt.　　 　　　　 不做(应做的事情等)；跳过 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过 2．concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的， 关切的 3．prove linking v. 后来被发现是 vt. 证明，证实 4．diet n. 日常饮食；节食 vi. 节食，进行规定饮食 5．function vi. 起作用，正常工作，运转 n. 作用，功能，职能 6．within prep. 在(某段时间)之内； 在(某段距离、范围)之内； 在……里 7．rather adv. 相反，而是；相当； 更准确地说 8．aspect n. 方面，层面 9．attack n. 发作；攻击；抨击 vt.&vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击 10．amount n. 数量 11．schedule n. 日程安排，工作计划； 时间表 12．series n．(pl.series) 一系列，连续 13．external adj. 外来的，外在的；外面的， 外部的 二、默写变形词汇 (依据语境提示在横线上写出单词的正确形式) 三、默写重点短语 1．pass_out　　　　　　　 昏迷，失去知觉；分发 2．slim_down 变苗条，减肥 3．side_effect 副作用 4．take_in 摄入，吸收 5．get_into_shape 强身健体 6．lose_weight 减肥 7．point_out 指出 8．contribute_to 促成，造成 9．in_the_short/long_term 从短期/长期看 10．in_addition 此外 11．hang_over 使忧心忡忡， 担心可能发生 12．have_a_negative_effect_on 　 对……有负面影响 13．guard_against 防范，防止，提防 14．fight_a_losing_battle 打一场无望取胜的仗 15．live_up_to 达到，符合，不辜负 16．end_up 最终成为，最终处于 17．show_off 显示，展示；炫耀，卖弄 18．compare_..._to_... 把……与……比较； 把……比作…… 19．take_pride_in 为……自豪，为……骄傲 20．take_one's_mind_off 转移某人的注意力 词汇1　concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注；(使)浓缩n.浓缩物 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/同义替换)　 ①As a consequence, they can't concentrate on their study and tend to be sleepy in class. ②Attracted by traditional Chinese culture, many foreign youngsters are concentrating on learning (learn) Mandarin. ③We can skip over the details and focus on the general issues.concentrate_on |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)concentrate on (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事，集中精力于(做)某事 concentrate one's mind/attention/effort/energy on 集中注意力/精力于；致力于；专心于 (2)concentration n．　　专心，集中；浓度 联想发散：表示“专心于；全神贯注于”的短语还有： ①focus/fix one's mind/attention on/upon ②put one's heart into　③be buried/lost/absorbed in |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④(续写之神情描写)He paused and narrowed his eyes_in_concentration,_with his expression growing solemn. 他停下来，眯起眼睛专注地看着，脸上的表情显得严肃起来。 ⑤(续写之心理描写)The noise outside almost drives me crazy, so I_can't_concentrate_my_attention_on_solving_the_problem_at_all. 外面的噪音快把我逼疯了，所以我根本没办法专心解答那道难题。 ⑥(话题写作之人物描写)John always concentrates_on_his_studies.In class he concentrates_his_mind_on what teachers said and answers questions actively.It is his_power_of_concentration that contributes to his success. 约翰一直集中精力学习。在课堂上他专心听讲，积极回答问题。正是他的专注力促成了他的成功。 词汇2　effect n．效果，作用；影响 |题|点|盘|查|　 (1)单句语法填空/完成句子 ①That sounds rather simple, but in effect it's very difficult. ②A balanced diet is most effective (effect) when combined with regular exercise. ③The new law will come_into_effect next year; surely it will reduce side_effects caused by the heavy industry. 新法律将于明年开始生效，这肯定会减少重工业带来的副作用。 (2)一句多译 ④这些建议的实施是为了保护青少年的视力。 →These suggestions came_into_effect to protect the eyesight of teenagers.(主动语态) →These suggestions were_put/brought/carried_into_effect to protect the eyesight of teenagers.(被动语态) |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)side effect　　　　 　 　　　 副作用 have an effect on 对……有影响 bring/carry/put ... into effect 实施/使生效 come into effect 开始生效 in effect 实际上；事实上 take effect 开始起作用；生效 cause and effect 因果 (2)effective adj. 有效的；生效的 易混辨析： ①effect强调“结果性的影响”，结果不分好坏； ②influence(n.& v．)强调“潜移默化的渗透性影响”； ③impact(n.& v．)，强调“有冲击力的巨大影响”； ④affect为动词，等同于have an effect on。 |应|用|表|达|——————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑤(应用文之观点阐述)Using cell phones in class will have_bad_effects_on_students'_study. 在课堂上使用手机对学生们的学习会有不良影响。 ⑥(应用文之建议信)One_of_the_most_effective_ways_to_reduce_stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. 减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是和你信任的人谈谈感受。 ⑦(话题写作之学校生活)The new school rules and regulations will come_into_effect next week. However, whether they will take_effect_or_have_a_positive_effect_on our school life will depend on our actual deeds. 新的学校规章制度将于下周开始生效。然而，它们能否起作用或对我们的学校生活产生积极的影响取决于我们的实际行动。 词汇3　contribute vi.& vt.是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①Many companies were willing to contribute medical equipment to local hospitals after the earthquake broke out. ②Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for you to show your dancing skills and make some contributions (contribute) to the class. ③The old man is interested in writing and he has contributed a number of articles to our magazine ever since he retired. ④I am firmly convinced that honesty will contribute to building (build) a warm and harmonious society. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)contribute sth. to ...　 把某物捐献给…… contribute to 促成，造成；给……投稿 (2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献 make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡献 名师指津：　 (1)contribute to表示“导致”时相当于lead to, result in, cause等。 (2)contribute sth.to ..., contribute to, make a contribution/contributions to中的to均为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 |应|用|表|达|——————————(同义句转换/完成句子)　 ⑤(话题写作之环境保护)All animals and plants are important, because each species contributes to the variety of life forms on the Earth. →All animals and plants are important, because each species makes_a_contribution/contributions_to the variety of life forms on the Earth. ⑥(应用文之倡议书)Assuming that everyone can make_a_contribution/contributions_to_our_society,_our world can be a better place. 如果每个人都能为我们的社会做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。 ⑦(话题写作之人物描写)He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation and make_a_contribution/contributions_to_the_development_of_science in our country. 他决定将自己的余生献给科学研究事业，为我国的科学发展做出贡献。 词汇4　schedule n．日程安排，工作计划；时间表v.为……安排时间 |题|点|盘|查|———————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①The ski race depends on the weather and is scheduled for Saturday but may be moved to next Friday. ②Would you check to see if Flight 334 from Shanghai is arriving in New York on schedule? ③Firstly，the festival is_scheduled (schedule) to start at 9：00 a．m. on August 15th, which will last 3 hours. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)ahead of schedule　　 　 提前 behind schedule 比规定时间晚 on schedule 按计划；准时 (2)be scheduled for＋时间 安排在某个时间 be scheduled to do sth. 预计做某事 |应|用|表|达|—————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ④(应用文之通知)The exhibition is_scheduled_to_take_place in the football field from 8：00 a．m.to 11：00 a．m., lasting 3 hours. 展览定于上午8点至11点在足球场举行，时长3个小时。 ⑤(应用文之感谢信)Thanks to your help, we have completed the task_ahead_of_schedule. 多亏了你的帮忙，我们已经提前完成了任务。 ⑥(续写之情节描述)We were_scheduled_to_hold_the_sports_meeting last Saturday, but due to the bad weather, it had to be a week behind_schedule and was_scheduled_for_this_Saturday.This Saturday it was held on_schedule_and at 3：00 p．m.we finished all the races_ahead_of_schedule. 我们原定于上周六举行运动会，但由于天气不好，只能延期一周，安排在本周六举行。这周六运动会如期举行，下午三点我们提前完成了所有比赛。 词汇5　content n．内容；目录adj.满足的，满意的v.使满足，使满意 |题|点|盘|查|　 　(写出下列句中加黑词的词性及含义) ①Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.n.容纳的东西 ②The content of the course depends on what the students would like to study.n.内容 ③Whenever I read a book, I will first look through the contents page.n.目录 ④Martina, a homeless lady, contented herself with a bowl of soup.v.使满足 ⑤Mr Green was content with what I had done and sang high praise for me.adj.满意的 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)be content with　　　 对……满足/满意 be content to do sth. 乐于/满足于做某事 (2)content oneself with 满足于；使(某人)自己 对……感到满足 名师指津： (1)content表示“容纳的东西；目录”时，常用复数形式；表示“含量；内容”时，用单数形式。 (2)content作形容词时，只能作表语，不能作前置定语。 |应|用|表|达|——————————————(完成句子/补全语段)　 ⑥(续写之场景描写)Here I am, alone under this broad sky, content_to_breathe_the_fresh_air,_and enjoying this great adventure. 苍穹之下，我独自一人，满足地呼吸着新鲜的空气，享受着这场伟大的冒险。 ⑦(续写之动作描写)Content_with_her_exam_results,_she decided to treat_herself_to_a_big_meal.She ordered some delicious cuisine and placed them on the table covered with an elaborately prepared tablecloth.Then she took_a_series_of_photos and posted them online to_show_off_to_her_friends.(要求：用本单元所学词汇补全语段) 她对自己的考试成绩感到满意，决定用一顿大餐来款待自己。她点了一些美味的菜肴，把它们摆放在铺着精心准备的桌布的桌子上。然后，她拍了一系列照片，并将其发到网上，向朋友们炫耀。 词汇6　in addition此外 |题|点|盘|查|————————(单句语法填空/熟词生义)　 ①Additionally (addition), table manners play an important part during your visit. ②Working out in the morning provides additional (addition) benefits beyond being physically fit. ③In addition to my academic studies, I always manage to find time for what I'm interested in. ④The new information adds fuel to the debate over safety procedures. ⑤Please add up all the figures, and you will get the total. ⑥Well, I could be wrong, but it all seems to add up.说得通 |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)in addition to　　 除……之外 (2)add to 增加；增添(多用于抽象意义) add ... to ... 增添……到…… add up 把……加起来 add up to 总计为；结果是(不用于被动语态) add that ... 补充说…… (3)additional adj. 附加的；额外的 additionally adv. 此外；另外；额外地 名师指津：in addition单独使用； in addition to后跟宾语，表示“除……之外(还……)”，等同于besides/apart from/as well as等。 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑦(续写之景物描写)In_addition,_the sun was gradually setting in the west, and the light was gradually fading. 此外，太阳正逐渐西沉，光线也正渐渐黯淡。 ⑧(续写之景物描写)In_addition_to_small_houses with red tiles and red bricks behind peach trees, the most beautiful is a field of rape flowers. 除了桃树后红瓦红砖的小房子，最美的是一田油菜花。 词汇7　hang over使忧心忡忡，担心可能发生；搁置起来；挂在……之上 |题|点|盘|查|————————————————————(介、副词填空)　 ①I had nothing to do but hang about/around on the street. ②It's hard work, but if you hang on,_you will succeed in the end. ③But now that boom is over, and questions hang over the region. |系|统|归|纳|　 hang about/around　　 闲逛；徘徊 hang on 别挂断(电话)，稍等； 紧紧抓住；坚持 hang up 挂断电话 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ④(续写之情绪描写)Her heart was broken and the cloud of gloom was hanging_over_her. 她的心都碎了，整个人笼罩在沮丧的阴云之中。 ⑤(话题写作之人物描写)There was a time when he_hang_about/around_all_day doing nothing, which made his parents very disappointed. 有一段时间他整天无所事事，到处闲逛，这让他的父母非常失望。 词汇8　end up最终成为，最终处于 |题|点|盘|查|————————————————(单句语法填空)　 ①While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering (remember) nothing. ②The lecture ended up with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet. ③If we neglect our future, we'll end up in failure. ④Anderson was born into a poor family, but ended up as one of the greatest writers of his time. |系|统|归|纳|　 (1)end up doing sth.　　　 最终做…… end (up) with/in 以……结束 end up as 最终成为…… (2)come to an end 结束 bring/put an end to sth.＝bring/put sth.to an end 结束/终止某事 |应|用|表|达|————————————————————(完成句子)　 ⑤(2023·全国甲卷书面表达)He ended_up_as_one_of_the_greatest_poets in Chinese history and is honored as the Poet Sage. 他最终成为中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一，并被尊称为“诗圣”。 ⑥(续写之细节描写)He says walking, enjoying mountains and water, and just enjoying the simplicity and primitivism of life can lead you to a destination you end_up_truly_loving. 他说，行走、看山看水，或者仅仅享受生活的简单和自然，都能让你到达你最终会真正爱上的目的地。 句式1　“分数/百分数＋of＋n./pron.”作主语时的主谓一致 |要|点|解|读|　 (1)“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋n./pron.”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义。 (2)all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 |习|练|规|则|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Only 60 per cent of the work was (be) done yesterday. ②About one third of the books are (be) worth reading. ③All of this is (be) wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting. ④About 50% of the land is_suitable_to_grow_plants. 大约50%的土地适合种植植物。 |应|用|写|美|　 ⑤(续写之场景描写)操场上人声鼎沸，我们学校大约五分之四的学生都聚集在这里。 The playground was buzzing with people, and about_four_fifths_of_the_students_in_our_school_were_gathering_here. ⑥(续写之动作描写)看，观众沸腾了！所有人都在欢呼，大喊大叫。 Look how the crowd has gone wild！All_are_cheering and yelling around. 句式2　动名词(短语)作主语 |要|点|解|读|　 (1)动名词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 (2)动名词表示经常性、习惯性的动作或情况，而不定式更倾向某一次特定的、具体的动作。 (3)为了避免“头重脚轻”，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的动名词主语后置，常用句型为It's a waste (of time ...)/no (little) good (use)＋doing sth.。 |习|练|规|则|—————————(单句语法填空/完成句子)　 ①Reciting words everyday is (be) necessary in learning a language. ②Walking (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. ③It is no use trying to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic. ④Studying_hard_isn't_always_fun,_but I'll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future. 努力学习并不总是那么有趣，但我能为未来上大学或是任何其他的事情做好充分准备。 |应|用|写|美|　 ⑤(续写之心理描写)损失两大主力队员是个巨大的挑战，但我们没有气馁。 Losing_two_important_players_was_a_big_challenge,_but we did not lose heart. ⑥(续写之景物描写)尽管(外面)艳阳高照，但要分清是早上还是夜晚是不可能的，因为北极圈内的夏天没有日落。 Even though the sun is brightly shining, telling_whether_it_is_morning_or_night_is_impossible,_for the sun never sets in summer in the Arctic Circle. ⑦(续写之观点陈述)说这么多只是在浪费时间，我们要做的是立刻开始行动。 It's_a_waste_of_time_talking_so_much. What we need to do is go into action at once. 素养目标——精读真题语篇，阅读多维提能 |对接主题——身心健康| (2022·全国乙卷·阅读理解D篇)The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100mL, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 　 [真题再做] 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。英国政府通过对软饮料征收糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，并将该收入用于学校的体育设施和更健康的饮食。 1．Why was the sugar tax introduced? A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks. C．To protect children's health. D．To encourage research in education. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“..., was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It ...are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.”可知，征收糖税是为了帮助减少儿童肥胖。现在的儿童和青少年因摄入的糖分过多，使得他们患病的风险更高。 2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? A．They turned to overseas markets. B．They raised the prices of their products. C．They cut down on their production. D．They reduced their products' sugar content. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.”可知，在商店里销售的超过一半的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，这样他们就可以避免缴税。 3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks. C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.” 可知，一些高糖品牌，如经典的可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并且因害怕会使消费者不快而拒绝改变。由此可知，糖税是从经典的可口可乐征收的。 4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story. C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。由此可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。 [多维提能] 一、题型思维建模 细节推断题解题攻略(以第4题为例) 1．警惕易错易误——曲解文意 本题易误选C。部分考生根据第五段的“Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.”就误认为采取糖税政策有利于制造商，从而误选C项。 2．内化题型技法——综合分析推答案 解答细节推断题时，有些题目涉及多个细节信息，不能从某一细节中直接得出答案，需要对一些细节综合分析，概括归纳才能得到答案。 以本题为例，根据最后一段内容可知，今天的数字显示了糖税对体育设施和学校的健康饮食的积极影响。帮助下一代拥有一个健康且积极的童年是非常重要的，而这个行业正在发挥其作用。通过对这些细节的综合分析可推断，采取糖税政策是一个成功的例子。 二、词汇拓展训练 1．因境辨义(写出下列黑体词在文中的词性及含义) ①(熟词生义)It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.v.吃；喝；饮 ②(一词多义)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.n.收费 ③(一词多义)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.n.含量 ④(一词多义)Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.n.数字 2．词块积累(写出下列词块在文中的汉语意思) ①bring in　　　　　　　 赚得 ②apply to 应用于 ③put sb. at a risk of 使某人处于……的风险中 ④for fear of 以免；唯恐 ⑤free of 无……的 ⑥of great importance 有重要意义；非常重要的 ⑦play one's part 起作用 三、长难句式破译 1．It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax. 抓标志：从属连词after；连接词so 判类型：主句(含有一个时间状语从句)＋目的状语从句 试翻译：在此之前，超过一半的商店出售的软饮料被制造商降低了含糖量，这样他们可以避免交税。 2．Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 抓标志：并列连词第二个and 判类型：简单句(含有动名词短语作主语)＋并列连词＋简单句 试翻译：帮助下一代拥有一个健康和积极的童年是非常重要的，该行业正在发挥其作用。 课时作业(一) Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It is not surprising that you are so depressed recently; you are suffering from so much pressure (压力)． 2．The practice has proved (证明) that such teaching method has achieved very good results. 3．She's always on a diet (节食) but she never seems to lose any weight. 4．He had made some rather (相当) bad mistakes which I thought should be corrected. 5．That lovely summer holiday in Beijing already feels like a distant memory (回忆)． 6．He has a good habit of doing morning exercise every day to build up his strength (力量)． 7．Despite the power outage, the hospital continued to function (运转) normally. 8．Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack (袭击) by insects or disease. 9．As we know, China is an increasingly developing power in the world, which is sure to make great contributions to the world in all aspects (方面)． Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I would be grateful if you could send the form back immediately (immediate) you complete it. 2．The two officers were extremely (extreme) lucky to escape serious injury. 3．It's human nature to show off your own great achievements (achievement)． 4．It is time to put these arrangements on a slightly (slight) more formal basis. 5．We look for applicants who are responsible, energetic (energy) and experienced in computers. 6．In order to get away from the terrible situation, we should take effective (effect) measures. 7．Lisa was very frightened (fright) as she saw a figure in the darkness. 8．We should concentrate on our study now, because lost time will never return. 9．Every citizen should take responsibility to contribute to protecting (protect) the environment. Ⅲ.选词填空 pass out， get into shape， lose weight， take in， live up to， in the long term， show off 1．Many young girls of medium build tend to lose_weight to look more beautiful, which they think can help improve their confidence. 2．Failing to assume responsibility may seem like a good idea at the time, but in_the_long_term it will not benefit you. 3．I couldn't take_in the professor's lecture at all.It was too difficult for me. 4．The police said the hackers (黑客) were just looking to show_off and get as much attention as possible. 5．I will do what I can to live_up_to their expectations. 6．For anyone who wants to get_into_shape,_ rock climbing is a fun and effective way to exercise muscles. 7．It is not an easy job to pass_out the papers to so many students in such a short time. Ⅳ.多维表达 1．(完成句子)“Every coin has two sides，” the_old_saying_goes. 古语有云：凡事都有两面(有利也有弊)。 2．(完成句子)There_is_no_reason_why you shouldn't tell them that you are leaving in advance. 你没有什么理由不告诉他们你要提前走了。 3．(完成句子)You'd better get your tickets online before starting off or you'll end_up_waiting_in_line_for_three_hours_or_more. (end up) 你最好出发前在网上购票，否则你要排三个小时或更长时间的队。 4．(一句多译)他走得太慢了，不能按时到那里。 ①He walked too_slowly_to_get_there on time.(too ...to) ②He walked so_slowly_that_he_couldn't_get_there on time.(so ...that) 5．Exercise not only improves our health but also makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency. →Not_only_does_exercise_improve_our_health but also makes us cheerful and raises our learning efficiency.(升级为倒装句) Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2024·武汉调研)Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger, or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of lively shades and hues (色调) of sweet treats？If so, you are in good company. Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting, we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value. Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D. Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption recognize the impact of sensory cues (信号) on food consumption and enjoyment, and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes (方案) on taste and food enjoyment. They note that pink food on a white plate was considered sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate. Apparently, we consume food with more of our senses than we realize. So when we're faced with so many appealing food choices and given the rainbow of colors around us, is there any way to control our appetite? Thankfully, some research says yes. Oliver Genschow demonstrated that when it comes to eating less, colors impact consumption. They specifically researched the effect of the color red. They found that people ate fewer pretzels when using a red plate, as opposed to white or blue, and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup. They suggested that the color red reduces food and drink intake by functioning as a stop signal. But when it comes to healthy eating, instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues, consider the value of discipline. Healthy eating involves intentional choices, not mindless responses to sensory cues. And before you invest in much red tableware to slim down, remember that what goes onto the plates is much more important. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了颜色对人的胃口有影响，同时在文章最后一段作者就健康饮食给出了建议。 1．What may be a major reason for us to refuse eye-catching food? A．The shortage of nutrition. B．The rich color of fine foods. C．The doctor's instructions. D．Advertisements everywhere. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting ...the lack of nutritional value.”可知，人们之所以可以拒绝诱人的食物，很大的原因在于有医嘱或进食限制。 2．What might be dealt with in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption? A．Benefits of different color schemes. B．Interesting examples of food service. C．The potential to promote food consumption. D．Effects of sensory cues on eating behavior. 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food on Food Acceptance and Consumption可能涉及感官信号对饮食行为有什么影响。 3．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph? A．Follow the sensory response. B．Make food choices sensibly. C．Wear sunglasses to block colors. D．Avoid colorful food intentionally. 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，作者建议人们明智地做出食物选择。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How Can People Control Their Appetite? B．How Are People Tricked by Color Schemes? C．How Do Colors Impact Food's Appeal and Appetite? D．How Do Bright Colors Make Food More Appealing? 解析：选C　标题归纳题。文章第一段引入话题，讲述了人们可能会被颜色艳丽的食物激起食欲，后文引用研究发现并举例阐释颜色对人胃口的影响。故C项“颜色如何影响食物的吸引力和食欲”最适合作本文的标题。 B (2024·潍坊模拟)Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev say that the popular dieting strategy of serving food on smaller plates does not necessarily trick us into eating less. “Plate size doesn't matter as much as we think it does，” says Dr. Tzvi Ganel, head of the study in a media release. “Even if you're hungry and haven't eaten, or are trying to cut back on portions (份), a serving looks similar whether it fills a smaller plate or is surrounded by empty space on a larger one.” Some dieters may try eating off of smaller plates, hoping that they will feel full because the serving size appears larger on the smaller plate. This strategy is based on the classic Delboeuf illusion (错觉), which found that people seeing a black circle inside a larger circle perceived the circle to be smaller than when the same sized black circle was placed inside a smaller circle. Researchers determined that hunger seems to help with visual perception of food portions. In the experiment, participants who had eaten recently had a difficult time estimating pizza portions that were placed on larger versus smaller trays. But participants who had not eaten for at least three hours were better able to estimate portion sizes correctly. The authors remind that their results only applied to food sizes. Both groups of participants performed about the same when asked to compare sizes of black circles and hubcaps (轮毂盖) placed inside different sized circles. Study authors say the results suggest that hunger strengthens our ability to analyze and process what we are seeing. “Over the last decade, restaurants and other food businesses have been using progressively smaller dishes to adapt to the perceptual bias (偏见) that it will reduce food consumption，” says Ganel.“This study debunks that view. When people are hungry, especially when dieting, they are less likely to be fooled by the plate size, more likely to realize they are eating less and more ready to overeating later.” So don't kid yourself. Put away the Barbie plates and then grab that giant plate and dig in. Your eyes will choose the right size. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策略并不一定会使我们少吃。 5．Why do some dieters switch to smaller dishes? A．To seek an elegant lifestyle. B．To measure the serving size. C．To have the impression of being full. D．To see whether Delboeuf illusion is true. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some dieters may try ...on the smaller plate.”可知，一些节食者用较小的盘子盛食物是为了营造一种饱腹感。 6．What helps to judge food sizes accurately? A．The black color. B．The size of circles. C．The strong need for food. D．The delicious taste of food. 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，研究人员确定，饥饿似乎有助于对食物分量的视觉感知，即对食物的强烈需求有助于准确判断食物的分量。 7．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “debunks” in Paragraph 6? A．Disapproves.　　　　 B．Confirms. C．Reflects. D．Discovers. 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“When people are hungry ...to overeating later.”可知，当人们饥饿时，尤其是节食时，他们不太可能被盘子的大小所愚弄，更可能意识到自己吃得越来越少，以后可能会暴饮暴食。由此可推知，这项研究驳斥了“用小盘子盛食物时吃得会更少”这一观点，故画线词词义为“驳斥，批判”。 8．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Dieting requires smaller plates. B．Your dinner plate affects your weight. C．Eating less is a popular dieting practice. D．Smaller plates won't lead to less eating. 解析：选D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了研究发现用小盘盛食物的节食策略并不一定会使我们少吃。 课时作业(二) Ⅰ.阅读七选五 (2024·山东省实验中学模拟) How to Take to Become a Morning Person As we all know, early to bed and early to rise is beneficial to health.__1__ Here are some tips for you to take to become a morning person. ·Seek out as much natural light as possible.The secret to becoming a morning person is exposure to bright light.__2__ When you wake up, pop outside for a walk around the block, or sit out back while you sip a cup of coffee.Besides, the black-out curtains you might use to foster a very dark sleeping environment isn't recommended.If the brightness bothers you overnight, consider wearing an eye mask that you take off as you start to wake up. ·__3__ There are two ways to approach your journey to early rising.You could force yourself to get up at your desired time every day, knowing that you'll feel tired in the first few days but will naturally start falling asleep earlier within a few weeks.You can shift half an hour, wait a few days, shift another half an hour, wait a few days, and then shift another half an hour.Step by step it's easier for you to tolerate. ·Go to bed early in the evenings.A consistent bedtime isn't as crucial as sticking to the same rising time every day, but it's still important to make sure you're getting enough sleep.Most people should aim for at least seven hours a night. __4__ Cut back on how much exposure to bright light you're getting, because being exposed to artificial light in the late evening holds back your body's ability to generate melatonin (褪黑素), which can interfere with both your ability to fall asleep and your sleep quality. ·Plan something to look forward to.To motivate you out of bed, you should treat yourself to something special you can enjoy the moment you get up.For example, you won't miss your favorite coffee or pastries when your alarm goes off at 5 a．m ...__5__ A．Ease in gradually. B．Be consistent with your schedule. C．You're not fearing it if you think of these. D．The sun is the driver of our internal clock. E．Enough sleep will enhance your immune function. F．However, it really needs dramatic courage to pull yourself out of the warm bed. G．Thus, you'll probably need to inch your bedtime forward as you transition to a new schedule. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个帮助早起的建议。 1．解析：选F　上文提到早睡早起有利于健康，再结合下文“这里有一些建议可以帮助你成为一个早起的人”可知，F项“然而，把自己从温暖的被窝里拽出来真的需要巨大的勇气”承上启下，符合语境。 2．解析：选D　上文提到，早起的秘诀是将自己暴露在明亮的光线下，D项“太阳是我们生物钟的驱动者”对上文作出解释，说明暴露在阳光下是能让人早起的原因。 3．解析：选A　空处是段落主题句。根据本段内容及最后一句“一步一步来，这会变得更容易忍受”可知，本段是介绍循序渐进培养早起习惯的两个方法，故A项“逐渐适应”符合语境。 4．解析：选G　根据本段主题句“Go to bed early in the evenings.”及空前的“Most people should aim for at least seven hours a night.”可知，因为大多数人要保证每晚至少睡7小时，所以想要早起，还应该早睡，G项“因此，当你过渡到一个新的时间表时，你可能需要把你的就寝时间提前一点”符合语境，与上文形成因果关系，且呼应本段的主题。 5．解析：选C　上文提到，可以计划一些值得期待的事情来激励自己早起，如最喜欢的咖啡或糕点，这样早起就没有那么难了，故C项“想想这些，你就不会害怕早起了”承接上文，符合语境。C项中的“these”指代上文的“your favorite coffee or pastries”。 Ⅱ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·青岛模拟)Jackson, a 6th grader, was heartbroken about his grandpa's diagnosis.He and his grandfather spent a lot of time together.Grandpa taught him things like how to play golf and how to drive a boat.When Jackson found out his grandpa had been diagnosed with cancer, his world collapsed. Grandpa Rick loved styling his hair but with the chemotherapy (化疗) treatments, his hair started getting really thin.Jackson knew his grandpa felt pretty disheartened about losing his hair.So, he decided to do something to cheer him up and make him feel less alone.He couldn't make cancer go away, but he could support his grandpa during his treatments.He decided to shave his own head and told his grandpa he wouldn't be alone, and that he wouldn't be the only one losing his hair. However, at school the next day, Jackson's friends had a different attitude to his hairstyle.Some of his classmates teased him about his shaved head.At first, Jackson felt enraged at the comments, but his anger turned to sadness later on. When Jackson got home from school, without saying anything, he locked himself in his room.His mother Sue knocked at the door, asking what had happened.The door finally opened.Out he came.With disappointment on his face, he murmured，“My classmates made fun of my haircut.Nobody in this world could know my sorrow.”After saying these, he buried his face in his mother's chest and burst out crying.The mother, too, felt angry and disappointed with the kids at school. She decided to reach out to Principal (校长) Tom Hadley and tell him about her son being teased.When he returned her call, Hadley asked if she still had the clippers (理发剪) Jackson cut his hair with.Sue said “yes”， unsure of what he was going to do with this.Hadley then asked if Jackson could bring the clippers to school the next day. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 The following day, the principal organized a gathering with all students at the school.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Hadley then sat in a chair in front of all the students while Jackson shaved his head.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： The following day, the principal organized a gathering with all students at the school.He said，“Jackson shaved his head to back his grandpa who has been diagnosed with cancer.But someone laughed at him.” He then asked the students to raise their hands if they'd ever known someone with cancer.Almost everyone in the room raised their hands.Hadley continued，“It is wrong for us to judge somebody else's reaction to that, and we can do better.In standing up for Jackson and showing my support for his grandpa, I've offered to let Jackson shave my head today.” Hadley then sat in a chair in front of all the students while Jackson shaved his head.The students seemed moved.The principal ended his speech by saying：“Support each other, love each other.We're a family — that's why we're here.We're a family — that's what we do: we support each other, good times and bad.I want to see more good times than bad, but I'm here either way.”It was these touching words that all the students in the room would never forget. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$