2024年沪教牛津版英语九年级中考 第九讲 时态（一 ）讲义

第九讲 时态（一 ） 教学目标： 1. 综合应用语法：一般现在时；一般过去时；现在进行时；过去进行时 教学内容： Ⅰ 一般现在时 一．定义与讲解： 一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作或一般性事实。，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备 的性格和能力。 标志词（特征词）：never seldom rarely sometimes often usually always every+时间（day, week, month, year)等时间状语连用。 例：（1）表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 Mary's father is an English teacher. 玛丽的爸爸是一名英语老师。 （2）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 She plays sports every day. 她每天都做运动。 （3）表示客观现实。 The table has four legs.桌子有四条腿。 There are 50 students in my class. 我们班有50个学生。 （4）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言谚语等。 The sun rises in the east every day.太阳每天从东方升起。 The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 （5）表示平日的喜好。 I like bananas. We don't like vegetables. She doesn't like strawberries. 二．只有主语在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单形式”，其他人称用动词原形。 ★1. 动词三单形式的变化规则： （1）多数直接在动词词尾加-s. play --- plays like --- likes ask---asks work---works get---gets call---calls （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes do---does go---goes （3）以“辅音字母加- y”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---flies ★2. 不规则变化： be---- is have----has 三．构成： （1）主语是一(I/we).二人称(you) 及复数形式(they):人/物+ 动词原形。 例子：I/We often go to school on time every day. 否定形式: …don't+动词原形 例子：I/We don't often go to school on time every day. 提问：Do…+动词原形…? Yes,…do. No,…don't. 例子：Do you often go school on time every day? Yes, I do. No, I don't. （2）第三人称单数（he/she/it以及一个人/物）人/物+动词未尾 + “s”或“es” 例子：a. He/She usually goes to school by car every day. b. Janet/Ben has lunch at 12:00 every day. c. The cat eats a fish every day. 否定形式：…doesn't+动词原形 例子：The old man plays chess in the morning. The old man doesn't play chess in the morning. 提问： Does…+动词原形…? Yes,…does. No,…doesn't. 例子：Does the old man play chess in the morning? 肯定回答：Yes,he does. 否定回答：No, he doesn't. II. 一般过去时 一． 一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：a moment ago, just now, this morning, last year, yesterday, the day before yesterday等； 例如：①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。 ②Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。 二．一般过去时的构成 动词过去式的构成： (1) 规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则： ①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。 如：look--looked talk--talked work--worked ②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。 如：live--lived dance--danced close--closed ③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。 如：stop--stopped plan--planned ④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。 如：study-studied carry--carried (2) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。 写出下列单词的过去时。 1. put ________2. drink _______3. cry _______4. pull ________5. ride ________6.begin ________7. sit ________ 8. run _________9. take _______10.sweep _______11. stop _______ 12. solve _______13. rob ________ 14. wait _________15. lie _________16. turn _______17. explore _______18. drop _______19. clean ______ 20. produce ________21.get __________22.laugh________23.pay________24.die_________25.prefer ______ 三．一般过去时的几种句型 肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其它。 如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。 否定句结构为：主语+did not (didn't)+动词原形+其它。 如：He didn't go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。 一般过去时的一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？ 如：1) -Did you go to Beijing last week? -Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.) 2) -Did you meet the businessman before? -No, I didn't. (Yes, I did.) 一般过去时的特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其它？ 如：1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework. 2) -Where did you go last week? -I went to Shanghai with my parents. 一、用所给词的适当形式填空： 1.He______swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2.It________you are right. ( seem ) 3. The children ________ to play basketball on the playground. ( use ) 4.He______to the radio when I came in, ( listen ) 5.The bike is nice . How much ______it______? (cost) 6. When ______you ______the car ? In 1998 . ( buy ) 7.I cant find my pen . Who ______it ? ( take ) 8.He said that he ______back in five minutes . ( come ) 9.I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got there. ( leave ) 10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit ) 12.We______good friends since we met at school . （be） 13.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do) 14.We will go to the cinema if it ______fine . (be ) III. 现在进行时的构成：Be+v+ing. 助动词be的形式要根据主语的人称和数来决定。 　一．现在进行时的标志：Look! Listen! Now，at present，at this moment等词 　二．现在进行时的基本用法： a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情或当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正 在进行的动作 　　 She is doing doing homework now. 　　 Look! The girl is dancing. 　　 b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 　　 Mr. Green is writing another novel these days.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) 　三．动词-ing的变形规则 　　 1）一般情况直接加-ing。 　　 play—playing look—looking go—going 　　 2）以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing。 　　 write—writing take—taking close—closing 　　 3）重读闭音节，双写末尾的字母，再加ing。 　　 swim—swimming put—putting run—running 4) 以ie结尾的动词，把ie改为y,在加ing. die--dying lie--lying 　四． 现在进行时几种句型用法： ①、陈述句(肯定句) 　　 主语＋be(am, is, are)+现在分词，如： 　　 I am reading English.我正在读英语。 He is writing.他正在写字。　 You _____________.你正在跑步。 　 ②、一般疑问句 　　 Be(Am, Is, Are)+主语＋现在分词，如： 　　 1. -Are you singing?你正在唱歌吗？　 ________________ 是的，我在唱歌。 -(No, I'm not.不，我不在唱歌。) 　　 2. -Is he (she) listening to music?他(她)在听音乐吗？ 　　 -Yes, he (she) is.是的，他(她)在听音乐。 　　 _______________ 不，他(她)不在听音乐。 　 ③、特殊疑问句 　　 疑问词＋be (am, is, are)＋主语＋现在分词，如： 1. -What _____ you doing? 你正在干什么？ 　 -I am ______________. 我正在做作业。 　　 2. -What _____ he (she) doing? 他(她)正在干什么？ 　　 -He (She)_______________. 他(她)正在骑自行车。 ④、否定句 主语＋be　(am, is, are)＋not+现在分词 I am not reading English. 我不在读英语。 _____________________ 她不在唱歌。 (1) 写出下列动词的现在分词形式。 1、 win 2、relax 3、jump 4、make 5、have _ 6、 talk 7、tie 8、cheer 9、enjoy 10、cry 11、come 12、fit 13、meet________ 14、stop_________ 15 begin _________ （2)用所给单词的适当形式填空） 　　1.Look!The grandma ________(run)after the grandson. 　　2.Listen!The students _______(sing)an English song. 　　3.Don’t go out.It___________(rain)hard now. 　　4.Tom _______(read) a book now. 　　5.The children _________(not listen) to the music now. 　　6.Are they _______(have) breakfast now? 　　7.Is your father _________(fish) now? IV 过去进行时讲解 1、过去进行时的定义 过去进行时常表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。 ２、过去进行时的构成 过去进行时是由“be动词的过去式was/were＋现在分词”构成。 ３、过去进行时的基本句型 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 I was working Were you working? I was not working He / She / it was working. Was he / she / it  working? Yes, he / she / it was. No, he / she / it wasn’t. He / she / it was not working. We were working. Were we working? We were not working You were working Were you working? You were not working They were working Were they working? They were not working ４、过去进行时的基本用法 a. 过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作，常和表过去的时间状语连用，如： I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在做作业。 They were expecting you yesterday. 他们昨天一直在等待。 b. 过去进行时可与soon, the next moment, in minutes, minutes later等时间状语连用，表示一个新 的动作刚刚开始。如： Soon the whole town was talking about it. 不久镇上的人就都谈论起这种事了。 e. 过去进行时可表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，这时be动词was/were要重读。如： I was writing him a letter this morning and forgot all about it. 我本该今天早上给他写信的，后来全给忘了。 I was seeing her tomorrow. 我本来打算明天会见她。 He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy. 他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。 选择最佳答案填空 1.Well go swimming if the weather ______fine tomorrow. A. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be 2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing. A. was B. has been C. is D. is going to be 3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend ______back. A. came B. comes C. have come D. will come 4.By the end of last year he ______about 1500 English words. A. learns B. learned C. was learning D. had learned 5.Listen ! Someone ______in the next room . A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried 6.You must tell him the news as soon as you ______him. A. see B. sees C. will see D. is seeing 7.He told me that he ______to see us the next day. A. comes B. came C. will come D. would come 8.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he ______home. A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come 9.The teacher told us that the sun ______bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 10.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 11.We______to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have been 12.It seemed that the old man ______for something over there. A. looks B. looked C. was looking D. has looked 13.He was sure that he ______his wallet in the office . A. left B. would leave C. had left D. has left 14.You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam. A. wont B. don’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t 15. I’m afraid you can’t sit here . Sorry , I ______know. A. don’t B. wont C. cant D. didn’t 16. As she ______the newspaper , Granny ______asleep. A. read, was falling B. was reading fell C. was reading, was falling D. read , fell 17. Jim is not coming tonight. But he______ ! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 18. What’s her name? I______. A. forget B. forgot C. had forgotten D. am forgetting 5、一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 （1）一般过去式常表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态（包括过去习惯动作），常与一般 过去时连用的时间状语有just now, a moment ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), the day before yesterday及表示过去的时间状语从句。如： I was sixteen yesterday old last year. 我去年16岁。 He worked in a factory in 1986. 他1986年在一家工厂工作。 I met her in the street the day before yesterday. 前天我在街上遇见了她。 He often swam in the river when he was young. 他小时候常在河里游泳。 （2） 过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。常与之连用的时间状语有，at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…)，when sb. did sth.等时间状语从句。 What were you doing at seven p.m. yesterday? 昨天晚上七点你在干什么？ I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 她敲门时我正在做饭。 （3）一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时却表示动作在持续或未完成。如： I saw you while you were speaking to the teacher. 你在和老师谈话时我看见了你。 注意：有的过去时间状语既可用于一般过去时，也可用于过去进行时，但含义不同。如： She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚给她的朋友写了封信。（信写完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night.她昨晚一直在给她的朋友写信。（信不一定写完） 三、动词时态能力综合测试 （ ）1.He often ______his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash （ ）2.Im Chinese. Where ______from? A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming （ ）3.May______to school. A. never walks B. is never walking C. walk never D. never is walking （ ）4.We will start as soon as our teacher______ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming （ ）5.How long ago ______playing football? A. have you stopped B. had you stopped C. did you stop D. do you stop （ ）6.It______ hard when I left my house . A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. will rain （ ）7.I think this question ______to answer. A. easy B. is easy C. was easy D. will easy （ ）8. Don’t talk so loudly . Your father______. A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. had slept （ ）9.How many people does the doctor know who ______of the disease？ A. are dying B. is dying C. has died D. dies （ ）10.I______my homework now. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. had finished 1 ( 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$