2024年沪教牛津版英语九年级中考 第八讲 介词讲义

第九讲 介词 教学内容：1．介词的用法。 2．巩固练习 【知识要点】 一、 概述 介词是英语中很活跃的词，一般置于名词之前。它常和名词或名词性词语构成介词短语。同一 个介词常和不同的词语搭配形成固定搭配，表示不同意义。 二、 常用介词的基本用法 at ①表示时间：I go to school at seven every day 我每天早上7点去上学。 ②表示在某一具体地点：He is standing at the bus stop 他站在公共汽车站。 ③表示动作的方向、目标：Let me have a look at the picture 让我看看这幅图。 ④用于某些固定搭配：at once 立刻、马上 at last 最后 at the same time 同时 at first 开始时 at all 一点也不 at the beginning of......在......的初始 about ①表示大约时间：It's about six o'clock now. 现在大约6点钟了。 ②表示地点；在……周围：Everything about me is so beautiful 我周围的一切都那么美好。 ③关于，对于：We are talking about the news. 我们正在谈论新闻。 after ①在……之后：After dinner I watch TV. 晚饭后我看电视。 ②在……后面：He came into the room after me. 他在我后面进了房间。 behind ①在……之后：There is a bike behind the tree. 树后有一辆自行车 ②比……晚，迟于：The train is behind time. 火车晚点了 by ①. (表示位置)在…近旁; 在身边; 靠近 On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the fire.在寒冷的夜晚坐在炉火旁边很舒服。 ②. (表示时间)不迟于; 在…时候 Be here by four o'clock.四点钟之前到这儿。 ③. (表示方向)从…中经过 They came in by the back door.他们是由后门进来的。 ④.(表示方式)搭乘, 通过; 抓住…; 靠, 采取; 就…而论; 以…称呼方式; 以…的名义; 凭着 Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去? You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。 He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。 Man does not live by bread alone.人不能单靠面包生存。 ⑤. (表示环境)借着…光亮 They were playing cards by electric light.他们正借着灯光打牌。 ⑥. (表示关涉)经过 I go by the house every day.我每天都要从这栋房子经过。 ⑦. (表示程度, 数量)以…之差 We lost the match by one goal.我们以一分之差输了比赛。 ⑧.用于某些固定搭配：one by one 一个接一个 by the way 顺便说一句 小试牛刀： She should be back by now. ( ) As time goes by, his wound has almost recovered. ( ) She usually goes to work by bike. ( ) He is standing by the desk. ( ) for ①为，给，替：I'll make a card for my teacher. 我要给老师做张卡片。 ②由于： Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你帮我。 ③表示给（某人）用的：There is letter for you. 这儿有你一封信。 ④(表示距离)延续达, 计有：I followed him for some distance.我跟着他走了一段路程。 ⑤(表示结果)当做, 作为, 作为…的部分, 就…的条件而言 We can't accept that as a basis for a decision.我们不能同意以此为基础来做出决定。 ⑥(表示目的)为了…, 适用于 The ship sent out a message for help.船只发出求救信号。 She's the very person for the work.她最适合干这项工作。 ⑦(表示态度)支持, 赞同, 想要 Are you for the plan or against it?你支持这计划还是反对它呢? ⑧(表示比率)按…比例, 以…价格, 第…次 I bought this book for ￡3.我买这本书花了三英镑。 I met them for the second time last week.我上周第二次遇见他们。 I'm pretty angry with you for not telling me.由于你没有告诉我, 我对你很生气。 说说以下for包含的意思。 1. Fortunately for him, he can swim. ( ) 2. Let me lift that heavy box for you. ( ) 3. I followed him for a long time. ( ) 4. This knife is for cutting bread. ( ) 5. He went home for his book. ( ) 6. What’s she gone for this time? ( ) in ①在……里面： The pencil is in the desk. 铅笔在课桌里。 ②在一段时间里： We have four classes in the morning. 我们上午有四节课。 ③用，以： What's this in English? 这用英语怎么说？ ④在某一年份，季节，月份： in 2002, in spring, in January ⑤表示状态，服饰： Helen is in yellow. 海伦身穿黄色衣服。 ⑥在……方面： He is weak in English. 他的英语不行。 ⑦用于某些固定搭配： in front of 在……前面 in the end 最后 in time 及时 like ①像……样：He looks like his father. 他像他的父亲。 ②这样，那样：Don't look at me like that. 别那样看着我。 ③怎样：What's the weather like? 天气怎样。 near 靠近，在……附近： My bed is near the window. 我的床在窗户旁。 of ①的（表示所属关系）： This is a photo of my family. 这是一张我家的照片。 ②……的（用于所有格）： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。 ③表示数量（与连词连用）：One of us is from Beijing. 我们中有一个来自北京。 ④想到，谈到： I often think of them. 我常常想到他们。 ⑤用于某些固定搭配： of course 当然 because of 因为，由于 on ①在……上面：There are some apple on the tree. 树上有些苹果。 ②在（星期）天，在某天的上午（下午，晚上）： They go to English class on Sunday. 星期天他们去上英语课。 I left Beijing on the morning of May 1. 我在5月1日早上离开北京。 ③用于某些固定搭配： on duty 值日 on time 准时 over ①在……正上方：There is a lamp over the table. 桌子上方有一盏灯。 ②遍及，穿过：There is a bridge over the river. 有座桥横跨那条河。 ③超过，不止：She is a little over 2. 她两岁多了。 with 1.(表示关系)和…在一起 Would you like to go to the street with me?你愿和我一起上街吗? 2.(表示状态)具有, 带有 Many exhibits with characteristics of the Chinese art are on display. 许多具有中国艺术特色的展品陈列出来。 3.(表示方式)用, 以, 藉 The room is cooled with air conditioner.这房间用空调降温。 4.(表示对象)对…, 关于 She was always good with the unfortunate.她对不幸的人总是很友好。 5.(表示伴随)与此同时, 随着 I always rise with the bell.我总是听到铃声就起床。 6.(表示让步)虽然, 尽管 With all his abilities, he failed completely.尽管很能干, 他还是一败涂地了。 7.(表示原因)由于, 因为 She flushed with delight.她高兴得脸上通红。 8.(表示态度)支持, 赞同 Is he with us or against us?他赞成我们还是反对我们? 9.(表示态度)跟(…对抗) We are struggling with backwardness.我们在和落后现象做斗争。 三、容易混淆的介词用法区别 (1) above与below的用法及区别 above的意思是“在…之上”“高于…”，表示相对高度，不一定是在正上方，它的反义词是below。 如：The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云层上面飞行。 The Dead Sea is below sea level. 死海的海面低于海平面。 (2) over与under的用法及区别 over的意思是“在…之上”，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。 如：There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。 There is a boat under the bridge. 桥下有只船。 (3) among与between的用法及区别 between一般指“两者之间”。among用于三个或三个以上的人或物之间，或笼统的一群人或一些 物之中。 如：The house stands between two farms. 这座房子位于两个农场之间。 The house stands among farms. 这座房子位于农场之间。 (4) beside与near的用法及区别 ①beside表示“近旁”“紧靠”，相当于next to。 如：Come and sit beside me. 来坐在我的身旁。 ②near意为“在…附近”，可以表示空间、时间关系等。 如：He sits near the window. 他坐在窗户附近。 (5) in front of与in the front of的用法及区别 in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。 如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车) In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台) (6)方式介词 like像… with用… in用… by用… 方式介词：with, by, in的用法及区别 with, by, in表示工具、手段和材料时，with多指用工具，用身体的某一部位或器官；by表 示使用的方法、手段；in指使用某种语言、工具的具体类型等。 如：You can see it with your own eyes. 你可以亲自去看看。 Why don't we go there by car instead? 我们为什么不坐小汽车去呢？ She can speak it in English. 她能用英语说。 (7) 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表 示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间；表 示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体 的场所或地点。 如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨) I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床) His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上) He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院) (8) after与in表示时间的用法区别：“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时 态；“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久) 之后”,常用于将来时态。 如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿) My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来) (9) since与for表示时间的用法区别：“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”，“for +(一段斶间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态； 如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了) Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年) (10) by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个 交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者；in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with 表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。 如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路) Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章) Let's go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。) It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的) (11) about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专 题/课程)”。 如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告) They are very excited talking about the coming field trip. (他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游) (12) through与across、over的用法区别： through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”； across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 如：Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面) There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥) They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)/ The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园) (13) as与like的区别：两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作 用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。 如：Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲) Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲) (14) for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别： for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用； for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时； in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时； at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now)，用于现在进行时。 如：Please wait for a moment.(请稍等) Let's leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧！) I'll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来) I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙) (15) but的问题：用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有 do时,后面的动词要加to。 如：I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) They had no choice(选择) but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗) (16)except (for)与besides的区别：except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含；而besides“除了... 还有”则表示包含,即“不仅……又……”。 如：Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom. (除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫) Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects. (除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一) 介词专项练习 一、用适当的介词填空。 1. the first day ______ school 2. ______ the school playground 3. ______ classes 4. ______ Wednesday 5. _______ a farm 6. pull _______ carrots 7. live ________ a town 8. a lot _______ fruit trees 9. ________ the weekends 10. look _______ them 11. _______ the sitting room 12. _______ the 4th ______ November 13. _______ his help 14. _______ the school hall 15. ________ New Year 16. talk _______ his students _______ holidays 17. _______ Christmas Day 18. have a big lunch _______ my family 19. _______ Mum and Dad. 20. ______ September or October 21. dress _______ _______ costumes 22. ________ me 23. ________ his grandpa's house 24. _______ the Christmas tree 25. a book ________ holidays 26. ________ English 26. _____ to the window 27. play ________ lanterns 28. the names _______ the day 29.______my father’s car 30. get the movie ticket ______free 第一组 ( )1.I wrote ________ my brother last Saturday, but I haven't heard ________ him up to now. A.from; to B.to; of C.to; to D.to; from ( )2.(2014原创)No one can be successful ________ hard work. A.through B.for C.with D.without ( )3.The moonlight goes ________ the window and makes the room bright. A.across B.through C.over D.in ( )4.More and more young people in China celebrate Christmas Day ________ December 25th. A.at B.on C.in D.for ( )5.—Why are most children under too much pressure? —Because their parents always compare them ________ others. A.with B.by C.at D.for ( )6.I think drinking milk is good ________ our health. A.for B.in C.with D.at ( )7.—Can I join Oxfam Trail Walker?—Only if you are ________ eighteen. A.over B.on C.less D.below ( )8.Look at the wall.There are some pictures ________ it. A.in B.on C.to D.ath ( )9.We can see a playground ________ the two tall buildings. A.between B.among C.in D.to ( )10.Th e teacher is sitting ________ the desk, correcting our homework. A.in the front of B.in front C.in front of D.front of ( )11.—What time do you usually get up in the morning?—________ six o'clock. A .On B.For C.In D.At ( )12.It is very important ________ people to have food and water every day. A.for B.of C.with D.about ( )13.—When will the second class begin?—________ two minutes. A.For B.At C.In D.After ( )14.—Is Jack good at basketball?—Yes.________ basketball he is also good at table tennis. A.Except B.Besides C.But D.Beside ( )15.________ our surprise, the twin sisters went to Peking University at the same time last year. A.With B.In C.To D.At ( )16.—How do you go home every day?—________ bike.It's not far from here. A.On B.In C.With D.By ( )17.—I joined the League ________ May, 2009.What about you? —I've been a League member ________ three years. A.in; for B.on; in C.on; for D.in; since ( )18.My father has a habit of jogging ________ the river for an hour in the morning. A.between B.along C.over D.through ( )19.His grade in the exam put h im ________ the top students in his class. A.between B.over C.among D.above ( )20.The doctor will be free ________. A.10 minutes ago B.after 10 minutes C.in 10 minutes D.10 minutes 第二组 ( )1.We can be thankful every day, not just Thanksgiving Day. A.in B.on C.to D.by ( )2.Hurry if you want to be ________ for the beginning of the movie. A.at times B.in time C.all the time D.from time to time ( )3.We offered him our congratulations________ his passing the college entrance exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of ( )4.How long has this books hop been on ________ in business? A.after B.in C.from D.since ( )5.The train leaves at 6：00 p.m., so I have to be at the station________5：40 p.m. at the least. A.until B.after C.by D.around ( )6.—We're all here ________ Lily.Where's she?—She's gone to the library. A.beside B.besides C.except D.of ( )7.Who has taken my book ________ mistake? A.by B.with C.of D.for ( )8.—How is it going ?—Thanks ________ the weather, the crops grow well. A.to B.for C.with D.in ( )9.—What's the matter________ Mr.White？He is through wet.—His car ran ________ the river. A.with; into B.for; in C.with; to D.to; at ( )10.Surfing is too hard ________ me.I'm afraid nobody can learn it easily. A.on B.with C.for D.at ( )11.This board is used ________ making a box. A.to B.with C.for D.by ( )12.My father goes to work ________ his car. A.by B.in C.on D.about ( )13.—Would you like some coffee?—Yes, please.By the way, do you have any milk？I prefer coffee ________ milk. A.from B.with C.to D.for ( )14.The man ________ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show. A.in front of B.in the front of C.at the back of D.at the beginning of ( )15.She is ready to help people who are ________ trouble. A.at B.for C.in D.on ( )16.Go ________ this road and take the second turning on the left.The bookshop is on your right. A.through B.past C.across D.pass ( )17.You must write ________ a pen. A.in B.by C.with D.through ( )18.Another grand bridge will be built ________ the Pearl River in our city. A.along B.up C .on D.across ( )19.I'll leave Beijing for Guangzhou ______ a week while my brother will leave Guangzhou for Beijing ________ our National Day. A.in; in B.after; in C.after; after D.in; after ( )20.The huge picture looks more beautiful ________ the blue sky. A.against B.to C.over D.under ( )21.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In ( )22.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at ( )23.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among ( )24.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on ( )25.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days. A. after B. for C. in ( )26.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake. A. by B. for C. with ( )27.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in ( )28.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to ( )29.____ my father's help, I have finished my composition. A. Under B. On C. with ( )30.He's very strict ____ himself and he's very strict ___ his work. A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with ( )31.I really can't agree ____ you. A. to B. on C. with ( )32.The shop won't open ___ nine in the morning. A. until B. at C. during ( )33.How about ___ the flowers now? A. watering B. are watering C. watered ( )34.She spent all his money ___ books. A. in B. with C. on ( )35.They are talking ___ low voices. A. with B. in C. on ( )36.It's very kind ___ you to help us. A. for B. to C. of ( )37.What will you have ___ breakfast this morning? A. with B. for C. by ( )38.A plane is flying ____ the city. A. on B. over C. above ( )39.You are free to speak ___ the meeting. A. at B. in C. on ( )20.Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday. A. to B. on C. till ( )21.It's wrong to play jokes ___ other people. A. on B. of C. with ( )22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue ___ red. A. for B. as C. to ( )23.The student will give us a talk ___ how to use our spare time. A. for B. on C. in ( )24.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of bicycle. A. in B. for C. on ( )25.The doctor is very kind ___ his patients A. to B. on C. at ( )26.We can't live ___ air. A. in B. with C. without ( )27.The child was afraid ___ the strange sound. A. at B. for C. of ( )28.He was very angry ___ her for being late. A. for B. with C. at ( )29.“Who are you going to play ____?” “Grade Two.” A. about B. by C. against ( )30.I think it's the right way to work out the problem, but I am not sure _____ it. A. do B. about C. of ( )31.Reading ____ the sun isn't good ___ you A. under ; for B. in ; for C. in ; to ( )32.I won't ask about it, I'm going to see it ___ my own eyes. A. by B. for C. with 1 ( 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$