2024年沪教牛津版英语中考语法专项 第六讲 中考易混动词辨析讲义

第六讲 中考易混动词辨析 教学内容：1．意义相近动词的用法区别。 2．常用动词习惯用法 3．跟踪巩固练习 一．join，take part in，attend 三个词都表示"参加"Join 一般指加入"党派"或组织, 如参军，入党等take part in 只参加聚会活 动；attend 一般指出席会议。 When did you brother join the army. We'll take part in social practice during the summer vacation. He'll attend an important meeting tomorrow. 二．take place， happen 1). take place 表示发生、举行、举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种 原因或事先的安排，例如： Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years. The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing. 2). happen作发生、碰巧解，一般用于偶然或突发性事件，例如： What happened to you? (一般不说：What did you happen?) I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home. 三．hear 与listen 听者两不同hear 是瞬间行为动词，指听见某人说话或者做事发出的声音，即听的结果（指已听见 了）。 Listen 指有意识的去听，即听的过程，是延续性不及物动词，常用Listen to(doing) sth.。 比较：I listened hard, but could hear nothing.我努力听，但什么也没听见。 温馨提示：hear of, hear about, hear from, hear that 1. hear of(=hear about)指(间接地)听说、听到，宾语可用名词、代词、动名词及what从句。 如：I heard of (about)the news.我听说过此消息。 2. hear from 指收到……来信。(=get 或receive a letter from…) 如：I haven't heard from you for a long time. 3. hear that+宾语从句 如：I hear that he will come back tomorrow. 4. put about散布，传播（不实的消息） put aside（忽视，不理睬） put away（放好） put down（放下，记下） put forward（提出；建议） put off（推迟） put on（穿上） put out（扑灭；熄灭） put up（举起，张贴，增加） 1. Firefighters soon _______ _______the fire. 2. Someone’s been _______ it _______that you plan to resign. 3. They decide to _______ _______the differences. 4. The meeting is on Jan. 5th. _______ _______the date in your diary. 5. They _______ _______ a suggestion to ________ ________the meeting. 6. It’s cold outside._______ _______your coat before you go outside. 7. The flight to Guangzhou had to be ______ _______because of the heavy snow. 8.Please_______ _______ your hands if you have any questions to ask. 9.They have _______ _______the rent by 20 pounds. 10. _______ _______the clothes when you take them off. 五．take off(脱掉衣服，起飞)，take photos(照相)，take time(花费时间)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐 下)，take an active part in(积极参加)，take care of(照顾；照料)，take exercise(做运动)，take one's place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，take turn(轮流) ，talk about(谈话；交谈)，turn on(打 开电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)，turn off(关闭电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)， turn up(把 声音调高), turn down(调低音量；拒绝)，turn over(把......翻过来)，think of(认为；想起), think about(考虑), think up(想出), take it easy(放松，不紧张), take pride in(对...感到自豪) 随时练： 1)It's too cold in the lab. You'd better not ______ your coat. A. put away B. put on C. take off take away 2) －Do you know the young woman who your father is ______? －Oh, she is our new English teacher. They are _______ my English homework. A. talk about; talk to B. talk to; talk of C. talking with; talking about D. talking about; talking with 3). It's too noisy here. Please ask her to _______ the music a little. A. turn down B. fall down C. shut down D. come down 4). ________ those lights, please. Don't use too much energy. A. Take off B. Put on C. Turn off D. Turn on 5).—What do you ______ China? －I like it very much. A. think of B. think over C. think about D. think to —短语辨析和固定搭配 1.It was such a funny show that people couldn't help ____________again and again. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing 2. — It's time for the weather report. Could I _____________ the TV,Dad? —Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down 3. When you leave the reading room, you should remember to ______ the lights. A. turn on B. turn down C. turn off 4. Jimmy has sixteen broken bikes to ___ and give away to kids who don't have bikes. A. fix up B. set up C. put up 5.-- Smoking is bad for your health. --You're right. I decide to_________. A. take it down B. find it out C. turn it off D. give it up 6. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _____the radio? A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on 7. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you_____the TV a bit, please? I can't hear it clearly. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 8. Mrs. Wang always asks us to _____ conversations in the English classes． A．make up B．turn up C．end up D．look up 9. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please _____the radio? A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on 10.We should learn how to ______well with people around us. A. get along B. get down C. get to D. get up 11. —I don't think we can find a new day to work out the problem. —But we'd better not_________. A. end up B. hand out C. give up D. put out 12. ---Peter, the light in your room ________ the whole night. What were you doing? ---Oh, I was busy writing a report. A. turns on B. turned on C. is on D. was on 13. After winning the badminton championship at Wuhan Sports Center in May, the Chinese players" faces _____ with joy. A. made up B. took up C. put up D. lit up 14. Lee________ all night in order to watch the football match between France and Italy. A. put up B. stayed up C. got up D. showed up 15. It's cold outside. You'd better ______ your coat. A. put on B. take off C. put away 16. It's cold outside. You'd better ______ your coat and scarf. A. work out B. put out C. have on D. put on 17. —Excuse me, Sir. But smoking is not allowed here. —Sorry, I didn't see the sign. I'll ________ my cigarette at once. A. put out B. put away C. put up D. put off 18. Maggie wanted an evening job that would allow her to ___ her son during the day. A. look at B. look around C. look after D. look out 19. —Allen, your bedroom is in a mess? —Sorry, Mum, I'll ______my things at once. A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put up 20. Don't forget to take your bag when you _______the bus. A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off 21. Cao Wenxuan's new book has just ________ . Let's go and buy one. A. come over B. come down C. come on D. come out 22. —Don't _______ , my children. Keep working hard and you will win the match. —Thank you, Mr. Zhang. We'll try our best. A. put up B. call up C. set up D. give up 23. More and more students ____ too much homework and they are really tired of it. A. complain about B. care about C. learn about D. hear about 24.David wrote a story about teenage life, and it ____ as a book in 2003. A. went out B. came up C. grew up D. came out 25. Can go and find out when the plane to New York________ ? A. puts off B. gets off C. takes off D. breaks off 26. —Which hobby do you think ______ the least time? —Collecting stamps. A. takes up B. tidies up C. gives up D. makes up 27. -- It's time for the weather report. Could I _______ the TV, Dad? -- Go ahead, please. I also want to know about the weather for tomorrow. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn down 28. I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you _______ the TV a bit, please? I can't hear it clearly. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 29. He ______ go out with his parents, but now he ______ staying at home alone. A. used to；is used to B. is used to；used to C. use to；is used to 30. —Your sweater looks very nice. What's it made__________? —Wool, and it's made__________ Guiyang. A. from, on B. of, in C. of, on D. from, in 31. My sister is ill. I have to _______her at home. A. look at B. look up C. look after D. look for 32. —Hi, Ann! I won the first prize in the 'English Speech Contest. —Congratulations! And I guess your parents must _____ you. A. be mad at B. be proud of C. be angry with D. be impolite to 33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs_____it every day. A. practise to speak B. to practise speaking C. practise speaking 34. —I have a problem. I don't know what to do. —Let's ask Dick for help. He can _____ a good idea to solve your problem. A. think up B. give up C. hang out D. laugh at 35. Whenever I see the birds, I'll ______ flying in the sky. A. think up B. dream of C. work on D. pick up 36. Attention please. The plane will ______ in five minutes. A. take out B. take after C. take off D. take care 37.—Could you please _______the music? My baby is sleeping. —Sorry. I will do it right away. A. open up B. turn down C. drop by D. dress up 38.—Ted, Could you please ________the trash? —Of course, Mom. A. take after B. take off C. take out D. take care of 39. Don't ___________ the bus until it stops, A. turn off B. put on C. get off D. set up 40. If you love what you are doing and work hard, you will ________ anything difficult and succeed. A. get to B. get over C. get on D. get up 常用动词习惯用法 1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式） My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework. 2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事） My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone. be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday. 3. (1) be afraid of doing sth的用法 ① 担心会发生某事或某情况(但实际上未必会发生)。如： She was afraid of waking her husband. 她怕吵醒她丈夫。 I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕伤害她的感情。 注：be afraid of doing sth 表示担心会发生某事或某情况时，其后也可用be afraid that 替换。如： He was afraid of losing face.＝He was afraid (that) he'd lose face.他怕失面子。 ② 害怕做某事或不敢做某事(指缺乏勇气或害怕其后果而不敢)。如： I'm afraid of telling her. 我不敢告诉她。 He was afraid of jumping. 他不敢跳。 (2) be afraid to do sth 的用法 be afraid to do sth的意思是：害怕做某事或不敢做某事。如： He was afraid to fly in a plane. 他不敢坐飞机。 He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father.他不敢进屋去见他父亲。 6. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 He was amazed to meet the girl there. be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶 They were amazed at the news. 7. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考） e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。 I am busy with my work. 8. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来） The bus is coming/the dog is dying. 9. be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. be excited at sth Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth He was excited about passing the exam without going over books. 10. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事 Sam is frightened to ride a horse. 11. be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事 She is happy to clean the blackboard with me. be pleased to do sth高兴做某事 She was pleased to help the old man yesterday. be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意 Eg. The teacher was pleased with my answer. 12. be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣 Eg. She is interested in swimming in the river. My brother is interested in Chinese. 13. be/get ready for/to do sth be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备 Eg. We are ready for the exam. be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备 Eg. We are ready to have a birthday party for her. get ready for sth为某事在做准备 Eg. We are getting ready for the exam. get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备 13. be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉 14. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 Eg. She was surprised to find she was lost. be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇 Eg. She was surprised to find she was lost. 15. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考） Eg. The book is worth reading a second time. 16. begin to do sth begin/start to do/doing sth ( 开始去做某事 ) 17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买（供）…… At this rate, we won't be able to afford a holiday. 18. can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth 19. can't wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事 20. decide to do sth 决定去做某事 make up one's mind to do sth 下决心去做某事（常考） make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定 We decide to set off at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 21. deserve to do sth 值得/应该做…… These people deserve to make more than the minimum wage.这些人应该得到高于最低工资的报酬。 22. encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事 23. enjoy doing sth 乐意去做某事 24. expect (sb) to do sth 期望去做某事 25. fail to do sth 做某事失败 succeed doing sth 成功做了某事 26. finish doing sth 做完某事（后接动词-ing形式）（常考） 27. follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事 28. get sb to do sth /make sb do sth/let sb do sth (让某人做某事（后接动词原形）) 29. get/have a chance to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会 30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb 31. go on to do sth. 表示“接着做另一件事”，即接下去做与原来不同的一件事（常考） Eg. After they had read the text, the students went on to do the exercises读完课文后，学生们继续做练习。 go on doing sth 表示“继续不停地做某事或间断后继续做原来没有做完的事”（常考） Eg. The students went on talking and laughing all the way一路上学生们一直有说有笑。 32. hate to do sth.表示讨厌去做某事(未做) She hates to get up early this morning. hate to doing sth.是讨厌做某事 (在做) He hates getting up early on Sundays.周日时他不喜欢早起。 33. have fun (in)doing sth 做某事有趣 We had fun riding our bicycles to the beach today. 34. have difficulty (in) doing sth./have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事遇到困难 We have much difficulty (in) understanding what he says. He was having trouble hearing her. 他发现要听清楚她说话很困难。 35. have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sth done 让某物被 have sth to do 有事情要做 36. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事（后接动词原形，常考） hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事（常见） 37. help to do sth 帮忙做某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 38. hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事 wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事 39. I t seems that 这像是……（后接从句） seem to do sth seem +adj 40. It's + adj+(for sb) to do sth . It's+adj +(of sb) to do sth e.g: It's glad for him to hear the news. 41. It takes sb some time/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考） 42. pay …for… cost spend…on….. it take …to do sth 43. It's best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的 had better do sth 最好做某事（注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形） 44. It's time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了 45. keep (on)doing sth 不断地或一直做某事(动作之间略有间隔)。（常考）如： Eg. Don’t keep on asking questions like that. 不要老是问那样的问题。 keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事（常考） Eg. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考） Eg. The rain kept us from going out. 下雨使我们没法出去。 keep sb/sth +adj keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天（不要用borrow或lend） 46. learn to do sth 学做某事 learn sth from sb 向某人学习 47. like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事 like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事 48. need to do sth need doing sth/to be done need sth needn't do sth(需要做某事) 49. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿……而不愿……（常考） He preferred to die rather than become a traitor. 他宁死也不做叛徒。 prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做……胜过做…… e.g: I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。 prefer to do sth （表示特定场合下）更喜欢做某事 I prefer to get up early to prepare for tomorrow’s exam. 50. refuse to do sth 拒绝做…… 51. 1）remember doing sth. 记得做过…事(已做过) 　 remember to do sth.记住去做…事(还没做) 如：①I will remember to tell her about it. ②Don't you remember telling me the story yesterday? 2）forget doing sth. 忘记做过…事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记该做…事(还未做) 如：①I forget writing that letter. ②I forget to bring the dictionary with me. 52. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（结果） see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（正在进行中） be seen to do sth 做某事被看见 53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西（词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词） e.g: I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。 54. spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth 花费时间做某事（注意动词要用ing形式）（常考） e.g:They spent one hour swimming at the weekend. spend some money on sth/doing sth 买……花了多少钱 e.g:I spent 50 yuan on this book. 55. Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易 56. stop to do sth 停下来去某事（两件事）（常考） He watched TV for an hour． At 8 he stopped to do his homework. stop doing sth 停止做某事 （一件事）（常考） 　 He stopped watching TV at 8 o’clock. stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考） 57. take turns to do sth 轮流做…… 58. tell sb (not) to do sth 叫某人去（不要）做某事 be told to do sth 被告知不要做某事 59. There is no need (for sb) to do sth 对某人来说没必要做某事 60. There is no time (for sb ) to do sth have no time to do sth 没时间做某事 61. too…(for sb) to …太……以致不能…… so… that… not… enough to do e.g: The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。 62. try/do one's best to do sth 尽力去做某事 e.g: Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes. 请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。 try to do sth 试着（图）做某事 e.g: Why didn't you try riding a bike to go to school? 为什么不试着骑车去学校呢？ 　 I usually go there by train. -Why not _________ by boat for a change? 　 A.to try going B. trying to go 　　C.to try and go D.try going 63. used to do sth 过去常做某事( used to be + adj/a +n) e.g: Mr wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。 I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村。 64. want/would like to do sth 想做…… want/would like sb to do sth 想某人做…… feel like doing sth 喜爱做某事（注意like后接动词ing形式） 65. warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事） 66. Why don't you do sth ? Why not do sth ?( 为什么不……（表建议的句型，注意用动词原形） Why don’t you tell me that?=Why not tell me that? 表示建议的句型还有：What How about……?（如果是动词，要用ing形式） Shall we……? 67. Would you like (sb) to do sth ?Yes, I'd love to . 68. Would you mind doing sth ? 你介意做某事吗？ Would you mind closing the window? Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not . （从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了） 69. Would you please (not) do sth 你可不可以不做……？ 70. finish doing sth _______________enjoy doing sth ______________ practise doing sth ______________ be good at doing sth _________________ thank you for doing sth _________________ stop doing sth __________________ give up doing sth ______________________ mind doing sth __________________stop sb from doing sth__________________ go on doing sth__________________be busy doing sth ______________ see/hear/watch sb doing sth _________________ feel like doing sth __________________ hate doing sth _____________________ like doing sth ____________________ do well in doing sth _________________make a contribution to sth/doing sth ____________________ 1 ( 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$