2025届高考英语复习课件：强化动词之谓语动词 课件

高考英语复习 强化动词之谓语动词 1 卷别 一般现在 时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后 的被动语态 2023 新 Ⅰ 新 Ⅱ 65.wished 甲 70.be employed 乙 67.am amazed 70.means 卷别 一般现在 时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后 的被动语态 2022 新Ⅰ 60.is designed 58.were 新Ⅱ 63.threw 62.was fixing 甲 67.has walked 乙 63.addressed 浙江 63.noticed 56.be appreciated 卷别 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后 的被动语态 2021 新Ⅰ 61.was 新Ⅱ 63.was 甲 61.was built 66.hired 乙 浙江 60.was painted 65.sold 56.has proved/has proven 卷别 一般现在 时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后 的被动语态 2020 新 Ⅰ 60.are called 61.is 58.formed 新 Ⅱ 63.is 64.are encouraged Ⅰ 67.means 68.is constructed 61.touched 卷别 一般现在 时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后 的被动语态 2020 Ⅱ 62.carries Ⅲ 66.pointed 63.be chosen 浙 江 59.was needed 65.meant 61.had discovered 卷别 一般现在 时 一般过去时 现在完成时& 过去完成时 现在进行时& 过去进行时 情态动词后 的被动语态 2019 Ⅰ 70.are 65.have reported Ⅱ 64.declared 66.have made Ⅲ 65.recommended 69.were invited 浙 江 56.has/will have 62.improved 59.cycling(构 成谓语are cycling) 考向1　动词的时态 [全国卷5年29考] 1. [2023 新高考Ⅱ，65]As a little girl， I (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 2. [2022新高考Ⅱ，62]Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams. 3. [2021北京，13]When you sleep， your brain...trying to link new experiences to old memories. As it (connect) things， your brain turns them into a story， and you get a dream. 4. [2021天津3月，3]We (do) quite enough work for the morning； now let’s take a break. wished　 was fixing　 connects　 have done　 5. [2020浙江，61]By about 6 000 BC， people (discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 6. [浙江高考，56]When every pupil in the school wears the uniform， nobody ⁠ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).　 7. [全国Ⅱ，66]I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ⁠ (make) over the years. had discovered　 has/will have　 have made　 　　全国卷语法填空对于动词时态的考查涉及一般现在时(必考，5年12考)、一般过 去时(必考，5年14考)和现在完成时(常考，5年3考)；地方卷还会涉及对过去完成 时、一般将来时等时态的考查。 　　考生通常可以根据句中明显的时间标志词(如左边第5、7题)和上下文时态来判 断时态，但尤其要注意没有明显时间状语的试题。 1. [2023北京，11]Soon after moving to Switzerland， I (throw) a house- warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time. 2. [2023北京，13]Years later， having moved to France， I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner， only to find that no other guest (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit. 3. [2023浙江1月，60]The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). threw　 had arrived　 featured　 4. [2022新高考Ⅰ，58]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (be) previously unprotected， bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 5. [2022浙江，63]When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s ＂Mona Lisa＂， he (notice) her smile right away. 6. [2022北京，13]Eventually， the man (catch) up with her， and he was only trying to return her wallet！ 7. [2021新高考Ⅰ，61]You can’t help wondering how hard it (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. were　 noticed　 caught　 was　 8. [2021浙江， 65]After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861， they rented the house and (sell) most of their furniture. 9. [2020全国Ⅰ， 61]The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin . 10. [2020浙江，65]New methods (mean) that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so... 11. [全国Ⅱ， 66]I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ⁠ (make) over the years. sold　 touched　 meant　 have made　 12. [全国Ⅲ，65]Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat， shop， and visit. 13. [浙江高考，62]One study in America found that students’ grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. recommended　 improved　 考向2　动词的语态 [全国卷5年9考] 8. [2023 全国甲，70]Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 9. [2023 全国乙，67]Having visited several times over the last 10 years， I ⁠ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new， and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing. 10. [2023 浙江1月，59]Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 11. [北京高考，9]A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ⁠ (trap) in the mountains for two days. be employed　 am amazed　 were permitted　 had been trapped　 　　被动语态在全国卷语法填空中的考查主要涉及： 　　1. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态； 　　2. 情态动词后的被动语态。 　　地方卷中会涉及其他时态的被动语态。 1. [2023浙江1月，59]Citizens of higher social classes (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. 2. [2021浙江，60]Mary’s niece wrote， ＂The little home (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh...＂ 3. [2020全国Ⅲ，63]The artist was sure he would (choose)， but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister， the old man laughed. 4. [2020浙江，59]And， as more children were born， more food ⁠ (need). were permitted　 was painted　 be chosen　 was needed 5. [全国Ⅲ，69]On the last day of our week-long stay， we (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals. were invited　 考向3　主谓一致 [全国卷5年20考] 12. [2023 全国乙，70]The remarkable development of this city， which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world， (mean) there is always something new to discover here， and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 13. [2021新高考Ⅱ，63]One of the biggest companies I wrote to (be) Alaska Airlines. 14. [2020新高考Ι，60]The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms. means　 was　 are called　 15. [2020全国Ⅱ，62]This is why decorating with plants， fruits and flowers (carry) special significance. 16. [2020新高考Ⅱ，63]Because the number of possible topics (be) practically limitless， we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. 17. [2020江苏，22]If you look at all sides of the situation， you’ll find probably a solution that (suit) everyone. 18. [天津高考，8]Amy， as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. carries　 is　 suits　 was given　 　　语法填空中的主谓一致通常会与动词的时态和语态放在一起考查。近几年全国 卷除了考查代词或名词作主语时的主谓一致外，还涉及： 　　1. 非谓语动词作主语； 　　2. ＂one of＋可数名词复数＂作主语； 　　3. ＂the number of＋可数名词复数＂作主语。 　　地方卷还会涉及there be结构的考查，以及主语后接as well as或along with等短语 时谓语动词的考查情况。 1. [2023北京，16]Up to now， China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 2. [2022北京，16]Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. 3. [2020全国Ⅰ，67 & 68]＂This really excites scientists，＂Carle Pieters， a scientist at Brown University， says， ＂because it (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct).＂ 4. [全国Ⅰ， 70]Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations， three are declining， six (be) stable， one is increasing， and nine lack enough data. has established　 has　 means　 is constructed　 are　 5. [江苏高考，22]The musician along with his band members (give) ten performances in the last three months. has given　 注意 1. 情态动词通常会与被动语态一起考查。 2. 虚拟语气在近几年的全国卷中都没有考查，地方卷偶有考查在suggest， advise等后的名词性从句 中的用法。 考点一　动词的时态 　　下表为动词各种时态的形式(以do为例)，加粗的为课标要求掌握的十大时态， 其余了解即可。 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 will/shall do will/shall be doing will/shall have done will/shall have been doing 过去 将来 would/should do would/should be doing would/should have done would/should have been doing 一、一般现在时 (do/does) 1. 表示经常或习惯性的动作或状态，也可表示现时的情况或状态等。常用的时间状 语有always，usually，often，sometimes，every day等。 例1　New Year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year ⁠ (see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travels home to celebrate with their families. sees　 　　 see在此处表示＂见证＂。 2. 表示客观事实、普遍真理，不受主句的时态限制。 例2　The geography teacher told his students that the earth (move) around the sun. 3. 在时间、条件状语从句中要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 moves　 例3　My mother will be very angry with me when she (find) out I’m lying. 4. be动词及少数动作动词，如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin， open，close，end，stop，depart等，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，表示按规 定、计划或安排要发生的动作。 例4　The flight (take) off at 8：30 every Wednesday and Friday. finds　 takes　 二、一般过去时(did) 1. 表示过去某个特定时间或某段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。常与yesterday，last year，three years ago，the other day，just now，then，in 1999，at that time等时间状语连用。 例5　[2022新高考Ⅱ，63]He quickly (throw) his tools aside， and started running， arms out. 2. 在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。 threw　 例6　He knew by the time he (arrive) she would have prepared everything for him. 3. 用于虚拟语气中，表示与现在事实相反的行为或状态。 例7　Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he (do) something instead of just talking. arrived　 did　 三、一般将来时 1. ＂shall/will＋动词原形＂表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。＂will＋动词原形＂ 还可以表示说话时临时作出的决定。 How long will you stay in Shanghai？ 你将在上海待多久？ 2. ＂be going to＋动词原形＂表示按计划、打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生 某事。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。 3. ＂be to＋动词原形＂表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的 动作。 I am to pick up my friend at the airport this afternoon. 今天下午我要去机场接朋友。 4. ＂be about to＋动词原形＂表示正要或即将做某事，不与具体的表示未来的时间状 语连用。 Work is about to start on a new factory building.新厂房即将动工。 例8　A gap year is about gaining skills that (help) you in the future. will help　 四、现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 1. 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 例9　Sorry， I can’t spare time for the cleaning. I (plan) our schedule for the business trip now. 2. 某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等，可用现 在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。 A police officer is giving a lecture on how to protect us from online crime this afternoon. 一名警官下午将会做一场关于如何保护我们免遭网络犯罪的讲座。 am planning　 五、过去进行时(was/were doing) 1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有：then， at that time， at this time yesterday等。 例10　Tim (watch) Touching China on CCTV with his family at this time yesterday. 2. 表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语 从句连用。 was watching　 例11　They (advance) along the path when a stream stopped them. 3. 一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常见 动词有go，come，leave，start，arrive等。 were advancing　 例12　Tom had to pack his things up quickly， because he was told that this taxi ⁠ (leave) in 2 minutes. was leaving　 六、将来进行时(will/shall be doing) 　　表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行或持续的动作。常与at 8：00 am tomorrow， in the next two months等时间状语连用。 例13　By the time you arrive home， I (sleep) then， so please don’t make any noise. will be sleeping　 七、现在完成时(have/has done) 1. 表示过去发生并已完成的某个动作，强调对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，常与 yet， already， just， before， recently， lately， ever等时间状语连用。 例14　Thanks to advances in technology， the way we make friends and communicate with them (change) significantly. 2. 表示开始于过去、持续到现在并可能持续下去的动作或状态。常与these days， up to now， so far，＂for＋时间段＂或＂ since＋时间点＂等连用。 has changed　 例15　[2021浙江，56]It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac， but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield， Illinois， ⁠ (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. has proved/has proven　 3. 常用现在完成时的固定句型： 例16　I am not familiar with the song — it’s the first time I (hear) it. have heard　 八、过去完成时(had done) 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成或结束的动作，即＂过去的过 去＂。 例17　Before getting into the car， I thought I (learn) the instructor’s orders， but once I started the car， my mind went blank. I forgot what he (say) to me altogether. 2. 表示在过去某一时刻之前已经开始，一直持续到这一过去时刻的动作或状态。常 和for， by， until， before等构成的时间状语连用。 had learned/had learnt　 had said　 例18　In Beijing， there (be) more than 21，100 people on the list by the end of 2017 since the city started a body donation registry in 1999. had been　 例19　My parents were very anxious about me， because it was the first time that I (live) abroad alone. 4. 表示＂希望、认为、打算＂的动词(如hope， want， expect， think， mean， plan， intend等)用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现。 例20　[天津高考，2]I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage， but I couldn’t manage it. had lived　 3. 常用过去完成时的固定句型： had hoped　 九、过去将来时(would/should do) 1. 表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾 语从句和间接引语中。 例21　Margret promised that she (call) us when she went back to Washington. would call　 We were going to have a barbecue but the rain ruined our plan. 我们打算露天烧烤，但因 为下雨，计划泡汤了。 I saw the soup was about to boil over， so I turned the gas off. 我看到汤快要溢出来，所 以我关掉了煤气。 At college， Barack Obama didn’t know that he was to become the first African-American president of the United States of America. 在上大学时，贝拉克·奥巴马不知道他将成为 美国第一位非洲裔总统。 2. 三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构： 十、现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 1. 表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。常与 these days，recently，lately，in the past/last＋时间段， since＋时间点，for＋时间段 等连用。 例22　[2020天津， 2]—You are a great swimmer. —Thanks. It’s because I (practise) a lot these days. 2. 表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 We have been seeing each other quite a lot recently. 最近我们常常见面。 have been practising　 1. Impressed by the beauty of a desert beside the Yellow River， Wang Wei stopped off and (write) a timeless classic poem：＂In the vast desert rises straight， lonely smoke； the grand， long river (reflect) the round setting sun.＂ 2. Over the past decade， a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty ⁠ (mark) some significant success. 3. It was time for me to try my hand， so I took up the brush， (dip) it in the ink， and carefully wrote ＂one＂ in Chinese. 4. When we read a poem， we often imagine what the poets (think) when they wrote or what they were doing at the time. wrote　 reflects　 has marked　 dipped　 were thinking　 5. For the past four days I (take) part in a disability arts festival as a member of a choir (合唱团) set up specially to perform at this festival. Looking forward to the day of performance！ 6. By the time he was fourteen years old， Einstein (learn) advanced mathematics all by himself. 7. If we keep on doing this practice， gradually， we (learn) how to express ourselves in English better. 8. Justin apologized to his teacher and promised that he (correct) his mistakes. 9. I (expect) to attend another lecture but time didn’t permit. 10. —Hi， let’s go skating. —Sorry， I’m busy right now. I (fill) in an application form for a new job. have been taking　 had learned/had learnt　 will learn　 would correct　 had expected　 am filling　 11. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ⁠ (teach) a class at that time. 12. I believe that all your hard work today (pay) off in the future. 13. Alice (whisper) a story to her daughter in the sitting room when she heard a sharp scream. 14. Being raised in a family of teachers， I (get) plenty of chances to connect myself with literature since a young age. 15. As China’s largest panda breeding center， Chengdu (attract) tens of millions of panda lovers every year. will be teaching　 will pay　 was whispering　 have gotten　 attracts　 考点二　动词的语态 一、被动语态的构成 现在 过去 将来 一般时态 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done 进行时态 am/is/are being done was/were being done — 完成时态 has/have been done had been done will/shall have been done 例1　Due to the ideal location， Yellow Crane Tower (build) by Sun Quan as a watchtower for his army. 例2　Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea， which ⁠ (call) the Pacific， and we met no storms. 例3　The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ⁠ (reward) with success in the end. 例4　Shakespeare’s play Hamlet (adapt) for different films over the past years. 例5　After school we went to the reading room to do some reading， only to be told that it (decorate). was built　 is called will be rewarded　 has been adapted　 was being decorated　 二、无被动语态的动词(短语) 1. 不及物动词(短语)：happen， occur， take place， remain， run out， break out等。 2. 少数及物动词(短语)：lack， benefit， mean(意思是)， belong to， suffer from， date back to， consist of等。常考查其作非谓语的用法。 例6　Mrs. Smith says the secret to her beauty lies in her special diet， (consist) of organic vegetables， fruit and nuts grown in her own garden. 例7　In the sixteenth century， fruit and vegetables were to be found only in gardens (belong) to wealthy people. consisting　 belonging　 三、主动形式表被动意义 1. ＂系动词look， sound， feel， smell， taste等＋形容词/名词＂。 例8　The water (feel) cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. 2. ＂need， require， want， be worth等＋v-ing＂。 felt　 例9　My watch can’t work； it needs (repair). 例10　It’s worth (make) an appointment before you go. 3. read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的 动词，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，表示被动意义。 repairing/to be repaired　 making　 例11　The novel (sell) well， so the manager has placed another order in the printing house. sells　 1. This kind of cloth has been sold out in no time at the trade fair because it ⁠ (wash) very easily. 2. More efforts， as reported， (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. 3. The Mid-Autumn Festival is a very important traditional festival in China， which takes its name from the fact that it (celebrate) in the middle of autumn. 4. The tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. As we can see， the work is almost finished. washes　 will be made　 is celebrated　 is being restored　 5. By the time he was 30， he (regard) as one of the outstanding sculptors. 6. Our football team (defeat) by the visiting team， which made our fans sad and disappointed. 7. Dr. Manteca has made it clear that his private collections (leave) to the National Gallery after he dies. 8. Currently， about 35，000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre， and it takes a lifetime to see everything. 9. The Chinese writing system (consist) of thousands of characters， each with its own artistic structure and stroke order(笔顺). 10. It’s a pity that few students nowadays are keen on reading classics which I think are really worth (read). had been regarded　 was defeated　 will be left　 are being displayed　 consists　 reading　 考点三　主谓一致 一、语法一致原则 　　语法一致原则即主语和谓语动词在人称和单复数形式上保持一致。 1. 单个动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 例1　Although medical science has achieved control over several dangerous diseases， what worries us (be) that some of them are returning. 2. 主语后接with， along with， together with， like， except， but， besides， as well as等时，谓语动词的单复数形式与这些词前的主语保持一致。 is　 例2　The outstanding atmosphere， as well as various activities， ⁠ (draw)many students to our school these three years. 3. 定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词保持 一致。 has drawn　 例3　People in modern times can read the classic works which (write) by writers in ancient times. were written　 二、意义一致原则 主语 谓语动词 1 all， some， half， most， the rest等或由其修饰 与表达的实际意义一致 some/half/most/the rest/百分数/分数＋of＋名词 与of后名词的数一致 2 a large number of＋复数名词(许多······) 复数 the number of＋复数名词(······的数量) 单数 3 a (great/large) quantity of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词 单、复数均可/单数 (large) quantities of＋可数名词复数/不可数名词 复数 主语 谓语动词 4 ＂the＋形容词＂表示一类人 复数 ＂the＋姓氏复数＂表示一家人 5 表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等意义的复数名词 作主语时，常当作整体来看 单数 6 police，cattle等表示复数含义的有生命的集体名词 复数 7 sheep， means， series， species等单复数同形的名词 与表达的实际意义一致 主语 谓语动词 8 audience， class， team，crew， family， group， committee， population等作主语时 指一个整体 单数 指组成集体的成员 复数 9 and连接并列成分作主语时 表示不同概念 复数 指同一人或物 单数 10 many a/more than one＋单数名词 单数 and连接的两个或多个主语前面有each， every， no等修饰 例4　About three quarters of the surface of the earth (cover) by water. 例5　The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials， the rest of which ⁠ (save) for other purposes. 例6　[2020天津， 9]The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) around that level ever since. 例7　There is no doubt that every boy and every girl (wish) to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 例8　With the development of modern agriculture and industry， large quantities of waste (create) every day. Every year， a large quantity of money ⁠ (spend) on environmental protection. is covered　 were saved　 has remained　 wishes　 are created　 is spent　 例9　A survey of the opinions of experts shows that three hours of outdoor exercise a week (be) good for one’s health. 例10　So far， every possible means (try)to save the miners trapped in the coal mine. 例11　The population of our country very large and about 36 percent of it ⁠ rural residents. (be) 例12　The poet and artist (be) Lin Hua’s grandfather. He tells us a lot about Chinese literature and painting. is　 has been tried　 is　 are　 is　 　　此处诗人和艺术家指的是同一人。 例13　In the past three days， many a soldier (send) to Hebei Province to help save people trapped in the flood. 例14　In China， the young (have) great respect for the elders， because the Chinese (believe) that old people possess much more wisdom. has been sent　 have　 believe　 三、就近一致原则 1. 由either ...or...(或者······或者······)，neither ...nor...(既不······也不······，两者都不)， not only ... but also...(不但······而且······)， or (或者)， whether ...or...(是······还是······)， not ...but...(不是······而是······)等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数 形式与最靠近的名词或代词保持一致。 例15　Either you or one of your students (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 例16　Not only I but also Albert and Mary (be) fond of physics， while Robert likes maths. 2. there/here be句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最靠近的主语保持一致。 is　 are　 例17　There (be) a computer and three chairs in my new office. is　 1. He is the only one of the students that (be) a winner of the scholarship every year. 2. Over the past 3 years， more than one book about space exploration ⁠ (publish) all over the world. 3. After weeks of research， this new species (identify) as part of the sauropod(蜥脚类恐龙) family of dinosaurs. 4. The couple as well as their daughter (enjoy) themselves in the park now. is　 has been published　 is/was identified　 are enjoying　 5. Thus， both of them (be)worried about what had happened and turned to their head teacher for help. 6. My village， where the climate and the landscape (be) pleasant， lies in the mountains in southwest China. 7. The university estimates that living expenses of international students ⁠ around $8，450 a year， which a burden for many families. (be) 8. The fact is that there is only one correct answer to this question. Either you or I (be) wrong. 9. A survey shows that 80％ of the middle-aged in this city (be) in favour of the proposal for health care reform. were　 are　 are　 is　 am　 are　 10. Large quantities of food (send) to the flood-stricken victims in the past few days. 11. So far， reading (become) such an important part in my life that I can hardly imagine what life would be like without reading. 12. Every possible means (use) to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear. 13. There a number of clubs in our school and the number of members ⁠ still growing. (be) 14. What is amazing about these earth buildings (be) the fact that some of them are over 700 years old， surviving natural disasters， including earthquakes. 15. He capable of dealing with tough problems and all of us ⁠ willing to work with him. (be) have been sent　 has become　 has been used　 are　 is　 is　 is　 are　 考点四　情态动词 一、情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 用法 例句 can/could ①表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。 ②表示客观可能性，意为＂有时 会；可能＂。 ③表示推测，通常用于否定句和 疑问句中，can比could语气强。 Don’t worry yourself about me， I can take care of myself.你别担心我， 我能照顾好自己。 She can’t be Mary， because Mary is in hospital. 她不可能是玛丽，因为 玛丽住院了。 情态动词 用法 例句 may/might ①表示请求和许可，意为＂可 以＂。在疑问句中，might比may 的语气更委婉。 ②表示推测，意为＂可能＂。通 常用于肯定句和否定句中，might 比may的可能性要小一些。 —Might I go fishing with you tomorrow？ 明天我可以和你一起去钓鱼吗？ —Yes， you may/can. 是的，你可 以。 情态动词 用法 例句 shall 表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁 等。用于主语是第二人称或第三 人称的陈述句中。 Tell Jerry he shall get a gift if he behaves well. 告诉杰里，他如果表现得好，会得 到一个礼物。 情态动词 用法 例句 should ①表示责任、义务、劝告、建议 等，意为＂应该＂。 ②表示推测，意为＂按理应当， 估计＂。 ③表示意外、惊讶、忧虑、惋惜 等情绪，意为＂竟然＂。 You should learn to respect the elders. 你应该学会尊重长辈。 It’s strange (that) you should say that. 你这么说真奇怪。 情态动词 用法 例句 must ①表示义务、必要性等，意为 ＂必须＂。在回答由must引起的一般疑问句时，若为否定回答，通常用needn’t或don’t have to。 ②表示很有把握的肯定推测，通 常用于肯定句中，意为＂准是， 肯定是＂。 ③mustn’t表示＂不许，禁止＂， 是强制的命令。 —Must I hand in my paper now？我 现在必须交论文吗？ —Yes， you must./No， you needn’t (＝don’t have to). 是的，你必须。/ 不，你不必。 情态动词 用法 例句 will ①表示意愿、意志。 ②表示请求。 ③表示习惯，意为＂常常做某 事＂。 ④would/used to表示过去的习惯。 When my parents were away， my grandmother would take care of me. 我父母外出的时候，总是祖母照看 我。 情态动词 用法 例句 need 表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否 定句中， needn’t 表示＂不必＂。 对need引出的一般疑问句作肯定 回答时用must，作否定回答时用 needn’t。 My room is very clean， and I needn’t clean it today. 我的房间很干净，我 今天不需要打扫它了。 情态动词 用法 例句 dare 意为＂敢，胆敢＂，主要用于疑 问句、否定句和条件句中。 I daren’t say what I think. 我不敢说出 自己的想法。 have to 表示客观需要，意为＂必须，不 得不＂。 You have to be back before 10 o’clock because the train leaves at 10：05.你 必须在10：00前回来，因为火车 10：05发车。 二、情态动词＋have done 对过去的推测 must have done 过去一定做过······ can/could (not) have done 过去(不)可能做过······ may/might have done 过去可能做过······ 对过去情况 的后悔、遗憾 或责备 could have done 本能够做(却未做)······ should have done 本该做(却未做)······ might have done 本可以做(却未做)······ needn’t have done 本不必做(却做了)······ 例1　What a pity！ Considering his ability and experience， he could ⁠ (do) better. 例2　It’s 9：00 now. Jenny should (finish) her homework. have done　 have finished　 用适当的情态动词填空(必要时加not) 1. —I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him？ —Don’t worry. He not come. He said he wasn’t certain about his plans. 2. I ⁠ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 3. I don’t think you give up because you have been practising for so long！ 4. When he worked there， he have a walk along the river every morning. 5. You know he let us leave early if we don’t get the work done. may/might　 can’t　 should　 would　 won’t　 6. In my opinion， you leave him alone for the time being to allow him to calm down. 7. You play with the knife， or you may hurt yourself. 8. —Must I finish the job this Friday？ —No， you . You may finish it before 6：00 pm. should　 mustn’t　 needn’t　 9. It have rained last night， for the road is quite muddy. 10. Whoever breaks the school rules ⁠ surely be punished. must　 will/should/shall　 考点五　虚拟语气 一、if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 对事实的假设 if从句的谓语动词 主句的谓语动词 与现在事实 相反的假设 过去式(be用were) should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 had＋过去分词 should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实 相反的假设 过去式(be用were) were to＋动词原形 should＋动词原形 should/would/could/might＋动词原形 例1　If the new safety system (put) to use， the tragedy this morning would never have happened. had been put　 二、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气 　　有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是暗含在某些词或短语中， 或隐含在上下文中。最常用的表达有：without， or， otherwise， but for等。 例2　—Do you have Betty’s phone number？ —No. Otherwise， I (be) able to reach her yesterday. should/would/could/might have been　 三、表示＂命令、建议、要求等＂的动词或名词后的从句中的虚拟语气[(should＋) 动词原形] 1. 常见的此类动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order， command)，三建议(suggest， advise， propose)，四要求(require， request， demand， desire)。 例3　He insisted that she (be) seriously ill and that she ⁠ (send) to hospital at once. 例4　They advise that you (carry) a passport at all times. 例5　It is suggested that sunscreen (apply) every one to two hours in a sunny day. was　 (should) be sent (should) carry　 (should) be applied　 提示 1. insist作＂坚决要求，坚持＂讲时，用来表示一种要求、请求，其后的宾语从句用 虚拟语气；而insist作＂坚持认为，坚持说＂讲时，用于陈述一种看法、实情，其后 的从句用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was innocent.他坚持认为他是无辜的。 2. suggest作＂建议＂讲时，用来表示一种意见，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语 气；而suggest作＂表明，暗示＂讲时，用于陈述一种实际情况，其后的宾语从 句用陈述语气。 What he said suggested that he was a fraud. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。 2. 常见的此类名词有：advice， suggestion， proposal， request， requirement， order， demand， desire等。 例6　My suggestion was that schools (take) necessary measures to keep the children away from violence in schools. 例7　He gave the order that all the guests (greet) warmly as they arrived. (should) take　 (should) be greeted　 四、固定句式中的虚拟语气 现在 过去 将来 wish后的 宾语从句 过去式(be常 用were) had＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋动词原形 if only引 导的条件 状语从句 或感叹句 过去式(be常 用were) had＋过去分词 would/could＋动词原形 现在 过去 将来 as if/as though引导的从句 过去式(be常用were) had＋过去分词 would/could/might＋动词原形 It is (high)time that... 过去式或＂should＋动词原形＂ 例8　The pills might have helped him， if only he (take) them regularly. 例9　I wish I (climb) the Great Wall with you tomorrow， but I’m preparing for the coming exam. 例10　She is so keen on beautifying her selfies(自拍照片) that she looks as if she (be) ten years younger in the photos. had taken　 would/should/could/might climb　 were　 1. It is suggested that parents (limit) children’s screen time. 2. If the ambulance had come here sooner last night， the patient (be) alive now. 3. I wish I (be) an architect because then I would be able to design my own house. 4. They (arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. 5. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week？ If you (tell) me， I could have helped. (should) limit　 might be　 were　 would/should/could/might have arrived　 had told　 would/should/could　 6. Bob (help) us yesterday， but he was too busy. 7. The requirement is that children (allow) to read what they want to read. 8. Look at the trouble I am in！ If only I (take) your advice！ 9. It’s high time that you (get) rid of your bad eating habits. 10. What a pity！ You missed the sightseeing， or we ⁠ (have) a good time together. would/should/could/might have helped　 (should) be allowed　 had taken　 got/should get　 would/should/could/might have had　 一、单句语法填空 1. [2024上海中学模考]There (be) nine lakes in this area which vary in size and shape. 2. [2024湖南株洲二模]Leo wanted to catch the cat， but it ran away and (hide) behind the bushes in the garden. 3. [2024广东广州检测]So far， more than 500 students (sign) up for the marathon to he held next month. are　 hid　 have signed　 一 二 三 4. [2024天津滨海新区三模]It was the first time that he (visit) Xinjiang， and was amazed by the breathtaking scenery. 5. Have you ever been upset when left talking to yourself after your mobile phone battery (run) out in the middle of a call？ 6. Our school offers many optional courses this term， each of which (appeal) to many students. 7. Look！ The police (search) the woods now and surely the thief ⁠ (catch) very soon. 8. In 1997 and 2000， nine of the best-known classical gardens of Suzhou ⁠ (add) to the UNESCO World Heritage List. had visited　 runs　 appeals　 are searching　 will be caught　 were added 一 二 三 9. In recent years， much work (do) to protect our intangible cultural heritage. 10. Du Fu (consider) to be one of the greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty in China. has been done　 is considered　 一 二 三 11. [2024天津武清区开学考]— Excuse me， is the book Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell available now？ — Sorry， it (sell) so well that we don’t have any on sale. 12. [2024河南四市统考]Baduanjin (consist) of eight movements， using limbs to stimulate meridians(经脉) inside the body. 13. [2024广东深圳段考]Jim (watch) a late night film at home when the television went blank. 14. [2024河南南阳段考]I (intend) to say hello to Linda， but she got into her car and drove off before I could say a word. sells　 consists　 was watching　 had intended　 had intended to do sth.本打算做某事但未做。 一 二 三 15. [2024陕西西安质检]Only when I had another failure in my job-seeking did I realize knowledge (be) valuable. 普遍真理。 16. [2024天津二模]About 60 percent of the new students this year ⁠ from the south and the rest of them from the north and foreign countries. (be) 17. [2024江西百师联盟联考]The earliest piece of guqin in China， unearthed in Hubei province in 2016， (date) back to the Zhou Dynasty. 18. Guide dogs offer social， physical and mental benefits to some people who ⁠ blind. Training them an expensive and long process.(be) is　 are　 are　 dates　 are　 is　 一 二 三 19. Ladies and gentlemen， please turn off your cell phones and laptops. The plane ⁠ (take) off. 现在进行时表将来。 is taking　 20. The government has made it clear that those who spread rumors on purpose ⁠ (punish) severely. will be punished　 一 二 三 21. [2024福建福州开学考]Before coming to China， Mary (expect) the local buildings to be in a traditional style jut like the ones she would encounter when (watch) movies. 22. [2024福建厦门段考]The career you have decided (define) your life， and so taking time to think about it (be) an essential exercise. 23. [2024广西柳州二校联考]Beijing shadow puppetry(皮影戏) ⁠ (experience) a long period of formation and now (feature) unique performance methods. feature v.以······为特色。 expected　 watching　 defines　 is　 has experienced features　 一 二 三 24. They (have) a traffic jam on their way to school and what made it worse (be) that it began to rain. 主语从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 25. I advised that he (send) to the hospital at once， but he insisted that he (feel) quite well then. 虚拟语气；insist在此意为＂坚持说＂。 26. The earliest woodblock printing (invent) during the Tang Dynasty. Although we (enter) the digital age， woodblock printing remains a crucial milestone in the printing technology. had　 was　 (should) be sent　 felt　 was invented　 have entered　 一 二 三 二、语篇语法填空 　　[2024江苏校际联考]Ancient Chinese healing methods 1　　　　(spread) along the Silk Road for over two millennia， but the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has further boosted the internationalization of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Currently celebrating its 10th anniversary， the BRI， 2　　　　 aims to better connect the world and promote common prosperity， has brought the healing power of TCM 3　　　　 more countries and regions， bridging different cultures and encouraging international cooperation. 一 二 三 In Budapest， the Qihuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Center of Hungary (Qihuang Center) provides 4　　　　 ray of hope for patients seeking relief from various health issues. One such patient is Jozsef Frenyo， a 78-year-old 5　　　　(retire) teacher who suffered from hearing impairment due to an inflammation(发炎) of the middle ear five years ago. Since then， he had to use a hearing aid — until he visited the Qihuang Center two months ago when a ＂miracle＂ 6　　　　(occur). After 7　　　　(receive) more than 10 acupuncture treatments by TCM expert Zhang Haifang， from northwest China’s Gansu Province， Jozsef’s hearing improved 8　　　　(significant). He no longer needs the hearing aid. 一 二 三 The center has also helped Jozsef’s son， Csaba Frenyo， who has been struggling with obesity-related health 9　　　　(issue). A combination of acupuncture and herbal medicine treatments helped him lose nine kilograms within a month， easing 10　　　(he) back and knee pains. 　　中国古代的治疗方法已经沿着丝绸之路传播了两千多年，但＂一带一路＂倡议(BRI)进一步推动了中医药的国际化。 一 二 三 1. ⁠ [解析]　时态。句意：中国古代的治疗方法已经沿着丝绸之路传播了两千多年， 但＂一带一路＂倡议(BRI)进一步推动了中医药的国际化。分析句子可知，空处作谓 语动词，由时间状语for over two millennia可知，此处应用现在完成时，也可使用现 在完成进行时强调＂传播＂这一动作一直持续到现在。故填have spread/have been spreading。 have spread/have been spreading　 一 二 三 2. ⁠ [解析]　定语从句。句意：今年是＂一带一路＂倡议提出10周年，＂一带一路＂倡 议以更好地连接世界、促进共同繁荣为宗旨，将中医药治病的力量带到更多国家和 地区，消除了不同文化之间的隔阂，促进了国际合作。分析句子可知，空处引导非 限制性定语从句，指物，且在从句中作主语。故填which。 which　 3. ⁠ [解析]　介词。此处为动词短语bring...to...＂把······带到······＂。故填to。 to　 4. ⁠ [解析]　冠词。句意：在布达佩斯，匈牙利岐黄中医药中心(岐黄中心)为那些寻求缓 解各种健康问题的患者带来了一线希望。a ray of hope＂一线希望＂。故填a。 a　 一 二 三 5. ⁠ [解析]　形容词。句意：一位78岁的退休教师Jozsef Frenyo就是这样一个病人，他五 年前因为中耳发炎而听力受损。由空后名词teacher可知，此处应填形容词retired ＂退休的＂作定语。故填retired。 retired　 6. ⁠ [解析]　时态。句意：从那以后，他不得不使用助听器——直到两个月前他来到岐 黄中心，一个＂奇迹＂发生了。分析句子可知，空处作when引导的时间状语从句中 的谓语动词，由句中动词visited可知，句子使用一般过去时。故填occurred。 occurred　 一 二 三 7. ⁠ [解析]　非谓语动词。句意：来自中国西北部甘肃省的中医药专家张海芳给他做了 十几次针灸治疗后，Jozsef的听力有了明显好转。由空前介词After可知，空处应填 receive的v-ing形式作宾语。故填receiving。 receiving　 8. ⁠ [解析]　副词。此处应填significant的副词形式作状语，修饰动词improved。故填 significantly。 significantly　 一 二 三 9. ⁠ [解析]　名词复数。句意：Jozsef的儿子Csaba Frenyo一直在与肥胖相关的健康问题 作斗争，该中心也帮助了他。issue作＂问题＂讲时为可数名词，且此处指多种健康 问题，应用名词复数形式。故填issues。 issues　 10. ⁠ [解析]　代词。句意：针灸和草药治疗的结合帮助他在一个月内减掉了9千克，缓解 了他背部和膝盖的疼痛。此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语back and knee pains。故填his。 his　 一 二 三 三、写作运用 　　现你校英语报组织征文比赛，请以＂我心中最伟大的科学家＂为题，写一篇英 语短文参赛。内容包括： 　　1. 人物简介； 2.人物事迹； 3.人物精神。 一 二 三 The Greatest Scientist in My Heart 　　Madame Curie was a world-famous woman scientist， who was born into a teacher’s family in Poland in 1867 and died in 1934.She  　1 ⁠ (从小就对科学感兴趣). She finished middle school at the age of 16 and entered the University of Paris at 24. In Paris she  　2 (过着非 常简单的生活) and studied very hard. Madame Curie devoted her whole life to the study of science. She won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911.It is not easy for a woman to succeed in her field.  　3 ⁠ (一个女人一生中要获得两次诺贝尔奖就更难了). So Madame Curie  　4 (作为一位伟大 的女性将永远被人们铭记). had been interested in science since childhood lived a very simple life It is even more difficult for a woman to win the Nobel Prize twice in her life will be remembered forever as a great woman 一 二 三 $$