2024年沪教牛津版英语中考复习 第五讲 动词分类导学案

第五讲 动词分类导学案 教学目标:1. 动词的分类 2. 各类动词的用法详讲 教学重点:能够掌握各类动词的用法 教学难点:能够正确应用各类动词的用法 教学内容: (一)动词的种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词,按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词,连系动词,助动词 和情态动词。 1.行为动词 行为动词可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单 独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能 直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。 如:More and more people study English.(vt.) The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi.) 1.) 及物动词和不及物动词 根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语,可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型: A. 能接宾语的动词称为及物动词,可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾 语(即宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词等。 例如: My brother is flying the kite on the playground. 我的弟弟正在操场上放风筝。(fly后跟单宾语kite) My mother gives me a new bike as the birthday present. 我妈妈给我一辆新自行车作为生日礼物。(give后跟双宾语me和a new bike) The teacher made his students happy by doing some games. 老师通过做游戏使得学生高兴。(made后跟宾语his students和宾语补足语happy) 注意1:有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类 词有bring、give、hand、 pass、pay、post、return、sell、show、teach、tell、throw、lend等。 例如:Hand me that book, please. = Hand that book to me, please. 请递给我那本书。 有些双宾语动词间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)后时,间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有 buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order等。 例如:My mom bought me a nice backpack. = My mom bought a nice backpack for me. 我妈妈为我买了一个好看的书包。 注意2:及物动词有被动语态形式。 例如:A little girl opened the door. 一个小女孩打开了门。(主动语态) The door was opened by a little girl. 门被一个小姑娘打开了。(被动语态) B. 不及物动词一般不可以接宾语,但是有时和介词或副词一起使用,可以接宾语。 例如:The little boy runs quickly. 这个小孩子快速地跑了。 We arrived at the station at five. 我们五点到达了车站。 C. 大多数动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。 常用的此类动词有open、close、 start、change、drive、play、meet、win、study等。例如: The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。(turn是及物动词) She turned and walked back to the classroom. 她转过身走回教室。(turn是不及物动词) 1. Mr. Smith’s plane _ . Let’s wait for him here . A. hasn’t arrived B. didn’t arrive C. doesn’t arrive D. couldn’t arrive 2. It’s six o’clock now . It’s time _ . A. get up B. got up C. to get up D. getting up 3. Jane _ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai . A. buys B. is buying C. bought D. will buy 4. The flowers start to _ in spring . A. come in B. come out C. come form D. come 5. — Who jumps the farthest in your school ?— Henry _ . A. does B. jumps C. has D. is 6. You were on the farm yesterday , _ you ? A. didn’t B. don’t C. aren’t D. weren’t 7. The girl enjoys _ to the radio very much . A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listened 8. Mr. King _ in Beijing since 1980 . He teaches English in a middle school . A. lives B. is living C. lived D. has lived 2. 连系动词 连系动词也称为系动词,用于连接主语和表语,表示主语身份、性质、状态。连系动词有一定词 义,但不完整,不能单独做谓语,必须和表语连用,构成系表结构。 例如:You are a teacher, but not a good one. 你是一个老师,但不是好老师。 We feel very happy when we know it. 当我们知道这个的时候,我们都非常高兴。 英语经常用到的连系动词有: (1) 状态连系动词:表示主语的状态、性质、身份。常用的有be。 My father is very strong. 我的爸爸非常强壮。 (2) 表象连系动词:用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。 常见的有 appear(看起来),seem(看似),look(看起来)。 Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 你妈妈比我想象得年轻多了。 He seems (to be) very sad 她看起来很伤心。 (3) 感官连系动词: 常用的有feel(摸起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),look(看起来)。 The milk tastes a little sour. 这牛奶品尝起来有点酸。 The news sounds exciting.这个新闻让人兴奋不已。 (4) 转变或结果连系动词:become(变为),get(成为),grow(长得),turn(变得),go(变得)等。 Our village is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的村庄正在变得越来越漂亮。 (5) 使役动词:let,have,make 使,让… 1) let /make somebody do sth The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school. 2) make sb/sth adj. The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful. 3) have somebody do sth 让某人做某事 have sth. done 让某物被做 My mother has me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed. 1. Almost all the water _ gone . Please save water ! A. are B. is C. have D. were 2. Mr. Li is out . But he _ here ten minutes ago. A. was B. is C. will be D. would be 3. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began . A. is B. was C. are D. were 4. There _ some milk in the glass . A. is B. are C. have D. Has 5. Both Kate and I _ ready for the picnic now . A. is not B. is getting C. are getting D. am getting 3. 助动词 助动词本身没有词意,或者意义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语, 帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有:be,do,have等。例如: Don't be late for class next time. 下次上课不要再迟到了。 I have already finished my homework.我已经做完我的作业了。 助动词do(does, did) 的详细的用法 (1)构成疑问句或否定句 (How) did you know ? He does not smoke. (2)加强语气。 He did tell that. Do come and see us. (3)代替前面刚出现的动词,避免重复。 -You like popular music, don't you? -Yes , I do. He speaks French as fluently as she does. (4)用于倒装句中。 Never did he pay attention to my words. Only then did I understand the importance of English. (5)构成否定的祈使句。 Don't be so careless. Do not hesitate to come for help. 1. Li Ping studied hard , _ he ? A. was B. did C. wasn’t D. didn’t 2. I _ a letter from him since he left . A. didn’t receive B. haven’t got C. didn’t have D. haven’t heard 3. Miss Gao isn‟t here . She _ to the station to meet Mr. Brown . A. went B. has gone C. has been D. would go 4. —I have bought an English-Chinese dictionary . —When and where _ you _ it ? A. do buy B. did buy C. have bought D. will buy 5.—My good friend Mike wants to be a soldier when he grows up . —So _ I . A. do B. am C. will D. should 6.—Hi , Kate . —Hi , Mary . I _ you were here . A. don‟t know B. don‟t think C. think D. didn‟t know 4. 情态动词 情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词连用作谓语,表示 说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有:can,may,must,need,would,could,might,dare 等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面: (1) 含must的一般疑问句,肯定回答仍用must,否定回答则用needn't或don't have to,表示“不 必”。一般不能用mustn't,因为mustn't表示“不可以、禁止”,语气很强。例如: —Must I finish my homework now? 我必须现在完成作业吗?—No, you needn't. 不,不必要。 (2) may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn't。例如: —May I smoke here? 我可以在这里吸烟吗?—No, you mustn't. 不,不可以。 (3) 表示可能性或推测时,can多用于否定句或疑问句,cannot表示“不可能”;may多用于陈述 句,may not表示“可能不”;must只用于肯定句,表示“一定、准是”。例如: You may be right or may not be right. 你可能对也可能不对。 The news can't be true. 这消息不可能是真的。 She must be angry. 她一定是生气了。 (4) need用作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句,表示“需要”,也可以作实义动词, 后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must。 You needn't come if you are busy. 如果忙,你就不必来了。(情态动词) —Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗? —No, you needn't. / Yes, you must. 不,没必要。/ 是的,你必须来。(情态动词) He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一会。(实义动词) (5) used to 表示“过去常常”,现在并不如此了。常与过去的时间状语连用,否定形式是usen't to 或don't use to。一般疑问句将used提前或用“Did … use to …?” We used to go there every year. 我们过去每年去那儿。 (6) have to的意思接近must,但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性, 常译成“不得不“。have to可以用于多种时态,其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。 Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了吗? You don't have to get up early. 你没有必要早起。 (7) be able to表示具体的能力,与can用法相近,can只有一般现在时和一般过去时,be able to 可 用更多的时态。was / were able to侧重又能力而且成功地做成了某事,而could只表示过去具备 某种能力。 The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难,但我做出来了。 1. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't 2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? -No, you _. A. needn't B. mustn't C. don't D. may not 3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon? -Sorry, I can't. I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. A. can B. may C. would D. have to 4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum? -Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 o'clock. A. can B. may C. must D. need 5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. needn't be thrown B. mustn't be thrown C. can't throw D. may not throw 6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad? -No, you _. You must finish your homework first. A. mustn't B. may not C. couldn't D. needn't 7. _ you be happy! A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May 8. -Mum, may I watch TV now? -Sure, but you _ help me with my housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could 9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _ speak it after calss. A. could B. didn't have to C. might D. shouldn't 10. John _ go there with us tonight, but he isn't very sure about it. A. must B. can C. will D. may 11. Even the top students in our class can't work out this problem. So it _ be very difficult. A. can B. may C. must D. need 12. It's still early. You _. A.mustn't hurry B. wouldn't hurry C. may not hurry D. don't have to hurry 13. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. might not 14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? - Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should 15. _ I know your name? A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must 16. I _ like to know where you were born. A. shall B. should C. do D. may 常见易混动词短语辨析 1. used to do sth.;be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth.的区别 辨析:①used to do sth.表示过去常常做某事. e.g. I used to get up at six in the mornin ②be used to doing.表示习惯做某事,to 后的动词用-ing形式 e.g. I'm used to getting up early. ③be used to do sth. 指被用来做什么。 e.g. Pens are used to write. 2. arrive, get 和reach的区别 辨析arrive in +大地点,arrive at+小地点,get to+地点名词,reach是及物动词,后面直接跟地点名词。 e.g. When did you arrive in Beijing? We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon. How do you usually get to school? When she reached the office, the teacher was having a short rest. 3. borrow , lend和keep的区别 borrow"借",为终止性动词,表示主语"借入"某物,常用短语borrow sth. from sb. lend"借",为终止性动词,表示主语"借出"某物,常用短语lend sth. to sb。keep "保存,借",为持续性动词,表示"长时间地借" e.g. I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday. Could you lend your pen to me? How long can we keep the book? 4.dress, put on, 和wear的区别 dress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress sb.up打扮某人;put on 穿上,戴上,表动作;wear 穿着,戴着,表状态;与"be in"同义 e.g. The boy dressed himself quickly. The lady dressed herself up and went to the party. Jim put on his coat and went out. Lily is wearing a red skirt today. 5. see, look, watch, read see 看见,看电影,表结果; look看,表动作,不及物动词,后面需加介词at才可能跟宾语。 watch 看(比赛,电视); read 看书,报,表示阅读 e.g. I can see an apple on the table. Look, there is a kite flying in the sky. Watching TV too much is bad for your health. Don't read books in the sun. 6.bring, take, carry, bring意为"拿来,带来",表示"拿到靠说话人近的地方";take意为"拿走,带走",表示"拿到远离说话人远的地方";carry 意为"扛,搬",用力移动,没有方向性, e.g. Please take the books to the classroom. Remember to bring your home work to school tomorrow. The bag is very heavy, please carry it to my office. 7.die, dead, death,和dying的区别 die 意为"死",是不及物动词,非延续性动词; dead 意为"死的",是形容词,表状态; death 意为"死",是名词; dying意为"垂死的,要死的",是形容词。 e.g. Her grandfather died last year. Her grandfather has been dead for two years. His death was a great loss to China. The poor old man was dying. 8.speak, say, talk 和tell 的区别 speak 作为及物动词表示语言的名词或只在会议上发言; say 常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容; talk 是不及物动词,常跟介词to 或with,意为"同某人谈话",也表示具有说话的能力; tell 意为"告诉"并常与story连用,意为"讲故事" 9. spend,take,pay,cost这几个词都有“花费”意思,从主语来看,take,cost的主语是物; 而pay,spend 主语是人。 spend 只花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.;cost 物做主语,意为"值多少钱" take 可用固定句型表示花费时间、金钱,其结构为:It +takes+时间/金钱+to do sth, pay 与介词for 连用 They spent two years (in)building the bridge. A new computer cost a lot of money. It took them two years to build the bridge. I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 10.look for,find,find out look for,find两个词都有找的意思。look for强调寻找的过程,find强调寻找的结果。find out的意 思是“弄清楚,查明”,多指通过观察,探索而发现原因事实等。例: I am looking for my pen,but I can’t find it. Go and find out where the train leaves. 11.listen to,hear listen to 和hear都有"听"的意思。Listen为不及物动词,与to构成固定搭配,强调听的动作;hear 强调听的结果。 12. hung, hanged 两个词同为hang过去分词,hung意为"悬挂",而hanged意为"绞死"。 13. lose,fail,beat,win lose"输给某人"lose to sb;Fail "失败"; beat"打败 beat sb.或某支队伍 win "赢得",如何赢得荣誉,比赛,地位等。宾语是match,game等。 14.lose,forget,leave lose意为"丢失,失去"; forget"忘记"后可跟不定式和动名词 leave sth. +地点"把某物落在某处 I lost my watch. I forgot your name. He left his schoolbag in the school bus this moring. 15. think of, think about, think over think of "想到…";Think about "考虑"宾语it或them置后Think over "仔细考虑",宾语it或them 放在中间,一般指考虑问题。 I couldn’t think of the name of that man anyhow. They’re thinking about buying a new car. Think it over, and you’ll find a way. ( ) 1. - How long may I _ your book?-For a week. But you musn't _ it to others. A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow ( ) 2. It won't _ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai. A. spend B. use C. take D. pay ( ) 3. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustn't be B. may not C. can't D. needn't ( ) 4. –Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata? -Yes, it _ really beautiful. A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears ( ) 5. Lily finished _ the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( ) 6. Mrs Brown isn't here. She has to _ her baby at home. A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after ( ) 7. I have to go now. please remember to _ the lights when you leave. A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on ( ) 8. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't ( ) 9. –It's too hot. Would you mind _ the door? - _. Please do it now. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea ( ) 10. I want to _ this book for a month. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. get ( ) 11. –How many times _ you _ to Beijing this year? -Three times. A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone ( ) 12. What a nice bag! But she _ only thirty dollars for it. A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid ( ) 13. Cotton _ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels ( ) 14. I think this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you _ me? A. play with B. hear of C. agree with D. get on well with ( ) 15. –Guess who is coming to supper. – I don't know. _ me. A. Speak B. Say C. Tell D. Tell ( ) 16. Please _ your phones here with you tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. carry D. lift ( ) 17. Don't _ your lessons. We'll help you. A. worry B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid ( ) 18. The window is broken. Try to _ who broke it. A. find out B. find C. look D. look for ( ) 19. He could _ neither French nor German. So I _ with him in English. A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked ( ) 20. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _ for me? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up ( ) 21. If you don't know a word, you must _ the word in a dictionary. A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out ( ) 22. It's time for class. We'd better _. A. stop to talk B. to stop to talk C. stop talking D. to stop talking ( ) 23. There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _ around, but she _ nothing. A. looked; saw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find ( ) 24. The woman _ the child quickly and took him to hospital. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. was wearing ( ) 25. –Oh, you painted the walls yourself? -Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didn't _much. A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay ( ) 26. -_ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. –OK, Mum. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away ( ) 27. Yuki loves wearing strange hats because she wants people to _ her. A. believe B. control C. notice D. visit ( ) 28. _! It's the music of Mozart. Be quiet. A. Hear B. Sound C. Sing D. Listen 1 ( 6 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$