2025年牛津译林版中考英语复习语法专题--宾语从句（讲练结合）

宾语从句 【知识梳理一】宾语从句的概念、结构和类别 1.概念: 当宾语是由一个句子在充当时,这个句子就叫宾语从句。常置于动词、介词等后面起宾语作用 I know Mr Li teaches English. (句子作宾语） She asked if the answer was right. (句子作宾语） 2. 结构：主句 + 连接词（引导词）+ 宾语从句 如： I love what you gave me. 从句 主句 连接词 3. 类别 一、动词宾语从句（大多数动词或者动词短语后接宾语） I know what he wants to do. 二、介词宾语从句 （介词后的宾语为从句） We are talking about who should go there. 三、形容词宾语从句（常用形容词:glad,pleased,sure,sorry, afarid,） I am sure I will pass the exam. 【巩固练习】画出下面句子的宾语或宾语从句 1. Tom succeeded in passing the important exam. 2. We are talking about where we are going. 3. I wonder if I may have a word with you. 4. I’m sorry that I can’t play basketball with you tonight. 【知识梳理二】宾语从句的连接词 考点一：由that，if或whether引导的宾语从句 在复合句中，充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 一、由that引导的宾语从句 1. that可以引导宾语从句，此时从句部分相当于一个陈述句。that无词义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。宾语从句可跟在主句动词（know，think，believe，hope，mean，wish，say等）或主句形容词（afraid，certain，sure，glad，sorry 等）之后。 I believe (that) you are a person of god character. 我认为你是一个具有优秀品质的人。 I hope (that) she will become a wonderful woman just like her mother.我希望她将成为一个像她母亲一样了不起的女性。 I am afraid (that) I will lose this important match. 恐怕我会输掉这场重要的比赛。 I am glad (that) you can come for dinner. 我很开心你能来吃晚餐。 【特别提醒】在以下情况下，that不可省略。 A.当宾语从句的主语是 that 时。 He says that is a real golden necklace. 他说那是一条真的黄金项链。 B.当宾语从句前有插入语时。 He says, for example, he is interested in Maths. 他说，例如他对数学感兴趣。 C.当宾语从句为主从复合句时 I’m afraid if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it. D.当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可以省略外，其余从句中的that都不可以省略。 He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much. 2. 由 that 引导的宾语从句的否定形式 当主句的主语是第一人称（I，we），而且谓语动词是think，guess，believe，suppose, expect等时，如果从句要表达否定含义，则否定只能体现在主句的谓语动词上面，这种情况叫作否定前移。 I don’t think (that) the girl can do the work alone. 我认为这个女孩自己做不了这份工作。 I don’t believe (that) he refused the invitation. 我相信他没有拒绝邀请。 2、 由if或whether引导的宾语从句 1. 当从句部分是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，常用if或whether引导宾语从句，if/whether意为＂是否＂。后接if/whether的常见词有：ask/want to know/wonder/doubt/I’m not sure。 He asked me if/whether I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 Could you tell me if/whether he knows her address? 你能告诉我他是否知道她的地址吗? 2. if或whether引导宾语从句时，要注意三个方面，即连词、语序和时态。 (1) if或whether引导宾语从句时，虽具有疑问的意义，但其从句应用陈述句的语序。 Did you know the way to the hospital?　 The old woman asked me. →The old woman asked me if / whether I knew the way to the hospital.老妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。 (2) if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主句为一般现在时，从句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时，从句则用过去时中的任一种时态。 I don’t know if (whether) he has come here. 我不知道他是否来过这儿。 Tom asked if (whether) I had read the book. 汤姆问我是否看过这本书。 (3) 一般情况下，if和whether可互换，在口语中多用if， 而在以下几种情况下，只能用whether A.与or not直接连用时，只能用whether，不能用if。 Nobody knows whether or not it will rain tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否会下雨。 B.在介词后只能用whether，不能用if。 The boy worries about whether he has hurt his mothers heart.男孩担心他是否伤了妈妈的心。 C.在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。 I can’t decide whether to go or to stay. 我不能决定是走是留。 D.作discus等词的宾语时，只能用whether不能用if。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. 我们讨论是否该关闭那家商店。 常用口诀：前有介词狼，后有to do 虎，句中句末有not ,只能用whether. 【例题精讲】 1.— You look so worried, James. What happened? — I’m still thinking ______ I can pass the exam or not. A. though B. whether C. unless D. until 2.— I don’t care of __________he is handsome. A. why B. whether C.if D. who 3.—Do you know if Tom____________to play baseball with us? —He will come if he___________time tomorrow. A. comes;has B. comes;will have C. will come;has D. will come;will have BBC 考点二：连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 1. 特殊疑问句作宾语从句可由连接代词what/who/whom/whose/which等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,因此不能省略。 【精讲】e.g.Do you know who will come this afternoon? (作主语)你知道今天下午谁会来吗? e.g.Did you hear what she said?(作宾语)你听见她说什么了吗? e.g.I don't know whose that is.(作表语)我不知道那是谁的。 e.g.Could you tell me which bus we have to take?(作bus的定语) 你能告诉我我们得坐哪路公共汽车吗? 【例题精讲】 1.Everyone can play an important part in society. As members，we should try our best to do _______. A.what we should do B.what should we do C.how we should do D.how should we do A 2. 特殊疑问句作宾语从句也可由连接副词when/where/how/why等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。含有how的疑问词组也可引导宾语从句，主要有how old/ how many how much how often 等。 【精讲】e.g.We didn't know when she would come back.我们不知道她什么时候回来。 e.g.Can you tell me how I get to the post office?你能告诉我怎样到达邮局吗? e.g.Do you know how old he is?你知道他多大吗? 【例题精讲】 1.The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand _____ they insist on going by motorbike. A. why B. whether C. when D. how 2.—Do you know ________? I'm going to see him. —Sorry, I don't know. A.where does Mr. Li live B.where did Mr. Li live C.where Mr. Li lives D.where Mr. Li lived A C 3. 连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时，若从句的主语与主句的主语(或主句的间接宾语)相同，则可用“连接代词连接副词+动词不定式”的结构代替宾语从句。 【精讲】e.g.I can't decide what I should buy for my daughter. =I can't decide what to buy for my daughter. 我不能决定该给我女儿买什么。 I want to know how I get there. =I want to know how to get there. 我想知道怎样去那里。 巩固练习 一. 合适的连接词填空。 1. Jim told me ____ he didn’t go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom） 3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if） 4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who） 5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon） 6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether) 7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if) 8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what) 9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why) 10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)[来源:Zxxk.Com] 【答案】1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what 二. 句型转换 1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→ Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） → I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea. 3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） → Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy. 4. I don't know how I can get to he hospital.（改为简单句） → I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital. 5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句) 【答案】1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they 【知识梳理三】宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序,即主语在前谓语在后,即使宾语从句本身是疑问句,也要将其变成陈述句语序。 例1. I heard (that) he won a prize. 例2. They don’t know where he is. 如果what’s wrong / what’s the matter在句中充当宾语从句,语序不变。如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语,其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变。 例1. I want to know what’s wrong with you. 例2. She doesn’t know what’s the matter with him. 例3. Jack didn’t know what happened. 【例题精讲】 例1.–Could you tell me ______ ? –We lost the game, but we are still able to go to Australia. A. where the China National team would play against Iraq B. whether we won the soccer game against Iraq C. when he saw the soccer game between PRC and Iraq D. why he didn’t watch the soccer game 例2.— Could you tell us _______? — About five minutes. A. how soon will the film end B. how long has the film begun C. how soon the film has ended D. how long the film has been on BD 【知识梳理4】宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时）,从句的时态根据实际情况而定。 例1. She knows (that) her parents will arrive in Nanjing tomorrow. 例2. I know (that) he lived here five years ago. 例3. We have heard (that) she practises dancing every day. 例4. I am looking for where my purse is. 2. 如果主句是过去时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时）,那么从句要用相应的过去的具体状态。时态变化的规律如下表： 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时（不变） 一般将来时 过去将来时 例1. I didn’t know (that) he would come. 例2. Miss Li told us (that) she had seen the film. 例3. I saw (that) she was talking with her mother. 注意如果主句中出现could you/would you, 这些不是过去时,而只是表示委婉语气,用法视为一般现在时,所以从句依具体时态而定。 3.当从句是客观真理、定义、公理或定理时,不论主句是何种时态,从句都用一般现在时。 例1. The teacher told us (that) the earth travels around the sun. 例2. She said (that) two plus three is five. 口诀:主现从不限，主过从必过，真理永一现。 【例题精讲】 例1.—Do you know______tomorrow? —At 8 o’clock. A. when did she come B. when she came C. when will she come D. when she will come 例2.—How do you plan to spend the coming summer holiday? —I haven’t decided. I wonder _________ during the holiday. A. where am I going to spend B. whether it was going to be sunny C. who will I invite to have a trip with me D. if my mother will give me extra homework 例3.—I wonder what Mr. Wang asked you just now? —He asked________ . A. whether I will take part in the singing competition B. how long I have bought my new bike C. what was wrong with my old bike D. how much money did I spent on books 例4.Mary wanted to know _________________ A. if we would have a 7-day holiday or not B. how soon we will be invited C. if Beijing is the capital of China D. what you were talking 例5. He wanted to know ____________. A. whether he speaks at the meeting B. when the meeting would start C. what he's going to do at the meeting D. where would the meeting be held 例6. I don’t understand________such a silly question in class yesterday. A. why did John ask B. why John asked C. why is John asking D. why John asks 例7.—I wonder if your father _______ you to go swimming. —I’m not sure. But I will tell you if he _______ to let me join you. A. will allow; agrees B. allows; agrees C. allows; will agree D. will allow; will agree DDCCB BA 【课堂检测】 单选题 1. I hear __________ he will be back in a month. A. whether B. that C. what D. which 2. The teacher asked me __________ I needed any help. A. whether B. that C. what D. which 3. —Does the teacher know __________ will come this afternoon? —Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 4. Do you know _____I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star, Jackie! A. whom B. when C. where D. how 5. Teenagers with working experiences know more clearly ________ they will be in the future. A. who B. why C. where D. what 6. — I wonder ________ Mott Street . — Go three blocks and turn right .It’s right there . A. if could you tell me how to get to B. that you could tell me how I can get to C. if you could tell me how I can get to D. that could you tell me how I can 7. — It’s said that parents can be off on Friday afternoon if they need . — Is that true ? But I’m wondering _________. A. that they can ask for leave on Friday B. why can they ask for leave on Friday C. when can they ask for leave on Friday D. whether they can ask for leave on Friday 8. —Excuse me,could you tell me _______ ? —Yes.Go along the street and turn right at the cinema .Then you will find it . A. where is the nearest bank B. where the nearest bank is C. where was the nearest bank D. where the nearest bank was 9.We are going to have a meeting this afternoon.I'll call Wendy to make sure _______. A. why to start B. when to start C. what to start D. which to start 10.We don’t know ______. A. this is whose dictionary B. whose dictionary is this C. whose dictionary this is D. whose is this dictionary 11.－Your book is very interesting. Could you tell me _____? －In Xinhua Bookstore next to our school. A. where did you buy it B. why did you buy it C. where you bought it D. why you bought it 12.－I’d like to know _____. －Maybe in the forest. A. whether we will go camping B. where we will go camping C. whether will we go camping D. where will we go camping 13.－I wonder _____. －Yes, of course. A. where we can buy the parts B. how often you hear form your sister C. if I may have a word with you D. why he arrived late yesterday 14.－Do you know _____? －For a month. A. how long will she be away B. how long she will be away C. how often will she go there D. how often she will go there 15.－Do you know _____? －Yes. It’s on your table. A. where my dictionary is B. where is my dictionary C. when I bought my dictionary D. how I bought my dictionary 【答案】BADAD CDBBC CBCBA 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$