20讲：外刊精选+语法专题【语法综合】+中考题型套餐+词汇打卡【构词法】 （讲练） -【一轮通关】备战2025年中考英语讲练测（上海专用）

第二十讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（语法综合）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读单选）、词汇打卡(构词法) 外刊精选 Is plastic always bad 使用塑料制品一定是坏事吗？ 众所周知，塑料污染对环境有很大的危害，但使用塑料制品一定是件坏事吗？举个例子：生产一个塑料袋所消耗的自然资源以及运输它所产生的碳排放其实比生产和运输一个棉布袋所消耗的资源、产生的碳排放要少很多。如果可以重复使用这个塑料袋，而不是用过一两次后便将其丢弃，那么这个塑料袋对环境的危害并不一定比其它材质的袋子大。本文讨论塑料制品是否也有益处。 Cotton or plastic: which kind of bag is better for the environment? Many of us would naturally say that the cotton bag is best, but that might only be true if you use that bag thousands of times. Surprised? Keep listening and we’ll explain. There is no doubt that plastic is damaging for the environment in many ways. Producing it can cause toxins to be released into the atmosphere. It’s used in great quantities and often disposed of after a single use, meaning even more then needs to be produced. Thrown-away plastic can sit in landfill sites for centuries, or alternatively can contaminate the sea causing harm to wildlife and breaking down into polluting microplastics. Because of these factors, many people are looking for ways to reduce their plastic use. However, the picture is not straightforward. Let’s return to our cotton bag. It’s certainly more biodegradable than plastic, but this might be where the advantages end. The industrial production of cotton requires far more energy, along with water and pesticides. As the bags are heavier, transporting them will lead to higher carbon emissions. An article from Columbia University suggests that cotton shopping bags need to be used over 7,000 times before they are more sustainable than plastic ones. It’s not just about shopping bags. Lightweight plastic components in cars and planes help reduce fuel use and emissions. If we didn’t use so much plastic in clothing and footwear, the amount of land, water and chemicals that would be needed to produce enough natural textiles and leather would be enormous. Researchers have been looking to see if carbon could be sequestered during the production of plastics, reducing the amount in the atmosphere. One other characteristic of plastic might actually be the key to this issue. The fact that plastic lasts for centuries is what causes much of the environmental harm, but it also means it can be used to make items that can be re-used again and again. The problem is that we often don't. Plastic can cause serious harm to the environment, and efforts to throw less of it away can reduce this. Re-using it more could be one way to achieve this. 词汇表 environment 自然环境 toxin 毒素 atmosphere 大气 dispose of 扔掉，处理 thrown-away 丢弃的 landfill 垃圾填埋场 contaminate 污染，毒害 microplastic 微塑料 biodegradable 可降解的 carbon emission 碳排放 sustainable 可持续的，不破坏环境的 plastic components 塑料零件 textile 纺织物 sequester 封存 harm 危害   测验与练习 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What can be given off when plastics are produced? 2. True or False? Plastic deposited in landfill sites will quickly rot away. 3. According to the article, in what way are cotton bags better than plastic bags? 4. What benefit of plastic for vehicle production is mentioned in the article? 5. How could sequestering carbon during the plastic production process be beneficial? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. _______ are dangerous chemicals. Textiles                          Toxins                         Landfills                      Atmospheres 2. Too many people _______ plastic after using it once. dispose of                     sequester                    landfill                         thrown-away 3. The climate is getting warmer due to carbon dioxide in the _______. landfill                            toxins                         textile                          atmosphere 4. Re-using plastic makes it more _______. environmental               sustainable                 contaminated              textile 5. Plastic waste is hard to deal with because it is not _______. thrown-away                 landfill                         biodegradable             environmental 答案 1. 阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What can be given off when plastics are produced? The article says that toxins can be released into the atmosphere. 2. True or False? Plastic deposited in landfill sites will quickly rot away. False. Plastic can sit in landfill sites for centuries. 3. According to the article, in what way are cotton bags better than plastic bags? Cotton bags are more biodegradable than plastic bags. 4. What benefit of plastic for vehicle production is mentioned in the article. Plastic components are lightweight so they help reduce car fuel use and emissions. 5. How could sequestering carbon during the plastic production process be beneficial? Sequestering carbon during the plastic production process can remove carbon from the atmosphere. 2.  选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. Toxins are dangerous chemicals. 2. Too many people dispose of plastic after using it once. 3. The climate is getting warmer due to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 4. Re-using plastic makes it more sustainable. 5. Plastic waste is hard to deal with because it is not biodegradable. 【文本翻译】棉花还是塑料：哪种袋子对环境更有利？我们很多人自然会说棉布袋是最好的，但这可能只有在你使用那个袋子数千次的情况下才是真的。感到惊讶吗？继续听下去，我们会解释。 毫无疑问，塑料在很多方面对环境都有损害。生产塑料会导致毒素释放到大气中。它被大量使用，而且经常只用一次就被丢弃，这意味着需要生产更多。被丢弃的塑料可以在垃圾填埋场存放数百年，或者污染海洋，对野生动物造成伤害，并分解成污染性的微塑料。 由于这些因素，许多人都在寻找减少塑料使用的方法。然而，情况并非那么简单。让我们回到我们的棉布袋。它肯定比塑料更易生物降解，但这可能就是其优势的终点。棉花的工业生产需要更多的能源，以及水和杀虫剂。由于袋子更重，运输它们会导致更高的碳排放。哥伦比亚大学的一篇文章指出，棉制购物袋需要使用超过 7000 次，才比塑料袋更具可持续性。 这不仅仅是关于购物袋。汽车和飞机中的轻质塑料部件有助于减少燃料使用和排放。如果我们在服装和鞋类中不使用那么多塑料，生产足够的天然纺织品和皮革所需的土地、水和化学品的数量将是巨大的。研究人员一直在研究是否可以在塑料生产过程中封存碳，减少大气中的碳含量。 塑料的另一个特性实际上可能是这个问题的关键。塑料能持续数百年这一事实是造成大部分环境危害的原因，但这也意味着它可以用来制造可以反复使用的物品。问题是我们经常不这样做。塑料会对环境造成严重危害，努力减少丢弃量可以减轻这种危害。更多地重复使用它可能是实现这一目标的一种方法。 语法专题 语法精选----语法单选题重难点+易错点 语法 难点/易错点 例句 冠词 理解不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的使用情况 There is an “u” and a “s” in the word “use”. (不定冠词) He is the younger of the two boys. (定冠词) 代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词的正确使用 They themselves made the cake. (反身代词) The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.（指示代词） Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from both of the methods. (不定代词) 介词 常用介词的正确搭配和意义 I am in love with music. (介词搭配) John has been on the soccer team for three years now.（介词） 宾语从句 宾语从句的语序和时态问题，尤其在主从句时态呼应上易出错 He asked what I was doing at that time. （语序为陈述句语序） She said that she had finished her homework. （主过从过完） 形容词副词 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级，以及它们的适当形式 Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot cleaner. (形容词比较级) This exam is the most difficult I have ever taken. (形容词最高级) She is smarter but less outgoing than her brother.(形容词比较级) 情态动词 不同情态动词的用法区别，以及在否定和疑问形式中的变化 —May I take this book out of the library? —No, you ______. 答案：mustn't/can't。 解析：may 提问的否定回答用 mustn't 或 can't，表示 “不可以”“禁止”。 —Must I finish my homework today? —No, you ______. You can finish it tomorrow. 答案：needn't。 解析：must 提问的否定回答用 needn't表示。 主谓一致 主语和谓语在数上的一致，涉及到集合名词、不定代词作主语等情况 The family are having dinner. （family 指家庭成员，谓语用复数） Each of the students has his or her own book. （不定代词each 作主语，谓语用单数） 非谓语动词 动名词和现在分词的区别，不定式作主语和宾语的用法 I am looking forward to seeing you soon.. （动名词） Lost in thought, he didn't notice me enter the room. （分词） He made me wait for a long time.. （不定式） 状语从句 状语从句的种类和使用，如时间、原因、结果等状语从句。 - Unless we act now, we will miss the opportunity. (条件状语从句) -He was so tired that he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.. (时间状语从句) - Since you are not ready, we will have to wait. (原因状语从句) 感叹句 What 和 How 引导的感叹句结构和用法的混淆 What a beautiful girl she is! （what 修饰名词） How beautiful the girl is! （how 修饰形容词或副词） 反意疑问句 前否后肯和前肯后否的规则，以及特殊词的反意疑问形式 There is little water in the bottle, is there? Let's go shopping, shall we? You like music, don't you? （前肯后否） He never goes to school late, does he? （前否后肯） 名词格 双重所有格的构成和用法 A friend of mine is coming. （双重所有格） 即学即练 第一套 21. It is a custom to play ________ trick on friends on April Fools’ Day. A．the B．/ C．a D．an 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在愚人节这天捉弄朋友是一种习俗。 考查冠词。play a trick on“捉弄某人”，固定用法。故选C。 22. I love this picture ______ you beside the music fountain. A．in B．of C．on D．at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢你在音乐喷泉旁边的那张照片。A. in 在……里；B. of ……的，表示所属关系；C.on 在……上；D. at在……。根据句意可知是所属关系，故选B。 23. If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn how to depend on ________. A．themselves B．them C．us D．ourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果我们的父母为我们这些孩子做一切，我们就不会学会如何依赖自己。 考查代词辨析。themselves他们自己；them他们；us我们；ourselves我们自己。根据“we won’t learn how to depend on...”可知我们不会学会如何依靠我们自己，用反身代词ourselves。故选D。 24. There are many highrises on ________ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view! A．either B．neither C．both D．all 【答案】A 【详解】句意：淮海路两侧有许多高层建筑。多么壮丽的景色！ 考查代词辨析。either两者之一；neither两者都不；both两者都；all全都。根据“side of Huaihai Road”可知是在路的两边，且side为单数，用either。故选A。 25．During the summer camp,we found that Ken was learner among all the boys. A．quick B．quicker C．the quickest D．quickest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在夏令营期间，我们发现Ken是所有男孩中学习最快的。 A. quick    快的；B. quicker更快的；C. the quickest最快的；D. quickest最快。根据among all the boys.可知用形容词最高级，形容词最高级加the。the quickest learner最快的学习者。根据题意，故选C。 26．George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned ________. A．pale B．clean C．sadly D．happily 【答案】A 【详解】句意：乔治看见草丛里有条蛇，吓了一跳。他的脸色变得苍白。 考查形容词辨析和形容词的用法。pale苍白的；clean干净的；sadly悲伤地；happily开心地。turn后作表语用形容词，排除CD；根据“George was frightened to see a snake in the grass”可知看到蛇很害怕，脸都吓白了。故选A。 27．Jenny ______ with a Chinese family for two years. Now she’s used to the life in China. A．stays B．would stay C．is staying D．has stayed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：珍妮在一个中国家庭住了两年了。现在她已经习惯了中国的生活。 考查时态。stay“停留，暂住”，根据“for two years”可知，此处用现在完成时，故选D。 28．-- ______do millions of online users visit the home page of the government? -- To read the news and search for the information they need. A．When B．Where C．Why D．What 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么数以百万计的网民访问政府主页？ ——阅读新闻，寻找他们需要的信息。考查疑问词，由答句的to表目的可知问为什么，应该用why，所以选C。 29．Students ________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. A．can B．must C．need D．may 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生在实验室做化学实验时一定要小心 考查情态动词，A能；B必须，一定；C需要；D可能，结合句意，可知，应该是"一定"．故选B。 30．I will spend as much time as I can _________ the lesson. A．go over B．to go over C．going over D．gone over 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我将尽可能花费多的时间复习功课。 考查非谓语动词。根据“as much time as I can”可知，指的是尽可能花费多的时间。spend...(in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。故选C。 31．______ exciting sport it is to climb the mountains! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：爬山是一件多么让人兴奋的运动。考查感叹句。英语感叹句使用how和what引导，how后面的中心词是形容词或副词，what后面的中心词是名词。具体构成：1. What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+(主语+谓语)！ 2. What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词+(主语+谓语)！3.how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词+(主语+谓语)！本句中心词sport为单数可数名词，exciting为元音音素开头发音的单词，可知填what an；故选D。 32．Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced ________ for years. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sang 【答案】C 【详解】句意：苏珊练习唱歌多年后，终于成为一名受欢迎的歌手。 考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 33．We should leave early tomorrow morning, ________we won't get there on time. A．so B．or C．but D．and 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们明天要早点离开，否则我们不能准时到达那里。 考查连词词义辨析。so所以，因此；or或者，否则；but但是；and而且，和。根据“we won't get there on time”可知是指我们要早点离开，否则就不能准时到达。故选B。 34．When I flew a flat paper kite for the first time, I wondered ________. A．what it made fly B．how made it fly C．what made it fly D．how it made fly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我第一次放一个纸风筝时，我想知道是什么使它飞起来的。 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，从句缺少主语，用what引导宾语从句，谓语是made，宾语是it，宾补是fly。故选C。 35．James is a model student at school. He’s never late for school, _________? A．isn’t he B．is he C．hasn’t he D．has he 【答案】B 【详解】句意：詹姆斯是学校里的模范学生。他上学从不迟到，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。句子是反意疑问句，前肯后否，前否后肯，陈述句中有含有否定意义的词never，疑问句部分能用肯定形式，根据“He’s never late...”可知此处借助be动词。故选B。 第二套 21．In the past, desktop computers were ________ same size as televisions. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去，台式电脑和电视一样大。 考查冠词辨析。 a和an是不定冠词，修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，一个……；an修饰元音音素开头的单词；the是定冠词，表示特指。根据句子结构可知，这里考查the same as…与……相同，是固定搭配。故选C。 22．It was really kind of him to take the cat to the animal centre _______a rainy night. A．in B．on C．at D．of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在一个雨夜，他带猫去动物中心，他真是太好了。考查时间介词。根据后面的a rainy night“一个雨夜”，可知表示的是具体的某一天的晚上，所以应用介词on，结合选项可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。 【点睛】本题考查时间介词。A. in后跟年份、月份和季节，也有固定短语in the morning，in the afternoon；in the evening，也可表示“…后”，表将来；B. on表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”；C. at表示“某一具体时刻（即几点几分时）”；D. of…的，表示所属关系。根据后面的a rainy night“一个雨夜”，可知表示的是具体的某一天的晚上，所以应用介词on，故答案选B。 23．The river was seriously polluted and _________ fish could be found there. A．a little B．little C．few D．a few 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这条河被严重污染了，那里几乎找不到鱼。考查形容词辨析。little、a little修饰不可数名词，few、a few修饰可数名词；a little和a few表示肯定，意为“一些”，little和few表示否定，意为“几乎没有”。根据前面The river was seriously polluted“这条河被严重污染了”，可知这里句意应为“那里几乎找不到鱼”，fish在这里作“鱼”讲，为可数名词，所以应用few来填空，故答案选C。 24．This pair of shoes is too large for me. Can you show me ________ pair? A．the other B．another C．other D．others 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这双鞋对我来说太大了。你能再给我看看另一双吗？考查不定代词。A. the other特指两者中的另一个；B. another意为“任何一个、另一个”，指三者或三者以上中的另一个；C. other“别的，另外的”，一般只能和复数名词连用；D. others是other的复数形式，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。根据This pair of shoes is too large for me.可知是这双鞋太大了，让服务员再拿另一双来试试，故答案选B。 25．About ________ students in our school have passed the P.E. test. A．three hundred B．hundreds of C．several hundreds D．three hundred of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们学校大概有300个学生已经通过了体育考试。 考查数词。数词+hundred，表示“多少百”，其中hundred不能加s，所以排除选项C；hundreds of“数百”，前面无数词，所以排除选项D；about“大约”，表示“约数”，其后不能用hundreds of等表示不定数量的词语，所以排除选项B。故选A。 26．When you stand in the well-decorated and newly-built Shanghai Astronomy Museum, you can imagine ________ in the center of space. A．to stand B．standing C．stand D．stood 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你站在装修精美、新建的上海天文博物馆里，你可以想象自己正站在宇宙的中心。 考查动名词的用法。imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。 27．This golden chance enables the young man ________ his life. A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个千载难逢的机会使这个年轻人能够改善他的生活。 考查非谓语。enable sb to do sth“使某人能够做某事”，是固定短语，空处用不定式形式，故选C。 28．The Nobel Prize for Literature this year ________ to an African writer, Abdulrazak, which turns out to be a big surprise. A．was awarded B．has awarded C．will award D．will be awarded 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今年的诺贝尔文学奖颁给了一位非洲作家Abdulrazak，这是一个很大的惊喜。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“The Nobel Prize for Literature this year...to an African writer,”可知，这个动作已经发生了，因此时态是过去时；又因为主语“The Nobel Prize for Literature”与谓语动词“award”是被动关系，因此这里是一般过去时的被动语态，结构是“was/were done”。故选A。 29．The old man got sick last April and ________ in bed since then. A．has been B．was C．would be D．had been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位老人去年四月病了，从那时起就一直躺在床上。考查现在完成时。A. has been现在完成时；B. was一般过去时；C. would be对将来的推测；D. had been过去完成时。由句中的since then可知到目前为止，这种状态还在持续，所以时态应用现在完成时，排除B、C、D选项，故答案选A。 30．It’s hard for players nowadays to make great progress ________ they keep taking scientific training. A．until B．when C．unless D．though 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在的运动员要想取得很大的进步，除非他们坚持科学的训练。 考查连词辨析。until直到；when当……时；unless除非；though虽然。“they keep taking scientific training”是“It’s hard for players nowadays to make great progress”的否定条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。 31．Computers rarely make mistakes in calculating,? A．don’t they B．do they C．doesn’t it D．does it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：计算机很少在计算中出错，是吗？考查反义疑问句。根据题干可知，本句是一般现在时。题干中的rarely意思是“很少的、罕有的”，表示否定意义，所以后面的反义疑问句要用肯定形式，排除A、C选项。题干中含有实义动词make，且主语是Computers，故后面的反义疑问句要借助助动词do，而且用they指代Computers，排除D选项；故答案选B。 32．Students ________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. A．can B．must C．need D．may 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生在实验室做化学实验时一定要小心 考查情态动词，A能；B必须，一定；C需要；D可能，结合句意，可知，应该是"一定"．故选B。 33．—_________ is it from your school to your home? —It’s about twenty minutes’ walk. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How fast 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——从你的学校到你家有多远？——步行大约二十分钟。 考查特殊疑问词。How long“多长”，是对长度或一段时间的提问；How far“多远”，是对距离的提问；How soon“多久以后”，是对“in+一段时间”的提问；How fast“多快”，是对速度的提问。根据答语“It’s about twenty minutes’ walk.”可知上文是对“距离”进行提问，故选B。 34．___________unforgettable experience it is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是多么难忘的一次经历啊！考查感叹句。根据_____unforgettable experience it is!可知本题考查感叹句，中心词是experience，可数名词单数，所以用what来引导感叹句，又因experience前面的修饰词unforgettable的发音是以元音音素开头的，所以要加不定冠词an；结合选项可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。 【点睛】感叹句的构成有两种，一、what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：1、What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！2、What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！二、how引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词。其结构为：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！本句的中心词是experience，它是一个可数名词单数，而且其前面的修饰词unforgettable的发音是以元音音素开头的，所以要加不定冠词an，故答案选D。 35．Could you tell me ________? A．when will the meeting begin B．when the meeting will begin C．when would the meeting begin D．when the meeting would begin 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗？ 考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“Could you tell me...”可知从句动作表示将来的动作，故从句用一般将来时will do，排除D。故选B。 第三套 21．Though the film has come to ________ end, everyone is still talking about it. A．an B．the C．/ D．a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：虽然电影已经结束了，但每个人仍然在谈论它。 考查冠词的用法。an不定冠词，用在以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词；/零冠词；a不定冠词，用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。结合语境和空前后“come to”以及“end”可知，此处表示泛指，“end”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以空处用不定冠词an，短语come to an end“结束”。故选A。 22．Tom’s mother was angry ________ him, because he failed to pass the exam. A．by B．to C．for D．with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆的妈妈很生他的气，因为他考试不及格。 考查介词辨析。by通过；to到；for为了；with和。be angry with“对……生气”，故选D。 23．________ exciting cartoons the children watched last weekend! A．How B．How a C．What an D．What 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上周末孩子们看了多么令人兴奋的卡通片啊! 考查感叹句。根据“...exciting cartoons the children watched last weekend!”以及标点可知，本句是感叹句。其结构为：What+（a/an）+形容词+名词+主谓；How+形容词/副词+主谓。本句中心词“cartoons”是名词，需用what引导，排除AB选项；且中心词是复数，用“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主谓”结构。故选D。 24．You look tired this morning, you’d better ________ up too late. A．not to stay B．not stay C．not staying D．not to staying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你今天早上看起来很累，你最好不要熬夜太晚。 考查had better的用法。had better是情态动词，其否定结构为had better not do sth.“最好不要做某事”。故选B。 25．I wonder what is in his ________ hand. There must be some secrets. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道他的另一只手里拿着什么。一定有一些秘密。 考查代词辨析。other其他的；the other两者中的另一个；another三者及以上的另一个；others其他人/物。此处指“他的另一只手”，已经有his修饰，所以不加冠词，故选A。 26．My father has worked in the office all day, so he __________ be very tired now. A．must B．need C．should D．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我父亲在办公室工作了一整天，所以他现在一定很累了。 考查情态动词。must一定；need需要；should应该；may可能。根据“My father has worked in the office all day, so he...be very tired now.”可知，此处表示肯定推测，用must。故选A。 27．The other day I met Mary, one of my friends. We ________ each other for five years. A．doesn’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：前几天我遇到了我的一个朋友，玛丽。我们有五年没见面了。 考查动词时态。结合语境和前一句“The other day I met Mary, one of my friends.”可知在过去某一天遇到玛丽之前，说话人已经有五年没有见到她了，所以空处用过去完成时，表示在过去某一时间之前发生的动作。故选D。 28．To everyone’s great joy, the experiment ________ to be a great success. A．put off B．turned over C．took up D．turned out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：令每个人都非常高兴的是，实验取得了巨大的成功。 考查动词短语。put off推迟；turned over翻转；took up占据；turned out结果是。根据“the experiment...to be a great success”可知是结果表明实验是成功的。故选D。 29．The chief detective advised us ________ twice before we made any decision. A．think B．thinking C．to think D．should think 【答案】C 【详解】句意：首席侦探建议我们在做任何决定之前三思。 考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 30．________ expensive cars becomes, ________ people will drive. A．The more, the less B．The less, the more C．The less, the less D．The more, the more 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汽车越便宜，开车的人就越多。 考查形容词比较级的用法。more更多的；less更少的。分析句子结构可知本题用“The+比较级…，the+比较级…”的结构，表示“越……，越……”，结合“...expensive cars becomes,...people will drive.”和常识可知汽车的价格越低，更多的人就会选择开车。故选B。 31．________ you are more careful, you’ll make the same mistakes again. A．Even if B．Although C．Now that D．Unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非你更加认真，否则你会再次犯同样的错误。 考查连词辨析。Even if即使；Although虽然；Now that既然；Unless除非。分析句子可知，“you are more careful”是“you’ll make the same mistakes again”的否定条件，表示“除非你认真点，不然还会犯同样的错误”，用unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。 32．Work carefully, ________ you may make fewer mistakes in your homework. A．or B．but C．so D．and 【答案】D 【详解】句意：认真学习，这样你在作业中就犯更少的错误。 考查连词辨析。or或者，否则；but但是；so因此，所以；and和，而且。根据句意可知，空后表示“Work carefully”会产生的结果，前后为顺承关系，应用and连接。故选D。 33．It’s never late to learn in this modern world, ________? A．has it B．is it C．hasn’t it D．isn’t it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在这个现代世界里学习永远不会晚，是吗？ 考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的构成是“前肯后否，前否后肯”，根据It’s never可知，此处是否定形式，主语是It，谓语动词是is，因此后面反意疑问句用肯定形式is it，故选B。 34．—________do you visit your grandparents, Timmy? —  Once a week. A．How often B．How long C．How fast D．How many 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——蒂米，你多久去看一次你的祖父母？——一周一次。 考查特殊疑问句。how often多长时间一次；how long多长；how fast多快；how many多少。根据“Once a week”可知一周一次，是表示频率，特殊疑问句用how often来提问。故选A。 35．Could you please tell me ________? A．when the shopping center was built B．that he has already finished his homework C．if light traveled faster than sound D．how far is it from here to the library 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能告诉我购物中心是什么时候建成的吗？ 考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除D；选项C描述客观真理，从句应用一般现在时，故排除C；根据“Could you please tell me...”可知选项B中that引导的宾语从句不符合主句逻辑，故排除。故选A。 第四套 21．I like reading. I often go to the library ________ Saturday mornings. A．to B．in C．at D．on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我喜欢阅读，我经常在周六早晨去图书馆。 考查时间介词。to到；in在……里面；at在；on在……上面。“在早晨”in the morning；在具体某天的早晨用介词on，此处为on Saturday mornings，故选D。 22．He has been in an organization in ______ European country for many years. A．an B．/ C．a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他在一个欧洲国家的组织工作多年。 考查冠词辨析。根据“European country”可知，需要不定冠词表示泛指，European是辅音音素开头，故选C。 23．The teacher told the class that only three students failed the exam, and ________ all passed. A．another B．the other C．others D．the others 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师告诉全班同学，只有三个学生考试不及格，其他的都通过了。 考查代词辨析。another另一个，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的；the other另一个，特指两个人或物中的一个时；others其他人；the others其余的人，特指某一范围内的其他的人或物。根据“The teacher told the class that only three students failed the exam, and…all passed.”可知，此句特指班上除了三个学生外，剩下的所有人，且是三者以上，应用the others。故选D。 24．—Tom has changed a lot in the past two years. —Exactly. He looks much _________ than he used to be. A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．the strongest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆在过去的两年里变化很大。——没错。他看起来比以前强壮多了。 考查形容词比较级。strong强劲的；stronger更强；strongest最强的；the strongest最强的。根据“than”可知此句使用比较级，故选B。 25．— When shall we go to lunch, Mr. Smith? I’m hungry. — Not until the work _________. A．will complete B．completed C．is completed D．has completed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——史密斯先生，我们什么时候去吃午饭？我饿了。——直到工作完成。 考查动词的时态和语态。答句是not until引导的时间状语从句的省略句，时态上遵循“主将从现”原则，且主语the work与complete之间是动宾关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are done）。故选C。 26．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．was keeping C．has been kept D．will be kept 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要担心，你的包裹将被保存在这儿直到你回来，所以祝您购物愉快。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语your package和动词keep之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，排除A和B；含until的主从复合句遵循“主将从现”原则，故主句使用一般将来时的被动语态，谓语结构是will be done。故选D。 27．—On Tree Planting Day, the students in our school planted five ___________ trees on the hill. —Good job! Everyone can do some things to make our hometown greener. A．hundreds B．hundred of C．hundreds of D．hundred 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——在植树节这一天，我们学校的学生在山上种了五百棵树。——做得好！每个人都可以做点什么来让我们的家乡变得更绿色。 考查hundred/thousand等大数的表达。hundreds几百；hundred of错误表达，hundred应用复数形式；hundreds of成百上千；hundred百。根据“five”可知在基数词后hundred应用单数形式，不能用复数形式，也不可以在后面加上介词of。故选D。 28．I didn’t realize my dream by simply hoping for it, ________ by working for it. A．but B．or C．and D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我并不是通过单纯地希望实现我的梦想去实现它，而是通过努力去实现它。 考查并列连词辨析。but但是、而是；or或者、否则；and和；so所以。根据“by simply hoping for it”和“by working for it”可知空格前后存在语义上的转折关系，应用表示转折关系的并列连词but来连接。故选A。 29．Parents often expect their children ________ all the things that they couldn’t do in the past. A．to do B．doing C．did D．do 【答案】A 【详解】句意：父母经常期望他们的孩子做所有他们过去做不到的事情。 考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.意为“期望某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。 30．Why ________ it get colder when we go up a mountain? We are getting nearer to the sun! A．ought to B．should C．would D．must 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为什么我们上山的时候天气会变冷呢？我们离太阳越来越近了！ 考查动词辨析和虚拟语气。ought to应该；should应该；would将会；must必须。根据“Why...it get colder when we go up a mountain? We are getting nearer to the sun!”可知，越接近太阳应该热的，但实际上却很冷，与客观事实相反，是虚拟语气的用法。故选B。 31．The dumplings they offered us tasted ________. We all wanted to have some more. A．delicious B．awful C．well D．wonderfully 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他们给我们吃的饺子味道很好。我们都想再来点。 考查形容词和副辨析。delicious形容词，美味的；awful形容词，糟糕的；well副词，令人满意地；wonderfully副词，非常，极好地。感官动词tasted后应接形容词，根据“We all wanted to have some more.”可知，饺子是好吃的。故选A。 32．________ cold weather it is today! Please put on more clothes. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天天气真冷！请多穿点衣服。 考查感叹句。句子中心词是不可数名词“weather”，且名词后有主谓，此处符合“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓”的结构，故选A。 33．The old man is easy to lose his way back home. ________ his wife. A．Neither is B．Neither does C．So does D．So is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位老人很容易迷路找不到家。她的妻子也一样。 考查倒装句用法。Neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，用于否定句，表示“某人或某物也不……”；而So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语，用于肯定句，表示“某人或某物也……”；根据句中“The old man is”可知，此句是含有be动词的肯定句，故需So，his wife是名词单数，be动词需用is，故填So is。故选D。 34．________ fine weather it is! The sky is blue and the sun shining. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 【答案】A 【详解】句意：多么好的天气啊！天空很蓝，阳光灿烂。 考查感叹句。本句感叹的内容是“fine weather”，属于名词短语，用What修饰；weather是不可数名词，所以使用What。故选A。 35．—Tony, I am terribly sorry. I’ve forgotten to bring to your dictionary back to you today. —________. A．I’ m sorry to hear that. B．That’s all right. C．Not at all. D．You’re welcome. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——托尼，我非常抱歉。我今天忘记把你的字典还给你了。——没关系。 考查情景交际。I’ m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很难过。；That’s all right.没关系。；Not at all.一点也不。；You’re welcome.不客气。根据“Tony, I am terribly sorry.”可知，此处是对道歉的回应。故选B。 第五套 21．Our students had a lot of fun on _ day of their New Year's Concert. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在他们新年音乐会的那天，我们同学们有许多乐趣。这里是特指，用定冠词the。根据题意，故选故选C。 22．Go straight down the street and you’ll see the post office on your right, the kindergarten. A．opposite B．between C．among D．across 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一直往前走，你会看到邮局在你的右边，幼儿园对面。 A. opposite    相反的；对面的；B. between在两者之间；C. among三者 或三者以上之间；D. across穿过；横过；根据and you’ll see the post office on your right可知这里是在幼儿园的对面。故选A。 23．Some people prefer to pay by credit card, would like to pay through Alipay(支付宝) A．the others B．others C．other D．another 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有些人喜欢用信用卡支付，其他人喜欢用支付宝支付。 A. the others别的，其他的，这里是特指；B. others    别的，其他的，表示泛指；C. other别的，其他的，后加名词复数；D. another另一个，不定数目另一，再一，后加名词单数。Some…others…表示一些……另一些……；根据题意，故选B。 【点睛】1.another泛指（指三者或三者以上中的）另一个,既可作代词又可作形容词.做代词时如：I have finished this book,please give me another.做形容词：I will be back in another ten days 2.other其他的,另外的,泛指另一个另一些.作定语时,常与可数名词复数连用,如But other creditors have refused the terms,但如果前面有the,some,any,each,every及形容词性物主代词时,可与可数名词单数连用,如every other day 3.others泛指别的,其他人是other的复数形式.相当于other加可数名词复数 如：she has more concern for others than for herself. 4.,the other可作代词也可作形容词,表（两者中的）另一个,常用于one..the other..的句型中,如she has two children,one is a boy,the other is a girl 5.the others是the other 的复数形式,特指某一范围内“全部或其余的人或物”,只作代词用,相当于the other 加可数名词复数,如Four of them are in the classroom,what about the others 此外,语法固然重要,但是语感也很重要.平时读书读多了,看过去觉得哪个比较通顺,很大可能就是用那个. 24．During the summer camp,we found that Ken was learner among all the boys. A．quick B．quicker C．the quickest D．quickest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在夏令营期间，我们发现Ken是所有男孩中学习最快的。 A. quick    快的；B. quicker更快的；C. the quickest最快的；D. quickest最快。根据among all the boys.可知用形容词最高级，形容词最高级加the。the quickest learner最快的学习者。根据题意，故选C。 25．Most people ________ when the big earthquake took place in that area. A．are sleeping B．were sleeping C．has slept D．will sleep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当那个地区发生大地震时，大多数人正在睡觉。 考查动词时态。根据“when the big earthquake took place in that area.”可知，此处是指在地震发生时，大多数人正在睡觉，强调过去某一时刻正发生的动作，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选B。 26．Shanghai Students’ Post ________ a great help in my English learning since 2006. A．will be B．was C．has been D．had been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：从2006年开始, 《上海学生报》对我的英语学习帮助很大。 考查时态。根据“since 2016”可知，本句应用现在完成时，其结构为：have/has done，主语Shanghai Students’ Post 为第三人称单数，应用has。故选C。 27．Henry has drawn five comic strips this year and two of them ________ months ago. A．published B．have published C．were published D．have been published 【答案】C 【详解】句意：亨利今年画了五部连环画，其中两部是几个月前出版的。 考查被动语态。根据“two of them ... months ago.”可知，连环画是被出版的，即“two of them”与“published”之间是被动关系，且时间状语是“months ago”，因此时态是一般过去时。故选C。 28．Peter considers ________ a pet dog so that he won’t feel lonely at home. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．to keep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Peter考虑养一只宠物狗，这样他在家里就不会感到孤独了。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.表示“考虑做某事”，空处应用动名词作宾语。故选B。 29．Our skiing coach warned us ________ straight down the hill. A．not go B．not going C．not to go D．don’t go 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们滑雪教练警告我们不要直接下山。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb. not to do sth.意为“警告某人不做某事”，故选C。 30．Mary promised to marry me last year, _________ she didn’t. A．if B．though C．but D．although 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Mary去年答应要嫁给我，但是她没有。 考查连词辨析。if如果；though尽管；but但是；although尽管。根据“she didn’t”可知和前句表示转折，因此用“but”。故选C。 31．He plans to have a good rest ________ he’ll have enough energy to continue his work. A．as soon as B．in order to C．so that D．now that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他打算好好休息以便有足够的精力继续工作。 考查so that引导目的状语从句。as soon as一……就……；in order to为了，后跟动词原形；so that以便，为了，后跟句子；now that既然。根据“He plans to have a good rest ... he’ll have enough energy to continue his work.”可知，好好休息的目的是为了有精力继续工作，空后是句子，用so that引导目的状语从句。故选C。 32．________ cold weather it is today! Please put on more clothes. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天天气真冷！请多穿点衣服。 考查感叹句。句子中心词是不可数名词“weather”，且名词后有主谓，此处符合“What+adj+不可数名词+主谓”的结构，故选A。 33．—Is Mike knocking at the door? —It ______ be Mike. He is in America now. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．may not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——是迈克在敲门吗？——不可能是迈克。他现在在美国。 考查情态动词。needn’t不必；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；may not可能不。根据“He is in America now.”可知，此处表示敲门的不可能是迈克。故选C。 34．—I really hate to do some shopping on the weekends. —________. A．So am I B．So will I C．So do I D．So did I 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我真的不喜欢在周末购物。——我也是。 考查倒装结构。结合句意可知，此处表示前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人，所以应用倒装结构“so+ be动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”，意为“某人也是”，前句为一般现在时，该句主语为第一人称单数，所以用助动词do，故选C。 35．—It’s a bit cold today. Would you mind closing the window? —_________. A．Never mind B．Of course not C．It doesn’t matter D．No, thanks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天有点冷。你介意关上窗户吗？——当然。我立马关上。 考查情景交际。Never mind没关系；Of course not当然不；It doesn’t matter没关系；No, thanks不，谢谢。上文“Would you mind closing the window?”表请求，可知此处Of course not“当然不”符合语境。故选B。 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （22-23九年级上·上海嘉定·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词, 首字母已给。 In nature, you may see many insects and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why? Locusts（蝗虫）are super delicious f 1 for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts c 2 with the colors of crops. When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do. Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can’t be seen e 3 by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil（土壤）in a dark and wet e 4 . However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to s 5 , they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.   Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish（墨鱼）in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find t 6 suddenly in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself s 7 though it is not strong at all. 【答案】1．(f)ood 2．(c)hange 3．(e)asily 4．(e)nvironment 5．(s)urvive 6．(t)hemselves 7．(s)afe 【导语】本文主要介绍了一些动物保护自己的生存方式。 1．句意：对于鸟儿们来说蝗虫是超级美味的食物，但是鸟儿们要抓住蝗虫却并不容易。根据“Locusts（蝗虫）are super delicious f…”可知，蝗虫是鸟儿的食物，food“食物”符合语境，不可数名词。故填(f)ood。 2．句意：原因是蝗虫的颜色会随着农作物的颜色而变化。根据“When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do.”可知，蝗虫的颜色随着农作物的颜色而变化，change“改变”符合语境，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数colors，谓语动词用原形。故填(c)hange。 3．句意：敌人不容易看到它们。根据“they have colors similar to the trees”可知，森林动物有和树木相近的颜色，所以敌人不容易发现它们，空处用副词修饰动作be seen，easily“容易地”符合语境。故填(e)asily。 4．句意：土壤昆虫大多是深色的，它们生活在阴暗潮湿的土壤环境下。根据“they live under the soil（土壤）in a dark and wet e…”可知，是生活在阴暗潮湿的环境下，environment“环境”符合语境。故填(e)nvironment。 5．句意：所以为了生存，它们不得不在白天躲藏起来，只在晚上出现。根据“they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night”可知，夜晚出来是为了躲避天敌，从而能够生存下来，in order to do sth“为了做某事”，survive“生存”用动词原形。故填(s)urvive。 6．句意：随着墨汁的扩散，它的敌人会突然发现自己身处一个黑暗的世界。根据“its enemies will find t… suddenly in a dark world”可知，敌人会处于黑暗中，空处指的是主语本身，反身代词themselves“它们自己”符合语境。故填(t)hemselves。 7．句意：这就是它保证自己安全的方式，尽管它一点都不强壮。根据“At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away.”可知，这是墨鱼让自己安全的方法，keep+宾语+形容词，形容词作宾补，safe“安全的”符合语境。故填(s)afe。 PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海虹口·期末）Choose the best answer (根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案) Cadets are young people, like you, who usually meet once a week after school at their army unit or at weekends. If you join the cadet program, you’ll learn basic skills such as bush survival, first aid and navigation by day and by night. Abseiling and Rope activities Overcome your fear of heights by taking part in rope activities. You’ll wear a harness (保护带) and a helmet and you’ll lower yourself from a high point to the ground. Camping and other training You’ll learn to pitch a tent with tools such as support poles, a rope, a hammer and build a shelter. You’ll also learn to store and prepare food. You will be taught how to start a fire. First aid First aid is an important skill to learn. You will be able to manage and organize first aid on water or in the bush (灌木丛). You will learn to dress wounds. In conclusion, you will learn how to ________. Navigation Learn how to navigate using a map and a compass. Start with e-learning and classroom instruction. Then put what you have learned into practice during day and night trips for exploration. Boat and water skills Go canoeing, build a raft and learn important swimming and life-saving skills. 8．The cadets usually meet ________ a week after school to learn basic skills. A．once B．twice C．three times D．four times 9．Which picture shows abseiling and rope activities? A． B． C． D． 10．The underlined word “pitch” possibly means _________. A．take out B．pack up C．pick out D．set up 11．Cadets in First aid will learn how to _________. A．go through a bush B．deal with medical emergencies C．get along with other cadets D．take care of the old 12．Sam thinks he has developed a good sense of direction and can apply knowledge that he has learned in life. Which training program is he in? A．Abseiling and Rope activities. B．Camping and other training. C．Navigation. D．Boat and water skills. 13．The writing purpose of this passage is to _________. A．introduce the programs for cadets B．complain about the bad training environment C．compare different programs for cadets D．show the importance of learning some basic skills 【答案】8．A 9．D 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几则军校学员计划项目。 8．细节理解题。根据“Cadets are young people, like you, who usually meet once a week after school at their army unit or at weekends.”可知，军校学员是像你一样的年轻人，他们通常每周放学后在部队或周末见面一次，即学员们通常每周学习一次基本技能。故选A。 9．推理判断题。根据“You’ll wear a harness (保护带) and a helmet and you’ll lower yourself from a high point to the ground.”可知，你要戴上安全带和头盔，从高处降下来，选项D符合题意。故选D。 10．词义猜测题。根据“You’ll learn to pitch a tent with tools such as support poles, a rope, a hammer and build a shelter.”和图片可知，你将学习如何用支撑杆、绳子、锤子等工具搭帐篷，并搭建庇护所。所以pitch的意思是set up“搭建”，故选D。 11．细节理解题。根据“You will learn to dress wounds.”可知，在“急救”项目中，可以学习包扎伤口，即处理医疗紧急情况。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据“Learn how to navigate using a map and a compass. Start with e-learning and classroom instruction. Then put what you have learned into practice during day and night trips for exploration.”可知，“导航”项目教如何使用地图和指南针导航；从电子学习和课堂教学开始，把所学到的知识付诸实践。Sam认为自己已经培养了良好的方向感，能够将学到的知识应用到生活中，那么他参加了“导航”项目。故选C。 13．主旨大意题。根据全文，特别是“If you join the cadet program, you’ll learn basic skills such as bush survival, first aid and navigation by day and by night.”可知，本文介绍了几则军校学员计划项目，故选A。 词汇打卡 读一读、背一背、练一练 （构词法知识） 后缀为-ist, -or 的名词 1. artist 艺术家；画家 2. cartoonist 漫画家；动画片画家 3. cyclist 骑自行车的人 4. naturalist 自然学家 5. novelist 小说家 6. physicist 物理学家 7. pianist 钢琴家 8. realist 现实主义者 9. scientist 科学家 10. specialist 专家 11. tourist 游客 12. typist 打字员 13. violinist 小提琴手 其它： 1. actor 男演员 2. doctor 医生 3. inventor 发明家，创造者 4. monitor 班长；监视器 5. visitor 参观者；访问者 其它： 根据句意用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ in our class is very good at English. 2. Catherine is a social ______ from the UK. 3. (Proverb) The ______ is often more to be feared than the disease. (…往往比疾病更令人生畏) 4. Shanghai is full of ______ from different countries. 5. John Henderson is a ______ in heart diseases in the United States. 6. One of my aunts works as a ______ in a company in Beijing, she types very fast. 7. I like physics very much, and my ambition is to become a ______ in the future. 8. This ______ has written five famous novels in the past three years. 9. ______ should be very careful on the road in rush hours. 10. Among all the ______ in America, I like Thomas Edison best. 后缀为-er, -ar, -ance, -ence的名词 兄；弟 1. brother 顾客，主顾 2. customer 女儿 3. daughter 司机，驾驶员 4. driver 农民，农夫 5. farmer 父亲 6. father 经理 7. manager 母亲 8. mother 官员，办事员 9. officer 拥有者；物主 10.owner 搭档，合作者 11. partner 记者 12. reporter 姐；妹 13. sister 士兵；战士 14. soldier 教师 15. teacher （13-19岁的）青少年 16. teenager 获胜者 17. winner 工作者；工人 18. worker 作家 19.writer 其它： 乞丐 1. beggar 撒谎者 2. liar 明星 3. star 其它： 平衡 1. balance 机会 2. chance 距离 3. distance 入口；入场 4. entrance 重要性 5. importance 表演，演出；行动 6. performance 其它： 观众；听众 1. audience （正式的）会议；讨论会 2. conference 不同 3. difference 经验；经历 4. experience 栅栏；围栏；篱笆 5. fence 参考 6. reference 科学；自然科学 7. science 句子 8. sentence 其它： 一、根据句意用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. It is necessary to share profits (利润) among the ______. 2. Although Tom is only 15 years old, he has his own business. He is a busy ______. 3. He lost his ______ and fell off his bike. 4. The famous actor knows how to attract his ______. 5. Our English club may give a ______ of Hamlet next week. 6. So far it has been the greatest discovery in ______. 7. We all know the ______ of learning English especially when we are young. 8. You should make a ______ to the guide book. 9. Jack will wait for me at the ______ of the hospital. 10. I’m sorry to say you have missed a very good ______. 11. Yesterday I had pity on a ______ and gave him 10 yuan. 12. There is a great ______ between Chinese and English grammar. 13. Our physics teacher has a lot of ______ in teaching. 14. Our English teacher asked us to make ______ with the words. 15. Mr. Smith can’t see you at the moment; he is now attending a ______. 后缀为-tion, -sion, -th, -ment的名词 增加 1. addition 雄心；野心 2. ambition 注意；关心 3. attention 收集；收藏品 4. collection 比赛；竞赛 5. competition 祝贺 6. congratulation 会话；谈话 7. conversation 展览；展览会 8. exhibition 代；一代 9. generation 信息；情报；资料 10. information 发明，创造 11. invention 邀请；请帖 12. invitation 位置；场所 13. location 职业 14. occupation 手术 15. operation 组织，团体，机构 16. organization 污染 17. pollution 人口；人数 18. population 问题 19. question 部分；部门；栏目 20. section 形势，情况；场面 21. situation 解决方法；解答 22. solution 车站；电台 23. station 建议，提议 24. suggestion 传统 25. tradition 其它： 结论；结束，结局 1. conclusion 决定；决心 2. decision 讨论 3. discussion 印象 4. impression 电视 5. television 其它： 死亡 1. death 深度 2. depth 生长；发展 3. growth 长度 4. length 力量 5. strength 真理；真相，实际情况 6. truth 温暖 7. warmth 牙齿 8. tooth 牙齿（复数） 9. teeth 青少年时期；年轻人 10. youth 其它： 广告 1. advertisement 发展 2. development 同意；协议 3. agreement 分歧 4. disagreement 鼓励 5. encouragement 判断 6. judgment 活动；运动；移动 7. movement 陈述，声明 8. statement 待遇；治疗 9. treatment 其它： 根据句意选用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. His ______ is to become a world champion (冠军). 2. There are many fine ______ of paintings in Shanghai Museum. 3. He is now in ______ with some world-class runners. 4. This morning I had an interesting ______ with the couple who live in the flat below us. 5. She came to the ______ that she had to work harder to enter the famous school. 6. In political matters, ______ can be very difficult to make. 7. I shall never forget the ______ he left on me. 8. This is a room 8 meters in ______ and 6 meters in ______. 9. You should tell the ______, it’s good for yourself. 10. ______ helps to sell goods. 11. ______ may make you painful if you’ve hurt your back. 12. It is a ______ that the young look after the old in our family. 13. What’s the ______ to your trouble? 14. Shanghai has a larger ______ than Wuhan. 15. That place is a good ______ for the new chemical factory. 16. Thank you for your ______ that I should go to bed earlier every day. 17. Mike lives in the business ______ of the city. 18. We should work out some solutions to reduce the water ______ in our city. 19. I received his ______ but I didn’t accept it. 20. Let’s meet at Exit 2, Shanghai Railway ______. 后缀为-ize 的动词，后缀为–ing, -ed 的形容词 记住 1. memorize 道歉 2. apologize 现代化 3. modernize 组织 4. organize 其它： 令人惊讶/赞叹的 1. amazing 乏味的；无聊的； 令人厌烦的 2. boring 打扰的 3. disturbing 使人兴奋的 4. exciting 下列的；接着的；以下的 5. following 结冰的；极冷的 6. freezing 有趣的；有意思的 7. interesting 领导的；第一位的 8. leading 活（着）的 9. living 丢失的，缺少的 10. missing 感人的 11. moving 愿意的 12. willing 其它： 感到乏味的；厌倦的 1. bored 出生 2. born 破的 3. broken 关着的 4. closed 拥挤的 5. crowded 醉的 6. drunk 兴奋的 7. excited 油煎的 8. fried 受惊吓的；吃惊的 9. frightened 有天赋的 10. gifted 感兴趣的 11. interested 博学的 12. learned 已婚的 13. married 错误的 14. mistaken 感到高兴的/满意的 15. pleased 口头的 16. spoken 疲劳的，累得 17. tired 旧的 18. used 担心的 19. worried 受伤的 20. wounded 其它： 一、根据句意选用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. She ______ to me for not replying quickly. 2. The talk was very long, dull, and ______. 3. If a story is ______, you are ______ when you read it. 4. We are required to translate the ______ sentences. 5. It’s very cold today, and the temperature has dropped to ______ point. 6. At last he found the ______ letter was in his pocket. 7. I’m ______ to help the old man with his housework. 8. John is absent today because of a ______ leg. 9. The train was awfully ______ with passengers. 10. He was so ______ that he could barely get his words out. 11. Too much ______ food will do great harm to our health. 12. I’m very ______ to know that you’ve made great progress. 13. I feel very ______ today because I went to bed too late last night. 14. I’m really ______ about my mother’s health; she’s often ill. 15. The ______ soldier was sent to hospital soon. .后缀为–ful, -less 的形容词 可怕的 1. awful 美丽的 2. beautiful 小心的;仔细的 3. careful 快乐的，高兴的 4. cheerful 健忘的 5. forgetful 有害的 6. harmful 有帮助的,有益的 7. helpful 有希望的 8. hopeful 痛的 9. painful 和平的 10. peaceful 强大的 11. powerful 成功的 12. successful 感谢的,感激的 13. thankful 有用的;有益的 14. useful 美妙的,精彩的;太好了 15. wonderful 其它： 屏息的；气喘吁吁的 1. breathless 粗心的 2. careless 无穷的；没完的 3. endless 无害的 4. harmless 无助的,没有帮助的 5. helpless 没有希望的 6. hopeless 无用的,废旧的 7. useless 无用的；卑微的 8. worthless 根据句意选用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. We had an ______ storm last month. 2. We are very ______ today because we are going to enjoy a concert. 3. Smoking is greatly ______ to our health, so we shouldn’t get into the habit. 4. We hold a ______ attitude towards the future of China. 5. I always believe that China will be more and more ______. 6. Henry is a ______ driver, several accidents has occurred since last month. 7. That seemed to be an ______ talk, so I finally got tired of it. 8. It’s known to us that the ______ dinosaurs are plant-eaters. 9. The older people become, the more ______ they are. 10. Yesterday was my birthday, my friends and I had a ______ night. 后缀为 –ic, -ive的形容词、名词 基本的；基础的 1. basic 电的 2. electric 精力充沛的 3. energetic n. 魔术；魔法 4. magic a.奥林匹克的; n.奥林匹克运动会 5. Olympic 塑料的 6. plastic a.公共的，公众的; n. 公众 7. public 其它： 积极的;活跃的 1. active 有吸引力的 2. attractive 昂贵的 3. expensive 本地的;本国的;当地的 4. native a.侦探的；n.侦探 5. detective 有创造力的 6. creative 其它： 根据句意用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. This car is driven by two ______ motors. 2. The man used ______ to produce six rabbits from his hat. 3. Shanghai Library is a ______ one, anyone with the card can get in. 4. I’m very glad my friend John took an ______ part in the activity. 5. Bright colours are very ______ to young children. 6. Our ______ language is Chinese. 7. An important part of American education is to try to make students more ______. 8. We should use ______ bags as few as possible. 9. Houses in Shanghai are becoming more and more ______. 10. We teenagers like reading ______ stories, and we like Conan best. 后缀为-ous, -ly的形容词 危险的 1. dangerous 美味的,可口的 2. delicious 著名的 3. famous 慷慨的;大方的 4. generous 幽默的 5. humorous 多山的 6. mountainous 紧张的 7. nervous 宝贵的,珍贵的 8. precious 严肃的;严重的;认真的 9. serious 各种各样的,不同的 10. various 其它： 朋友般的；友好的 1. friendly 兄弟般的 2. brotherly 慈父般的 3. fatherly 每日的；日常的 4. daily 每周的 5. weekly 每月的 6. monthly 每年的 7. yearly 早的 8. early 很可能的 9. likely 活泼的 10. lively 美好的；可爱的 11. lovely 孤独的，寂寞的 12. lonely 傻的，愚蠢的 13. silly 其它： 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. He looks upset. It seems something ______ has happened to him. 2. I live alone, but I don’t feel ______. 3. (Proverb)______ to bed and ______ to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 4. It’s ______ to swim in the little river, we should be very careful. 5. It’s cloudy now, it’s ______ to rain. 6. This city is ______ for its hot spring. 7. It’s ______ of you to give me so much money. 8. I didn’t get ready for the exam, so I got very ______. 9. It’s ______ to go out in such rain without a raincoat or an umbrella. 10. My mother always cook ______ food for our family. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第二十讲 外刊精选(原创)、语法专题（语法综合）、题型套餐 （首字母+阅读单选）、词汇打卡(构词法) 外刊精选 Is plastic always bad ? 使用塑料制品一定是坏事吗？ 众所周知，塑料污染对环境有很大的危害，但使用塑料制品一定是件坏事吗？举个例子：生产一个塑料袋所消耗的自然资源以及运输它所产生的碳排放其实比生产和运输一个棉布袋所消耗的资源、产生的碳排放要少很多。如果可以重复使用这个塑料袋，而不是用过一两次后便将其丢弃，那么这个塑料袋对环境的危害并不一定比其它材质的袋子大。本文讨论塑料制品是否也有益处。 Cotton or plastic: which kind of bag is better for the environment? Many of us would naturally say that the cotton bag is best, but that might only be true if you use that bag thousands of times. Surprised? Keep listening and we’ll explain. There is no doubt that plastic is damaging for the environment in many ways. Producing it can cause toxins to be released into the atmosphere. It’s used in great quantities and often disposed of after a single use, meaning even more then needs to be produced. Thrown-away plastic can sit in landfill sites for centuries, or alternatively can contaminate the sea causing harm to wildlife and breaking down into polluting microplastics. Because of these factors, many people are looking for ways to reduce their plastic use. However, the picture is not straightforward. Let’s return to our cotton bag. It’s certainly more biodegradable than plastic, but this might be where the advantages end. The industrial production of cotton requires far more energy, along with water and pesticides. As the bags are heavier, transporting them will lead to higher carbon emissions. An article from Columbia University suggests that cotton shopping bags need to be used over 7,000 times before they are more sustainable than plastic ones. It’s not just about shopping bags. Lightweight plastic components in cars and planes help reduce fuel use and emissions. If we didn’t use so much plastic in clothing and footwear, the amount of land, water and chemicals that would be needed to produce enough natural textiles and leather would be enormous. Researchers have been looking to see if carbon could be sequestered during the production of plastics, reducing the amount in the atmosphere. One other characteristic of plastic might actually be the key to this issue. The fact that plastic lasts for centuries is what causes much of the environmental harm, but it also means it can be used to make items that can be re-used again and again. The problem is that we often don't. Plastic can cause serious harm to the environment, and efforts to throw less of it away can reduce this. Re-using it more could be one way to achieve this. 词汇表 environment 自然环境 toxin 毒素 atmosphere 大气 dispose of 扔掉，处理 thrown-away 丢弃的 landfill 垃圾填埋场 contaminate 污染，毒害 microplastic 微塑料 biodegradable 可降解的 carbon emission 碳排放 sustainable 可持续的，不破坏环境的 plastic components 塑料零件 textile 纺织物 sequester 封存 harm 危害   测验与练习 1.  阅读课文并回答问题。 1. What can be given off when plastics are produced? 2. True or False? Plastic deposited in landfill sites will quickly rot away. 3. According to the article, in what way are cotton bags better than plastic bags? 4. What benefit of plastic for vehicle production is mentioned in the article? 5. How could sequestering carbon during the plastic production process be beneficial? 2. 选择意思恰当的单词或词组来完成下列句子。 1. _______ are dangerous chemicals. Textiles                          Toxins                         Landfills                      Atmospheres 2. Too many people _______ plastic after using it once. dispose of                     sequester                    landfill                         thrown-away 3. The climate is getting warmer due to carbon dioxide in the _______. landfill                            toxins                         textile                          atmosphere 4. Re-using plastic makes it more _______. environmental               sustainable                 contaminated              textile 5. Plastic waste is hard to deal with because it is not _______. thrown-away                 landfill                         biodegradable             environmental 【文本翻译】棉花还是塑料：哪种袋子对环境更有利？我们很多人自然会说棉布袋是最好的，但这可能只有在你使用那个袋子数千次的情况下才是真的。感到惊讶吗？继续听下去，我们会解释。 毫无疑问，塑料在很多方面对环境都有损害。生产塑料会导致毒素释放到大气中。它被大量使用，而且经常只用一次就被丢弃，这意味着需要生产更多。被丢弃的塑料可以在垃圾填埋场存放数百年，或者污染海洋，对野生动物造成伤害，并分解成污染性的微塑料。 由于这些因素，许多人都在寻找减少塑料使用的方法。然而，情况并非那么简单。让我们回到我们的棉布袋。它肯定比塑料更易生物降解，但这可能就是其优势的终点。棉花的工业生产需要更多的能源，以及水和杀虫剂。由于袋子更重，运输它们会导致更高的碳排放。哥伦比亚大学的一篇文章指出，棉制购物袋需要使用超过 7000 次，才比塑料袋更具可持续性。 这不仅仅是关于购物袋。汽车和飞机中的轻质塑料部件有助于减少燃料使用和排放。如果我们在服装和鞋类中不使用那么多塑料，生产足够的天然纺织品和皮革所需的土地、水和化学品的数量将是巨大的。研究人员一直在研究是否可以在塑料生产过程中封存碳，减少大气中的碳含量。 塑料的另一个特性实际上可能是这个问题的关键。塑料能持续数百年这一事实是造成大部分环境危害的原因，但这也意味着它可以用来制造可以反复使用的物品。问题是我们经常不这样做。塑料会对环境造成严重危害，努力减少丢弃量可以减轻这种危害。更多地重复使用它可能是实现这一目标的一种方法。 语法专题 语法精选----语法单选题重难点+易错点 语法 难点/易错点 例句 冠词 理解不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的使用情况 There is an “u” and a “s” in the word “use”. (不定冠词) He is the younger of the two boys. (定冠词) 代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词正确使用 They themselves made the cake. (反身代词) The population of Shanghai is larger than that of any other city in China.（指示代词） Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from both of the methods. (不定代词) 介词 常用介词的正确搭配和意义 I am in love with music. (介词搭配) John has been on the soccer team for three years now.（介词） 宾语从句 宾语从句语序和时态问题，尤其在主从句时态呼呼 He asked what I was doing at that time. （语序为陈述句语序） She said that she had finished her homework. （主过从过完） 形容词副词 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级，以及它们的适当形式 Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot cleaner. (形容词比较级) This exam is the most difficult I have ever taken. (形容词最高级) She is smarter but less outgoing than her brother.(形容词比较级) 情态动词 不同情态动词的用法区别，以及在否定和疑问形式中的变化 —May I take this book out of the library? —No, you ______. 答案：mustn't/can't。 解析：may 提问的否定回答用 mustn't 或 can't，表示 “不可以”“禁止”。 —Must I finish my homework today? —No, you ______. You can finish it tomorrow. 答案：needn't。 解析：must 提问的否定回答用 needn't表示。 主谓一致 主语和谓语在数上的一致，涉及到集合名词、不定代词作主语等情况 The family are having dinner. （family 指家庭成员，谓语用复数） Each of the students has his or her own book. （不定代词each 作主语，谓语用单数） 非谓语动词 动名词和现在分词的区别，不定式作主语和宾语的用法 I am looking forward to seeing you soon.. （动名词） Lost in thought, he didn't notice me enter the room. （分词） He made me wait for a long time.. （不定式） 状语从句 状语从句的种类和使用，如时间、原因、结果等状语从句。 - Unless we act now, we will miss the opportunity. (条件状语从句) -He was so tired that he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.. (时间状语从句) - Since you are not ready, we will have to wait. (原因状语从句) 感叹句 What 和 How 引导的感叹句结构和用法的混淆 What a beautiful girl she is! （what 修饰名词） How beautiful the girl is! （how 修饰形容词或副词） 反意疑问句 前否后肯和前肯后否的规则，以及特殊词的反意疑问形式 There is little water in the bottle, is there? Let's go shopping, shall we? You like music, don't you? （前肯后否） He never goes to school late, does he? （前否后肯） 名词格 双重所有格的构成和用法 A friend of mine is coming. （双重所有格） 即学即练 第一套 21. It is a custom to play ________ trick on friends on April Fools’ Day. A．the B．/ C．a D．an 22. I love this picture ______ you beside the music fountain. A．in B．of C．on D．at 23. If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn how to depend on ________. A．themselves B．them C．us D．ourselves 24. There are many highrises on ________ side of Huaihai Road. What a magnificent view! A．either B．neither C．both D．all 25．During the summer camp,we found that Ken was learner among all the boys. A．quick B．quicker C．the quickest D．quickest 26．George was frightened to see a snake in the grass. His face turned ________. A．pale B．clean C．sadly D．happily 27．Jenny ______ with a Chinese family for two years. Now she’s used to the life in China. A．stays B．would stay C．is staying D．has stayed 28．-- ______do millions of online users visit the home page of the government? -- To read the news and search for the information they need. A．When B．Where C．Why D．What 29．Students ________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. A．can B．must C．need D．may 30．I will spend as much time as I can _________ the lesson. A．go over B．to go over C．going over D．gone over 31．______ exciting sport it is to climb the mountains! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 32．Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced ________ for years. A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sang 33．We should leave early tomorrow morning, ________we won't get there on time. A．so B．or C．but D．and 34．When I flew a flat paper kite for the first time, I wondered ________. A．what it made fly B．how made it fly C．what made it fly D．how it made fly 35．James is a model student at school. He’s never late for school, _________? A．isn’t he B．is he C．hasn’t he D．has he 第二套 21．In the past, desktop computers were ________ same size as televisions. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 22．It was really kind of him to take the cat to the animal centre _______a rainy night. A．in B．on C．at D．of 23．The river was seriously polluted and _________ fish could be found there. A．a little B．little C．few D．a few 24．This pair of shoes is too large for me. Can you show me ________ pair? A．the other B．another C．other D．others 25．About ________ students in our school have passed the P.E. test. A．three hundred B．hundreds of C．several hundreds D．three hundred of 26．When you stand in the well-decorated and newly-built Shanghai Astronomy Museum, you can imagine ________ in the center of space. A．to stand B．standing C．stand D．stood 27．This golden chance enables the young man ________ his life. A．improve B．improving C．to improve D．improved 28．The Nobel Prize for Literature this year ________ to an African writer, Abdulrazak, which turns out to be a big surprise. A．was awarded B．has awarded C．will award D．will be awarded 29．The old man got sick last April and ________ in bed since then. A．has been B．was C．would be D．had been 30．It’s hard for players nowadays to make great progress ________ they keep taking scientific training. A．until B．when C．unless D．though 31．Computers rarely make mistakes in calculating,? A．don’t they B．do they C．doesn’t it D．does it 32．Students ________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab. A．can B．must C．need D．may 33．—_________ is it from your school to your home? —It’s about twenty minutes’ walk. A．How long B．How far C．How soon D．How fast 34．___________unforgettable experience it is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 35．Could you tell me ________? A．when will the meeting begin B．when the meeting will begin C．when would the meeting begin D．when the meeting would begin 第三套 21．Though the film has come to ________ end, everyone is still talking about it. A．an B．the C．/ D．a 22．Tom’s mother was angry ________ him, because he failed to pass the exam. A．by B．to C．for D．with 23．________ exciting cartoons the children watched last weekend! A．How B．How a C．What an D．What 24．You look tired this morning, you’d better ________ up too late. A．not to stay B．not stay C．not staying D．not to staying 25．I wonder what is in his ________ hand. There must be some secrets. A．other B．the other C．another D．others 26．My father has worked in the office all day, so he __________ be very tired now. A．must B．need C．should D．may 27．The other day I met Mary, one of my friends. We ________ each other for five years. A．doesn’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．hadn’t seen 28．To everyone’s great joy, the experiment ________ to be a great success. A．put off B．turned over C．took up D．turned out 29．The chief detective advised us ________ twice before we made any decision. A．think B．thinking C．to think D．should think 30．________ expensive cars becomes, ________ people will drive. A．The more, the less B．The less, the more C．The less, the less D．The more, the more 31．________ you are more careful, you’ll make the same mistakes again. A．Even if B．Although C．Now that D．Unless 32．Work carefully, ________ you may make fewer mistakes in your homework. A．or B．but C．so D．and 33．It’s never late to learn in this modern world, ________? A．has it B．is it C．hasn’t it D．isn’t it 34．—________do you visit your grandparents, Timmy? —  Once a week. A．How often B．How long C．How fast D．How many 35．Could you please tell me ________? A．when the shopping center was built B．that he has already finished his homework C．if light traveled faster than sound D．how far is it from here to the library 第四套 21．I like reading. I often go to the library ________ Saturday mornings. A．to B．in C．at D．on 22．He has been in an organization in ______ European country for many years. A．an B．/ C．a 23．The teacher told the class that only three students failed the exam, and ________ all passed. A．another B．the other C．others D．the others 24．—Tom has changed a lot in the past two years. —Exactly. He looks much _________ than he used to be. A．strong B．stronger C．strongest D．the strongest 25．— When shall we go to lunch, Mr. Smith? I’m hungry. — Not until the work _________. A．will complete B．completed C．is completed D．has completed 26．Don’t worry. Your package ________ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A．kept B．was keeping C．has been kept D．will be kept 27．—On Tree Planting Day, the students in our school planted five ___________ trees on the hill. —Good job! Everyone can do some things to make our hometown greener. A．hundreds B．hundred of C．hundreds of D．hundred 28．I didn’t realize my dream by simply hoping for it, ________ by working for it. A．but B．or C．and D．so 29．Parents often expect their children ________ all the things that they couldn’t do in the past. A．to do B．doing C．did D．do 30．Why ________ it get colder when we go up a mountain? We are getting nearer to the sun! A．ought to B．should C．would D．must 31．The dumplings they offered us tasted ________. We all wanted to have some more. A．delicious B．awful C．well D．wonderfully 32．________ cold weather it is today! Please put on more clothes. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 33．The old man is easy to lose his way back home. ________ his wife. A．Neither is B．Neither does C．So does D．So is 34．________ fine weather it is! The sky is blue and the sun shining. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 35．—Tony, I am terribly sorry. I’ve forgotten to bring to your dictionary back to you today. —________. A．I’ m sorry to hear that. B．That’s all right. C．Not at all. D．You’re welcome. 第五套 21．Our students had a lot of fun on _ day of their New Year's Concert. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 22．Go straight down the street and you’ll see the post office on your right, the kindergarten. A．opposite B．between C．among D．across 23．Some people prefer to pay by credit card, would like to pay through Alipay(支付宝) A．the others B．others C．other D．another 24．During the summer camp,we found that Ken was learner among all the boys. A．quick B．quicker C．the quickest D．quickest 25．Most people ________ when the big earthquake took place in that area. A．are sleeping B．were sleeping C．has slept D．will sleep 26．Shanghai Students’ Post ________ a great help in my English learning since 2006. A．will be B．was C．has been D．had been 27．Henry has drawn five comic strips this year and two of them ________ months ago. A．published B．have published C．were published D．have been published 28．Peter considers ________ a pet dog so that he won’t feel lonely at home. A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．to keep 29．Our skiing coach warned us ________ straight down the hill. A．not go B．not going C．not to go D．don’t go 30．Mary promised to marry me last year, _________ she didn’t. A．if B．though C．but D．although 31．He plans to have a good rest ________ he’ll have enough energy to continue his work. A．as soon as B．in order to C．so that D．now that 32．________ cold weather it is today! Please put on more clothes. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 33．—Is Mike knocking at the door? —It ______ be Mike. He is in America now. A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．may not 34．—I really hate to do some shopping on the weekends. —________. A．So am I B．So will I C．So do I D．So did I 35．—It’s a bit cold today. Would you mind closing the window? —_________. A．Never mind B．Of course not C．It doesn’t matter D．No, thanks 阅读套餐 PASSAGE 1 （22-23九年级上·上海嘉定·期中）在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词, 首字母已给。 In nature, you may see many insects and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why? Locusts（蝗虫）are super delicious f 1 for birds, but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them. It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies. The reason is that the colors of locusts c 2 with the colors of crops. When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do. Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can’t be seen e 3 by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil insects are mostly dark-colored and they live under the soil（土壤）in a dark and wet e 4 . However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to s 5 , they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.   Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts? The ink fish（墨鱼）in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find t 6 suddenly in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself s 7 though it is not strong at all. PASSAGE 2 （23-24九年级上·上海虹口·期末）Choose the best answer (根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案) Cadets are young people, like you, who usually meet once a week after school at their army unit or at weekends. If you join the cadet program, you’ll learn basic skills such as bush survival, first aid and navigation by day and by night. Abseiling and Rope activities Overcome your fear of heights by taking part in rope activities. You’ll wear a harness (保护带) and a helmet and you’ll lower yourself from a high point to the ground. Camping and other training You’ll learn to pitch a tent with tools such as support poles, a rope, a hammer and build a shelter. You’ll also learn to store and prepare food. You will be taught how to start a fire. First aid First aid is an important skill to learn. You will be able to manage and organize first aid on water or in the bush (灌木丛). You will learn to dress wounds. In conclusion, you will learn how to ________. Navigation Learn how to navigate using a map and a compass. Start with e-learning and classroom instruction. Then put what you have learned into practice during day and night trips for exploration. Boat and water skills Go canoeing, build a raft and learn important swimming and life-saving skills. 8．The cadets usually meet ________ a week after school to learn basic skills. A．once B．twice C．three times D．four times 9．Which picture shows abseiling and rope activities? A． B． C． D． 10．The underlined word “pitch” possibly means _________. A．take out B．pack up C．pick out D．set up 11．Cadets in First aid will learn how to _________. A．go through a bush B．deal with medical emergencies C．get along with other cadets D．take care of the old 12．Sam thinks he has developed a good sense of direction and can apply knowledge that he has learned in life. Which training program is he in? A．Abseiling and Rope activities. B．Camping and other training. C．Navigation. D．Boat and water skills. 13．The writing purpose of this passage is to _________. A．introduce the programs for cadets B．complain about the bad training environment C．compare different programs for cadets D．show the importance of learning some basic skills 词汇打卡 读一读、背一背、练一练 （构词法知识） 后缀为-ist, -or 的名词 艺术家；画家 漫画家；动画片画家 骑自行车的人 自然学家 小说家 物理学家 钢琴家 现实主义者 科学家 专家 游客 打字员 小提琴手 其它： 男演员 医生 发明家，创造者 班长；监视器 参观者；访问者 其它： 根据句意用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. The ______ in our class is very good at English. 2. Catherine is a social ______ from the UK. 3. (Proverb) The ______ is often more to be feared than the disease. (…往往比疾病更令人生畏) 4. Shanghai is full of ______ from different countries. 5. John Henderson is a ______ in heart diseases in the United States. 6. One of my aunts works as a ______ in a company in Beijing, she types very fast. 7. I like physics very much, and my ambition is to become a ______ in the future. 8. This ______ has written five famous novels in the past three years. 9. ______ should be very careful on the road in rush hours. 10. Among all the ______ in America, I like Thomas Edison best. 后缀为-er, -ar, -ance, -ence的名词 兄；弟 顾客，主顾 女儿 司机，驾驶员 农民，农夫 父亲 经理 母亲 官员，办事员 拥有者；物主 搭档，合作者 记者 姐；妹 士兵；战士 教师 （13-19岁的）青少年 获胜者 工作者；工人 作家 其它： 乞丐 撒谎者 明星 平衡 机会 距离 入口；入场 重要性 表演，演出；行动 观众；听众 （正式的）会议；讨论会 不同 经验；经历 栅栏；围栏；篱笆 参考 科学；自然科学 句子 其它： 一、根据句意用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. It is necessary to share profits (利润) among the ______. 2. Although Tom is only 15 years old, he has his own business. He is a busy ______. 3. He lost his ______ and fell off his bike. 4. The famous actor knows how to attract his ______. 5. Our English club may give a ______ of Hamlet next week. 6. So far it has been the greatest discovery in ______. 7. We all know the ______ of learning English especially when we are young. 8. You should make a ______ to the guide book. 9. Jack will wait for me at the ______ of the hospital. 10. I’m sorry to say you have missed a very good ______. 11. Yesterday I had pity on a ______ and gave him 10 yuan. 12. There is a great ______ between Chinese and English grammar. 13. Our physics teacher has a lot of ______ in teaching. 14. Our English teacher asked us to make ______ with the words. 15. Mr. Smith can’t see you at the moment; he is now attending a ______. 后缀为-tion, -sion, -th, -ment的名词 增加 雄心；野心 注意；关心 收集；收藏品 比赛；竞赛 祝贺 会话；谈话 展览；展览会 代；一代 信息；情报；资料 发明，创造 邀请；请帖 位置；场所 职业 手术 组织，团体，机构 污染 人口；人数 问题 部分；部门；栏目 形势，情况；场面 解决方法；解答 车站；电台 建议，提议 传统 结论；结束，结局 决定；决心 讨论 印象 电视 其它： 死亡 深度 生长；发展 长度 力量 真理；真相，实际情况 温暖 牙齿 牙齿（复数） 青少年时期；年轻人 广告 发展 同意；协议 分歧 鼓励 判断 活动；运动；移动 陈述，声明 待遇；治疗 其它： 根据句意选用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. His ______ is to become a world champion (冠军). 2. There are many fine ______ of paintings in Shanghai Museum. 3. He is now in ______ with some world-class runners. 4. This morning I had an interesting ______ with the couple who live in the flat below us. 5. She came to the ______ that she had to work harder to enter the famous school. 6. In political matters, ______ can be very difficult to make. 7. I shall never forget the ______ he left on me. 8. This is a room 8 meters in ______ and 6 meters in ______. 9. You should tell the ______, it’s good for yourself. 10. ______ helps to sell goods. 11. ______ may make you painful if you’ve hurt your back. 12. It is a ______ that the young look after the old in our family. 13. What’s the ______ to your trouble? 14. Shanghai has a larger ______ than Wuhan. 15. That place is a good ______ for the new chemical factory. 16. Thank you for your ______ that I should go to bed earlier every day. 17. Mike lives in the business ______ of the city. 18. We should work out some solutions to reduce the water ______ in our city. 19. I received his ______ but I didn’t accept it. 20. Let’s meet at Exit 2, Shanghai Railway ______. 后缀为-ize 的动词，后缀为–ing, -ed 的形容词 记住 1. memorize 道歉 2. apologize 现代化 3. modernize 组织 4. organize 其它： 令人惊讶/赞叹的 1. amazing 乏味的；无聊的； 令人厌烦的 2. boring 打扰的 3. disturbing 使人兴奋的 4. exciting 下列的；接着的；以下的 5. following 结冰的；极冷的 6. freezing 有趣的；有意思的 7. interesting 领导的；第一位的 8. leading 活（着）的 9. living 丢失的，缺少的 10. missing 感人的 11. moving 愿意的 12. willing 其它： 感到乏味的；厌倦的 1. bored 出生 2. born 破的 3. broken 关着的 4. closed 拥挤的 5. crowded 醉的 6. drunk 兴奋的 7. excited 油煎的 8. fried 受惊吓的；吃惊的 9. frightened 有天赋的 10. gifted 感兴趣的 11. interested 博学的 12. learned 已婚的 13. married 错误的 14. mistaken 感到高兴的/满意的 15. pleased 口头的 16. spoken 疲劳的，累得 17. tired 旧的 18. used 担心的 19. worried 受伤的 20. wounded 其它： 一、根据句意选用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. She ______ to me for not replying quickly. 2. The talk was very long, dull, and ______. 3. If a story is ______, you are ______ when you read it. 4. We are required to translate the ______ sentences. 5. It’s very cold today, and the temperature has dropped to ______ point. 6. At last he found the ______ letter was in his pocket. 7. I’m ______ to help the old man with his housework. 8. John is absent today because of a ______ leg. 9. The train was awfully ______ with passengers. 10. He was so ______ that he could barely get his words out. 11. Too much ______ food will do great harm to our health. 12. I’m very ______ to know that you’ve made great progress. 13. I feel very ______ today because I went to bed too late last night. 14. I’m really ______ about my mother’s health; she’s often ill. 15. The ______ soldier was sent to hospital soon. .后缀为–ful, -less 的形容词 可怕的 美丽的 小心的;仔细的 快乐的，高兴的 健忘的 有害的 有帮助的,有益的 有希望的 痛的 和平的 强大的 成功的 感谢的,感激的 有用的;有益的 美妙的,精彩的;太好了 其它： 屏息的；气喘吁吁的 粗心的 无穷的；没完的 无害的 无助的,没有帮助的 没有希望的 无用的,废旧的 无用的；卑微的 根据句意选用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. We had an ______ storm last month. 2. We are very ______ today because we are going to enjoy a concert. 3. Smoking is greatly ______ to our health, so we shouldn’t get into the habit. 4. We hold a ______ attitude towards the future of China. 5. I always believe that China will be more and more ______. 6. Henry is a ______ driver, several accidents has occurred since last month. 7. That seemed to be an ______ talk, so I finally got tired of it. 8. It’s known to us that the ______ dinosaurs are plant-eaters. 9. The older people become, the more ______ they are. 10. Yesterday was my birthday, my friends and I had a ______ night. 后缀为 –ic, -ive的形容词、名词 基本的；基础的 电的 精力充沛的 n. 魔术；魔法 a.奥林匹克的; n.奥林匹克运动会 塑料的 a.公共的，公众的; n. 公众 其它： 积极的;活跃的 有吸引力的 昂贵的 本地的;本国的;当地的 a.侦探的；n.侦探 有创造力的 其它： 根据句意用以上单词的适当形式填空 1. This car is driven by two ______ motors. 2. The man used ______ to produce six rabbits from his hat. 3. Shanghai Library is a ______ one, anyone with the card can get in. 4. I’m very glad my friend John took an ______ part in the activity. 5. Bright colours are very ______ to young children. 6. Our ______ language is Chinese. 7. An important part of American education is to try to make students more ______. 8. We should use ______ bags as few as possible. 9. Houses in Shanghai are becoming more and more ______. 10. We teenagers like reading ______ stories, and we like Conan best. 后缀为-ous, -ly的形容词 危险的 美味的,可口的 著名的 慷慨的;大方的 幽默的 多山的 紧张的 宝贵的,珍贵的 严肃的;严重的;认真的 各种各样的,不同的 其它： 朋友般的；友好的 兄弟般的 慈父般的 每日的；日常的 每周的 每月的 每年的 早的 很可能的 活泼的 美好的；可爱的 孤独的，寂寞的 傻的，愚蠢的 其它： 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. He looks upset. It seems something ______ has happened to him. 2. I live alone, but I don’t feel ______. 3. (Proverb)______ to bed and ______ to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 4. It’s ______ to swim in the little river, we should be very careful. 5. It’s cloudy now, it’s ______ to rain. 6. This city is ______ for its hot spring. 7. It’s ______ of you to give me so much money. 8. I didn’t get ready for the exam, so I got very ______. 9. It’s ______ to go out in such rain without a raincoat or an umbrella. 10. My mother always cook ______ food for our family. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$