选择性必修第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists (人物介绍类）-【同步写作课】2024-2025学年高二英语单元写作深度指导（人教版2019）

Unit 1 Science and Scientists (说明文）（人教版2019） Write about what makes a great scientist（人物介绍类） 单元话题 真题展示 考情预测 说明文 2020年全国高考卷 该板块的活动主题为“写一写伟大科学家的必备素养”。该板块有两个阅读语篇，它们从不同角度简要叙述了科学家钱学森和史蒂芬霍金的经历、重要贡献、性格特点以及他们所具备的科学素养。在写作策略和技巧上，两个语篇都有效使用了一些衔接词语，如：however、nevertheless、because、in general、besides、furthermore、above all等。阅读文本中的范例有助于学生领会、体验衔接词语的意义和作用，为他们接下来完成写作任务提供指导。 1. learn about the life story of Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking; 2. be able to express opinions on outstanding personalities of scientists; 3. write about what makes a great scientist; 4. learn to use the linking words and phrases to make the writing in a logical order. 1.（2023·全国·高考真题）（2023高三·全国·专题练习）你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹； 2. 意义或启示。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已为你写好。 人物介绍类写作应注意以下几点： 1．选取典型事例、重要成就来表现人物的优秀品质。介绍人物时，应有相应的事例作为支撑。正所谓“人因事显”，离开具体的事例，人物的性格、品质和精神面貌都无从表现出来。因此，选材一定要认真仔细，安排材料时还应分清主次，详略得当。 2．借助合理的写作手法突出人物的优秀品质。可以运用侧面描写、对比、衬托等手法来突出人物的形象。 3．写作时可根据需要采用顺叙、倒叙、插叙等不同的叙述方式，以突出重点信息。 4．写作过程中要注意人称的变化和时态的运用。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹等常用一般过去时。 5．恰当使用总结性语言，对人物的优秀品质进行点睛式的概括，从而进一步升华主题。 段落 内容 句子设计 开头 第一段言简意赅.开门见山，直奔主题，简要介绍人物身份及其成就 1.背景: ....was born in/into a poor/rich family in ..;. when .. was young;at the age of..; ... spent one's childhood in..; his parents are both famous musicians... 2.外貌: beautiful, pretty, good-looking ，ordinary-looking, odd-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin .. 3.品质或个性: committed, kind, determined，gentle,considerate，optimistic,easy- going，warm-hearted, hard-working ，responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous... 4.爱好: be good at; have a great gift for; be keen on; be interested in; be fond of; be crazy about... 5.教育背景: graduated from; got/earned a(n) .. degree; majored in;went abroad to further one' s study... 主体 第二段介绍人物的主要经历 devote oneself to; do sth with great determination; fight for; make up one's mind to do sth; be determined to do sth; overcome many difficulties; try one's best to do sth;enjoy widespread popularity; win fame as; make great contributions to... 结尾 第三段用一两句话总结全文,达到首尾呼应，画龙点睛的效果 one of the best; the most important; one of the heroes of the 20th century; set a good example to;is the pride of; be regarded as...; be recognized as..; be respected/honored as--.; sb still lives in one's heart... 【词汇积累】:积累单元话题词汇; 1. _______________________一个高1.8米的男孩/一个18岁的男孩 2. _______________________在五岁时 3. _______________________ 在……方面有经验 4. _______________________ 有……的天赋 5. _______________________身体健康 6. _______________________  从……毕业 7. _______________________ 以……为专业 8._______________________e 获得硕士学位 9._______________________ 获得……称号 10. _______________________ 获得金/银/铜牌 11._______________________ 获得一等奖/第一名  12．_______________________　 出生在一个……的家庭 13．_______________________ 在某人十几/二十几/三十几岁的时候 14．_______________________ 长相普通/英俊 15．_______________________ 毕业于…… 16．_______________________ 获得……方面的学位 17．_______________________ 对……有浓厚的兴趣 18．_______________________ 有……天赋 19．_______________________ 竭尽全力做某事 20．_______________________ 受……尊重 21．_______________________ 献身于 22．_______________________ 为……树立榜样 23．_______________________ 被誉为…… 24．_______________________　 全心全意为……服务 25_______________________ 高度评价 26．_______________________ 为……作出伟大的贡献 【句式积累】: 1．Majoring in medical science, he graduated from Sun Yat-Sen University with a bachelor's degree in 1989 and four years later, he went abroad for further studies. 他主修医学，1989年毕业于中山大学并获得学士学位。四年后，他出国留学深造。 2．Born in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in December 1930, Tu Youyou showed a strong interest in medicine while she was young. 屠呦呦1930年12月出生于浙江省宁波市，年轻时就对医学表现出浓厚的兴趣。 3．He is a good doctor in the countrymen's eyes and respected by the people. 他在国人的眼中是一名好医生，并受到人们的尊敬。 4．She made up her mind to study hard and dreamt of becoming a scientist. 她下定决心要努力学习，并梦想成为一名科学家。 5．During all her life, she worked very hard and discovered the element radium. She received the Nobel Prizes in 1903 and in 1911. 在她的一生中，她努力工作，发现了元素镭。她分别于1903年和1911年获得了诺贝尔奖。 6．He is an outstanding man, whose courage, talent and humour inspire the people all over the world. 他是一个杰出的人，他的勇气、才华和幽默激励着全世界的人。 7．His life experience is inspiring young people to achieve their dreams. 他的人生经历正鼓舞着年轻人去实现他们的梦想。 8．Today she is remembered not only as a great scientist, but also for her determination and courage. 今天，她被铭记不仅作为一位伟大的科学家，还有她的决心和勇气。 9．He is devoted to his research, making him one of the most outstanding scientists in the field. 他致力于自己的研究工作，成为该领域最杰出的科学家之一。 10．Newton is considered as one of the greatest scientists in history for his discovery of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. 牛顿因发现万有引力和三大运动定律而被认为是历史上最伟大的科学家之一。 【万能写作模板】给出写作模板,便于识记。 　Born in_________________(出生地),_________________(人物)was/is_________________(职业或头衔). When he/she was young,_________________(事件). In_________________(时间),(事件). From_________________(时间) to_________________(时间),he/she_________________(事件或经历). He/She made a great contribution to_________________(成就). 2.假没你是李华，你的英国朋友Jery在来信中提到他对中国的唐诗很感兴趣，想让你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的唐代诗人。你决定向他介绍诗人李白，信的内容主要包括: 1.诗人的基本情况; 2.诗人的代表作品; 3.你喜欢他的原因。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已经为你写好,不计入总词数。 Dear Jerry, How are you ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [审题谋篇] 这是一篇提纲类写作。 [详解] 第1步:根据提示可知，假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jerry在来信中提到对中国的唐诗很感兴趣，想让你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的唐代诗人。你决定向他介绍诗人李白，信的内容主要包括: 1. 诗人的基本情况; 2. 诗人的代表作品; 3.你喜欢他的原因。 第2步:根据写作要求，确定关键词(组):_______________________(热爱);Tang poetry(唐诗);____________(著名的};____________s(超过) ;____________(黄金时代} ;____________(有重要影响)等。 第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。 第4步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 一、单句或语篇写作 1．（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）读书是我生命中极其重要的一部分。(汉译英) 2．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）自从订阅《青年》报纸以来我已成为一名忠实的读者。（汉译英） 3．（23-24高一下·山东枣庄·阶段练习）没有证据表明这个苹果砸在了他的头上。(汉译英) 4．（23-24高一下·北京·期中）这项任务困难的原因在于团队只有有限的资源。(The reason why... is...) （汉译英） 5．（23-24高一下·北京顺义·期中）灭火队员令人佩服的原因是他们灭火并且拯救人的生命。（put out fires）（汉译英） 6．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）我取得了稳定的进步，这反过来又增强了我的信心。(非限制性定语从句) 7．（23-24高二下·天津静海·阶段练习）这就是这些士兵不顾自身安危为自由而战的原因。(用why引导表语从句翻译句子) 8．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）清明节放风筝的独特之处在于人们会剪断风筝线，让风筝自由飞翔。人们相信这一习俗能带来好运并除病消灾。这就是为什么有时你会在公园和田野里发现地上有纸风筝。（汉译英） 9．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）关于端午节最受欢迎的传说是屈原的故事。屈原是战国七雄之一的楚国的大臣，也是一位爱国诗人，他写了很多作品来表达他对国家的热爱和忠诚。被楚王流放后，他宁愿投河自尽，也不愿看到自己的国家被秦国侵略占领。他死于农历五月初五，因此人们决定在每年的这一天来纪念他。（汉译英） 10．（23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）她一直专心从事中医药的科研工作。(be absorbed in) (汉译英) 语段翻译 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Peter, Born into a wealthy household on December 11, 1911, Zhejiang Province, Qian Xuesen 11 (他如此聪明以至于被认为是) a “super­gifted” boy in his childhood. He graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study, 12 (他在那里获得博士学位). He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all. After he returned to China, he committed 13 (he) to China’s aerospace industry, 14 (handle) the design and 15 (负责火箭、导弹的研制工作). 16 (正是由于他的杰出成就) we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland. 2． 书面表达 1．（23-24高一下·吉林长春·期末）中国女药学家屠呦呦在2015年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，是中国人的骄傲。请根据以下提示以The great Person I Admire为题目介绍屠呦呦的故事。 1). 屠呦呦，女，药学家。1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波。1951年考入北京大学。毕业后，她投入到治疗疟疾的研究中。 2). 她非常地尽职尽责，耐心谦虚。经过各种艰辛的努力，因为发现了青蒿素在2015年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 3). 你对屠呦呦的评价。 要求：包括以上提示内容，可适当添加细节，词数120左右。 参考词汇：药学家pharmacologist;疟疾malaria;青蒿素artemisinin;诺贝尔生理学或医学奖Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The great Person I Admire ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．（23-24高一下·贵州贵阳·期末）你校英语报正组织英语作文比赛，请以你最尊敬的一位科学家为话题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹： 2.你的感悟。 注意： 1. 字数80词左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．（23-24高二下·四川攀枝花·期末）假定你是李华，你们学校正在举办主题为“用外语讲好中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位做出杰出贡献的当代中国科学家为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹; 2.意义或启示。 注意：1.词数80词左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 An Outstanding Chinese Scientist I Admire ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹； 2. 意义或启示。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已为你写好。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．（2020·全国·高考真题）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括: 1. 人物简介； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意: 1. 词数100左右； 2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Science and Scientists (说明文）（人教版2019） Write about what makes a great scientist（人物介绍类） 单元话题 真题展示 考情预测 说明文 2020年全国高考卷 该板块的活动主题为“写一写伟大科学家的必备素养”。该板块有两个阅读语篇，它们从不同角度简要叙述了科学家钱学森和史蒂芬霍金的经历、重要贡献、性格特点以及他们所具备的科学素养。在写作策略和技巧上，两个语篇都有效使用了一些衔接词语，如：however、nevertheless、because、in general、besides、furthermore、above all等。阅读文本中的范例有助于学生领会、体验衔接词语的意义和作用，为他们接下来完成写作任务提供指导。 1. learn about the life story of Qian Xuesen and Stephen Hawking; 2. be able to express opinions on outstanding personalities of scientists; 3. write about what makes a great scientist; 4. learn to use the linking words and phrases to make the writing in a logical order. 1.（2023·全国·高考真题）（2023高三·全国·专题练习）你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹； 2. 意义或启示。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已为你写好。 人物介绍类写作应注意以下几点： 1．选取典型事例、重要成就来表现人物的优秀品质。介绍人物时，应有相应的事例作为支撑。正所谓“人因事显”，离开具体的事例，人物的性格、品质和精神面貌都无从表现出来。因此，选材一定要认真仔细，安排材料时还应分清主次，详略得当。 2．借助合理的写作手法突出人物的优秀品质。可以运用侧面描写、对比、衬托等手法来突出人物的形象。 3．写作时可根据需要采用顺叙、倒叙、插叙等不同的叙述方式，以突出重点信息。 4．写作过程中要注意人称的变化和时态的运用。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹等常用一般过去时。 5．恰当使用总结性语言，对人物的优秀品质进行点睛式的概括，从而进一步升华主题。 段落 内容 句子设计 开头 第一段言简意赅.开门见山，直奔主题，简要介绍人物身份及其成就 1.背景: ....was born in/into a poor/rich family in ..;. when .. was young;at the age of..; ... spent one's childhood in..; his parents are both famous musicians... 2.外貌: beautiful, pretty, good-looking ，ordinary-looking, odd-looking, handsome, strong, fat, thin .. 3.品质或个性: committed, kind, determined，gentle,considerate，optimistic,easy- going，warm-hearted, hard-working ，responsible, patient, helpful, friendly, generous... 4.爱好: be good at; have a great gift for; be keen on; be interested in; be fond of; be crazy about... 5.教育背景: graduated from; got/earned a(n) .. degree; majored in;went abroad to further one' s study... 主体 第二段介绍人物的主要经历 devote oneself to; do sth with great determination; fight for; make up one's mind to do sth; be determined to do sth; overcome many difficulties; try one's best to do sth;enjoy widespread popularity; win fame as; make great contributions to... 结尾 第三段用一两句话总结全文,达到首尾呼应，画龙点睛的效果 one of the best; the most important; one of the heroes of the 20th century; set a good example to;is the pride of; be regarded as...; be recognized as..; be respected/honored as--.; sb still lives in one's heart... 【词汇积累】:积累单元话题词汇; 1. a 1.80-meter-tall boy / an 18-year-old boy 一个高1.8米的男孩/一个18岁的男孩 2. at the age of five在五岁时 3. be experienced in 在……方面有经验 4. have a gift for 有……的天赋 5. be in good health shape/condition 身体健康 6. graduate from...  从……毕业 7. major in 以……为专业 8. get a master’s degree 获得硕士学位 9. be given the title of... 获得……称号 10. win a gold/silver/copper medal 获得金/银/铜牌 11.gain/win the first prize/place 获得一等奖/第一名  12．be born in a ... family　 出生在一个……的家庭 13．in one's teens/twenties/thirties 在某人十几/二十几/三十几岁的时候 14．ordinary/plain-looking/handsome-looking长相普通/英俊 15．graduate from ... 毕业于…… 16．get/obtain a ... degree in ... 获得……方面的学位 17．show (a) strong interest in ... /take (a) great interest in ... 对……有浓厚的兴趣 18．have a gift/talent for ... 有……天赋 19．make every/great effort to do sth./try one's best to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事 20．be respected by ... 受……尊重 21．devote oneself to 献身于 22．set an example to ... 为……树立榜样 23．be honored as ... 被誉为…… 24．serve ... heart and soul 　 全心全意为……服务 25．think/speak highly of 高度评价 26．make great contributions to ... 为……作出伟大的贡献 【句式积累】: 1．Majoring in medical science, he graduated from Sun Yat-Sen University with a bachelor's degree in 1989 and four years later, he went abroad for further studies. 他主修医学，1989年毕业于中山大学并获得学士学位。四年后，他出国留学深造。 2．Born in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province in December 1930, Tu Youyou showed a strong interest in medicine while she was young. 屠呦呦1930年12月出生于浙江省宁波市，年轻时就对医学表现出浓厚的兴趣。 3．He is a good doctor in the countrymen's eyes and respected by the people. 他在国人的眼中是一名好医生，并受到人们的尊敬。 4．She made up her mind to study hard and dreamt of becoming a scientist. 她下定决心要努力学习，并梦想成为一名科学家。 5．During all her life, she worked very hard and discovered the element radium. She received the Nobel Prizes in 1903 and in 1911. 在她的一生中，她努力工作，发现了元素镭。她分别于1903年和1911年获得了诺贝尔奖。 6．He is an outstanding man, whose courage, talent and humour inspire the people all over the world. 他是一个杰出的人，他的勇气、才华和幽默激励着全世界的人。 7．His life experience is inspiring young people to achieve their dreams. 他的人生经历正鼓舞着年轻人去实现他们的梦想。 8．Today she is remembered not only as a great scientist, but also for her determination and courage. 今天，她被铭记不仅作为一位伟大的科学家，还有她的决心和勇气。 9．He is devoted to his research, making him one of the most outstanding scientists in the field. 他致力于自己的研究工作，成为该领域最杰出的科学家之一。 10．Newton is considered as one of the greatest scientists in history for his discovery of universal gravitation and the three laws of motion. 牛顿因发现万有引力和三大运动定律而被认为是历史上最伟大的科学家之一。 【万能写作模板】给出写作模板,便于识记。 　Born in_________________(出生地),_________________(人物)was/is_________________(职业或头衔). When he/she was young,_________________(事件). In_________________(时间),(事件). From_________________(时间) to_________________(时间),he/she_________________(事件或经历). He/She made a great contribution to_________________(成就). 2.假没你是李华，你的英国朋友Jery在来信中提到他对中国的唐诗很感兴趣，想让你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的唐代诗人。你决定向他介绍诗人李白，信的内容主要包括: 1.诗人的基本情况; 2.诗人的代表作品; 3.你喜欢他的原因。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已经为你写好,不计入总词数。 Dear Jerry, How are you ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua [审题谋篇] 这是一篇提纲类写作。 [详解] 第1步:根据提示可知，假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jerry在来信中提到对中国的唐诗很感兴趣，想让你给他介绍一位你最喜欢的唐代诗人。你决定向他介绍诗人李白，信的内容主要包括: 1. 诗人的基本情况; 2. 诗人的代表作品; 3.你喜欢他的原因。 第2步:根据写作要求，确定关键词(组):have a great passion for (热爱);Tang poetry(唐诗);distinguished(著名的};surpass(超过) ;a golden age(黄金时代} ;have significant influences on(有重要影响)等。 第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。 第4步:连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 [答案] Dear Jerry, How are you? I'm so happy that you have a great passion for Tang poetry and want to know more about the poets of the Tang Dynasty. Among all those distinguished poets, the romantic poet Li Bai is a unique one whose status can never be surpassed. Living in a golden age of Chinese poetry, Li Bai is renowned for his rich imagination and striking imagery in his poetry, as well as for his great love for liquor. Many of his poems, such as Jing Ye Si, Jiang Jing Jiu,and Shu Dao Nan,still have significant influences on young people today. What I appreciate most are his landscape poems, which are clear and natural in words with profound messages. They convey his strong love for nature, friends and people. I'll send you a collection of Li Bai's poems. I'm sure you will develop a love for him by reading his beautiful poems. Best wishes. Yours , Li Hua [点睛]范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I'm so happy that you have a great passion for Tang poetry and want to know more about the poets of the Tang Dynasty.运用了结果状语从句;What I appreciate most are his landscape poems, which are cear and natural in words with profound messages,运用了主语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 一、单句或语篇写作 1．（24-25高二上·全国·单元测试）读书是我生命中极其重要的一部分。(汉译英) 【答案】Reading is a vital part of my life. 【详解】考查时态和短语。此处主语为Reading；表示“是……很重要的一部分”短语为be a vital part of；后跟my life作宾语。描述习惯和爱好用一般现在时。故翻译为Reading is a vital part of my life. 2．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）自从订阅《青年》报纸以来我已成为一名忠实的读者。（汉译英） 【答案】I have been a devoted reader since I subscribed to the newspaper Youth. 【详解】考查时间状语从句和时态。表示“自从订阅《青年》报纸以来”用连词since引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，since从句中，主语“我”I，“订阅”subscribe to，动词使用过去式形式，to后接宾语“《青年》报纸”the newspaper Youth，主句主语I，be动词使用have been，表语“一名忠实的读者”a devoted reader。故翻译为I have been a devoted reader since I subscribed to the newspaper Youth. 3．（23-24高一下·山东枣庄·阶段练习）没有证据表明这个苹果砸在了他的头上。(汉译英) 【答案】There is no proof that the apple hit him on the head. 【详解】考查同位语从句。句子用一个含有同位语从句的主从复合句来表达，主句描述客观现实，应用一般现在时，“没有证据表明……”There is no proof that...，that引导的同位语从句中，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，主语“这个苹果”the apple，“砸在某人的头上”hit sb. on the head，hit用过去式形式，后接宾语“他”him。故翻译为There is no proof that the apple hit him on the head. 4．（23-24高一下·北京·期中）这项任务困难的原因在于团队只有有限的资源。(The reason why... is...) （汉译英） 【答案】The reason why the task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. 【详解】考查固定句型。句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，结合提示可知，“……的原因在于”使用固定句型The reason why... was...，why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，“任务”使用名词task，“困难”使用形容词difficult作表语，故定语从句译为why the task was difficult，“团队只有有限的资源”译为一个表语从句，“团队”使用名词team，“有”使用动词have，“有限的资源”译为limited resources，故表语从句译为the team had limited resources，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，故翻译为：The reason why the task was difficult was that the team had limited resources. 5．（23-24高一下·北京顺义·期中）灭火队员令人佩服的原因是他们灭火并且拯救人的生命。（put out fires）（汉译英） 【答案】The reason why firefighters are admirable is that they put out fires and save people’s lives. 【详解】考查定语从句，表语从句和短语。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时。表示“……的原因是……”用固定句型The reason why…is that…，其中包含why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句。表示“消防员”用firefighters，表示“令人佩服的”用admirable，表示“灭火”用put out fires，表示“拯救人的生命”用save people’s lives，两个动词短语之间用and连接。故翻译为The reason why firefighters are admirable is that they put out fires and save people’s lives. 6．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）我取得了稳定的进步，这反过来又增强了我的信心。(非限制性定语从句) 【答案】I made steady progress, which in turn boosted my confidence. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。根据句意可知，本句为一般过去时，取得稳定的进步为make steady progress，我取得了稳定的进步翻译为：I made steady progress。“这反过来又增强了我的信心”处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子做主语，反过来为in turn, “增强了我的信心”为boost my confidence，句子为一般过去时。故翻译为：I made steady progress, which in turn boosted my confidence. 7．（23-24高二下·天津静海·阶段练习）这就是这些士兵不顾自身安危为自由而战的原因。(用why引导表语从句翻译句子) 【答案】That was why the soldiers fought for freedom regardless of their own safety. 【详解】考查固定句型、动词短语、时态、介词短语和名词。表示“士兵”应用名词the soldiers，作主语；表示“这就是为什么……”应用固定句型That is why...，why引导表语从句，由句意此处应用一般过去时；表示“为……而战”应用动词短语fight for，作从句的谓语动词，由句意动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时；示“自由”应用名词freedom，作宾语；表示“不顾……”应用介词短语regardless of；表示“自身的安全”应用名词短语their own safety，作宾语。故翻译为That was why the soldiers fought for freedom regardless of their own safety。 8．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）清明节放风筝的独特之处在于人们会剪断风筝线，让风筝自由飞翔。人们相信这一习俗能带来好运并除病消灾。这就是为什么有时你会在公园和田野里发现地上有纸风筝。（汉译英） 【答案】The uniqueness of kite-flying during the Qingming Festival lies in that people may cut the string to let the kite fly freely. People believe that this custom can bring good luck and remove diseases. This is why you might sometimes find paper kites lying on the ground in parks and fields. 【详解】考查固定句型和短语。表示“清明节放风筝的独特之处”为the uniqueness of kite-flying during the Qingming Festival；表示“在于……”为短语lie in ...，“人们会剪断风筝线，让风筝自由飞翔”表达为that引导的宾语从句，从句主语为people；表示“剪断风筝线，让风筝自由飞翔”翻译为cut the string to let the kite fly freely，为一般现在时；第二句主语为people；表示“相信”为believe，后跟that引导宾语从句；表示“这一习俗”为this custom；表示“带来好运并除病消灾”翻译为bring good luck and remove diseases，can后跟动词原形；表示“这就是为什么……”句型为this is why...，why引导表语从句，从句主语为you；表示“在公园和田野里发现地上有纸风筝”翻译为 find paper kites lying on the ground in parks and fields，might后跟动词原形，表示“有时”应用sometimes。故翻译为：The uniqueness of kite-flying during the Qingming Festival lies in that people may cut the string to let the kite fly freely. People believe that this custom can bring good luck and remove diseases. This is why you might sometimes find paper kites lying on the ground in parks and fields. 9．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）关于端午节最受欢迎的传说是屈原的故事。屈原是战国七雄之一的楚国的大臣，也是一位爱国诗人，他写了很多作品来表达他对国家的热爱和忠诚。被楚王流放后，他宁愿投河自尽，也不愿看到自己的国家被秦国侵略占领。他死于农历五月初五，因此人们决定在每年的这一天来纪念他。（汉译英） 【答案】The most popular legend about the Dragon Boat Festival is the story of Qu Yuan. As a minister in the State of Chu, one of the seven Warring States, Qu Yuan was a patriotic poet who wrote a lot of works to show his loyalty and devotion to his country. After he was exiled by the king, he would rather drown himself in the river than see his country invaded and conquered by the State of Qin. He died on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and thus people decided to commemorate him on that day every year. 【详解】考查定语从句、状语从句固定搭配。根据所给中文句子，“关于端午节最受欢迎的传说是屈原的故事。”译为“The most popular legend about the Dragon Boat Festival is the story of Qu Yuan.”描述客观事实，用一般现在时，“屈原是战国七雄之一的楚国的大臣，也是一位爱国诗人，他写了很多作品来表达他对国家的热爱和忠诚。”本句可用定语从句，其中“战国七雄之一的楚国的大臣”可用介词短语，译为“As a minister in the State of Chu, one of the seven Warring States”，“也是一位爱国诗人”为主句，译为“Qu Yuan was a patriotic poet”描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“他写了很多作品来表达他对国家的热爱和忠诚”为定语从句，修饰先行词poet，在从句中作主语，用who引导，译为“who wrote a lot of works to show his loyalty and devotion to his country”其中用不定式作目的状语，“被楚王流放后，他宁愿投河自尽，也不愿看到自己的国家被秦国侵略占领”，用时间状语从句，“被楚王流放后”为时间状语，译为“After he was exiled by the king”描述已发生的事，用一般过去时并用被动语态，“他宁愿投河自尽，也不愿看到自己的国家被秦国侵略占领”为主句，使用固定搭配：would rather...than...意为“宁愿…而不愿…”，译为“he would rather drown himself in the river than see his country invaded and conquered by the State of Qin”，“他死于农历五月初五，因此人们决定在每年的这一天来纪念他”用and thus连接并列句，译为“He died on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and thus people decided to commemorate him on that day every year”。故译为：The most popular legend about the Dragon Boat Festival is the story of Qu Yuan. As a minister in the State of Chu, one of the seven Warring States, Qu Yuan was a patriotic poet who wrote a lot of works to show his loyalty and devotion to his country. After he was exiled by the king, he would rather drown himself in the river than see his country invaded and conquered by the State of Qin. He died on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and thus people decided to commemorate him on that day every year. 10．（23-24高一下·全国·随堂练习）她一直专心从事中医药的科研工作。(be absorbed in) (汉译英) 【答案】She has been absorbed in scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine. 【详解】考查现在完成时及absorb的固定用法。根据句意可知，句子应该使用现在完成时，结构为“She has been absorbed in”，以传达主语自过去某一时间点起持续至今的专注状态。这种时态的使用有效地体现了原文中“一直”所表达的持续性和稳定性。短语“be absorbed in”的意思是“专心从事”，强调了主语对活动的深度投入和专注。此外，“scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine”对应着原文中的“中医药的科研工作”，其中“scientific research”直译为“科学研究”，而“traditional Chinese medicine”专门指代了中医药这一独特领域。故可翻译为She has been absorbed in scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine. 语段翻译 （24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）根据提示，运用本单元的词汇、短语及句式或使用词汇的正确形式完成下面的语篇。 Dear Peter, Born into a wealthy household on December 11, 1911, Zhejiang Province, Qian Xuesen 11 (他如此聪明以至于被认为是) a “super­gifted” boy in his childhood. He graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study, 12 (他在那里获得博士学位). He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all. After he returned to China, he committed 13 (he) to China’s aerospace industry, 14 (handle) the design and 15 (负责火箭、导弹的研制工作). 16 (正是由于他的杰出成就) we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland. 【答案】11．was so brilliant that he was regarded as 12．where he gained his doctor’s degree 13．himself 14．handling 15．being in charge of the research of rockets and missiles 16．It is thanks to his outstanding achievements that 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文介绍了钱学森的个人信息和做出的卓越贡献。 11．考查时态和从句。句意：1911年12月11日，钱学森出生在浙江省一个富裕的家庭。小时候，他非常聪明，被认为是一个“超级天才”。本句在陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且本句为so…that引导的结果状语从句。聪明的为brilliant，被认为是为be regarded as。故填was so brilliant that he was regarded as。 12．考查定语从句。句意：他毕业于上海交通大学，后赴美国深造，获博士学位。先行词为the United States，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where，获得为gain，博士学位为doctor’s degree。故填where he gained his doctor’s degree。 13．考查代词。句意：回国后，他致力于中国的航空航天事业，负责火箭和导弹的设计和研究。主语与宾语表示同一个人，宾语用反身代词，commit oneself to doing sth.固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”。故填himself。 14．考查非谓语。句意：回国后，他致力于中国的航空航天事业，负责火箭和导弹的设计和研究。空处为非谓语动词，handle与he在逻辑上是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。 故填handling。 15．考查非谓语。句意：回国后，他致力于中国的航空航天事业，负责火箭和导弹的设计和研究。负责火箭、导弹的研制工作为be in charge of the research of rockets and missiles，与handling一起做现在分词，作状语。 故填being in charge of the research of rockets and missiles。 16．考查时态和强调句。句意：正是由于他的杰出成就，我们才在保卫美丽祖国的事业中稳步前进。本句为强调句：it be+强调部分+that/who…，强调内容为物时，用that，强调内容为人时，用that/who，此处在陈述事实，为一般现在时，由于他的杰出成就为thanks to his outstanding achievements，为强调内容，应用that。故填It is thanks to his outstanding achievements that。 2． 书面表达 1．（23-24高一下·吉林长春·期末）中国女药学家屠呦呦在2015年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，是中国人的骄傲。请根据以下提示以The great Person I Admire为题目介绍屠呦呦的故事。 1). 屠呦呦，女，药学家。1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波。1951年考入北京大学。毕业后，她投入到治疗疟疾的研究中。 2). 她非常地尽职尽责，耐心谦虚。经过各种艰辛的努力，因为发现了青蒿素在2015年获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 3). 你对屠呦呦的评价。 要求：包括以上提示内容，可适当添加细节，词数120左右。 参考词汇：药学家pharmacologist;疟疾malaria;青蒿素artemisinin;诺贝尔生理学或医学奖Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The great Person I Admire ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Tu Youyou, a great scientist of my country, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on December 30th in 1930, she was admitted into Peking University Health Science Centre in 1951. After graduation, she devoted all her efforts to the malaria research. With hard work and determination, she discovered artemisinin, which is of great significance for some deadly disease. Tu Youyou, the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, is hard-working and modest. Her discovery is seen as a big contribution to the human health. All our Chinese are proud of her. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据提示写一篇短文，介绍屠呦呦的故事。 【详解】1.词汇积累 被看作：be seen as→be regarded as 为……骄傲：be proud of→take pride in 重要的：be of great significance→be significant 谦虚的：modest→odest 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Tu Youyou, a great scientist of my country, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize on Physiology of medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. 拓展句：Tu Youyou, who is a great scientist of my country, was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of artemisinin. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Born in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province on December 30th in 1930, she was admitted into Peking University Health Science Centre in 1951. (运用了过去分词作状语) [高分句型2] Tu Youyou, the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, is hard-working and modest. (运用了不定式作后置定语) [高分句型3]With hard work and determination, she discovered artemisinin, which is of great significance for some deadly disease.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 2．（23-24高一下·贵州贵阳·期末）你校英语报正组织英语作文比赛，请以你最尊敬的一位科学家为话题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹： 2.你的感悟。 注意： 1. 字数80词左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 The scientists I respect most One of the scientists that I respect most is Marie Curie, known for her groundbreaking work in radioactivity. Her dedication to science and her remarkable discoveries, including the co-discovery of radium and polonium, have left an indelible mark on the world of science. Marie Curie’s relentless pursuit of knowledge and her determination to overcome obstacles inspire me to always strive for excellence and never shy away from challenges. Her work serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative impact that a single individual can have on the course of history. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校英语报正组织英语作文比赛，要求考生按照要求以最尊敬的一位科学家为话题，写一篇短文参赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 奉献：dedication→ devotion 非凡的：remarkable→ extraordinary 不停的：relentless→ incessant 追求：pursuit→ quest 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Her dedication to science and her remarkable discoveries, including the co-discovery of radium and polonium, have left an indelible mark on the world of science. 拓展句：Her dedication to science and her remarkable discoveries, which includes the co-discovery of radium and polonium, have left an indelible mark on the world of science. 【点睛】【高分句型1】One of the scientists that I respect most is Marie Curie, known for her groundbreaking work in radioactivity.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Her work serves as a powerful reminder of the transformative impact that a single individual can have on the course of history.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 3．（23-24高二下·四川攀枝花·期末）假定你是李华，你们学校正在举办主题为“用外语讲好中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位做出杰出贡献的当代中国科学家为题，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹; 2.意义或启示。 注意：1.词数80词左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 An Outstanding Chinese Scientist I Admire ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 An Outstanding Chinese Scientist I Admire Among the myriad of brilliant minds in contemporary China, I am deeply inspired by Dr. Tu Youyou, the Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. Her groundbreaking discovery of artemisinin, an effective treatment against malaria, has saved millions of lives worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Dr. Tu’s achievement not only showcases the immense potential of traditional Chinese wisdom but also underscores the importance of perseverance and innovative thinking in scientific research. Her story inspires me to pursue my academic endeavors with an open mind, embracing both the past and the future. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你们学校正在举办主题为“用外语讲好中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位做出杰出贡献的当代中国科学家为题，要求考生写一篇短文投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 成就：achievement→accomplishment 有效的：effective→efficient 追求：pursue→chase 接受：embrace→accept 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Among the myriad of brilliant minds in contemporary China, I am deeply inspired by Dr. Tu Youyou, the Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. 拓展句：Among the myriad of brilliant minds in contemporary China, I am deeply inspired by Dr. Tu Youyou, who is the Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Dr. Tu’s achievement not only showcases the immense potential of traditional Chinese wisdom but also underscores the importance of perseverance and innovative thinking in scientific research. (运用了not only…but also…句型) [高分句型2] Her story inspires me to pursue my academic endeavors with an open mind, embracing both the past and the future. (运用了现在分词作状语) 1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）你们学校正举办主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.人物简介及事迹； 2. 意义或启示。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 题目已为你写好。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【佳作欣赏1】 【答案】Confucius is a well-known figure in Chinese history. His teachings emphasized the importance of moral values, respect for elders, and social harmony. Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving a profound impact on Chinese society. The significance of Confucius cannot be overstated. His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering respect for authority, harmonious relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. Even today, his ideas continue to guide individuals and communities in China and beyond. Confucius’s life offers valuable lessons. He stressed the self-cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge, which serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced and interconnected world. His teachings remind us of the importance of integrity, compassion, and social responsibility. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校正举办的主题为“用英文讲中国故事”的征文活动写一篇短文投稿。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 著名的：well-known → famous 人物：figure → person 强调：emphasize → stress 基础：foundation → basis 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, fostering respect for authority, harmonious relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. 拓展句：His teachings shaped the moral and ethical foundation of Chinese culture, which fostered respect for authority, harmonious relationships, and the pursuit of knowledge. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Confucius traveled throughout the country, imparting his wisdom to countless disciples and leaving a profound impact on Chinese society. (运用了现在分词作伴随状语) 【高分句型2】 He stressed the self-cultivation, respect for elders, and the pursuit of knowledge, which serves as a guiding light in our fast-paced and interconnected world. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 5．（2020·全国·高考真题）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括: 1. 人物简介； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意: 1. 词数100左右； 2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【佳作欣赏2】 【答案】The person I respect We have a lot of respectable people around us. They may be our teachers, parents or one of our elders. As for me, my father is the person I respect most. My father is a teacher, who loves his work and his students very much. He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. When I come across the problems of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students. So, in my mind my father is the person I respect most and I love him deeply. 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文。 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。 结构：总分法。 要求： 1.人物简介： 2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 第二步：列提纲（重点短语） As for me；spare some time；listen to me patiently; 第三步：连词成句 1.As for me, my father is the person I respect mostly. 2.He works very hard every day but he will also spare some time to accompany me and share many funny things with me about his work. 3.My father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇 1.表示文章结构顺序：介绍人物；阐述原因 2.表示并列补充关系：As for; and; but; So 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：My father is a teacher who loves his work and his students very much；非谓语动词：He achieved a lot in his work, respected by his students；时间状语从句：When I come across the problem of learning in my study, my father will listen to me patiently and encourage me to overcome the difficulties bravely…等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。 ( 1 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$