2024年中考英语外刊精读—校园暴力话题

中考英语《美联社》《经济学人》外刊精读——校园暴力话题 【课堂笔记】 文章节选自《美联社》 Detention of 3 teens over gruesome killing of 13-year-old classmate sparks debate in China detention n. 关押，拘留 /dɪˈtenʃn/ detain v. 关押，拘留 gruesome adj. 可怕的，恐怖的 /ˈɡruːsəm/ spark v. 引发 debate n. 讨论，热议 v. 讨论，辩论 /dɪˈbeɪt/ 1.In the last recorded moments before the 13-year-old boy's death, surveillance cameras showed him sitting on a scooter, surrounded by three classmates. An hour later, his phone went dead, kicking off a frantic search by relatives. The following day, police in a village in northern China's Hebei province made a sickening discovery: the boy's body, buried underneath a tarp in an abandoned vegetable greenhouse. surveillance n. 监视，监察 /sɜːˈveɪləns/ scooter n. 摩托车 /ˈskuːtə(r)/ kick off 开始，启动 frantic adj. 疯狂的，紧张忙乱的/ˈfræntɪk/ a frantic search 疯狂的搜索 the following day 第二天 village n. 村庄 province 省 sickening adj. 令人厌恶的，令人作呕的 /ˈsɪkənɪŋ/ body 尸体 bury v. 掩埋，埋藏 buried treasure 埋藏的宝藏 underneath 在…之下 tarpaulin 防水油布 /tɑːˈpɔːlɪn/ tarp 是tarpaulin的缩写 /tɑːp/ abandoned adj. 废弃的 greenhouse 温室 vegetable greenhouse 蔬菜大鹏 2.His three teenage classmates have been detained on suspicion of murdering the boy in a case that has riveted China, setting off outrage and frenzied debate over the young age of the suspects and soul-searching about bullying and social responsibility in the Chinese countryside. three teenage classmates 三名十几岁的同学 detain v. 拘留，关押 suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑 on suspicion of doing 涉嫌做某事 murder v. 谋杀 kill case 案件 rivet v.（把目光、注意力等）集中于 = attract in a bad way n. 铆钉 /ˈrɪvɪt/ set sth off = kick sth off = spark 激发，引发 outrage n.愤慨，愤怒 frenzied adj.疯狂的，狂暴的 suspect n. 嫌疑犯，嫌疑人 soul-searching n. 反省，自省，灵魂拷问 bullying n. 霸凌，恃强欺弱的行为 social responsibility 社会责任 Chinese countryside 中国农村 3. Police in Feixiang district of Handan city identified the boy only by his last name, Wang. In a statement Sunday they said the boy had been killed on March 10 and that the suspects were detained the following day. A police investigator said that the crime had been premeditated, with the suspects digging out the pit twice once the day before and again the day of the killing. district 城市的某个区 Feixiang district of Handan city 邯郸市肥乡区 Haidian District 海淀区 identify v. 确认 last name 姓 In a statement Sunday 在周日发布的一份声明中 Sunday 可做副词，前面不加on suspect n. 嫌疑人 detain v. 拘留，关押 investigator n. 调查员 police investigator 警方调查员 crime 犯罪 premeditated adj. （犯罪）有预谋的；经预先计划的 /ˌpriːˈmedɪteɪtɪd/ A premeditated crime is planned or thought about before it is done. dig out 找出，发现，挖掘出 pit n.（深的）洞=deep hole 4. Wang's relatives and their attorney said in interviews with Chinese media and in posts on social media that the boy had long been a victim of bullying, and was forced to give money to one of his classmates before he was killed. “He was beaten alive and his body was disfigured beyond recognition," Wang's father wrote. relatives n. 亲属 attorney n. 律师 = lawyer posts on social media 社交媒体上的帖子 victim n. 受害者 bullying n. 霸凌 /ˈbʊliɪŋ/ bully v. 欺负 /ˈbʊli/ be forced to do sth 被强迫做某事 beat v. 打 He was beaten alive. 他被活活打死了。 disfigured adj. 容貌被损坏的，破相的， beyond recognition 面目全非 “I hope the government will be fair, open and just, punish them severely, and that the killers will pay with their lives!" The case will be a test of a change in the law in 2021 that lowered the age at which children could be charged with a crime from 14 to 12 years old. fair, open and just 公平，公开，公正 just adj. 公正的 justice n. 正义 punish them severely 严惩他们 severely adv. 严厉地 the killers will pay with their lives 让凶手付出生命的代价 lower v. 下调，降低 charge v. 指控 be charged with a crime 被指控犯罪 5.The victim and the suspects are all under the age of 14. Media reports said they were “left-behind" children, a phrase used to describe kids in the countryside often cared for by grandparents because their parents work in faraway cities. “left-behind” children 留守儿童 care for ·照顾，照顾 = take care of ·关心，在意 = love/like sb very much ·喜欢，想要 You have no idea how much I care for you. 你不知道我有多在乎你。 I don’t care for it. 我不喜欢它。我不想要它。 faraway adj. 遥远的 As details of the tragedy emerged last weekend, it renewed concern over the social and psychological welfare of such children, their exposure to violent content online and the ability of the country's social services to care for them. as 引导伴随状语 tragedy n. 悲剧 /ˈtrædʒədi/ emerge v. 出现 renewed v. 重新开始，重新带来 welfare n. 幸福= wellbeing wellbeing n. 幸福，安乐 exposure n. 暴露 /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ violent content 暴力内容 social services 社会的服务体系 文章节选自《经济学人》 Parents worry more about bullying than anything else Around the world, school sand governments are converging on ways of tackling it converge v. 聚集，集中 converge on 汇集 tackle v. 应付，解决（难题或局面） /ˈtæk(ə)l/ tackle a problem = deal with a problem 1.The biggest worry parents have for their school-age children is that they will be bullied. In Japan, more pupils commit suicide on September 1st, just before the start of the new term, than on any other day. But educators struggle to spot bullying, let alone to stop it. Many victims are too ashamed to tell a teacher. the biggest worry 最大的担忧 school-age children 学龄儿童 pupil n. 小学生，学生，瞳孔 /ˈpjuːp(ə)l/ His pupils were dilated. 他的瞳孔放大了。 commit suicide 自杀 = the act of killing oneself commit a crime 犯了罪 -cide 杀 new term 新学期 ·term n. 学期（英式英语），条款 ·semester n. 学期 （美式英语） than on any other day 相较于任何一天 educator n. 教育工作者 struggle to spot bullying spot n. 位置 v. 发现 = discover sth. = notice sth. This is my spot. 这是我的位置。 I just saw/spot you in the crowd. 我在人群中看见你了。 let alone 更别说了，递进关系 victim n. 受害者 too ashamed to tell a teacher 太过于感到羞耻而不敢告诉老师，羞于启齿 2.Globally, bullying tends to peak in the early-teenage years before tapering off. Boys are slightly more likely than girls to engage in it, and to bully both sexes. Girls tend to bully other girls. Boys are more likely to use their hands and feet. Female tormentors prefer "relational" bullying, such as spreading false rumours or exclusion from a social group. Globally, ... 全球来看, ... peak v. 达到顶峰 n. 顶点 early-teenage years 青少年早期 teenager 青少年 13-19岁 taper v. 逐渐变小 /ˈteɪpə(r)/ taper off 逐渐减少 engage in 参与 Boys are slightly more likely thangirls to engage it. 男生比女生更有可能参与其中。 more likely to 更有可能 tormentor n. 折磨者 “relational” bullying 关系欺凌 rumour n. 谣言 v.谣传 exclusion n. 排斥 exclude v. 排除在外 exclusion from a social group 孤立，被社会群体排斥 3. Children who are from ethnic minorities, short, obese, disabled, gay or have poor social skills are at higher risk. Victims of bullying may in turn bully others. in America bullies pick on “nerds". in China and South Korea, by contrast, those with poor grades are at higher risk. ethnic minority n. 少数族裔 ethnic n. 少数民族 obese adj. 肥胖的 disabled adj. 残疾的 Victims of bullying may in turn bully others. 欺凌的受害者可能反过来欺凌他人。 in turn 反过来 America bullies pick on “nerds" pick on ·故意刁难，欺负，找茬 ·选择，挑选 nerd n. 书呆子 /nɜːd/ South Korea 韩国 by contrast 相比之下 at higher risk match 风险更高 A study in 2013 of the Arab world found that the best predictor of being bullied was having crooked teeth. But bullied children everywhere risk long-term health effects. Arab 阿拉伯 the best predictor of being bullied was having crooked teeth 被欺负的最好征兆是牙齿歪斜 predictor n. 预示，征召 /prɪˈdɪktə(r)/ crooked adj. 弯曲的，不整齐的 /ˈkrʊkɪd/ crooked teeth 牙齿歪斜 crooked nose 鹰钩鼻 risk v. 使遭受 4. Central to tackling bullying in schools, argues Christina Salmivalli of the University of Turku in Finland, is to encourage bystanders to intervene. The main motivation for bullying is the drive for social status. By teaching bystanders to speak up, or at least not to laugh at the victim the “social rewards" of bullying can be reduced, she says. Central to tackling bullying in school is to encourage bystanders to intervene. (倒装句式 central adj. 作表语，放在句首，强调解决问题的中心是“to encourage bystanders to intervene”。 to encourage bystanders to intervene is central to tackling bullying in schools. （正常句式） , argues Christina Salmivalli of the University of Turku in Finland, 插入语成分，对句子不产生任何影响 argue 主张，认为 Finland 芬兰 encourage v. 鼓励 bystanders 旁观者 intervene v. 打扰，干扰/ˌɪntəˈviːn/ motivation n. 动机 drive n. 驱动 social status 社会地位 speak up 声音说大点，引申义：勇敢发声 laugh at 嘲笑 social rewards 社会奖励 reduce v. 减少 5. Other approaches abound. Many school-bus drivers in North America assign seats, keeping suspected bullies close to the front. Every classroom at Rhiw-Bechan School in mid-Wales has a “worry-box" for pupils to report bullies anonymously approach n. 方法 = method = way approach v. 靠近 abound v. 大量存在=exist in a great number His storys abound. 他的故事有很多。 Other approaches abound 还有很多其他方法 assign v. 分配 assign seats 分配座位 suspected adj. 被怀疑的，有嫌疑的 suspected bullies 疑似恶霸 keep suspected bullies close to the front 让可疑的恶霸靠近前排 mid-Wales 威尔士中部 anonymously adv. 匿名地 /əˈnɒnɪməsli/ 6. Anthony Parker, head of Weston High School in Massachusetts, says he informs parents any time their child is accused of bullying. Nine times out of ten, the bullying then stops. inform v. 通知 be accused of 被指控，被举报 their child is accused of bullying他们的孩子被指控恃强凌弱 nine times out of ten 十有八九 An anti-bullying bill proposed in March in Pennsylvania would allow a judge to mandate community service or levy a $500-750 fine on parents if their child is caught bullying, starting from the third offence. anti-bullying bill 反霸凌法案 bill n. 法案 propose v. 提出 judge n. 法官 mandate v. 强制执行 mandatory adj.强制性的，义务的 community service 社区服务 levy v. 征收，交纳（罚款） fine n. 罚款 levy fine 征收罚款 if their child is caught bullying 如果他们的孩子被发现欺凌弱小 start from the third offence 从第三次违法开始 offence n. 违法行为，犯罪= crime be accused of bullying 被指控霸凌 be caught bullying 被抓住霸凌 7. Some approaches have been shown to backfire. "Restorative” methods that put the bully and victim together to patch things up may end up further traumatizing the victim. Some sorts of punishment, like expulsion from school, may simply shift the problem elsewhere. Some approaches have been shown to backfire. approach n. 方法 backfire v. 适得其反 restore v. 修复 restorative adj. 恢复的 patch n. 补丁 patch things up 修补关系，弥合分歧 further traumatizing the victim 进一步伤害受害者 trauma n. 损伤 /ˈtrɔːmə/ traumatize v. 使……受损伤；使……受精神创伤 /ˈtrɔːmətaɪz/ expulsion n. 驱逐，开除 shift the problem elsewhere 把问题转移到别处 8.Cultural differences complicate the picture. In China, for example, rural migrant workers in cities are treated as second-class citizens. Their children, when bullied, may attract less sympathy from teachers. Such unfairness helps explain why, distressingly, some victims will always decide that the only answer to bullying is to fight fire with fire. cultural difference 文化差异 complicate v. 使复杂 complicate the picture 把局面变得复杂 picture 引申义：局面 rural migrant workers 农村务工人员，农民工 rural 农村地区的 second-class citizen 二等公民 attract v. 吸引；（物体间）产生引力；引起；有吸引力 attract less sympathy from teachers 很少得到老师的同情 sympathy n. 同情心 Such unfairness helps explain why, distressingly, some victims will always decide that the only answer to bullying is to fight fire with fire unfairness n. 不公平 distressingly adv. 令人苦恼地，悲惨地 /dɪˈstres.ɪŋ.li/ 【以牙还牙，以眼还眼，以暴制暴】 ·fight fire with fire ·an eye for an eye ·a tooth for a tooth ·tit for tat fight fire with water 以水救火 【文章翻译】 文章节选自《美联社》 Detention of 3 teens over gruesome killing of 13-year-old classmate sparks debate in China 三名青少年残忍杀害13岁同学而被拘留，在中国引发热议。 1.In the last recorded moments before the 13-year-old boy's death, surveillance cameras showed him sitting on a scooter, surrounded by three classmates. An hour later, his phone went dead, kicking off a frantic search by relatives. The following day, police in a village in northern China's Hebei province made a sickening discovery: the boy's body, buried underneath a tarp in an abandoned vegetable greenhouse. 在这个13岁男孩死前的最后记录中，监控摄像头显示他坐在一辆摩托车上，周围有三名同学。一小时后，他的手机打不通了，亲戚们开始了疯狂的搜寻。第二天，警察在河北省北部一个村庄就有了令人震惊的发现，男孩的尸体被埋在一个废弃蔬菜大棚油布下面。 2.His three teenage classmates have been detained on suspicion of murdering the boy in a case that has riveted China, setting off outrage and frenzied debate over the young age of the suspects and soul-searching about bullying and social responsibility in the Chinese countryside. 在这起震惊中国的案件当中，受害者的三名同学因涉嫌谋杀而被拘留，这也引起了人们对于嫌疑人年龄过小的愤怒和疯狂的讨论，以及对中国农村地区霸凌和社会责任的反思。 3. Police in Feixiang district of Handan city identified the boy only by his last name, Wang. In a statement Sunday they said the boy had been killed on March 10 and that the suspects were detained the following day. A police investigator said that the crime had been premeditated, with the suspects digging out the pit twice once the day before and again the day of the killing. 邯郸市肥乡区的警方只透露男孩姓王，警方在周日的一份声明中表示：男孩于3月10日被谋杀，犯罪嫌疑人于次日被拘留。一名警方调查员说这起犯罪是有预谋的，嫌疑人挖了两次洞，一次是前一天，另一次是在案发当天。 4. Wang's relatives and their attorney said in interviews with Chinese media and in posts on social media that the boy had long been a victim of bullying, and was forced to give money to one of his classmates before he was killed. “He was beaten alive and his body was disfigured beyond recognition," Wang's father wrote. 王的亲戚和律师在接受采访以及在社交媒体发帖的时候说到，男孩长期以来都遭受到了霸凌。在遇害前也被迫给同学钱，他是被活活打死的，身体被毁的面目全非，他的父亲（在社交媒体发帖）写道。 “I hope the government will be fair, open and just, punish them severely, and that the killers will pay with their lives!" The case will be a test of a change in the law in 2021 that lowered the age at which children could be charged with a crime from 14 to 12 years old. 我希望政府能够公平公开公正，严惩凶手，让他们付出生命的代价。2021年，法律将儿童被控犯罪的年龄从14岁下调到12岁，这次案件也将是对法律修改的一次检验。 5.The victim and the suspects are all under the age of 14. Media reports said they were “left-behind" children, a phrase used to describe kids in the countryside often cared for by grandparents because their parents work in faraway cities. 受害者和嫌疑人都未满14岁，媒体报导称，他们都是留守儿童，指的是他们是农村的孩子，他们的父母在遥远的城市工作，所以他们通常由爷爷奶奶照顾。 As details of the tragedy emerged last weekend, it renewed concern over the social and psychological welfare of such children, their exposure to violent content online and the ability of the country's social services to care for them. 随着悲剧细节的曝光，人们再次对这些儿童的社会福利和心理健康，他们在网上接触暴力内容的机会以及国家社会服务机构照顾他们的能力表示担忧。 文章节选自《经济学人》 Parents worry more about bullying than anything else Around the world, school sand governments are converging on ways of tackling it. 现在家长最担心的是孩子受到霸凌 世界各地的学校和政府都在想办法解决这一问题。 1.The biggest worry parents have for their school-age children is that they will be bullied. In Japan, more pupils commit suicide on September 1st, just before the start of the new term, than on any other day. But educators struggle to spot bullying, let alone to stop it. Many victims are too ashamed to tell a teacher. 家长对学龄儿童最大的担忧就是他们会受到霸凌。在日本，9月1号，也就是新学期开学的前夕，自杀学生比以往任何一天都要多。但教育工作者很难发现霸凌行为，更别说制止了。许多受害者也是羞于告诉老师。 2.Globally, bullying tends to peak in the early-teenage years before tapering off. Boys are slightly more likely than girls to engage in it, and to bully both sexes. Girls tend to bully other girls. Boys are more likely to use their hands and feet. Female tormentors prefer "relational" bullying, such as spreading false rumours or exclusion from a social group. 全球来看，霸凌行为往往在青少年早期达到高峰，然后逐渐减少。男孩参与霸凌的几率略高于女孩，而且霸凌的对象部分性别，女孩往往会欺负其他女孩。男孩更有可能使用暴力，女性施暴者更喜欢“关系”霸凌，比如说散布谣言或将其排除在社交群体之外。 3. Children who are from ethnic minorities, short, obese, disabled, gay or have poor social skills are at higher risk. Victims of bullying may in turn bully others. in America bullies pick on “nerds". in China and South Korea, by contrast, those with poor grades are at higher risk. 少数族裔儿童矮小、肥胖、残疾、同性恋或者社交能力差的遭受霸凌的风险更高。霸凌行为的受害者可能会反过来霸凌他人。在美国，霸凌者会欺负书呆子。相较之下，中国和韩国成绩差的人遭到霸凌的风险更高。 A study in 2013 of the Arab world found that the best predictor of being bullied was having crooked teeth. But bullied children everywhere risk long-term health effects. 一项2023年的研究发现，在阿拉伯国家，牙齿不争气最有可能被霸凌。但是，世界各地受欺凌的儿童都有可能遭受到长期的健康影响。 4. Central to tackling bullying in schools, argues Christina Salmivalli of the University of Turku in Finland, is to encourage bystanders to intervene. The main motivation for bullying is the drive for social status. By teaching bystanders to speak up, or at least not to laugh at the victim the “social rewards" of bullying can be reduced, she says. 芬兰图尔库大学的Christina Salmivalli表示，解决校园霸凌问题的核心是鼓励旁观者进行干预。霸凌行为的主要动机是追求社会地位，她说，只要旁观者勇于发声，或者至少不要嘲笑受害者，那么霸凌所获得的社交奖励就会减少。 5. Other approaches abound. Many school-bus drivers in North America assign seats, keeping suspected bullies close to the front. Every classroom at Rhiw-Bechan School in mid-Wales has a “worry-box" for pupils to report bullies anonymously. 还有很多方法。在北美，许多校车司机会分配座位，让有霸凌嫌疑的学生坐在前排。在威尔士中部的Rhiw-Bechan学校，每个教室都有一个意见箱，供学生匿名举报霸凌分子。 6. Anthony Parker, head of Weston High School in Massachusetts, says he informs parents any time their child is accused of bullying. Nine times out of ten, the bullying then stops. 马萨诸赛州韦斯顿中学的校长Anthony Parker说，只要孩子被指控霸凌他就会告知家长，十有八九霸凌行为就会终止。 An anti-bullying bill proposed in March in Pennsylvania would allow a judge to mandate community service or levy a $500-750 fine on parents if their child is caught bullying, starting from the third offence. 在今年三月份，宾夕法尼亚州提出的一项反霸凌法案规定，如果孩子被发现霸凌他人，从第三次霸凌行为开始，法官就可以强制其参加社区服务，或者对家长处以500-750美元的罚款。 7. Some approaches have been shown to backfire. "Restorative” methods that put the bully and victim together to patch things up may end up further traumatizing the victim. Some sorts of punishment, like expulsion from school, may simply shift the problem elsewhere. 一些方法会适得其反，有一种“恢复性”做法是把霸凌者和受害者安排在一起以使其重归于好，这最终会对受害者造成二次伤害。有些惩罚措施，比如开除出校，只是将问题转移到别处罢了。 8.Cultural differences complicate the picture. In China, for example, rural migrant workers in cities are treated as second-class citizens. Their children, when bullied, may attract less sympathy from teachers. Such unfairness helps explain why, distressingly, some victims will always decide that the only answer to bullying is to fight fire with fire. 文化方面的差异让情况更加复杂了。例如，在中国，进城务工的农门工会被视为二等公民，当他们的孩子受到霸凌时，可能不太会得到老师的同情。令人难过的是，这就解释了为什么有些受害者觉得，应对霸凌唯一的办法就是以暴制暴。 Just for learning and sharing. If any question, please feel free to leave a message. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$