Unit 1 Using Language(1)小阅读讲义 人教版2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册 5-1-4

Unit 1 Using Language (1)小阅读讲义 人教版2024-2025学年高二选择性必修第二册英语 5-1-4. docx 人教版英语24字整体教学 教师版 目 录 Using Language (1) ◆ 读前清障 词汇再现 ◆ 课文翻译 疏通理解 ◆ 课文助读 要点直击 Using Language (1) ◆ 读前清障 词汇再现 Ⅰ. 核心词汇 根据语境写出正确的单词 1. _______________ different _______________ of you　　　　投射你不同的影子 2. all the colours of the _______________ 彩虹的各种颜色 3. _______________ the coffee 倒咖啡 4. a _______________ floor 混凝土地面 5. China’s _______________ science 中国航天科学 6. _______________youth 爱国青年  7. Railway _______________Engineering 铁路机械工程  8. _______________ major 航空专业 9. _______________ the country 保卫国家 10. American _______________ and rocket technology 美国飞机和火箭技术 11. a graduate _______________ 研究生助理 12. space and _______________ programme 太空和导弹计划 13. under Qian’s _______________ 在钱学森的领导下 14. _______________ back to Qian’s research 可以追溯到钱学森的研究 15. an _______________ and creative scientist 一位杰出的有创造力的科学家 16. the most famous and _______________ scientist 最著名和最有天赋的科学家 17. _______________ thought 抽象思维 18. the _______________ state theory 稳态理论 19. the steady state _______________ 稳态概念 20. _______________ with telescopes 使用望远镜的天文学家 21. besides being _______________ 除了出色之外 22. _______________ adv. 此外 23. admit his _______________ 承认他的错误 24. a _______________ in personal interest 个人兴趣的转变 25. a _______________imagination 生动的想象  Ⅱ. 拓展词汇 根据语境写出相应的派生词 1. contradict vt. 与……发生矛盾，与……抵触→_______________ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 2. infect vt. 使感染；传染→_______________ n. 感染；传染 3. prove vt. 证明；检验→_______________ n. 证据；证明；检验 4. intervene vi. 干涉；干预→_______________ n. 介入；出面；干涉 Ⅲ. 情境词块 1. have an impact on _______________ 2. with effort _______________ 3. break out _______________ 4. in charge of _______________ 5. take on the challenge _______________ 6. come down _______________ 7. 指出_______________ 8. 梦想_______________ 9. 最重要的是; 尤其是_______________ ◆ 课文翻译 疏通理解 教材原文 教材译文 梳理语言和结构 THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homelandwith effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’S leading space-exploration centres. After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make. ” Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointedout that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory-and not the steady state theory-was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 中国航天之父 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们尊敬。《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 一个纯思维的世界 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 霍金最早成名于1964年, 当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。 那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 [学语言] 首段第二句使用了过去分词短语作状语(Described by . . . )和定语从句(who was patriotic . . . )，整体介绍钱学森的科研地位。 第二段使用了however, because和动词不定式使句子衔接自然。 第三段使用了四个时间短语，行文脉络清晰。 第四段使用了not only . . . but also . . . ，省略句等，丰富句式表达形式。 第五段使用了because，使句子间更加紧凑。 第六段使用了what引导的主语从句。 第七段使用and连接动作，彰显作者语言功底。 [学结构] 　　首段总起，点明钱学森的地位、身上的科学品质。 第二段写钱学森出生、求学概况。 第三段写钱学森前往美国读研究生后的成就。 第四段写钱学森看到国家需要，回到国内接受挑战。 第五段写在钱学森引领下，中国航空航天事业取得的一系列成就。 第六段写钱学森科研之外的兴趣爱好。 第七段写钱学森逝世时间等。 [学语言] 首段使用了famous，gifted，abstract等形容词，栩栩如生地交代了人物概况。 第二段通过in general，the first等短语使描述层次分明，使用 which引导的定语从句，补充说明细节，彰显语言功底。 第三段使用了be willing to, be afraid to, be quite determined等词组，把霍金的内心感受跃然纸上。 [学结构] 首段总起，点明霍金的科学地位，人们对霍金的了解。 第二段写霍金求学、成名概况。 第三段写霍金身上凸显的科学精神。 ◆ 课文助读 要点直击 Step 1 知识要点 I. Words and Phrases 词汇考点1. 　pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) (教材P7)　A non­Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. 非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。 After the meeting the people poured out in crowds. 散会后人们成群地涌出来。 People poured into the hall. 人们涌进大厅。 【知识拓展】 1　 pour in _______________ 2　 pour into _______________ 3　 pour out _______________ 4　 pour out of. . . _______________ 5　 pour down _______________ 词汇考点2. 　break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 (教材P7)　However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 [例1]　Something unexpected always breaks out in this area. 在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。 [例2]　The Second World War broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 【知识拓展】 6　 break in _______________ 7　 break through _______________ 8　 break up _______________ 9　 break off _______________ 10　 break away from _______________ 11　 break into _______________ 12　 break down _______________ 词汇考点3. 　in charge of主管；掌管 (教材P8)　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。 [例1]　I'll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away. 下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。 [例2]　The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper. 这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。 【知识拓展】 13　 take charge of _______________ 14　 in charge of _______________ 15　 free of charge _______________ 16　 in sb. 's charge＝in the charge of sb. _______________ 词汇考点4　fault n. 弱点；过错 (教材P9)　Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。 [例1]　It was all my fault. 这都是我的错。 [例2]　There is a fault in this machine. 这台机器出了故障。 【知识拓展】 17　 find fault with sb. ______________________________ 18　 find fault in ______________________________ II. Sentence Pattern 句型考点1. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构 (教材P2)　As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道_____________________________________。 【句式分析】句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。 【知识拓展】 (1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。 (2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。 (3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。 句型考点 2. 　so. . . that. . . 引导结果状语从句 (教材P2)　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特别的街道上，_________________________________________。 【句式分析】句中so. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 【知识拓展】 (1)so＋that. . . (2)such＋that. . . 【名师点津】 (1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。 There was so little time left that we must hurry. 时间不多了，我们要快一点。 They are such little children that they can't understand it. 他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。 (2)在“so. . . that. . . ”和“such. . . that. . . ”结构中，当“so/such. . . ”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用全部倒装。 So hot a day was it that they all went swimming. ＝Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming. 天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。 句型考点3. until引导时间状语从句；how引导的宾语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. [分析]　本句为复合句，until引导时间状语从句，其中how it could be overcome为how引导的宾语从句。 [译文]　霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，_________________________________________。 Step 2 skimming: 文本整体理解：关注布局谋篇 Task 1: Warming up Task 2 While­reading 1. What's the main idea of the passage? A. Being careful is the key to success. B. A great scientist is a man who works hard. C. A great scientist should be hard­working，determined and full of love. D. As long as a person is intelligent and brilliant，he will make a great scientist. Step 2 Scanning: 文本整体理解：关注布局谋篇 Task 1 Read the text on Pages 8～9 carefully and then choose the best answer. 1. Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation? A. Because he was not interested in his former major. B. Because he could get a well paid job in the future. C. Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland. D. Because the country asked him to do so. 2. What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage? A. His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B. His research in the United States. C. His friends' encouragement. D. His habit of reading a lot. 3. How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States? A. About 15 years. B. About 20 years. C. About 25 years. D. About 30 years. 4. How was Hawking's own theory proved correct? A. Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself. B. He worked with others to prove it true. C. He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle's mistake in the maths. D. Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in physics at the moment. Task 2 细读课文，关注表达策略 【学结构】 The father of China’s aerospace Personal information of Qian Xuesen *Born in Hangzhou in 1911 *Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. *In 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to (1)_______________. *In 1935, Qian went to the United States to pursue his (2)_______________ studies. *Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and (3)_______________ technology. *As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s. *In the 1940s, Qian and several other people (4)_______________ the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *In (5)_______________, Qian returned to China. *Under his leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made (6)_______________. *On 31 October 2009, he died. A world of pure thought Stepen Hawking *He was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in (7)_______________. *He came down with a disease and lost the use of most of his (8)_______________. *In 1964, he first achieved fame. *He insisted the big (9)_______________ theory. *The qualities made him a genius: brilliant, brave, determined, willing to admit his (10)_______________ 【学技巧】 1. 佳句背诵 开头句： 1) They hold the belief that the stories of scientists are attractive and easy to understand. 2) I'd love to share Qian Xuesen's story with you. 过渡句： 3) As far as I am concerned，I like Qian Xuesen，because his experience told me the truth and encouraged me to learn more. 4) What matters is to hold your own dreams. 结尾句： 5) However，every coin has two sides. 6) After all，not everyone dares to face reality bravely. 2. 课文语法填空 The Father of China’s Aerospace Perhaps no other scientist has had a 1. ___________ (great) impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. He was a well-respected man, 2. ___________ served his homeland with effort. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and Shanghai. In 1935, he went to the US 3. ___________ further study and then worked there. After overcoming some difficulties, he 4. ___________ (return) to China in 1955, and was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science as well as the space and missile programme. 5. ___________ (face) with challenges, Qian didn’t feel discouraged. When 6. ___________ (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was “Why not?” Under 7. ___________ (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-made satellites 8. ___________ (success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, 9. ___________ made him an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 10. ___________ (inspire) in scientific research. The whole country was saddened by Qian’s death in 2009. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 Using Language (1)小阅读讲义 人教版2024-2025学年高二选择性必修第二册英语 5-1-4. docx 人教版英语24字整体教学 教师版 目 录 Using Language (1) ◆ 读前清障 词汇再现 ◆ 课文翻译 疏通理解 ◆ 课文助读 要点直击 Using Language (1) ◆ 读前清障 词汇再现 Ⅰ. 核心词汇 根据语境写出正确的单词 1. _______________ different _______________ of you　　　　投射你不同的影子 2. all the colours of the _______________ 彩虹的各种颜色 3. _______________ the coffee 倒咖啡 4. a _______________ floor 混凝土地面 5. China’s _______________ science 中国航天科学 6. _______________youth 爱国青年  7. Railway _______________Engineering 铁路机械工程  8. _______________ major 航空专业 9. _______________ the country 保卫国家 10. American _______________ and rocket technology 美国飞机和火箭技术 11. a graduate _______________ 研究生助理 12. space and _______________ programme 太空和导弹计划 13. under Qian’s _______________ 在钱学森的领导下 14. _______________ back to Qian’s research 可以追溯到钱学森的研究 15. an _______________ and creative scientist 一位杰出的有创造力的科学家 16. the most famous and _______________ scientist 最著名和最有天赋的科学家 17. _______________ thought 抽象思维 18. the _______________ state theory 稳态理论 19. the steady state _______________ 稳态概念 20. _______________ with telescopes 使用望远镜的天文学家 21. besides being _______________ 除了出色之外 22. _______________ adv. 此外 23. admit his _______________ 承认他的错误 24. a _______________ in personal interest 个人兴趣的转变 25. a _______________imagination 生动的想象  【答案】 1. cast；shadows 2. rainbow 3. pour 4. concrete 5. aerospace 6. patriotic 7. Mechanical 8. aviation 9. defend 10. jet 11. assistant 12. missile 13. leadership 14. trace 15. outstanding 16. gifted 17. abstract 18. steady 19. concept 20. astronomers 21. brilliant 22. furthermore 23. faults 24. shift 25. vivid Ⅱ. 拓展词汇 根据语境写出相应的派生词 1. contradict vt. 与……发生矛盾，与……抵触→_______________ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 2. infect vt. 使感染；传染→_______________ n. 感染；传染 3. prove vt. 证明；检验→_______________ n. 证据；证明；检验 4. intervene vi. 干涉；干预→_______________ n. 介入；出面；干涉 【答案】 1. contradictory 2. infection 3. proof 4. intervention Ⅲ. 情境词块 1. have an impact on _______________ 2. with effort _______________ 3. break out _______________ 4. in charge of _______________ 5. take on the challenge _______________ 6. come down _______________ 7. 指出_______________ 8. 梦想_______________ 9. 最重要的是; 尤其是_______________ 【答案】 1. 对……有影响 2. 努力 3. （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发 4. 主管，掌管 5. 接受挑战 6. 患（病）；染上（小病） 7. point out 8. dream of 9. above all ◆ 课文翻译 疏通理解 教材原文 教材译文 梳理语言和结构 THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homelandwith effort, achievement, and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies. Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology. As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion, and in the 1940s, he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, now one of NASA’S leading space-exploration centres. After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US, Qian returned to China in 1955. He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. At that time, China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped. No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major, and there were no talents or experts in this field in China. Nevertheless, Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge. When asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was a determined “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make. ” Under Qian’s leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made satellite, Dong Fang Hong I, from a Long March rocket. Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou rockets can also be traced back to Qian’s research, Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable, especially in the area of frontier science research. However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing. His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. On 31 October 2009, the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death, and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics. Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk. Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk, as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were two main theories on the origin of the universe. The first was the steady state theory, which holds that the universe has no beginning or end. The other was the big bang theory, which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space. The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle, a professor at Cambridge. During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures, Hawking stood up and pointedout that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths. Once the maths was corrected, it showed that the big bang theory-and not the steady state theory-was true. Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. So, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides being brilliant, he was brave, though sometimes careless in what he said or did. He was willing to say what others were afraid to say, and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about. Furthermore, he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. 中国航天之父 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。钱学森备受人们尊敬。《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、勤勉努力、甘于奉献、成就斐然。钱学森1911年生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪会战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。 在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列火箭的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 一个纯思维的世界 史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 霍金最早成名于1964年, 当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。 那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 [学语言] 首段第二句使用了过去分词短语作状语(Described by . . . )和定语从句(who was patriotic . . . )，整体介绍钱学森的科研地位。 第二段使用了however, because和动词不定式使句子衔接自然。 第三段使用了四个时间短语，行文脉络清晰。 第四段使用了not only . . . but also . . . ，省略句等，丰富句式表达形式。 第五段使用了because，使句子间更加紧凑。 第六段使用了what引导的主语从句。 第七段使用and连接动作，彰显作者语言功底。 [学结构] 　　首段总起，点明钱学森的地位、身上的科学品质。 第二段写钱学森出生、求学概况。 第三段写钱学森前往美国读研究生后的成就。 第四段写钱学森看到国家需要，回到国内接受挑战。 第五段写在钱学森引领下，中国航空航天事业取得的一系列成就。 第六段写钱学森科研之外的兴趣爱好。 第七段写钱学森逝世时间等。 [学语言] 首段使用了famous，gifted，abstract等形容词，栩栩如生地交代了人物概况。 第二段通过in general，the first等短语使描述层次分明，使用 which引导的定语从句，补充说明细节，彰显语言功底。 第三段使用了be willing to, be afraid to, be quite determined等词组，把霍金的内心感受跃然纸上。 [学结构] 首段总起，点明霍金的科学地位，人们对霍金的了解。 第二段写霍金求学、成名概况。 第三段写霍金身上凸显的科学精神。 ◆ 课文助读 要点直击 Step 1 知识要点 I. Words and Phrases 词汇考点1. 　pour vt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料) (教材P7)　A non­Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid，but if you put any pressure on it，it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. 非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。 After the meeting the people poured out in crowds. 散会后人们成群地涌出来。 People poured into the hall. 人们涌进大厅。 【知识拓展】 1　 pour in _______________ 2　 pour into _______________ 3　 pour out _______________ 4　 pour out of. . . _______________ 5　 pour down _______________ 词汇考点2. 　break out(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 (教材P7)　However，after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932，Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。 [例1]　Something unexpected always breaks out in this area. 在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。 [例2]　The Second World War broke out in September 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。 【知识拓展】 6　 break in _______________ 7　 break through _______________ 8　 break up _______________ 9　 break off _______________ 10　 break away from _______________ 11　 break into _______________ 12　 break down _______________ 词汇考点3. 　in charge of主管；掌管 (教材P8)　He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。 [例1]　I'll be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away. 下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。 [例2]　The cook is in charge of the kitchen helper. 这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。 【知识拓展】 13　 take charge of _______________ 14　 in charge of _______________ 15　 free of charge _______________ 16　 in sb. 's charge＝in the charge of sb. _______________ 词汇考点4　fault n. 弱点；过错 (教材P9)　Above all，Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。 [例1]　It was all my fault. 这都是我的错。 [例2]　There is a fault in this machine. 这台机器出了故障。 【知识拓展】 17　 find fault with sb. ______________________________ 18　 find fault in ______________________________ 【答案】 1　 涌进 2　 涌进…… 3　 倒出；涌出；倾诉 4　 从……中涌出来 5　 (雨)倾盆而降 6　 强行进入；打断 7　 突破；冲破 8　 破碎；解散；分手 9　 断开；中断；停顿 10　 逃脱；脱离 11　 强行闯入；突然开始 12　 出故障；垮掉 13　 掌管/负责…… 14　 控制/管理…… 15　 免费 16　 由……主管(含被动意义) 17　 挑某人的毛病；对某人吹毛求疵 18　 看出……的缺点；找出……的毛病 II. Sentence Pattern 句型考点1. “特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构 (教材P2)　As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. 作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道_____________________________________。 【句式分析】句中how to prevent or treat cholera为“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构，作动词knew的宾语。 【知识拓展】 (1)常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词how，when，where等。 (2)语法功能：该结构相当于名词性从句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(作主语时，谓语动词常用单数)。 (3)通常用在tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，discuss等动词后面的特殊疑问代词与构成不定式的动词之间为动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式。 句型考点 2. 　so. . . that. . . 引导结果状语从句 (教材P2)　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现，在两条特别的街道上，_________________________________________。 【句式分析】句中so. . . that. . . 意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 【知识拓展】 (1)so＋that. . . (2)such＋that. . . 【名师点津】 (1)little表示“少”时用so修饰，但表示“小”时用such修饰。 There was so little time left that we must hurry. 时间不多了，我们要快一点。 They are such little children that they can't understand it. 他们是这么小的孩子，他们不会理解的。 (2)在“so. . . that. . . ”和“such. . . that. . . ”结构中，当“so/such. . . ”置于句首时，其所在的句子要用全部倒装。 So hot a day was it that they all went swimming. ＝Such a hot day was it that they all went swimming. 天气这么热，他们都去游泳了。 句型考点3. until引导时间状语从句；how引导的宾语从句 Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. [分析]　本句为复合句，until引导时间状语从句，其中how it could be overcome为how引导的宾语从句。 [译文]　霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，_________________________________________。 【答案】 1. 如何预防或治疗霍乱 2. 霍乱爆发非常严重，10天内就有500多人死亡 3. 直到英国医生约翰·斯诺展示了如何战胜它 Step 2 skimming: 文本整体理解：关注布局谋篇 Task 1: Warming up Task 2 While­reading 1. What's the main idea of the passage? A. Being careful is the key to success. B. A great scientist is a man who works hard. C. A great scientist should be hard­working，determined and full of love. D. As long as a person is intelligent and brilliant，he will make a great scientist. [答案]　C Step 2 Scanning: 文本整体理解：关注布局谋篇 Task 1 Read the text on Pages 8～9 carefully and then choose the best answer. 1. Why did Qian Xuesen change his major to aviation? A. Because he was not interested in his former major. B. Because he could get a well paid job in the future. C. Because he felt it his duty to help his homeland. D. Because the country asked him to do so. 2. What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage? A. His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B. His research in the United States. C. His friends' encouragement. D. His habit of reading a lot. 3. How long did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States? A. About 15 years. B. About 20 years. C. About 25 years. D. About 30 years. 4. How was Hawking's own theory proved correct? A. Fred Hoyle admitted the mistake himself. B. He worked with others to prove it true. C. He pointed out and corrected Fred Hoyle's mistake in the maths. D. Hawking was one of the most famous scientists in physics at the moment. 【答案】 1－5　CABC Task 2 细读课文，关注表达策略 【学结构】 The father of China’s aerospace Personal information of Qian Xuesen *Born in Hangzhou in 1911 *Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering. *In 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to (1)_______________. *In 1935, Qian went to the United States to pursue his (2)_______________ studies. *Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s, Qian became a pioneer in American jet and (3)_______________ technology. *As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s. *In the 1940s, Qian and several other people (4)_______________ the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. *In (5)_______________, Qian returned to China. *Under his leadership, China developed the Dongfeng missiles. In 1970, China successfully launched its first man-made (6)_______________. *On 31 October 2009, he died. A world of pure thought Stepen Hawking *He was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in (7)_______________. *He came down with a disease and lost the use of most of his (8)_______________. *In 1964, he first achieved fame. *He insisted the big (9)_______________ theory. *The qualities made him a genius: brilliant, brave, determined, willing to admit his (10)_______________ 【答案】 1． aviation 2． graduate 3． rocket 4． founded 5． 1955 6． satellite 7． physics 8． muscles 9． bang 10． faults. 【学技巧】 1. 佳句背诵 开头句： 1) They hold the belief that the stories of scientists are attractive and easy to understand. 2) I'd love to share Qian Xuesen's story with you. 过渡句： 3) As far as I am concerned，I like Qian Xuesen，because his experience told me the truth and encouraged me to learn more. 4) What matters is to hold your own dreams. 结尾句： 5) However，every coin has two sides. 6) After all，not everyone dares to face reality bravely. 2. 课文语法填空 The Father of China’s Aerospace Perhaps no other scientist has had a 1. ___________ (great) impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. He was a well-respected man, 2. ___________ served his homeland with effort. Born in Hangzhou in 1911, Qian attended schools in Beijing and Shanghai. In 1935, he went to the US 3. ___________ further study and then worked there. After overcoming some difficulties, he 4. ___________ (return) to China in 1955, and was put in charge of developing China’s rocket science as well as the space and missile programme. 5. ___________ (face) with challenges, Qian didn’t feel discouraged. When 6. ___________ (ask) “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?”, his reply was “Why not?” Under 7. ___________ (he) leadership, China developed its own missiles, rockets, and man-made satellites 8. ___________ (success). Qian was knowledgeable. However, 9. ___________ made him an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his interest in other things like music and drawing, which gave him 10. ___________ (inspire) in scientific research. The whole country was saddened by Qian’s death in 2009. 【答案】 1. greater 2. who 3. for 4. returned 5. Faced 6. asked 7. his 8. successfully 9. what 10. inspiration 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$