Unit 2 Looking into the Future Words and Expressions 单词讲解 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册

选必一UNIT 2 LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE 单词导学案 教材原句p.18Words such as predict ，prediction ，and forecast ，are also used quite often when making predictions. 1 predict vt. 预测；预言；预料 搭配 It is predicted that... 据预测…… be predicted to do sth. 预测做某事 1. In conclusion，no one can predict how much damage the radiation leak will cause to the environment. 2. It was predicted that the temperature of the next month would continue to fall. 3. The hurricane is predicted to reach the coast tomorrow morning. 单句语法填空 （1）Sales were five percent lower than _____________（predict）. （2）No matter how carefully you plan your finances，no one can predict _____________the unexpected will happen. （3）It’s ridiculous of you to believe in her _____________（predict）about your future. （4）In summer，the weather is much less_____________（predict）. 完成句子 （5）据预报会有地震。 _____________________________________________________________ 2 forecast vt. （forecasted，forecasted 或forecast，forecast） 预测；预报　n. 预测；预报 a weather forecast 天气预报 1. Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy. 。 2. A thunderstorm is forecast for tomorrow. 3. The scientists forecast that after several more years of environmental protection efforts the ozone layer(臭氧层) will recover to its original extent. 【学法点拨】 forecast 中的fore- 是前缀，表示“在前部，预先”。前缀fore- 构成的其他单词还有：forehead 前额，foresee 预见，foretell 预言。 单句语法填空 （1）With today’s technology，scientists still have difficulty _____________（forecast） earthquakes. 完成句子 （2）Nowadays __________________________　（天气预报） brings lots of convenience to our life. （3）We can hardly __________________________（预测结果如何）. 3 occupation n.［C］工作，职业；［U］侵占，占领；居住，占用 Please give your name，age and occupation. The area is under occupation. 【词语积累】 （1）occupy vt. 占用；占据；使忙于 occupy oneself（in）doing sth./with sth. 忙于（做）某事 Farmers are occupying themselves with the crops in the fields.农民正在地里忙着收割庄稼。 （2）occupied adj. 忙于……的 be occupied（in）doing sth./with sth. 忙于（做）某事 单句语法填空 （1）— Why don’t you choose engineer as your_____________（occupy）? — I don’t want to devote myself to lifeless machines. （２）On long journeys I occupy _____________（I）with maths puzzles. （3）Please state your name，address and _____________（occupy）in the box below. （4）He’s fully occupied _____________（look） after three small children. 4 oppose vt. 反对（计划、政策等）；抵制，阻挠 oppose doing sth. 反对做某事 搭配 oppose sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事 be opposed to（doing）sth. 反对（做）某事（to 为介词） I would oppose abusing the law. Mary’s dad strongly opposed her going there alone.At that time，the upper classes were very opposed to the political changes proposed by the reformers. 单句语法填空 （1）Many local people opposed _____________（build） the new airport. （2）My mother was very much opposed to my_____________（go） abroad. （3）The statesman，_____________（oppose）to carrying out the project，made some comment in the report. （4）They expressed strong _____________（oppose）to the plans. 5. absence n. 不存在；缺乏；缺席，不在 in the absence of 因缺乏…… 搭配in/during one’s absence 某人不在/ 缺席的时候 absence of mind 心不在焉 absence from work/school 缺勤/ 缺课 The absence of financial resources makes these small companies helpless. They decided on the date and place of the party during my absence. His repeated absences from school are worrying. He has been absent from his desk for two weeks. There were 200 people present at the meeting. 单句语法填空 （1）Courage is not the _____________（absent） of fear but rather the judgment that something else is more important than fear. （2） The campaign had begun _____________ his absence. （3）There were so many people absent _____________the meeting that it had to be put off. 完成句子 （4）_____________________（因为没有）visas，they were forced to leave America. （5）The manager _________________（缺席）the important meeting last week. （6）I’ll _______________（出席）your firm’s reception next week. 6 rather than 而不是；与其，宁愿 I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. They were shouting rather than talking. Rather than cause trouble，he left. 【学法点拨】 （1）rather than 用于连接两个并列成分。 （2）rather than 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。具有相同用法的词语还有 as well as，together with，with 等。 （3）rather than 连接两个不定式时，后一个不定式常省略 to。当rather than 位于句首时，后常跟不带 to 的不定式。 【归纳拓展】 prefer to do...rather than do... would do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do...than do... The boy prefers to take the toy apart rather than throw it away. =The boy would take the toy apart rather than throw it away. =The boy would rather take the toy apart than throw it away. 这个男孩宁愿把玩具拆开而不愿扔掉。 完成句子 （1）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite，_____________（而不是）divide us. 单句语法填空 （2）Peter rather than I _____________（doubt）whether the problem is worth thinking about. （3）They answered violence with violence rather than _____________（accept）they were less important. （4）Facing up to your problems rather than_____________（run） away from them is the best approach to 7 combine v.（使）结合；混合 搭配 combine with 与……结合起来 combine A and/with B 把A 和B 结合起来 combine against 联合起来对抗…… combine... into... 把……合成…… Hydrogen氢 combines with oxygen氧 to form water.=Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. It’s vital that you should try to combine exercise with a balanced diet. Now that the new coronavirus is the common enemy of mankind，it is time for all the countries to make it their duty to combine against it. 【词语积累】 combination n. 结合，联合，混合 in combination with 与……结合 单句语法填空 （1）In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，____________（combine）the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”. （2）They combined the two small shops ____________a big one. 完成句子 （3）It is well-known that theory must be ____________（与……结合） practice. 8 benefit from从……中受益，受益于…… It is obvious that doing eye exercises benefits our eyes，and that is to say，our eyes can benefit from doing eye exercises. 【词语积累】 （1）benefit v. 使受益；得益于 n. 益处，好处 for the benefit of 为了……的利益　　 be of benefit to 对……有益 Plenty of exercise every day is of great benefit to losing weight. （2）beneficial adj. 有益的；受益的 be beneficial to 对……有益 Exercise and a good mood are beneficial to postponing aging. 单句语法填空 （1）I’m sure that everyone will benefit a lot____________ this activity. （2）It can be ____________（benefit）to share your feelings with someone you trust. 完成句子 （3）It is said that yoga is _________________________________（对……很有好处）human health. （4）The poor and homeless _________________（受益于）social welfare；they are provided with food and clothing. （5）China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ______________________　（为了……的利益）all its citizens. 9 persuade vt. 劝说；说服；使相信，使信服 to do/into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 persuade sb. not to do/out of doing sth. 说服某人不要做某事 of sth. 使某人相信某事 that... 使某人相信…… I finally persuaded her to be committed to the struggle for the equal rights. She persuaded him out of smoking. He must persuade his companion of his honesty. It will be difficult to persuade them that there’s no other choice. 【误区警示】 （1）persuade sb. to do/into doing sth. 表示“成功地说服某人做某事”，强调说服的结果。 （2）advise sb. to do sth. 或try to persuade sb. to do sth. 表示“劝说/试图说服某人做某事”，但不一定“说服”。 I advised him to leave London，but he didn’t listen. 我劝他离开伦敦，但是他不听。 单句语法填空 （1）The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____________（persuade）to eat more fruit and vegetables. （2）Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter ____________　（change）her mind. 完成句子 （3）He persuaded me ______________________________（不去参加） to the party. 10 distant adj. （1）遥远的；远处的；久远的 a distant memory 久远的回忆 distant stars/planets遥远的恒星 / 行星 （2）疏远的；心不在焉的 It’s hard to evaluate his attitude，but he sounded very cold and distant on the phone. （3）远亲的，远房的 a distant cousin/aunt/relative远房堂兄弟 / 姑母 /亲戚 【归纳拓展】 in the distance 在远处　　　 at a distance 从远处，有一段距离 keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离，对某人冷淡 keep one’s distance（from...）（与……）保持距离 单句语法填空 （1）［词汇复现］The ____________　（distance） light transmits much faster than the sound through the air. （2）The beach is within walking ____________　（distant） of my house. 完成句子 （3）She was warned to ___________________________　（与……保持距离）Charles if she didn’t want to get 11 routine n. 常规；正常顺序 adj. 常规的；日常的；例行公事的 daily routine日常生活 follow the routine遵从惯例 my daily exercise routine 我每天的锻炼习惯 a routine medical check定期健康检查 It’s vital to break your daily routine sometimes. 单句语法填空 （1）［词汇复现］The use of smartphones is breaking____________　 routine when it comes to shopping and paying for things. 完成句子 （2）Thus eating becomes an enjoyment instead of a ____________（工作）you have to do every day. （3）If you want to break out of the comfort zone，you have to first _______________________　　（打破常规）. 12 instant n. & adj. （1）n. 瞬间，片刻 the instant（that）（相当于连词）（=as soon as） for an instant 一瞬间（指动作持续的时间） in an instant 立即，马上（=immediately） （at）any instant 随时，在任何情况下 I recognized her the instant（that）I saw her. He attracted her attention for an instant. I’ll be back in an instant. （2）adj. 立即的；速食的；速溶的 I felt instant relief after taking a couple of tablets. The show was an instant success. 演出一炮打响。 instant coffee 速溶咖啡 instant noodles 方便面 单句语法填空 （1）The birds flew away in all directions ____________　instant they caught sight of a man coming near. （2）These boys and girls jumped with joy____________　（ i n s t a n t ）the chairman announced the result of the game. （3）On ____________　（hear）the news，the little boy burst into tears. 完成句子 （4）____________________________________（一……就……）I saw him，I knew he was the suspect the police were looking for. （5）The guard swiftly put on his uniform，fastened his belt and entered the royal palace ________________________　（立即）. 13 command n. & vt. （1）n. 命令，指令；控制，指挥； （尤指对语言的）掌握，运用能力 take/have command of 控制，指挥 （be）in command of 控制，指挥 under one’s command=under the command of sb. 由某人指挥 have a good command of... 精通…… The police arrived and took command of the situation. troops under the command of General Roberts She has a good command of several languages，such as English and Danish. （2）vt. 命令；控制 搭配：command sb.（not）to do sth. 命令某人（不要）做某事 When some satellites run out of fuel and cannot return to Earth，they will command themselves to self-destruct. 当一些卫星耗尽燃料无法返回地球时，它们会命令自己自我销毁。［词汇复现］ 【学法点拨】 command 作“命令”讲，后接名词性从句时，从句的谓语用“should +动词原形”，should 可以省略。 The general gave a command that they（ should） start at once. 将军命令他们立即出发。（同位语从句） He commanded that his men （ should） fire.他命令他的士兵开火。（宾语从句） 单句语法填空 （1）The policeman commanded the thief____________　（hand）in what he had stolen. （2）He gave his command that all the reports__________________　（finish）by 5：00 p.m. （3）For the first time in years，she felt ____________　command of her life. 完成句子 （4）Applicants will be expected to ________________________ _（精通）English. （5）He commanded that ________________________________（所有的大门都要关闭）at dusk. 14 obey vt. & vi. 服从；遵守 obey a command/an order 服从指挥 / 命令 obey rules/the law遵守规则 / 法律 He called the dog off and it immediately obeyed. 他叫狗离开，狗听话地马上就离开了。 【词语积累】 dis- + obey → disobey vt. & vi. 不服从；违抗 完成句子 （1）As a junior clerk，you must ________________________（服从上级官员）at all times. （2）If everyone ____________________________________（遵守交通规则），safety will be much improved. 单句语法填空 （3）He was punished for ____________（obey） the manager’s command. 15 warning n. （就可能发生的意外等提出的）警告；警示；先兆 He ignored the policeman’s warning. There is a warning on the bottle of the medicine.。 a warning signal 警报信号 without warning 没有预告地，突然地 【词语积累】 warn vt. & vi. （对人）警告；提醒（某事）；告诫 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事 warn sb.（not）to do sth. 警告某人（不要）去做某事 单句语法填空 （1）She gave her child ____________　warning of not playing near the railway line. （2）Doctors issued a warning ____________　eating any fish caught in the river. 完成句子 （3）医生告诫我不要喝酒。 ______________________________________________ 16 relevant adj. 有关的；有意义的 搭配：be relevant to 与……有关 All relevant scientific observation data and analysis results should be shared between different countries. Apparently，what we are discussing should be relevant to the subject，but not opposite. 单句语法填空 （1）These comments are not directly relevant____________　 this inquiry. 完成句子 （2）In the exams，make sure that everything you write _____________（与……相关） the questions you have been asked. （3）I don’t think what he said _______________________　（与话题有关）we are discussing. He has missed the point. 16 available adj. 可获得的；可购得的；（人）有空的 Admission tickets for all the attractions in the amusement park are available. 游乐园中所有景点的门票都可以买到。 There are plenty of jobs available in the area. 这个地区有许多就业机会。 Will she be available this afternoon?今天下午她有空吗？ Collins was not available for comment. 柯林斯没空发表评论。 【学法点拨】 英语中有一类形容词叫作表语形容词。一些以a- 开头的形容词（字母a 通常弱读），如alive，afraid，awake，alone，asleep，available 等，一般作表语；如果作定语，则必须置于被修饰词的后面。 He is one of the most famous pianists alive in the world.他是世界上健在的最著名的钢琴家之一。 完成句子 （1）I’m sorry，Mr. White ___________________（没空）at the moment，for the meeting hasn’t come to an end. （2）Just use this room for the time being，and we’ll offer you a larger one _____________________________（一旦它可以用）. （3）— Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind? — Sorry. I returned it to the library just now. Maybe __________________（还可以借到它）. 重点句式 1 it 作形式主语 it 作形式主语，代替真正的主语——that 从句。当that 引导的从句作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，通常把它移到句子后面，用it 作形式主语，放到句首 在 it 作形式主语的句子中，真正的主语可以是不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句。 It is quite necessary to react quickly to any emergency. （不定式短语是真正的主语） It is no use talking with her.（动名词短语是真正的主语） It’s impossible that you get there within one hour.（that 从句是真正的主语） 【归纳拓展】常见的it 作形式主语的句型： It’s no use/no good doing sth. 做某事是没有用/ 无益的。 It’s said/reported/believed that... 据说/ 据报道/ 人们认为…… It’s a pity/a shame/a wonder that... 可惜/ 遗憾/ 奇怪的是…… It’s up to sb. to do sth. 做某事是某人的义务/ 职责 单句语法填空 （1）The doctor thought ____________ would be good for you to have a holiday. （2）It’s impolite ____________（speak） when you’re eating. You should avoid this kind of behaviour. （3）It is no use ____________（argue）with Bill because he will never admit his mistakes. （4）It is a pity ____________ you missed such a good lecture. 完成句子 （5）________________________　 （据报道）the actress will star in the new film. 2 动词不定式短语作定语 （1）如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 They had only a cold room to live in. 他们只有一间寒冷的房间住。 He has a nice pen to write with. 他有一支用来写字的好钢笔。 （ 2）如果被修饰词是 time，place 或 way，不定式后的介词习惯上可以省略。 They found no place to stay（ in） for the night. 他们没有找到地方过夜。 【学法点拨】 常接不定式作定语的名词有ability，chance，idea，excuse，promise，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time 等。 The system has the ability to run more than one program at the same time. 该系统能够同时运行一个以上的程序。 Please give me a chance to explain. 请给我一个解释的机会。 单句语法填空 （1）I’m looking for a house to live ____________. （2）She was the first woman ____________（win）the gold medal in the Olympic Games. （3）Telling your family history is a great way for the younger members of your family ____________（learn）some history and really understand and connect with it. （4）That Beijing together with Zhangjiakou succeeded in getting the chance ____________　（host） the 2022 Winter Olympic Games，speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou. 3 find+ 宾语 + 宾补 “find+ 宾语+ 宾补”结构表示“发现……处于某状态/ 在做某事”。 （1）find+ 名词/ 代词 + 形容词/ 副词/ 名词（短语） I find my knowledge of the business limited. 我发现自己对这一行了解有限。 When we got home，we found all the lights on. 我们到家时发现所有的灯都亮着。 The two brothers found Henry a penniless man. 这兄弟俩发现亨利身无分文。 （2）find+ 名词/ 代词 + 介词短语 He found his father in heavy debt by chance. 他偶然发现他的父亲负债累累。 find+ 名词/ 代词 + 现在分词（表示主动或正在进行） She turned around and found a man staring at her.（4）find+ 名词/ 代词 + 过去分词（表示被动或已经完成） I found my wallet stolen on the bus.【误区警示】 （1）不定式作find 的宾语时，常用it 作形式宾语，而把不定式放在宾补之后。结构：find + it（形式宾语）+ 宾补 + 不定式（真正的宾语）。 He found it difficult to win his customers back.（2）与 find 的这一用法相同的词还有 feel，think，consider，make 等。 He considers it quite foolish to do that. 　 单句语法填空 （1）When we got there，we found a number of people already ____________　（work） there. （2）They went out and found the bridge ____________　（wash） away by the flood. （3）He found it very difficult ____________（solve）the problem. （4）Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ___________（lose）for words. （5）The fact that she was foreign made ____________　difficult for her to get a job in that country. 4 make + it+adj. +（for sb./sth.） to do sth. 在该结构中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式结构。本句中it 后的形容词为宾语补足语，for 后sb 是不定式的逻辑主语。 （1）能用于上述结构的动词还有 consider，think，find，believe，feel，judge 等。 （2）该结构中的宾语补足语除了可以用形容词外，还可以用名词（词组）。 （3）真正的宾语除了可以用不定式结构之外，还可以用that 引导的从句。 Does this disability make it difficult for them to do some things? 这种残疾会不会使他们在做一些事情时有困难呢？ He made it clear that he wanted me to stay for another week. 他清楚地表示他希望我能再待一周。 单句语法填空 （1）The heavy rain makes it impossible for me_____________（go）there. （2）We all thought it a pity _____________ the conference should have been cancelled. 完成句子 （3）He__________________________　（已经弄清楚） the meeting will not be postponed. （4）I __________________________（认为是一种荣幸）to go there with my beloved friends. $$