虚拟语气 讲解 课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

语法专题之 虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood) 虚拟语气 概念 基本用法 在条件状语从句中 在名词性从句中 在其他句型中 目录 一、虚拟语气 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的或者不是事实，或者与事实相反。 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对所说内容的看法和态度，有陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三种。 1．（23-24高三下·广东中山·阶段练习）If he ______ hard at high school, he ______ a college student now. A．studied; is B．had studied; is C．studied; would be D．had studied; would be 2．（23-24高三上·陕西西安·期末）It is strongly recommended that the machine _____ maintained every year for safety reasons. A．be B．will be C．is D．has been 3．（23-24高三下·广东东莞·开学考试）He might have already recovered from his illness ________ the fact that he didn’t follow the doctor’s advice. A．if it was not for B．were it not for C．if it should not be for D．had it not been for D A D 进阶测试 一、虚拟语气在 条件状语从句 中的运用 虚拟条件句，是条件状语从句的一种，只不过这个条件是虚拟的。表示“假如这件事情发生的话（实际基本不可能发生）”。这时候，为了表示出这个条件是虚拟的，我们可以把时态倒推一格，同时主句时态也要相应地倒推一格。 比如： 一般现在时：If I do... → If I did... 一般将来时：If I will do... → If I would do... 现在完成时：If I have done... → If I had done... 虚拟在非真实条件句中的运用 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词的形式 主句谓语动词的形式 与现在事实相反 过去式（be一般用were） should/would/could/might+动词原形 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+动词原形 与将来事实相反 过去式（be一般用were） Should+动词原形 Were to+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形 虚拟条件句中主从句的谓语形式 1. If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town. （与现在事实相反） 2. If he had taken your advice, he would have passed the driving test. （与过去事实相反。） 3. If it rained / should rain / were to rain tomorrow, they would not go for a picnic.（与将来事实相反。） 1．（23-24高三上·福建·开学考试）We wouldn’t have called a taxi yesterday if Harold (offer) us a ride home. 2．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）I am sorry I am very busy now. If I (have) time，I would certainly go to the movies with you. 进阶测试 所给词的适当形式填空 had offered had 1.错综时间条件句 错综时间条件句，又叫混合时间条件句。主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。 If I were you, I wouldn’t have missed the film last night. (现在—过去) If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would recover already. (过去—现在) If Mary helped Tom do the work today, it would be finished tomorrow afternoon. (现在—将来) 虚拟条件句的特殊用法 1．（22-23高三上·河南南阳·阶段练习）Had you listened to the doctor, you (be) all right now. 2．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he (be) able to speak it much better now. would be would be 进阶测试 所给词的适当形式填空 2省略if虚拟条件句 If条件句中若含有were, had, should时，可以把if省略，把were, had, should移至主语前，构成倒装结构。 Had it not been for your generous help, we couldn’t have finished the project punctually. Had I followed his advice last week, I wouldn’t be stuck in such an annoying situation at the moment. 虚拟条件句的特殊用法 1．（23-24高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中） it snow tomorrow, I would take the subway to work. 2．（21-22高一下·全国·课前预习） (be) I a bird, I would fly to see you at once. Should 进阶测试 用适当的词填空 Were 3.含蓄虚拟条件句 有时虚拟的条件并不是直接通过条件句来表示，而是通过一些词或短语体现出来，如without, but for, otherwise, or, but等，甚至暗含在上下文中，我们称之为“含蓄条件句”。 Without air, there would be no living things in the world. But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work on time. I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. 虚拟条件句的特殊用法 二、虚拟语气在 名词性从句 中的运用 虚拟在宾语从句中的用法 1. 在表示要求、建议、命令等动词后面的宾语从句中，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”形式。 一坚持insist; 二命令order, command 四建议advise,propose, recommend,suggest 五要求require,demand, request,desire,urge + 宾语从句中 （主语 + (should) do）. insist作“坚持认为，坚持说”时，其后的宾语从句应用陈述语气； suggest作“暗示，表明”时，从句应用陈述语气 1．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）The expert requests teenagers (focus) on what they are doing and be responsible for their behaviour. 2．（23-24高三上·陕西渭南·阶段练习）He insisted that we (change) our schedule, though no one really agreed with him. (所给词的适当形式填空) to focus/focus change/should change 进阶测试 2. 虚拟语气在wish后的宾语从句中的用法。 wish表示“但愿，要是……就好了”,后接宾语从句时，表示不能实现的愿望，从句应用虚拟语气。 虚拟在宾语从句中的用法 时间 从句动词形式 例句 与现在事实相反 v+ed; be 用were I wish I knew his telephone number. 与过去事实相反 had done； would/could have done I wish I had not created this creature. 与将来事实相反 would//should/could/might+动词原形 I wish you wouldn't leave your clothes all over the floor. 进阶测试 1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）I wish I (take) your advice last time, and then I wouldn't have been blamed by others. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（2022高三上·全国·专题练习）—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. —I wish they (not be) always late. （所给词的适当形式填空） had taken wouldn’t be 3. 虚拟语气在would rather,would as soon, would sooner, would prefer (表示”宁愿，但愿”)+宾语从句中的用法 从句谓语动词的形式如下： 对现在或将来的虚拟：过去式(be动词用were) 对过去的虚拟： had+过去分词 虚拟在宾语从句中的用法 I'd rather you paid the money yourself.(对现在情况的假设) I'd rather she hadn't come yesterday.(对过去情况的假设) 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 含有虚拟语气主语从句的常用句式 从句动词形式 例句 It is important/necessary/proper/essential/… +that从句（主语从句） (should+) 动词原形 It is necessary that you(should)take plenty of exercise every day. It is suggested/requested/required/advised... +that 从句（主语从句） It is suggested that parents(should)spend more time with their children. 14．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）It is essential that these application forms (send) back as early as possible. 15．（23-24高一上·全国·课后作业）It’s our desire that you (provide) some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions. 16．（23-24高三上·河北石家庄·开学考试）Obviously, it is high time that we (take) effective measures to tackle the problem. 进阶测试 should be sent should provide/provide took/should take 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法 在表示主张、要求、建议、命令的名词suggestion, proposal, advice, demand, order, requirement构成的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词常用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。 My suggestion is that we (should) walk home instead of taking a taxi. Doctors give us a piece of advice that we (should) pay more attention to our health. 三、虚拟语气在 其他句式 中的运用 句式 动词形式 例句 It’s (high/about )time that...（定语从句修饰time） 过去式或“should+动词原形”(should不可省略) It's(high)time that you made up your mind. It's(about)time that the thing should be done. as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，表示与现在或过去事实相反的情况，或对将来的推测时 ①过去式(与现在事实相反) ②had +过去分词(与过去事实相反) ③would/could/might+动词原形(对将来的推测) The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years. 含蓄虚拟条件句(if only,but for, without, or,otherwise等) ①would/could/should/might+动词原形(对现在或将来情况的假设) ②would/could/should/might have +过去分词(对过去情况的假设) But for your advice,I wouldn't have made such great progress. You didn't come yesterday;otherwise you would have seen him. 本句型有时可不用虚拟语气，而用一般现在时或一般过去时。 Here’s some money in case you need it. 2. 在in case, lest“以免，唯恐”, for fear that 引导的状语从句中，表示“以防，以免”，从句的谓语形式常为“should+动词原形” He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. I will not make a noise for fear that I (should) disturb you. They spoke in whispers lest they should be heard. 1.用动词原形： Long live the friendship! 2.May+动词原形：May you be happy! 3. 虚拟语气用在表示祝愿的句子中。 Long live the People’s Republic of China! 进阶测试 1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）The Antarctica is so mysteriously described by some people. If only I (be) there before! had been 补充内容： It is (high/about) time (that)+定语从句，表示“（早）该做某事了”。 that为关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰time，在从句中充当状语，可以省略。time在主句中作表语，可由high，about修饰。 当先行词为place, time, moment, season, day, reason, way等时，可使用that作为关系副词引导定语从句，在从句中作时间、地点、原因和方式状语。 Come and see us any time (that) you're in town.       I'll never forget the day (that) we met.      That was the year (that) I first went abroad. 四、虚拟语气解题方法 1.时间暗示法 在解答虚拟语气试题时，要注意找出句子中动作发生的时间，这是解答此类试题的关键。 1.(天津市静海一中高三月考)Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy______(save). A.would have save B.would save C.would have been saved D.would be saved C 解析：省略了if的虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以主句谓语动词应用“would/could/should/might have+过去分词”的形式；主语a huge amount of time and energy和动词save之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态。 2.语气暗示法 正确判断题干中所暗含的语气，是虚拟语气还是陈述语气，也是正确解答此类试题的关键。 2.(江西省南昌市八一中学高三期中)The teacher insisted that every minute (make)full use of to do the work well. (should)be made 解析：此处insisted作“坚持要求”讲，其后跟从句时应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词应用“(should+)动词原形”的形式；every minute与make full use of之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态。 3.重要词汇、句型提示法 在虚拟语气试题中，有些单词、句型是解题的关键，如order,advise,wish等，考生应牢固掌握此类单词和句型的特殊用法。 3. (河北省石家庄一中高三二模)The doctor recommended that you _________ (not)swim after eating a large meal. 解析：表示“命令、建议、请求、要求”的动词后跟宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词应用“(should+)动词原形”的形式。 shouldn't 五、虚拟语气真题回顾 单项选择 1．（23-24高三下·广东东莞·开学考试）The surgeon recommended the patient ________ in no time. A．to be operated B．operate on C．should operate D．be operated on 2．（23-24高三上·黑龙江大庆·期末）He suggested that the problems ______ paid special attention to. A．referred to being B．referring to being C．referred to be D．referring to be 3．（23-24高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）I would rather Tom ______ to see me in the office instead of at home tomorrow. A．would come B．had come C．came D．is coming 4．（19-20高三上·天津北辰·期中）Richard is so tired after work that he feels ________ he could sleep for 24 hours. A．as if B．even though C．in case D．now that 5．（22-23高三上·天津武清·期中）It’s a pity that such a talent as Jerry ______ leave his favourite work in that company. A．need B．could C．should D．may D C C A C 语法填空 6．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life (encourage) to finance the project with their deeper love for these children. 7．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）My husband is always talking about the economy, but I’d rather he (focus) more on our children’s education. 8．（23-24高三上·内蒙古赤峰·阶段练习）Kate suggested that not only I go to the party but also give a performance at the ball. 9．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）“ it were not for tennis, I would still be helping out my family with farm work back at home,” Wang said. 10．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）I am sure I would have lost him if I (continue) dancing. 11．（23-24高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）If motorists (avoid) speeding on highways, there would not be more traffic accidents reported. should be encouraged/be encouraged focused should If had continued avoided $$