主谓一致 讲解课件-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

语法专题 之 主谓一致 概念 01 主谓一致，是主谓语一致的简称，指主语和谓语必须在人称和数上保持一致。 主谓一致 遵循的 原则 01 02 03 语法一致原则：主语的语法性质决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 意义一致原则：根据主语的内涵决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。主语是单数形式，但却表达复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语是复数形式，但却表达单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。 就近原则：谓语动词根据其前面最临近的名/代词的数的形式来决定谓语动词的形式。 语法一致原则：主语的语法性质决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 Their team are playing wonderfully. Their team is bigger than ours. 意义一致原则：根据主语的内涵决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。主语是单数形式，但却表达复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语是复数形式，但却表达单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。 All possible means have been adopted. Every means has been tried. The works was built in 1970. Translated works by Premier Li's wife sell well. 就近原则：谓语动词根据其前面最临近的名/代词的数的形式来决定谓语动词的形式。 Either he or I am right. Nrither I nor he is right. Not only all the students but also the teacher likes him. Not I but he is going to travel there. 一、谓语动词为单数的情况 The ball _____(is/are) under the desk. The water _______(is/are) very hot. More than one shop was stolen last night. 1.单数可数名词做主语、不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 2.more than one +单数可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 注意：More+ 复数名词 than one做主语，谓语动词用复数。 More shops than one were stolen last night. A student or two has failed the exam. One or two students have failed the exam. Many a student was late for school yesterday. 3. a+单数可数 or two做主语，谓语动词用单数。 注意：one or two+ 复数名词做主语，谓语动词用复数。 4. many a+单数可数 做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Physics is kind of hard to learn. The United States is the most powerful country in the world. The New York Times is a well-known newspaper. 5. 以-S结尾的名词，表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称 作主语,谓语动词用单数。news，works, physics, maths, gymnastics... no each every many a and + 单数可数名词 + no each every many a 单数可数名词 做主语，谓语动词用单数。 + 6. Many a boy and many a girl is invited to the party. 7. a kind of a sort of a type of a series of A new series of books for children has been published. 修饰名词做主语，谓语动词用单数。 Everybody likes the film. 8.复合不定代词做主语，谓语动词用单数。something, anything, nothing, someone, anyone, none,somebody, anybody, nobody等 9.each, either, neither, another, little，a little, much 做主语或者修饰主语，谓语动词用单数。 Much of the water was wasted. Neither of them is of use. Four years has passed since Biden was elected as the American president. Three miles was too long a distance for me to walk. Ten dollars is not enough to buy this book. 10.时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数数量概念做主语，被看做是一个单位值时，谓语动词用单数。 war and peace iron and steel truth and honesty a watch and chain needle and thread 11.两个单数名词用and并列，表示一个事无不可分割的两部分，这种结构做主语，谓语动词用单数。 12.用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. The poet and writer has come. A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 13.用and并列形容词修饰名词做主语，如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. The red and white shirt looks nice. The red and the white shirt look nice. Jim's and Tom's father are all drivers. What caused the accident is a complete mystery. To drink clean water is not easy for people in Africa. Playing basketball is very interesting. 14. 主语从句、动词不定式和动名词结构作主语，谓语动词用单数。 二、谓语动词为复数的情况 1. 集合名词做主语，比如：people, police, cattle, crew, clothes,public等，谓语动词用复数。 The police have caught the thief yesterday. People like travelling. 2. 由两部分构成的事物的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。 glasses 眼镜　 trousers 裤子 clothes 衣服 pants 裤子 jeans 牛仔裤 gloves 手套 socks 袜子 stocks 长筒袜 shoes 鞋 scissors 剪刀 tweezers 镊子 sleeves 袖 boots 靴子 Your shoes are under the bed. His trousers are of good quality. 3. 两个单数名词用and或both...and并列作主语，谓语动词用复数。 The writer and the poet come from the same country. Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. The writer and poet comes from that country. 4. the +形容词/过去分词/动词ing分词作主语，表示一类人或者一类物，谓语动词用复数。 The wounded have been taken to the hospital. The poor are to be helped. 4. 两个形容词共同修饰一个名词，若两个名词前面都有冠词，作主语，谓语动词用复数；若两个形容词前面只有一个冠词，作主语，谓语动词用单数。 The red and the white coat are mine. The black and white coat is mine. 三、谓语动词视主语情况而定的特例 1. 集合名词做主语，谓语动词要根据主语的意义的单复数，来决定谓语动词的单复数。people, public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group... His family is rich. His family are all music lovers. Our class is on the fourth floor. Our class study harder than theirs. 2. 不定代词all, more, most, some, any, none作主语， 谓语动词的单复数要取决于主语的意义。 All of the apples are rotten. All of the fruit is rotten. None of the money is left. None of the students are there. 3. the rest of half of part of majority of percent of one third of +名词作主语，谓语动词要跟名词的数一致。 Half of the students have finished their homework. Half of the food is bad. About 60 percent of the farmers in this village are old. About 60 percent of the work is done. 4. a lot of lots of plenty of a large quantity of +名词作主语，谓语动词要跟名词的数一致。 A lot of the film stars were at the meeting. A lot of money has been saved. Plenty of the water is polluted by the factory. Plenty of the visitors are from the south. 5. a great deal of a good deal fo a large amount of +不可数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。 A great deal of water is polluted. Only a small amount of food is left. 6. a number of a group of a variety of +名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。 A number of books are lent out from the library every day. A variety of fruits are on the table now. 注意： the unmber of 的意思是“......的数量”，其作主语，谓语动词用单数： The number of students in our class is 30. 7. 有些名词单复数同形，其谓语动词的单复数取决于名词在句子中所表达的单复数意义（意义一致原则）。means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese...... Not every means is useful. Not all means are useful. There is a chemical works near our school. Luxun's works are very popular in China. 8. none, neither 作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 None of us has/have ever been to Beijing. Neither of the books is/are of any use to him. 9.名词作主语，后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词取决于做主语的名词，与名词后面携带的插入部分没有关系。 Air as well as water is matter. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 主谓一致 语法专练 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Not only his parents but also his brother _______ (have) gone to the Summer Palace.They’ll be back next week. 2. The professor was very disappointed because many a student _________ (be) not interested in his class. 3. The writer and translator ______ (be) delivering a speech in our school now. 4. The young often __________ (think) of the old conservative while the old always __________ (consider) the young inexperienced. 5. My family _____ (be) not large, but my family _______ (be) all music lovers. has was is think consider is are 6. The number of people invited __________ (be) 60, but a number of them __________ (be) absent for different reasons. 7. Ancient and modern history __________ (be) the subjects we are studying. 8. Jim is the only one of the students in his class who _____ (be) never late for school. 9. To everyone's surprise, no book and no pen __________ (find) in his schoolbag. 10. Two hours _______ (be) enough for us to finish this work. was were are is was found is 11. Arm, as well as her brothers, __________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the institute last week. 12. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who __________ (wear) ordinary evening dress. 13. The factory used 65 percent of the clean-burning materials, the rest of which __________ (be) saved for other purposes. 14. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____ (be) often acceptable and flexible. 15. What we need ______ (be) a balanced diet. was given wears were is is 二、从括号内选择正确的形式完成句子。 1. Decorating the greeting cards with beautiful flowers __________ (is /are) unique. 2. Tea, a popular drink in China, __________ (is / are) carefully prepared according to the local customs. 3. Tom is one of the boys who __________ (is /are) always ready to help others. 4. Cycling along with jogging and wimming __________ (are /is )regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. is is are is 5. The little girl opened the box carefully and let out an exciting cry. Inside it __________ (was / were) two cute puppies. 6. Every possible means __________ (have / has) been used to prevent the virus spreading, but in vain. 7. All we need __________ (is / are) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of vegetables. 8. According to WHO. listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volumes __________ (cause / causes) hearing problems. were has is causes 三、根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。 1. _________________________________ (有一场足球比赛) between Class 8 and Class l2 yesterday afternoon. 2. There's no doubt that email as well as telephones ____________________ (起着重要作用) in daily communication. 3. In my opinion, it is you rather than he that ________________ (理应被责备) for the terrible accident. 4. The population of Jiangsu Province ________________ (已经增加到) more than twice what it was in 1949. There was a football game plays an important role are to blame has grown to 5. Every boy and every girl __________ (都很高兴) when they saw that Shenzhou XII flew into space. 6. (不止一个学生反对这个建议) when the monitor put forward it. 7. In our class Tom is one of the students who __________________ (有音乐天赋). 8. All the furniture (已经被搬到另一个房间里)。 was pleased More than one student is against the proposal have a gift for music has been moved to another room 四、下面每题中均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. Either he or I plays football on Sundays. 2. A lot of work were done to prepare for the 2022 Winter Olympics. 3. One hundred yuan are enough to buy the novel The Three-body Problem 4. What caused the accidents remain unknown. play was is remains 5. Doing experiments are a good way to find out answers to questions. 6. Tom as well as two of his classmates were invited to the party. 7. I think it is one of the best films that has ever been shown here this year. 8. The windows which faces south are all broken in the explosion. is was have face 9. Between the two buildings stand a monument. 10. Many a student have made the same mistakes not long before. 11. Two thirds of the land in this area are covered with trees and grass. 12. Most of what has been said about the Smiths are also true of the Johnsons. stands has is is 五、根据句意，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Saving Private Ryan 1. ______ (be) a film directed by Steven Spielberg. The two main characters 2. _________ (be) Captain John Miler, played by Tom Hanks, and Private James Ryan, played by Matt Damon. James Ryan is the fourth son in his family to be sent to fight in the Second World War. The enemy 3. (kill) his three brothers. Their heart-broken mother 4. __________ (receive) the news about all her dead sons on the same day. The US Army 5. (decide) to find Ryan and bring him home. A group of men are sent into the French countryside to try to find the fourth brother. The rescue team 6. ________ (be) led by Captain Miller, a hero of the Omaha Beach battle. At the beginning of the film, the audience 7. ________ (be) thrown into an incredible (难以置信的) sequence of about 30 minutes, depicting (描绘) the landings in Normandy. They 8. ______ (see) the full horror of war, and the chaos and senseless waste of life. Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable war film and, also, a story of courage and sacrifice. It's my favourite film and my family 9. ________ (love) watching it, too. The message of the film is simple—we 10. ________ (want) peace; we don't want war. is are has\have killed receives has\have decided are is see love want $$