第一章 01 名词和冠词 - 2025高三英语一轮高效精准复习备考

2024-08-12
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第一章 第一节名词和冠词 在高中英语一轮复习中,名词和冠词的考法和做法是非常重要的部分。以下是对这两个语法点的详细解析及复习建议: 名词的考法和做法 1. 名词的分类与识别 * 可数名词:表示可以计数的人、事物或概念的名词,如book(书)、apple(苹果)等。注意其单复数形式的变化规则,包括规则变化和不规则变化。 * 不可数名词:表示不能按个数计算的事物或抽象概念的名词,如water(水)、information(信息)等。这类名词通常没有复数形式,且不能与不定冠词a/an连用。 * 专有名词:表示特定的人、地方、机构等的名称,如Beijing(北京)、Einstein(爱因斯坦)等。专有名词的首字母通常需要大写。 2. 名词的数 * 掌握名词单数变复数的规则,特别注意不规则变化的名词。 * 了解哪些名词只有复数形式,如clothes(衣服)、trousers(裤子)等。 * 注意一些特殊情况下名词的单复数用法,如people(人们)作为集合名词时总是复数,而fish既可以指“鱼肉”为不可数名词,也可以指“鱼”为可数名词且有复数形式fishes(不同种类的鱼)。 3. 名词的所有格 * 掌握-’s所有格的构成和使用方法,了解of所有格的用法及其与-’s所有格的区别。 * 注意复合名词和短语的所有格形式。 4. 名词作定语 * 了解名词可以直接修饰另一个名词的用法,如man doctor(男医生)、women teachers(女教师)等。 冠词的考法和做法 1. 定冠词the的用法 * 表示特指的人、事物或概念。 * 用于序数词、最高级前以及形容词修饰的名词前。 * 用于表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前,如the rich(富人)、the poor(穷人)等。 2. 不定冠词a/an的用法 * 表示泛指的人、事物或概念中的一个。 * a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。 3. 零冠词的用法 * 在某些固定搭配、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词等前面不使用冠词。 * 注意区分零冠词与定冠词、不定冠词的使用场合。 复习建议 1. 系统梳理知识点:将名词和冠词的分类、用法、注意事项等知识点进行系统梳理,形成清晰的知识框架。 2. 大量练习:通过做练习题来巩固所学知识点,特别是针对易错点和难点进行重点练习。 3. 总结归纳:在练习过程中及时总结经验教训,归纳出解题技巧和规律。 4. 注重语境理解:在学习和复习过程中要注重结合具体语境来理解名词和冠词的用法和意义。 5. 利用资源辅助学习:可以利用教材、辅导书、在线课程等资源来辅助学习和复习。 通过以上方法和步骤可以有效地提高高中英语一轮复习中名词和冠词的掌握程度和应用能力。 考法精炼名词篇 1、 名词的所有格 一、单项选择 1.Look! Two ______are talking happily under the apple tree. A.man teacher B.man teachers C.men teacher D.men teachers 二、单词拼写 2.The government has issued clear g (指导方针) on the content of religious education. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 3.Three a (尝试) on the school 200-metre record also ended in failure. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 4.The m (华丽) of the building is beyond expression. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 5.Please write and tell me the p (手续) of applying for a visa. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 6.As witnesses to the accident, we were asked to make written d (声明) of what we had seen. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 7.The a made about the economy’s rate of growth proved to be incorrect. (根据首字母单词拼写) 三、翻译 8.尽管市场上饮料品种丰富,但我还是深深着迷于中国传统的茶文化。(although) (汉译英) 2、 名词的数 一、翻译 1.旅游目的地人潮涌动,这诠释了人们对美好生活的追求,也展现了繁荣的经济。(full) (汉译英) 二、完成句子 2.由于我们篮球俱乐部招收新成员,我写信邀请你加入。 in our basketball club, I’m writing to invite you to join it. 3.我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗,你应该先让长者用餐。(应用文之告知信) I am writing to inform you of . , you should let the elderly eat first. 4.如果你遇到了不认识的字,我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。 If you meet with the characters you don’t know, I strongly suggest that   or turn to others for help. 5.树林里很黑,似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。 It is dark in the woods. It seems as if . The more she thinks of this, the more frightened she is. 三、语法填空 6.Because it was a (demand) task, the manager demanded that we (work) extra hours to meet customers’ (demand). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7.I would like to express my (appreciate) to those who always give me timely help and encouragement when I’m trapped by the flood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8.The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in (ruin). (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.Thanks for your greeting and I’m more than willing to share with you my part­time job plan after my (graduate) to serve as an assistant gardener. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3、名词所有格 一、语法填空 1.The whistle went off and the (compete) began to take their places. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2.Assess its (strong) and weakness. Raise objections (异议) and listen carefully to their replies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3.It is (confuse) to learn that the confident man’s (behave) was annoying at the party yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4.At last, the confident girl who can speak English really (fluent) came up with a (solve) to the problem. 5.Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear (responsible) from a bird. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6.Thanks for your greeting and I’m more than willing to share with you my part­time job plan after my (graduate) to serve as an assistant gardener. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7.As far as I know, the problem is difficult . The team are working hard to analyze it so that they can find a good .(solve) (所给词的适当形式填空) 8.I would like to do some work in the exhibition. So I am writing this letter asking to be a . (voluntary) (所给词的适当形式填空) 9.We agree to find an place to relax ourselves. Xiamen is a good tourist . Apart from good restaurants, large numbers of visitors by its mild climate every year. (attract) (所给词的适当形式填空) 10.Mount Tai, located in the east of North China Plain and the middle of Shandong Province, is known to the world for its splendid scenery. Standing out from the Shandong Hills, it is of great (significant). (所给词的适当形式填空) 11.Now, most people reach for (keyboard) faster than they pick up pens. (所给词的适当形式填空) 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 参考答案: 1.competitors 【详解】考查名词。句意:哨声一响,选手们开始各就各位。根据句意以及空前的定冠词可知,空处为名词competitor“选手”,数量大于一,应用复数形式,作主语,故填competitors。 2.strength 【详解】考查名词。句意:评估它的优点和缺点。提出反对意见并仔细倾听他们的回答。作动词的宾语,应用名词strength,根据后文weakness可知用单数。故填strength。 3. confusing behaviour 【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意:得得知那个自信的男人昨天在聚会上的行为令人讨厌,真是令人困惑。第一个空需填入形容词作表语,需要的词义为“令人困惑的”,即confusing;第二个空需填入名词作主语,需要的词义为“行为”,即behaviour,不可数名词。故填①confusing;②behaviour。 4. fluently solution 【详解】考查副词和名词。句意:最后,那个英语说得很流利的自信女孩想出了一个解决问题的办法。空一修饰speak用副词形式fluently作状语,空二由不定冠词修饰,用单数名词solution作宾语,故填①fluently②solution。 5.responses 【详解】考查名词。句意:简单而相对无害的家用物品可以引起鸟的极度恐惧反应。空前是形容词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,和fear构成名词短语:fear response意为“恐惧反应”,此处response为可数名词,根据句意,用复数形式。故填responses。 6.graduation 【详解】考查名词。句意:谢谢你的问候,我非常愿意和你分享我毕业后的兼职计划,做一名助理园丁。结合空前的形容词性物主代词my可知,空处应填名词形式作after的宾语,graduation“毕业”,不可数名词,故填graduation。 7. to solve solution 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。句意:据我所知,这个问题很难解决。团队正在努力分析,以便找到一个好的解决方案。be+adj.+to do为固定结构,第一空需填动词不定式to solve,作主语补足语;不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词,第二空需填名词solution,作宾语。故填①to solve;②solution。 8. voluntary volunteer 【详解】考查形容词、名词。句意:我想在展会中做一些志愿工作。因此,我写信来申请成为一名志愿者。分析第一个空白处,第一个空白处在句子中作定语,使用形容词voluntary;分析第二个空白处,第二个空白处在句子中作表语指人,使用指人的名词volunteer,由空前不定冠词可知,应用名词单身形式。故填①voluntary;②volunteer。 9. attractive attraction are attracted 【详解】考查形容词、名词、时态语态。句意:我们同意找一个有吸引力的地方放松一下。厦门是一个很好的旅游胜地。除了好餐馆,每年都有大量的游客被它温和的气候所吸引。①处使用形容词attractive“有吸引力的”,作定语,修饰名词place。②处使用名词attraction“向往的地方,有吸引力的事”,结合空前的a可知,用单数形式,作表语。结合every year可知,句子用一般现在时,③处动词attract“吸引”与主语visitors为被动关系,句子用一般现在时的被动语态,主语为复数,be动词用are。故填①attractive②attraction③are attracted。 10.significance 【详解】考查名词。句意:泰山位于华北平原东部,山东省中部,以其壮丽的景色而闻名于世。从山东丘陵中脱颖而出,意义非凡。介词of后应用其名词significance(不可数)作宾语。故填significance。 11.keyboards 【详解】考查名词复数。现在,大多数人拿起键盘的速度比拿起笔的速度快。介词for后应用其名词作宾语,零冠词可数名词复数表泛指。故填keyboards。 考法精炼冠词篇 一、单项选择 1.(2015·重庆)I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask. A.the; / B.a; / C.the; a D.a; the 二、语法填空 语法填空 Red envelopes have played 2 important part in Chinese New Year for as long as anyone can remember. So what’s the story behind the red envelopes during Chinese New Year? One popular story 3 (date) back to the Qin Dynasty, when the elderly would thread coins onto a red string. This money 4 (call) yasui qian in Chinese, meaning “ money protecting oneself from evil spirits ” , and was believed to protect elder people from sickness and 5 (die). As the printing press became more common, the yasui qian was replaced 6 red envelopes. Another legend tells of a village 7 a demon (恶魔)would terrorize children at night. It was believed that the demon would touch the children’s heads while they were asleep, 8 (cause) serious illness. From there, a theory emerged that when they prayed, the god would send eight fairies to protect the child. The fairies would disguise(伪装) 9 (they) as eight coins and hide under the child’s pillow. When the demon got close, the coins would begin to shine very 10 (bright) , blinding the demon. Word began to spread and the villagers started giving red envelopes 11 (fill) with coins to each other to put under their pillows at night. As time passed, red envelopes became a way to bring good luck and prosperity to the receiver. 12.It’s a shame that many tourists are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. (用适当的词填空) 13. Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. (用适当的词填空) 14. It took us about 3 hours to go all way around the Xi’an City Wall. (用适当的词填空) 15.Unexpectedly,I'm face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears. (用适当的词填空) 16.Everybody wears same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways. (用适当的词填空) 17.Due to growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: (用适当的词填空) 18.The plum trees are   first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化). (用适当的词填空) 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 参考答案: 1.C 【详解】考查冠词。句意:我刚刚听说朵拉工作的那家银行被一个带面具的持枪人给抢劫。第一个空表示朵拉工作的那家银行,可知表示特指,用the;第二空表示一个带面具的持枪人表示泛指,用a;故选C。 2.an 3.dates 4.was called 5.death 6.with 7.where 8.causing 9.themselves 10.brightly 11.filled 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红包的来历。 2.考查冠词。part是可数名词单数形式,且important 的发音以元音音素开头,play an important part in... 意为“在……中发挥重要作用”。故填an。 3.考查时态。date back to意为“始于(某时期),追溯到……年代”,根据上下文可知,该短语常用一般现在时,没有被动语态和进行时。故填dates。 4.考查时态和语态。根据下文中的 “ and was believed o protect elder people ”可知,空处应用一般过去时;This money和call之间是被动关系,故用被动语态。故填was called。 5.考查名词。根据空前的名词sickness和and可知,death与名词sickness是并列的关系,应填名词形式。故填death。 6.考查介词。此处为“replace A with B ”结构的被动形式,意为“用B替换A”。故填with。 7.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词 a village,它是表示地点的名词,且定语从句中缺少地点状语,所以要且关系副词引导该从句,故填 where。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意:人们相信恶魔会在孩子们睡着的时候摸他们的头,结果引起严重的疾病。根据语境可知,此处是表示顺理成章的结果,应用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填causing。 9.考查代词。此处指仙女们把自己伪装成八个硬币。当主语和宾语是同一个人或物时,宾语要用其反身代词作宾语。故填themselves。 10.考查副词。根据空前的动词shine和very可知,此处应用副词brightly修饰动词shine。故填brightly。 11.考查非谓语动词。red envelopes与fill之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,意思是“被装满了硬币的信封”,所以应用动词-ed形式作后置定语。故填filled。 12.the 【详解】考查冠词。句意:遗憾的是,许多游客仍有在公共场所乱写的习惯。固定短语be in the habit of doing sth.意为“有做某事的习惯”。故填the。 13.The 【详解】考查冠词。句意:1856年,林肯一家将这栋房子扩大到整整两层,以满足他们日益壮大的家庭的需要。根据后文Lincolns可知,此处为“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人,故此处用定冠词the+Lincolns,表示“林肯一家”。句首字母大写,故填The。 14.the 【详解】考查冠词。句意:我们花了大约3个小时绕西安城墙走了一圈。all the way“一路上,一直,完全”是固定短语,故用定冠词the限定名词way。故填the。 15.the 【详解】考查冠词。句意:出乎意料的是,我和大猩猩面对面,它开始扯着嗓子尖叫。这让她的宝宝尖叫,然后一只400磅重的雄性大猩猩出现。根据句意及空格前后的名词top,可知此处考查固定短语at the top of(在……的顶端),此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。故填the。 16.the 【详解】考查定冠词。句意:每个人都穿同一款式的衣服。制服可以以意想不到的方式发挥作用。分析可知,“same”前需用定冠词“the”作限定词,“the same...”,意为“相同的……”。故填the。 17.the 【详解】考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。 18.the 【详解】考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,并且序数词first前要加定冠词the。根据句意,故填the。 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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第一章 01 名词和冠词 - 2025高三英语一轮高效精准复习备考
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第一章 01 名词和冠词 - 2025高三英语一轮高效精准复习备考
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第一章 01 名词和冠词 - 2025高三英语一轮高效精准复习备考
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