选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures（人与社会：人际关系与社会交往)-【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高二英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Bridging cultures（人教版2019） 人与社会：人际关系与社会交往 单元引言解读 I am not the same, having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world. —Mary Anne Radmacher 释义：When I see the moon on the other side of the world far away from my country, I find that my way of looking at things has changed. 启示：本单元的引言出自玛丽·安妮·拉德马赫，可译为：在世界的另一端看过月光闪耀，我就不会是同样的自己了。此引言用简单的语言阐述了一个人在接触另一种全新的文化后的心理触动，以及自己在深入体验这一文化后产生的深刻变化。这便是文化沟通与交流对个人的意义。 名言名句积累 人与社会：人际关系与社会交往 1．The outline of any culture may be a different picture in the eyes of different people. 任何一种文化的轮廓，在不同的人的眼里看来都可能是一幅不同的画面。 2．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 3．When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.第一次到旧金山的时候，我很难理解美国人的某些处事方式。 4．If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, you should follow the local culture and custom.如果你去习俗完全不同的地方旅游，你应该遵循当地的文化和风俗。 5．Considering the different cultures, values and levels of economic development between China and the Western countries, both sides should respect the diversity of their development paths. 考虑到中国和西方国家在文化、价值观和经济发展水平上的不同，双方都应该尊重彼此发展道路上的差异。 6. “No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.” – John Donne没有人是一座孤岛，可以自全；每个人都是大陆的一片，整体的一部分。 7.“Society is like a large piece of frozen water; and skating well is the great art of social life.” – William Hazlitt 社会就像一大块冰冻的水；而滑得好是社会生活的伟大艺术。 8.“The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.” – Confucius 国家的力量源于家庭的正直。 时文拓展阅读 European Parent Groups Aim to Ban Smartphones for Teens If parents say "no" when a child asks for a smartphone, the response they are likely to hear is, "Everyone has one. Why can't I?" But what would happen if the child's friends did not have a mobile phone either? That is the way that some parents in Europe are thinking. They are concerned by evidence that smartphone use among young children threatens their safety and mental health. They believe that the more parents join their movement, the more powerful their ideas become. Parents in Spain, Britain and Ireland are using social media groups on services like WhatsApp and Telegram to talk about their plans. They want to keep smartphones out of schools. But for their plan to work, other parents have to refuse to buy children the devices before — or even into — their teenage years. Elisabet García Permanyer got involved after she talked with another parent in a Barcelona park. Last year, she started a social media group to share information on the dangers of the internet with families at her children's school. The group, called "Adolescence Free of Mobile Phones," quickly grew and now includes over 10,000 members. The most involved parents are asking other parents to agree not to get their children smartphones until they are 16. "When I started this, I just hoped I would find four other families who thought like me, but it took off and kept growing, growing and growing," García Permanyer said. "My goal was to try to join forces with other parents so we could push back the point when smartphones arrive. I said, 'I am going to try so that my kids are not the only ones who don't have one.'" Spain Police and public health experts have also been voicing concerns about the kind of materials that children can see on their mobile devices. Spain's government took note of the problem and banned smartphones from elementary schools in January. Now they can only be turned on in secondary school, which starts at age 12, if a teacher deems it necessary for an educational activity. Britain In Britain last year, a 16-year-old girl named Brianna Ghey was killed by two teenagers. Her mother demanded that social media on smartphones be limited for children under 16. Mother Daisy Greenwell, who lives in the area of Suffolk, England, and a friend, Clare Reynolds, set up a social media group called Parents United for a Smartphone-Free Childhood. It grew quickly and an organizer said it now has groups in every British county. Ireland In Greystones, Ireland, eight primary school leaders, or principals, wrote to parents, asking them not to buy their students smartphones. Then the parents themselves voluntarily signed written agreements, promising not to let their young children have the devices. Thirty-eight-year-old Christina Capatina is a Greystones parent of two young daughters. She signed the agreement and said there were almost no smartphones in schools this school year. Unity is powerful Studies from Spain, Britain, and Ireland show that by the time children are 12, most have smartphones. In Spain, 25 percent of children have a cellphone by age 10, and almost 50 percent by age 11. At 12, this share rises to 75 percent. British media regulator Ofcom said 55 percent of children in Britain owned a smartphone between ages eight and 11, with the figure rising to 97 percent by age 12. Over recent years, organizations, governments, and parents have been reporting that smartphone use by children is linked to bullying, mental health problems and loss of the focus necessary for learning. China moved last year to limit children's use of smartphones. France has a ban on smartphones in schools for children aged six to 15. The possible dangers have produced school bans on smartphones and online safety laws. But those measures do not deal with what children do outside of school with mobile phones. Parents and schools that have pushed for changes in their communities saw that it became possible the moment they understood that they were not alone. Rachel Harper is principal of St. Patrick's National School in Greystones. Harper wants parents to work with their local school to organize phone bans. She said, "There's a bit more strength that way, in that all the parents in the area are talking about it." 【译文欣赏】 欧洲家长团体旨在禁止青少年使用智能手机 如果父母在孩子要求智能手机时说“不”，他们可能会听到的回应是，“每个人都有一部。为什么我不能？” 但是，如果孩子的朋友也没有手机，会发生什么？ 这就是欧洲一些家长的想法。 他们担心有证据表明，幼儿使用智能手机会威胁到他们的安全和心理健康。他们认为，父母加入他们的运动越多，他们的想法就越强大。 西班牙、英国和爱尔兰的父母正在使用WhatsApp和Telegram等服务上的社交媒体群来谈论他们的计划。他们想让智能手机远离学校。但为了使他们的计划奏效，其他父母不得不拒绝在孩子十几岁之前甚至十几岁之前为他们购买这些设备。 Elisabet García Permanyer在巴塞罗那公园与另一位家长交谈后参与其中。去年，她成立了一个社交媒体小组，与孩子学校的家人分享有关互联网危险的信息。 该组织名为“青少年无手机”，发展迅速，目前拥有10000多名成员。参与最多的父母要求其他父母同意在孩子16岁之前不要给他们买智能手机。 García Permanyer说：“当我开始做这件事时，我只是希望我能找到其他四个和我想法一样的家庭，但它起飞了，并不断发展壮大。”。“我的目标是尝试与其他家长合作，这样我们就可以在智能手机到来时推迟这一点。我说，‘我会努力让我的孩子不是唯一没有智能手机的人。’” 西班牙 警方和公共卫生专家也对儿童在移动设备上看到的材料类型表示担忧。西班牙政府注意到了这个问题，并于1月禁止小学使用智能手机。现在，只有在12岁开始的中学，如果老师认为有必要进行教育活动，才能打开它们。 英国 去年在英国，一名名叫Brianna Ghey的16岁女孩被两名青少年杀害。她的母亲要求限制16岁以下儿童使用智能手机上的社交媒体。 居住在英国萨福克郡的母亲Daisy Greenwell和朋友Clare Reynolds成立了一个名为“无智能手机童年父母联合会”的社交媒体小组。它发展迅速，一位组织者表示，它现在在英国每个县都有团体。 爱尔兰 在爱尔兰的格雷斯通，八名小学领导或校长写信给家长，要求他们不要给学生买智能手机。然后，父母自己自愿签署了书面协议，承诺不让年幼的孩子拥有这些设备。 38岁的Christina Capatina是Greystones的父母，育有两个年幼的女儿。她签署了协议，并表示本学年学校几乎没有智能手机。 团结是强大的 来自西班牙、英国和爱尔兰的研究表明，到12岁时，大多数孩子都有智能手机。在西班牙，25%的儿童在10岁时拥有手机，近50%的儿童在11岁时拥有。在12岁时，这一比例上升到75%。英国媒体监管机构Ofcom表示，英国55%的儿童在8至11岁之间拥有智能手机，到12岁时这一数字上升到97%。 近年来，组织、政府和家长一直在报告，儿童使用智能手机与欺凌、心理健康问题和失去学习所需的注意力有关。中国去年采取行动限制儿童使用智能手机。法国禁止6至15岁儿童在学校使用智能手机。 可能的危险已经导致学校禁止使用智能手机和网络安全法。但这些措施并不涉及孩子们在校外用手机做什么。那些推动社区变革的家长和学校看到，当他们意识到自己并不孤单时，这就成为可能。 Rachel Harper是格雷斯通圣帕特里克国立学校的校长。哈珀希望家长们与当地学校合作，组织电话禁令。她说：“这种方式更有力量，因为该地区的所有家长都在谈论这件事。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ban v. 禁止；取缔 2. threaten v. 威胁；危及 3. mental adj. 精神的；心理的 4. involve v. 包含；牵涉；使参与 5. device n. 装置；设备；仪器 6. note n. 笔记；记录；注释；便条 v. 注意；留意 7. deem v. 认为；视为；相信 8. demand v. 要求；需要 n. 要求；需求 9. voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；自发的 10. agreement n. 协议；同意；一致 11. unity n. 团结；联合；统一 12. report v. 报告；报道；公布 n. 报告；报道；成绩单 13. link v. 连接；联系；相关联 n. 联系；关系；链接 14. bully v. 欺负；恐吓 n. 仗势欺人者；横行霸道者 15. loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失 【知识拓展】 除了欧洲，其他地区也有类似的举措。例如，在中国，政府采取了措施限制儿童使用智能手机的时间和场景。在法国，对于 6 至 15 岁的儿童，学校禁止使用智能手机。这些举措的目的通常是为了保护青少年的身心健康，减少智能手机使用可能带来的负面影响，如影响学习注意力、导致心理健康问题或网络欺凌等。 【词汇延伸】 adolescence – n. the period of life when a child develops into an adult 青春期 take off – v. (phrasal) to quickly become very popular迅速走红;突然大受欢迎 push (something) back – v. (phrasal) to change (a planned event) to start at a later date or time推迟 bullying –n. the act of using threats and force to get others to do what you want them to do霸凌 focus – n. the ability to direct your attention or effort at something specific焦点；专注 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考真题）Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 1 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 2 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 3 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 4 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 5 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So, should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. ( ) ( You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是You’ll compete …, save …, experience …, and boost…，其中when引导时间状语从句。     翻译 ： ) ( accept  v. 接受；领受；相信 →  adj. 可接受的 →  adj. 不能接受地 minimal  adj. →    v. 使减到最少；小看；最小化 mindful  adj. 留心的；考虑到 →  adv. 注意地；谨慎地 create  v. 创造，创作，创建 →   adj. 有创造力的，创造性的 concentrate  v. 集中（注意力）；（使）聚集于 →  adj. 集中的；浓缩的 v. 相异，有区别 → different  adj. 不同的，有区别的，有差异的 tour  n. 旅行，旅游，观光 →   n. 旅游业，观光业 amaze  v. 使惊奇，使惊诧 →   adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 relative  adj.   相比较而言的，相对的 → adv. 相当地，相对地 ) 全文翻译 过度旅游是真的：你能帮上什么忙？ 旅行促进了理解，拓展了我们的思维，让我们成为更好的人，促进了当地经济和社区的发展，但旅行的快速增长导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游。那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？当然不是。在当今世界，失去旅行所提供的服务是不可接受的。以下是一些关于做出明智决定的建议，以最大限度地减少我们参观的地方的压力，改善我们的体验。 ·用心选择。过度访问的目的地之所以如此，是有原因的：它们很特别。有这么多网上帖子都是以相同的地方为特色的，很容易让人觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方。旅行是为了你而不是别人。 ·发挥创意。缓解过度旅游目的地压力的最好方法是去其他地方。尽管过度旅游被描述为一个影响整个世界的问题，但它实际上集中在少数极受欢迎的景点。这意味着你有很多访问量较小的选项可供选择。你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方。为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个受欢迎的目的地鲜为人知的景点呢？ ·非高峰时段参观。通过跳过主要节假日或高峰时段，最大限度地减少影响并最大限度地提高体验。在传统上旅游业发展缓慢的情况下，你将与更少的游客竞争，省钱，体验一个受欢迎的地方的另一面，并提振经济。 参观一个别人称之为家的地方是一种荣幸。尽自己的一份力量，首先保护一个目的地的特殊性。考虑回馈你所访问的社区。你可能会惊讶于你会觉得自己与那里的人更亲近了。 （二） （2024下·广东深圳·高二深圳外国语学校校联考阶段练习）Why Traveling Is Essential for Personal Growth There’s something about traveling that stirs up a sense of adventure within us all. It’s like a call to explore new places, meet new people, and create unforgettable memories. 6 . It’s also an essential tool for personal growth. Giving you confidence Traveling, especially for the first time, can be challenging. If you stay in the same place for a long time you become fearful of any change. 7 . But what if you take a risk and do it? You’ll definitely gain more confidence about traveling. The more challenges you come across during your travels, the stronger you become. Redefining your comfort zone It’s easy to get stuck in a routine and stay within your comfort zone. 8 . By actively seeking out new experiences, you’ll discover sides of yourself that you never knew existed and create unforgettable memories along the way. Taking risks and facing challenges While traveling, it’s not uncommon to encounter obstacles, but it’s all about how we overcome them and accept changes as part of the journey. 9 . This can be as simple as navigating (导航) a new city or as complicated as communicating with locals in a foreign language. 10 It can be easy to get caught up in busy daily life. When you travel, you’re forced to slow down and really enjoy each experience. You get to enjoy all the little moments that make life so special, like sunsets in a new city or quiet conversations with strangers. Traveling helps us appreciate the beauty of the world around us and be grateful for what we have right here, right now. A．Appreciating the present moment B．Connecting with different cultures C．Naturally, we appreciate what we have already accomplished D．But traveling isn’t just about having fun and taking pretty pictures E．We need to adapt and find creative solutions to unexpected situations F．As a result, new places, faces or routines don’t seem as profitable as they really are G．But pushing yourself outside of those boundaries can lead to rewarding experiences （三） （2024上·高二课后作业）International Travel International travel can be a fantastic way to see the world. However, even if you want your journeys to be as exciting as possible, you don’t expect any unhappy things to happen. 11 Health is the most important thing when you are planning to travel abroad. When you’re going to travel abroad, you may need to get special vaccines (疫苗) to protect you from diseases. If you’re going to any out­of­the­way areas, remember to bring the commonly used medicines with you. 12 So you don’t run out of them while you’re abroad. 13 For example, if you plan to drive on trips, find out how driving rules may differ. Some countries may have unusual rules or laws that you might break by mistake.So try to learn more about the countries you’re going to visit. Learn some local language. It’s important to learn something basic (基本的) like “Hello” “Thank you”, and “Where is the bathroom?”. 14 You can check the dictionary first and then ask people simple questions. Copy your travel documents (文件). All your travel documents should be copied. We live in a digital (数字的) world now. 15 You’d better have the digital copies handy. But make sure to protect your personal information. A．Good travel is the result of good planning. B．Basic rules and laws differ in many countries. C．It’s easy to get digital copies of these documents. D．Consider buying travel insurance before you travel. E．There are things you should know about international travel. F．If you can’t remember them, bring a small dictionary with you. G．If you take some medicine every day, make sure you pack enough. （四） （2024·浙江·模拟预测）A 2021 report from Habitat for Humanity International found that SDG 11.1 was actually regressing. We are seeing stagnation instead of progress toward the goal. Governments must prioritize adequate housing, especially for those struggling to survive in today’s overcrowded settlements. 16 Here are three steps that governments — and leaders in both the public and private sectors — can take to alleviate this growing housing crisis: 1. Prioritize land tenure (占有) security Ensure residents of informal settlements have secure rights to the land they inhabit. This has already happened on a large scale in countries such as Honduras, where civil society organizations and governments came together to form diverse commissions that developed policy recommendations around housing and land, negotiating approval of the recommendations and then monitoring their implementation. 17 . 2. 18 For residents of Freetown’s informal settlements and countless other cities, traditional avenues of housing finance are simply not accessible. 19 They exhibit similar characteristics to traditional mortgage loans, but their smaller size helps make them more accessible to families with lower incomes. 3. Strengthen climate-resilient housing 20 .The public and private sectors can work together to support and invest in community start-ups specializing in low-cost, climate-resilient homes and locally sourced building materials. For example, an NGO based in Sierra Leone, Home Leone, has over the past 5 years been developing affordable housing utilizing low-cost construction techniques, and providing facilities to meet the basic needs of communities and an integrated approach to housing development for low-income communities. We must act now to pave a stronger foundation for the more than 10 billion people expected to inhabit our cities by 2050. This starts with the urgent improvement of housing in rapidly expanding informal settlements worldwide. This long-overdue investment will more than pay for itself by building more prosperous and equitable communities for generations to come. A．Expand finance for housing B．Revolutionize mortgage loans C．Informal settlements are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change D．That means increasing financial commitments by an order of magnitude and making meaningful policy changes. E．But the situation has changed a lot. F．Through their technical assistance, more than 1 million people have improved access to their land rights G．Microloans offer hope by providing individuals with the means to access capital for housing improvements and upgrades. （五） （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary, expanding from a mere 300 lexemes by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding 1,000 by the age of four, remains a subject of profound enigma. Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this linguistic feat. However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions. An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data — previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables. These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than hitherto presumed. It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made, sophisticated linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words, posits Jessica Sullivan, an adjunct professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,” she articulates, as it presents corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation. The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities inherent to human cognition. Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing billions, if not trillions, of lexical permutations. In stark contrast, human beings manage with a significantly reduced informational intake, as articulated by the principal scribe of the study, Wai Keen Vong. With the appropriate genre of data, the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities. Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics. She remarks that AI research has the potential to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time. “We can harness these paradigms in a salutary manner, to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,” Portelance further elaborates. 21．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research? A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age. B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data. C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations. D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed. 22．What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect. 23．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5? A．Its limitations. B．Its strengths. C．Its uniqueness. D．Its process. 24．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive. （六） （23-24高二下·河南安阳·期末）Language gradually shifts over time. Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little deals with the forces of human cognitive（认知的）selection that fix certain words into the dictionary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. In an experiment much like a game of telephone, thousands of participants read English-language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others. Only certain words from the first stories survived in the final versions. Researchers analyzed the word types speakers consistently favored, theorizing that such preferences drive language change over time. The scientists also separately analyzed two large collections of English historical texts from the past two centuries, containing more than 40 billion words — again seeing only certain types survive. The results show three features that give words an “evolutionary（进化的）advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age (such as "hand" "uncle" or "today") are stabler. Next, concrete words remain better than abs tract ones: "dog" persists longer than "animal", which persists longer than "organism". Lastly, emotionally exciting words — whether negative or positive — tend to continue to exist. Early language-evolution models assumed that language becomes increasingly complex over time. But Indiana University Bloomington cognitive scientist Fritz Breithaupt says the new study supports a more recent theory that language finally gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, "the English language is not baby talk." Breithaupt explains: "We shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need." New words that address the complexity of modern life may somewhat balance out this shift. 25．What is the purpose of the new study? A．To find out why language gradually shifts over time. B．To present society is a key factor in language change. C．To identify how cognitive selection affects language change. D．To figure out what words are easily included in the dictionary. 26．What were the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Play games on the phone. B．Read stories to other participants. C．Rewrite what they read for others. D．Analyze the words they prefer to use. 27．Which words have the most evolutionary advantage according to the new study? A．Head, imagination and happy. B．Mouth, horse and disappointed. C．Insect, fortune and competition. D．Soccer, organism and adventure. 28．What is Fritz Breithaupt's attitude towards the new study? A．Tolerant. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. （七） 完形填空 （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Social workers have been making a positive impact in society. Ericka Santiago-Diaz, a school social worker at College Achieve Greater Asbury Park Charter School in New Jersey, knows that the 29 to student success is empowering them both in and out of school hours. That is why she 30 school supplies, technology equipment, food, and 31 clothing to students at their homes. Santiago-Diaz 32 in-person home visits on a daily basis, 33 families and students have what they need. At school, Santiago-Diaz works hard to ensure that students know her office is a 34 place to come, process their feelings, share their 35 , and even “break down.” Santiago-Diaz 36 students who are enrolled in school virtually by occasionally attending virtual class sessions. She then sends her 37 Google Meet link to students who seem like they could use some extra support. That way, she can meet with them individually. 38 counseling and resources, and help them 39 their day in a more productive and 40 way. Santiago-Diaz has office hours where students can come — either physically or 41 — and take a break from their day. “I provide that small 42 for them to just decompress (解压) if they need to,” Santiago-Diaz told The Hechinger Report. The same goes for the 43 . Santiago-Diaz says. “They know I’m here for them.” 29．A．solution B．entrance C．key D．response 30．A．introduces B．delivers C．lends D．shows 31．A．donated B．committed C．referred D．brought 32．A．accompanies B．improves C．organizes D．conducts 33．A．ensuring B．confirming C．fancying D．indicating 34．A．strict B．safe C．crazy D．quiet 35．A．opponents B．struggles C．limits D．advantages 36．A．stands by B．stands for C．checks on D．checks out 37．A．private B．public C．reliable D．extra 38．A．select B．create C．transfer D．provide 39．A．take hold of B．make up for C．get on with D．put up with 40．A．specific B．silent C．temporary D．supported 41．A．accidentally B．relatively C．virtually D．individually 42．A．space B．tool C．lesson D．toy 43．A．communities B．neighbors C．locals D．parents （八） 语法填空 （23-24高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the age of 10, I was once asked to deliver a speech 44 (title) “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class! Just imagine how 45 (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me. I had only one 46 (choose), though. First, I was to draft the speech and that was just a piece of cake for me, because I was 47 good writer. But the hard part lay in my oral presentation. To read from the paper was not allowed. I had to recite in front of such a big audience! A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs 48 (tremble) and my mind blank. I didn’t know how much time 49 (pass) by. My listeners were still waiting patiently and 50 any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, giving out my speech with 51 (difficult). Finally I finished. After it seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding. I made 52 ! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared. Actually I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our inner fear. Overcome it, 53 we will be able to achieve our goals. 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——写作项目——Express your opinions on studying abroad 本单元的写作项目是写一篇文章表述关于出国学习的观点，属于正反观点类议论文。正反观点类议论文一般会给出两个或两个以上的对立观点，要求发表自己的看法或见解。议论文的结构一般有引论、本论和结论三部分。引论用来提出论点，即开门见山地描述现象或表明立场；本论进一步论证阐述论点；结论用来表达自己的观点或提出解决问题的办法。可以利用列提纲思维导图来构思，请选择一篇你感兴趣的议论文阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）某英文报向广大中学生征稿，主题是关于中学生要不要参加社会实践。刚好你们班就这一话题进行了讨论，请你就此结果写一篇英语短文投稿，客观地介绍情况并谈谈自己的观点和理由。 正方 反方 你 1. 有助于了解社会，获得经验； 2. 有助于培养能力，学以致用。 1. 太年轻，不能很好地适应社会； 2. 浪费时间、精力，影响学业。 观点和理由 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $$选择性必修第二册Unit 2 Bridging cultures（人教版2019） 人与社会：人际关系与社会交往 单元引言解读 I am not the same, having seen the moon shine on the other side of the world. —Mary Anne Radmacher 释义：When I see the moon on the other side of the world far away from my country, I find that my way of looking at things has changed. 启示：本单元的引言出自玛丽·安妮·拉德马赫，可译为：在世界的另一端看过月光闪耀，我就不会是同样的自己了。此引言用简单的语言阐述了一个人在接触另一种全新的文化后的心理触动，以及自己在深入体验这一文化后产生的深刻变化。这便是文化沟通与交流对个人的意义。 名言名句积累 人与社会：人际关系与社会交往 1．The outline of any culture may be a different picture in the eyes of different people. 任何一种文化的轮廓，在不同的人的眼里看来都可能是一幅不同的画面。 2．When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 3．When I first arrived in San Francisco, I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.第一次到旧金山的时候，我很难理解美国人的某些处事方式。 4．If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, you should follow the local culture and custom.如果你去习俗完全不同的地方旅游，你应该遵循当地的文化和风俗。 5．Considering the different cultures, values and levels of economic development between China and the Western countries, both sides should respect the diversity of their development paths. 考虑到中国和西方国家在文化、价值观和经济发展水平上的不同，双方都应该尊重彼此发展道路上的差异。 6. “No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.” – John Donne没有人是一座孤岛，可以自全；每个人都是大陆的一片，整体的一部分。 7.“Society is like a large piece of frozen water; and skating well is the great art of social life.” – William Hazlitt 社会就像一大块冰冻的水；而滑得好是社会生活的伟大艺术。 8.“The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.” – Confucius 国家的力量源于家庭的正直。 时文拓展阅读 European Parent Groups Aim to Ban Smartphones for Teens If parents say "no" when a child asks for a smartphone, the response they are likely to hear is, "Everyone has one. Why can't I?" But what would happen if the child's friends did not have a mobile phone either? That is the way that some parents in Europe are thinking. They are concerned by evidence that smartphone use among young children threatens their safety and mental health. They believe that the more parents join their movement, the more powerful their ideas become. Parents in Spain, Britain and Ireland are using social media groups on services like WhatsApp and Telegram to talk about their plans. They want to keep smartphones out of schools. But for their plan to work, other parents have to refuse to buy children the devices before — or even into — their teenage years. Elisabet García Permanyer got involved after she talked with another parent in a Barcelona park. Last year, she started a social media group to share information on the dangers of the internet with families at her children's school. The group, called "Adolescence Free of Mobile Phones," quickly grew and now includes over 10,000 members. The most involved parents are asking other parents to agree not to get their children smartphones until they are 16. "When I started this, I just hoped I would find four other families who thought like me, but it took off and kept growing, growing and growing," García Permanyer said. "My goal was to try to join forces with other parents so we could push back the point when smartphones arrive. I said, 'I am going to try so that my kids are not the only ones who don't have one.'" Spain Police and public health experts have also been voicing concerns about the kind of materials that children can see on their mobile devices. Spain's government took note of the problem and banned smartphones from elementary schools in January. Now they can only be turned on in secondary school, which starts at age 12, if a teacher deems it necessary for an educational activity. Britain In Britain last year, a 16-year-old girl named Brianna Ghey was killed by two teenagers. Her mother demanded that social media on smartphones be limited for children under 16. Mother Daisy Greenwell, who lives in the area of Suffolk, England, and a friend, Clare Reynolds, set up a social media group called Parents United for a Smartphone-Free Childhood. It grew quickly and an organizer said it now has groups in every British county. Ireland In Greystones, Ireland, eight primary school leaders, or principals, wrote to parents, asking them not to buy their students smartphones. Then the parents themselves voluntarily signed written agreements, promising not to let their young children have the devices. Thirty-eight-year-old Christina Capatina is a Greystones parent of two young daughters. She signed the agreement and said there were almost no smartphones in schools this school year. Unity is powerful Studies from Spain, Britain, and Ireland show that by the time children are 12, most have smartphones. In Spain, 25 percent of children have a cellphone by age 10, and almost 50 percent by age 11. At 12, this share rises to 75 percent. British media regulator Ofcom said 55 percent of children in Britain owned a smartphone between ages eight and 11, with the figure rising to 97 percent by age 12. Over recent years, organizations, governments, and parents have been reporting that smartphone use by children is linked to bullying, mental health problems and loss of the focus necessary for learning. China moved last year to limit children's use of smartphones. France has a ban on smartphones in schools for children aged six to 15. The possible dangers have produced school bans on smartphones and online safety laws. But those measures do not deal with what children do outside of school with mobile phones. Parents and schools that have pushed for changes in their communities saw that it became possible the moment they understood that they were not alone. Rachel Harper is principal of St. Patrick's National School in Greystones. Harper wants parents to work with their local school to organize phone bans. She said, "There's a bit more strength that way, in that all the parents in the area are talking about it." 【译文欣赏】 欧洲家长团体旨在禁止青少年使用智能手机 如果父母在孩子要求智能手机时说“不”，他们可能会听到的回应是，“每个人都有一部。为什么我不能？” 但是，如果孩子的朋友也没有手机，会发生什么？ 这就是欧洲一些家长的想法。 他们担心有证据表明，幼儿使用智能手机会威胁到他们的安全和心理健康。他们认为，父母加入他们的运动越多，他们的想法就越强大。 西班牙、英国和爱尔兰的父母正在使用WhatsApp和Telegram等服务上的社交媒体群来谈论他们的计划。他们想让智能手机远离学校。但为了使他们的计划奏效，其他父母不得不拒绝在孩子十几岁之前甚至十几岁之前为他们购买这些设备。 Elisabet García Permanyer在巴塞罗那公园与另一位家长交谈后参与其中。去年，她成立了一个社交媒体小组，与孩子学校的家人分享有关互联网危险的信息。 该组织名为“青少年无手机”，发展迅速，目前拥有10000多名成员。参与最多的父母要求其他父母同意在孩子16岁之前不要给他们买智能手机。 García Permanyer说：“当我开始做这件事时，我只是希望我能找到其他四个和我想法一样的家庭，但它起飞了，并不断发展壮大。”。“我的目标是尝试与其他家长合作，这样我们就可以在智能手机到来时推迟这一点。我说，‘我会努力让我的孩子不是唯一没有智能手机的人。’” 西班牙 警方和公共卫生专家也对儿童在移动设备上看到的材料类型表示担忧。西班牙政府注意到了这个问题，并于1月禁止小学使用智能手机。现在，只有在12岁开始的中学，如果老师认为有必要进行教育活动，才能打开它们。 英国 去年在英国，一名名叫Brianna Ghey的16岁女孩被两名青少年杀害。她的母亲要求限制16岁以下儿童使用智能手机上的社交媒体。 居住在英国萨福克郡的母亲Daisy Greenwell和朋友Clare Reynolds成立了一个名为“无智能手机童年父母联合会”的社交媒体小组。它发展迅速，一位组织者表示，它现在在英国每个县都有团体。 爱尔兰 在爱尔兰的格雷斯通，八名小学领导或校长写信给家长，要求他们不要给学生买智能手机。然后，父母自己自愿签署了书面协议，承诺不让年幼的孩子拥有这些设备。 38岁的Christina Capatina是Greystones的父母，育有两个年幼的女儿。她签署了协议，并表示本学年学校几乎没有智能手机。 团结是强大的 来自西班牙、英国和爱尔兰的研究表明，到12岁时，大多数孩子都有智能手机。在西班牙，25%的儿童在10岁时拥有手机，近50%的儿童在11岁时拥有。在12岁时，这一比例上升到75%。英国媒体监管机构Ofcom表示，英国55%的儿童在8至11岁之间拥有智能手机，到12岁时这一数字上升到97%。 近年来，组织、政府和家长一直在报告，儿童使用智能手机与欺凌、心理健康问题和失去学习所需的注意力有关。中国去年采取行动限制儿童使用智能手机。法国禁止6至15岁儿童在学校使用智能手机。 可能的危险已经导致学校禁止使用智能手机和网络安全法。但这些措施并不涉及孩子们在校外用手机做什么。那些推动社区变革的家长和学校看到，当他们意识到自己并不孤单时，这就成为可能。 Rachel Harper是格雷斯通圣帕特里克国立学校的校长。哈珀希望家长们与当地学校合作，组织电话禁令。她说：“这种方式更有力量，因为该地区的所有家长都在谈论这件事。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ban v. 禁止；取缔 2. threaten v. 威胁；危及 3. mental adj. 精神的；心理的 4. involve v. 包含；牵涉；使参与 5. device n. 装置；设备；仪器 6. note n. 笔记；记录；注释；便条 v. 注意；留意 7. deem v. 认为；视为；相信 8. demand v. 要求；需要 n. 要求；需求 9. voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；自发的 10. agreement n. 协议；同意；一致 11. unity n. 团结；联合；统一 12. report v. 报告；报道；公布 n. 报告；报道；成绩单 13. link v. 连接；联系；相关联 n. 联系；关系；链接 14. bully v. 欺负；恐吓 n. 仗势欺人者；横行霸道者 15. loss n. 丧失；损失；丢失 【知识拓展】 除了欧洲，其他地区也有类似的举措。例如，在中国，政府采取了措施限制儿童使用智能手机的时间和场景。在法国，对于 6 至 15 岁的儿童，学校禁止使用智能手机。这些举措的目的通常是为了保护青少年的身心健康，减少智能手机使用可能带来的负面影响，如影响学习注意力、导致心理健康问题或网络欺凌等。 【词汇延伸】 adolescence – n. the period of life when a child develops into an adult 青春期 take off – v. (phrasal) to quickly become very popular迅速走红;突然大受欢迎 push (something) back – v. (phrasal) to change (a planned event) to start at a later date or time推迟 bullying –n. the act of using threats and force to get others to do what you want them to do霸凌 focus – n. the ability to direct your attention or effort at something specific焦点；专注 综合实战演练 （一） （2024·全国·高考真题）Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 1 Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 2 ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. 3 Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ● 4 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 5 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So, should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．G 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 1．前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions  and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 2．前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 3．前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。 4．空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 5．前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 ( ) ( You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是You’ll compete …, save …, experience …, and boost…，其中when引导时间状语从句。     翻译：你将与更少的游客竞争，节省开支，体验热门景点的另一面，并在传统的旅游淡季促进经济发展。 ) ( accept  v. 接受；领受；相信 → acceptable  adj. 可接受的 → unacceptable  adj. 不能接受地 minimal  adj. 最低的；最小限度的 →  minimize/minimise  v. 使减到最少；小看；最小化 mindful  adj. 留心的；考虑到 → mindfully  adv. 注意地；谨慎地 create  v. 创造，创作，创建 → creative  adj. 有创造力的，创造性的 concentrate  v. 集中（注意力）；（使）聚集于 → concentrated  adj. 集中的；浓缩的 differ  v. 相异，有区别 → different  adj. 不同的，有区别的，有差异的 tour  n. 旅行，旅游，观光 → tourism  n. 旅游业，观光业 amaze  v. 使惊奇，使惊诧 → amazed  adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 relative  adj.   相比较而言的，相对的 → relatively  adv. 相当地，相对地 ) 全文翻译 过度旅游是真的：你能帮上什么忙？ 旅行促进了理解，拓展了我们的思维，让我们成为更好的人，促进了当地经济和社区的发展，但旅行的快速增长导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游。那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？当然不是。在当今世界，失去旅行所提供的服务是不可接受的。以下是一些关于做出明智决定的建议，以最大限度地减少我们参观的地方的压力，改善我们的体验。 ·用心选择。过度访问的目的地之所以如此，是有原因的：它们很特别。有这么多网上帖子都是以相同的地方为特色的，很容易让人觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方。旅行是为了你而不是别人。 ·发挥创意。缓解过度旅游目的地压力的最好方法是去其他地方。尽管过度旅游被描述为一个影响整个世界的问题，但它实际上集中在少数极受欢迎的景点。这意味着你有很多访问量较小的选项可供选择。你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方。为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个受欢迎的目的地鲜为人知的景点呢？ ·非高峰时段参观。通过跳过主要节假日或高峰时段，最大限度地减少影响并最大限度地提高体验。在传统上旅游业发展缓慢的情况下，你将与更少的游客竞争，省钱，体验一个受欢迎的地方的另一面，并提振经济。 参观一个别人称之为家的地方是一种荣幸。尽自己的一份力量，首先保护一个目的地的特殊性。考虑回馈你所访问的社区。你可能会惊讶于你会觉得自己与那里的人更亲近了。 （二） （2024下·广东深圳·高二深圳外国语学校校联考阶段练习）Why Traveling Is Essential for Personal Growth There’s something about traveling that stirs up a sense of adventure within us all. It’s like a call to explore new places, meet new people, and create unforgettable memories. 6 . It’s also an essential tool for personal growth. Giving you confidence Traveling, especially for the first time, can be challenging. If you stay in the same place for a long time you become fearful of any change. 7 . But what if you take a risk and do it? You’ll definitely gain more confidence about traveling. The more challenges you come across during your travels, the stronger you become. Redefining your comfort zone It’s easy to get stuck in a routine and stay within your comfort zone. 8 . By actively seeking out new experiences, you’ll discover sides of yourself that you never knew existed and create unforgettable memories along the way. Taking risks and facing challenges While traveling, it’s not uncommon to encounter obstacles, but it’s all about how we overcome them and accept changes as part of the journey. 9 . This can be as simple as navigating (导航) a new city or as complicated as communicating with locals in a foreign language. 10 It can be easy to get caught up in busy daily life. When you travel, you’re forced to slow down and really enjoy each experience. You get to enjoy all the little moments that make life so special, like sunsets in a new city or quiet conversations with strangers. Traveling helps us appreciate the beauty of the world around us and be grateful for what we have right here, right now. A．Appreciating the present moment B．Connecting with different cultures C．Naturally, we appreciate what we have already accomplished D．But traveling isn’t just about having fun and taking pretty pictures E．We need to adapt and find creative solutions to unexpected situations F．As a result, new places, faces or routines don’t seem as profitable as they really are G．But pushing yourself outside of those boundaries can lead to rewarding experiences 【答案】6．D 7．F 8．G 9．E 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为什么旅行对个人成长至关重要。 6．根据下文“It’s also an essential tool for personal growth. (它也是个人成长的重要工具)”可知，这里利用also说明旅行的另一个好处，所以上文也应该是介绍旅行的好处。选项D“但旅行不仅仅是为了好玩和拍漂亮的照片”和下文意思一致。故选D。 7．根据上文“Traveling, especially for the first time, can be challenging. If you stay in the same place for a long time you become fearful of any change. (旅行，尤其是第一次旅行，可能很有挑战性。如果你长时间呆在同一个地方，你会害怕任何变化)”可知，人们在一个地方呆的时间越长就越不愿意接触新的人和事物。选项F“因此，新的地方、面孔或惯例似乎并不像实际情况那样有利可图”和上文意思一致。故选F。 8．根据上文“It’s easy to get stuck in a routine and stay within your comfort zone. (你很容易陷入日常生活，呆在自己的舒适区内)”和下文“By actively seeking out new experiences, you’ll discover sides of yourself that you never knew existed and create unforgettable memories along the way. (通过积极寻找新的体验，你会发现自己从未有过的一面，并在这一过程中留下难忘的回忆)”可知，这里建议人们走出舒适区。选项G“但把自己推到这些界限之外会带来有益的体验”和上下文意思一致。故选G。 9．根据上文“While traveling, it’s not uncommon to encounter obstacles, but it’s all about how we overcome them and accept changes as part of the journey. (在旅行中，遇到障碍并不罕见，但这一切都是关于我们如何克服障碍，并将改变作为旅程的一部分)”可知，旅行过程中会有意外，所以要想办法解决。选项E“我们需要适应并找到创造性的解决方案来应对意外情况”和上文意思一致。故选E。 10．根据下文“It can be easy to get caught up in busy daily life. When you travel, you’re forced to slow down and really enjoy each experience. You get to enjoy all the little moments that make life so special, like sunsets in a new city or quiet conversations with strangers. Traveling helps us appreciate the beauty of the world around us and be grateful for what we have right here, right now. (人们很容易陷入繁忙的日常生活中。当你旅行时，你不得不放慢速度，真正享受每一次体验。你可以享受所有让生活如此特别的小时刻，比如在新城市的日落，或者与陌生人的安静交谈。旅行有助于我们欣赏周围世界的美丽，并感激我们现在在这里所拥有的一切)”可知，这一段建议人们要珍惜旅行中的每一个时刻。选项A“珍惜当下”和下文意思一致。故选A。 （三） （2024上·高二课后作业）International Travel International travel can be a fantastic way to see the world. However, even if you want your journeys to be as exciting as possible, you don’t expect any unhappy things to happen. 11 Health is the most important thing when you are planning to travel abroad. When you’re going to travel abroad, you may need to get special vaccines (疫苗) to protect you from diseases. If you’re going to any out­of­the­way areas, remember to bring the commonly used medicines with you. 12 So you don’t run out of them while you’re abroad. 13 For example, if you plan to drive on trips, find out how driving rules may differ. Some countries may have unusual rules or laws that you might break by mistake.So try to learn more about the countries you’re going to visit. Learn some local language. It’s important to learn something basic (基本的) like “Hello” “Thank you”, and “Where is the bathroom?”. 14 You can check the dictionary first and then ask people simple questions. Copy your travel documents (文件). All your travel documents should be copied. We live in a digital (数字的) world now. 15 You’d better have the digital copies handy. But make sure to protect your personal information. A．Good travel is the result of good planning. B．Basic rules and laws differ in many countries. C．It’s easy to get digital copies of these documents. D．Consider buying travel insurance before you travel. E．There are things you should know about international travel. F．If you can’t remember them, bring a small dictionary with you. G．If you take some medicine every day, make sure you pack enough. 【答案】11．E 12．G 13．B 14．F 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了国际旅游的注意事项。 11．根据空前“International travel can be a fantastic way to see the world. However，even if you want your journeys to be as exciting as possible, you don’t expect any unhappy things to happen. (国际旅行是看世界的好方法。然而，即使你希望你的旅行尽可能令人兴奋，你也不希望有任何不愉快的事情发生。)”可知，文章总体为总分结构，首段说明国际旅游需要注意很多事情，结合下文从健康、法律法规、语言和文件等方面具体进行了说明，E项“There are things you should know about international travel. (关于国际旅行你应该了解的一些事情)”起到承上启下的作用。故选E。 12．根据本段的首句“Health is the most important thing when you are planning to travel abroad. (当您计划出国旅行时，健康是最重要的。)”可知，本段介绍进行国际旅游时，健康是最重要的事。G项“If you take some medicine every day, make sure you pack enough. (如果您每天服用一些药物，请确保携带足够的药物。)”符合语境。故选G。 13．根据空后“For example, if you plan to drive on trips, find out how driving rules may differ. (例如，如果您计划开车去旅行，请了解驾驶规则有何不同。)”以及本段的rules和laws可知，本段说不同国家基本的法律法规可能不同。B项“Basic rules and laws differ in many countries. (许多国家的基本规则和法律有所不同。)”符合语境。故选B。 14．根据空前“Learn some local language. It’s important to learn something basic (基本的) like “Hello” “Thank you”，and “Where is the bathroom?”. (学习一些诸如‘你好’‘谢谢’和‘洗手间在哪里?’等基本的表达很重要。)”及下一句“You can check the dictionary first and then ask people simple questions. (你可以先查字典，然后问人简单的问题。)”说明了如果记不住这些表达，可以随身携带一本词典，这样就能通过查阅词典询问一些问题。F项“If you can’t remember them，bring a small dictionary with you. (如果你记不住它们，请带一本小字典。)”符合语境。故选F。 15．根据空前“We live in a digital (数字的) world now. (我们如今生活在一个数字化的世界)”，数字化意味着我们很容易得到这些文件的电子版。C项“It’s easy to get digital copies of these documents. (我们很容易得到这些文件的电子版。)”符合语境。故选C。 （四） （2024·浙江·模拟预测）A 2021 report from Habitat for Humanity International found that SDG 11.1 was actually regressing. We are seeing stagnation instead of progress toward the goal. Governments must prioritize adequate housing, especially for those struggling to survive in today’s overcrowded settlements. 16 Here are three steps that governments — and leaders in both the public and private sectors — can take to alleviate this growing housing crisis: 1. Prioritize land tenure (占有) security Ensure residents of informal settlements have secure rights to the land they inhabit. This has already happened on a large scale in countries such as Honduras, where civil society organizations and governments came together to form diverse commissions that developed policy recommendations around housing and land, negotiating approval of the recommendations and then monitoring their implementation. 17 . 2. 18 For residents of Freetown’s informal settlements and countless other cities, traditional avenues of housing finance are simply not accessible. 19 They exhibit similar characteristics to traditional mortgage loans, but their smaller size helps make them more accessible to families with lower incomes. 3. Strengthen climate-resilient housing 20 .The public and private sectors can work together to support and invest in community start-ups specializing in low-cost, climate-resilient homes and locally sourced building materials. For example, an NGO based in Sierra Leone, Home Leone, has over the past 5 years been developing affordable housing utilizing low-cost construction techniques, and providing facilities to meet the basic needs of communities and an integrated approach to housing development for low-income communities. We must act now to pave a stronger foundation for the more than 10 billion people expected to inhabit our cities by 2050. This starts with the urgent improvement of housing in rapidly expanding informal settlements worldwide. This long-overdue investment will more than pay for itself by building more prosperous and equitable communities for generations to come. A．Expand finance for housing B．Revolutionize mortgage loans C．Informal settlements are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change D．That means increasing financial commitments by an order of magnitude and making meaningful policy changes. E．But the situation has changed a lot. F．Through their technical assistance, more than 1 million people have improved access to their land rights G．Microloans offer hope by providing individuals with the means to access capital for housing improvements and upgrades. 【答案】16．D 17．F 18．A 19．G 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。国际人居中心2021年的一份报告发现，可持续发展目标11.1实际上正在倒退。我们看到的是停滞不前，而不是朝着目标前进。本文针对这一问题提出了几个建议。 16．根据上文“Governments must prioritize adequate housing, especially for those struggling to survive in today’s overcrowded settlements.(各国政府必须优先考虑足够的住房，尤其是为那些在当今拥挤的定居点中挣扎求生的人提供足够的住房。)”可知此处上下文说的是政府要提供足够的住房。增加住房就意味着更多的财政投入，可推理出下文说的是与财政投入的增加有关的话题，与D项“That means increasing financial commitments by an order of magnitude and making meaningful policy changes.(这意味着将财政承诺增加一个数量级，并做出有意义的政策改变)”表达的含义一致，故选D项。 17．根据上文“Ensure residents of informal settlements have secure rights to the land they inhabit.(确保非正规住区的居民对其居住的土地享有安全的权利。)”可知此处上下文说的是与保障居民所居住的土地安全有关的话题，与F项“Through their technical assistance, more than 1 million people have improved access to their land rights(通过技术援助，100多万人改善了获得土地权利的机会)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。 18．根据下文“For residents of Freetown’s informal settlements and countless other cities, traditional avenues of housing finance are simply not accessible.(对于弗里敦非正规定居点和无数其他城市的居民来说，传统的住房融资渠道根本无法获得。)”可知下文提出了一个需要解决的问题，可推理出下文对这一问题给与扩大住房融资有关的建议，与A项“Expand finance for housing(扩大住房融资)”表达的含义一致，故选A项。 19．根据下文“They exhibit similar characteristics to traditional mortgage loans, but their smaller size helps make them more accessible to families with lower incomes.(它们表现出与传统抵押贷款相似的特征，但较小的规模有助于低收入家庭更容易获得这些贷款。)”可知此处上下文说的是与小额贷款有助于解决问题有关的话题，与G项“Microloans offer hope by providing individuals with the means to access capital for housing improvements and upgrades.(小额贷款为个人提供了获得住房改善和升级资金的途径，从而带来了希望。)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。 20．根据下文“The public and private sectors can work together to support and invest in community start-ups specializing in low-cost, climate-resilient homes and locally sourced building materials.(公共和私营部门可以合作，支持和投资社区初创企业，专门从事低成本、气候适应性强的住房和当地采购的建筑材料。)”可推理出上文解释了为什么要支持从事气候适应性强的住房的初创企业，与C项“Informal settlements are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change(非正规住区极易受到气候变化的影响)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。 （五） （23-24高二下·广东深圳·期末）The prodigious ability of our species to rapidly assimilate vocabulary, expanding from a mere 300 lexemes by the tender age of two to an impressive repertoire exceeding 1,000 by the age of four, remains a subject of profound enigma. Certain scholars in the realms of cognitive science and linguistics have posited that the human mind enters the world equipped with innate cognitive predispositions and logical parameters that facilitate this linguistic feat. However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions. An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data — previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables. These revelations intimate that the process of linguistic acquisition may be more straightforward than hitherto presumed. It is conceivable that the juvenile mind does not necessitate a tailor-made, sophisticated linguistic apparatus to adeptly apprehend the essence of words, posits Jessica Sullivan, an adjunct professor of psychology at Skidmore College. “This is an exceptionally elegant inquiry,” she articulates, as it presents corroborative evidence that rudimentary data extracted from a child’s perspective is sufficiently abundant to initiate the processes of pattern recognition and lexical assimilation. The recent scholarly endeavor also illustrates the plausibility of machines emulating the learning modalities inherent to human cognition. Vast linguistic models are typically nurtured on colossal datasets encompassing billions, if not trillions, of lexical permutations. In stark contrast, human beings manage with a significantly reduced informational intake, as articulated by the principal scribe of the study, Wai Keen Vong. With the appropriate genre of data, the chasm separating machine and human learning could be substantially bridged. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities. Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics. She remarks that AI research has the potential to shed light on enigmatic queries about our essence that have persisted over time. “We can harness these paradigms in a salutary manner, to the advantage of scientific discovery and societal progress,” Portelance further elaborates. 21．What is a significant finding of machine-learning research? A．Vocabulary increases gradually with age. B．Vocabulary can be acquired from minimal data. C．Language acquisition is tied to built-in expectations. D．Language acquisition is as complex as formerly assumed. 22．What does the underlined word “prompt” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Facilitate. B．Persuade. C．Advise. D．Expect. 23．What is discussed about the new research in paragraph 5? A．Its limitations. B．Its strengths. C．Its uniqueness. D．Its process. 24．What is Eva Portelance’s attitude to the AI research? A．Doubtful. B．Cautious. C．Dismissive. D．Positive. 【答案】21．B 22．A 23．A 24．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们人类拥有惊人的词汇量，能够快速吸收词汇，从两岁时的 300 个词汇量，到四岁时词汇量超过 1000 个，这仍然是一个谜。然而，研究表明语言习得过程可能比迄今为止所认为的更为简单。研究表明，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。文章主要介绍了机器学习人类语言的优点及其缺陷。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, recent advancements in the sphere of machine learning have unveiled the potential for swift acquisition of semantic understanding from sparse data, eschewing the need for preconceived, hardwired assumptions.(然而，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，避免了对先入为主的、僵化的假设的需求。)”和第二段中“An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data—previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. (一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是 2013 年和 2014 年期间从一个名叫 Sam 的人那里收集的。)”可知，机器学习领域的最新进展揭示了从少量的数据中快速获取语义理解的潜力，且一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据，由此可知，机器学习领可以从最少的数据中获取词汇。故选B。 22．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“An ensemble of researchers has triumphantly honed a rudimentary artificial intelligence construct to correlate visual representations with their corresponding lexical entities, utilizing a mere 61 hours of ambient visual recordings and auditory data—previously amassed from an individual known as Sam during the years 2013 and 2014. (一组研究人员成功地完善了一个基本的人工智能结构，将视觉表征与相应的词汇实体关联起来，只利用了 61 小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据——这些数据是 2013 年和 2014 年期间从一个名叫 Sam 的人那里收集的。)”和划线单词所在句子“Though this represents but a minuscule fraction of a child’s developmental chronicle, it transpires that this was sufficiently informative to prompt the AI in discerning the significance of select vocables.(虽然这只代表了儿童成长历程的一小部分，但事实证明，这足以prompt人工智能辨别出特定词汇的重要性)”可知，研究人员通过观察一个名为Sam的个体在2013年和2014年收集的61小时的环境视觉记录和听觉数据，足以促使AI辨别出特定词汇的意义，由此可知，划线单词意为“促使”，故选A。 23．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted in select dimensions of this pioneering research. The savants concede that their findings do not conclusively elucidate the mechanisms by which children amass vocabulary. Additionally, the study’s purview was confined to the identification of nouns pertaining to tangible entities.(尽管如此，这项开创性研究的某些方面仍需要进一步研究。这些学者承认，他们的研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制。此外，这项研究的范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词)”可知，第五段主要讨论了新研究的局限性，包括研究范围仅限于识别与有形实体有关的名词，以及研究结果并不能最终阐明儿童积累词汇量的机制，故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite these limitations, this represents a stride toward a more profound comprehension of our own cognitive faculties, which may ultimately contribute to the enhancement of human pedagogical practices, according to Eva Portelance, a scholar in computational linguistics.(计算语言学学者伊娃·波特兰斯 (Eva Portelance) 表示，尽管存在这些局限性，但这代表着我们朝着更深刻地理解自身认知能力迈出了一步，最终可能有助于提高人类的教学实践。)”可知，Eva Portelance认为AI研究有助于我们更深刻地理解自身认知能力，并可能有助于提高人类的教学实践，由此可推知，她对AI研究的态度是积极的，故选D。 （六） （23-24高二下·河南安阳·期末）Language gradually shifts over time. Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little deals with the forces of human cognitive（认知的）selection that fix certain words into the dictionary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. In an experiment much like a game of telephone, thousands of participants read English-language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others. Only certain words from the first stories survived in the final versions. Researchers analyzed the word types speakers consistently favored, theorizing that such preferences drive language change over time. The scientists also separately analyzed two large collections of English historical texts from the past two centuries, containing more than 40 billion words — again seeing only certain types survive. The results show three features that give words an “evolutionary（进化的）advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age (such as "hand" "uncle" or "today") are stabler. Next, concrete words remain better than abs tract ones: "dog" persists longer than "animal", which persists longer than "organism". Lastly, emotionally exciting words — whether negative or positive — tend to continue to exist. Early language-evolution models assumed that language becomes increasingly complex over time. But Indiana University Bloomington cognitive scientist Fritz Breithaupt says the new study supports a more recent theory that language finally gets more efficient and easier to understand. Still, as the study notes, "the English language is not baby talk." Breithaupt explains: "We shift toward simple language, but then we also grab complex language that we need." New words that address the complexity of modern life may somewhat balance out this shift. 25．What is the purpose of the new study? A．To find out why language gradually shifts over time. B．To present society is a key factor in language change. C．To identify how cognitive selection affects language change. D．To figure out what words are easily included in the dictionary. 26．What were the participants asked to do during the experiment? A．Play games on the phone. B．Read stories to other participants. C．Rewrite what they read for others. D．Analyze the words they prefer to use. 27．Which words have the most evolutionary advantage according to the new study? A．Head, imagination and happy. B．Mouth, horse and disappointed. C．Insect, fortune and competition. D．Soccer, organism and adventure. 28．What is Fritz Breithaupt's attitude towards the new study? A．Tolerant. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【答案】25．C 26．C 27．B 28．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究揭示了语言演变的认知驱动力，通过类似“传话游戏”的实验与历史文本分析，发现早年习得、具体而非抽象、及情感激发的词汇更具进化优势，支持了语言朝向更高效易懂发展的现代理论，尽管英语依然保留复杂性以适应现代生活需求。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Much research examines how social and environmental factors influence language change, but very little deals with the forces of human cognitive（认知的）select ion that fix certain words into the dictionary. For an extensive new study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, scientists investigated just that. (许多研究考察了社会和环境因素如何影响语言变化，但很少涉及将某些单词固定在词典中的人类认知选择的力量。在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表的一项广泛的新研究中，科学家们对此进行了调查。)”可知，科学家们在美国国家科学院院刊上发表了一项广泛的新研究，正是为了研究这个问题。即科学家们研究了影响语言变化的人类认知选择的力量。故选C项。 26．细节理解题。 根据第二段的“In an experiment much like a game of telephone, thousands of participants read English-language stories and rewrote them to be read by other participants, who then rewrote them for others.(在一个类似于电话游戏的实验中，数千名参与者阅读英语故事，并将其重写以供其他参与者阅读，然后由其他参与者为其他人重写。)”可知，参与者需要重写自己读过的故事。故选C项。 27．推理判断题。根据第三段“The results show three features that give words an “evolutionary（进化的）advantage” by helping them stick in the brain: First, words typically acquired at an early age (such as "hand" "uncle" or "today") are stabler. Next, concrete words remain better than abs tract ones: "dog" persists longer than "animal", which persists longer than "organism". Lastly, emotionally exciting words—whether negative or positive—tend to continue to exist. (研究结果显示，有三个特征通过帮助单词在大脑中停留来赋予它们“进化优势”：首先，通常在早期习得的单词（如“手”、“叔叔”或“今天”）更稳定。接下来，具体的单词仍然比腹肌单词更好：“狗”比“动物”更持久，“动物”比“有机体”更持久。最后，情绪激动的词语——无论是消极的还是积极的——往往会继续存在。)”可知，有三种特质的词语有进化优势：在很小的时候习得的单词，具体的单词和让人情感激动的单词。故选B项。 28．推理判断题。 根据第四段的“But Indiana University Bloomington cognitive scientist Fritz Breithaupt says the new study supports a more recent theory that language finally gets more efficient and easier to understand. (但印第安纳大学布卢明顿分校的认知科学家Fritz Breithaupt表示，这项新研究支持了一个更新的理论，即语言最终变得更高效、更容易理解。)”可推断， Fritz Breithaupt对此研究表示支持。故选D项。 （七） 完形填空 （23-24高二下·内蒙古赤峰·期末）Social workers have been making a positive impact in society. Ericka Santiago-Diaz, a school social worker at College Achieve Greater Asbury Park Charter School in New Jersey, knows that the 29 to student success is empowering them both in and out of school hours. That is why she 30 school supplies, technology equipment, food, and 31 clothing to students at their homes. Santiago-Diaz 32 in-person home visits on a daily basis, 33 families and students have what they need. At school, Santiago-Diaz works hard to ensure that students know her office is a 34 place to come, process their feelings, share their 35 , and even “break down.” Santiago-Diaz 36 students who are enrolled in school virtually by occasionally attending virtual class sessions. She then sends her 37 Google Meet link to students who seem like they could use some extra support. That way, she can meet with them individually. 38 counseling and resources, and help them 39 their day in a more productive and 40 way. Santiago-Diaz has office hours where students can come — either physically or 41 — and take a break from their day. “I provide that small 42 for them to just decompress (解压) if they need to,” Santiago-Diaz told The Hechinger Report. The same goes for the 43 . Santiago-Diaz says. “They know I’m here for them.” 29．A．solution B．entrance C．key D．response 30．A．introduces B．delivers C．lends D．shows 31．A．donated B．committed C．referred D．brought 32．A．accompanies B．improves C．organizes D．conducts 33．A．ensuring B．confirming C．fancying D．indicating 34．A．strict B．safe C．crazy D．quiet 35．A．opponents B．struggles C．limits D．advantages 36．A．stands by B．stands for C．checks on D．checks out 37．A．private B．public C．reliable D．extra 38．A．select B．create C．transfer D．provide 39．A．take hold of B．make up for C．get on with D．put up with 40．A．specific B．silent C．temporary D．supported 41．A．accidentally B．relatively C．virtually D．individually 42．A．space B．tool C．lesson D．toy 43．A．communities B．neighbors C．locals D．parents 【答案】 29．C 30．B 31．A 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．B 36．C 37．A 38．D 39．C 40．D 41．C 42．A 43．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了社会工作者Ericka Santiago-Diaz如何通过在学校和家庭间的工作，为学生和家庭提供支持和资源，帮助他们在教育和情感上获得成功和安全感。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Ericka Santiago-Diaz是新泽西州College Achieve Greater Asbury Park特许学校的一名学校社工，她知道学生成功的关键是让他们在上课时间和课外时间都有自主权。A. solution解决方案；B. entrance入口；C. key关键；D. response回应。根据下文的“empowering them both in and out of school hours”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz知道学生成功的关键是让他们在上课时间和课外时间都有自主权。故选C项。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么她把学习用品、技术设备、食品和捐赠的衣服送到学生家里。A. introduces介绍；B. delivers递送；C. lends借出；D. shows显示。根据上文的“the...to student success is empowering them both in and out of school hours”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz知道学生成功的关键是让他们在上课时间和课外时间都有自主权，因此她将孩子需要的东西送到他们的家中。故选B项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么她把学习用品、技术设备、食品和捐赠的衣服送到学生家里。A. donated捐赠；B. committed致力于；C. referred参考；D. brought带来。根据上文的“ empowering them both in and out of school hours”可知，需要帮助的孩子们都是处于艰难的环境中，因此他们需要的衣物都是捐赠而来的。故选A项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Santiago-Diaz每天都进行家访，确保家庭和学生得到他们需要的东西。A. accompanies陪伴；B. improves改善；C. organizes组织；D. conducts进行。根据下文的“ families and students have what they need”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz每天都需要进行家访才能保证孩子们和他们的家庭得到所需要的东西。故选D项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Santiago-Diaz每天都进行家访，确保家庭和学生得到他们需要的东西。A. ensuring确保；B. confirming确认；C. fancying喜欢；D. indicating表明。根据上文的“ Santiago-Diaz...in-person home visits on a daily basis”可知，Santiago-Diaz每天进行家访的目的就是确保学生和他们的家人能得到他们需要的东西。故选A项。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，Santiago-Diaz努力确保学生们知道她的办公室是一个安全的地方，可以处理他们的感受，分享他们的挣扎，甚至“崩溃”。A. strict严格的；B. safe安全的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. quiet安静的。根据下文的“process their feelings,...and even “break down.””可知，处理个人感受这是一种很私密的事情，因此他需要确保学生知道他的办公室是安全的，不会被他人知道。故选B项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校里，Santiago-Diaz努力确保学生们知道她的办公室是一个安全的地方，可以处理他们的感受，分享他们的挣扎，甚至“崩溃”。A. opponents对手；B. struggles挣扎，困难；C. limits限制；D. advantages优势。根据下文的“and even “break down.””可知，学生们有的时候会出现崩溃的情绪，因此并列连词and前面表示的也是学生遇到的困难。故选B项。 36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Santiago-Diaz通过偶尔参加虚拟课程来检查那些住在学校的学生。A. stands by支持；B. stands for代表；C. checks on检查；D. checks out结账。根据下文的“virtually by occasionally attending virtual class sessions”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz因为不能总是见到那些住在学校的学生，因此通过网课来检查核实他们的情况。故选C项。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，她将私密的Google Meet链接发送给那些似乎需要额外支持的学生。A. private私密的；B. public公共的；C. reliable可靠的；D. extra额外的。根据下文的“ students who seem like they could use some extra support”和“That way, she can meet with them individually”可知，有些学生情况复杂是需要额外支持的，需要单独见面，这不能让其他人知道，因此Santiago-Diaz需要通过发送私密的链接来进行。故选A项。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样，她就可以单独与他们见面，提供咨询和资源，帮助他们以一种更有成效和支持的方式度过他们的一天。A. select选择；B. create创建；C. transfer转移；D. provide提供。根据上文的“That way, she can meet with them individually.”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz与那些需要特殊帮助的学生单独见面，是为了向他们提供支持来度过困难。故选D项。 39．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这样，她就可以单独与他们见面，提供咨询和资源，帮助他们以一种更有成效和支持的方式度过他们的一天。A. take hold of控制；B. make up for弥补；C. get on with继续；D. put up with忍受。根据上文的“students who seem like they could use some extra support”和“ That way, she can meet with them individually.”可知，有些学生情况复杂，需要单独的额外支持，因此Ericka Santiago-Diaz与他们单独见面，支持他们继续克服困难，度过艰难的一天。故选C项。 40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这样，她就可以单独与他们见面，提供咨询和资源，帮助他们以一种更有成效和支持的方式度过他们的一天。A. specific具体的；B. silent沉默的；C. temporary临时的；D. supported支持的。根据上文的“That way, she can meet with them individually...counseling and resources, and help them...their day ”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz与那些需要特殊帮助的学生单独见面，是为了向他们提供支持来度过困难。故选D项。 41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Santiago-Diaz有办公时间，学生们可以亲自或虚拟地来，休息一下。A. accidentally偶然地；B. relatively相对地；C. virtually虚拟地；D. individually个别地。根据上文的“either physically or”可知，需要帮助的学生要么亲自来找Ericka Santiago-Diaz，要么通过网上虚拟的方式与Ericka Santiago-Diaz见面。故选C项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Santiago-Diaz在接受《赫辛格报告》采访时表示：“如果他们需要，我会给他们提供一个小空间来减压。”A. space空间；B. tool工具；C. lesson教训；D. toy玩具。根据上文的“Santiago-Diaz has office hours where students can come -either physically or...—and take a break from their day.”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz的办公室是为学生提供帮助的空间。故选A项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母也是如此。A. communities社区；B. neighbors邻居；C. locals当地人；D. parents父母。根据上文的“That way, she can meet with them individually...counseling and resources, and help them...their day ”可知，Ericka Santiago-Diaz与那些需要特殊帮助的学生单独见面，是为了向他们提供支持来度过困难，孩子们的处境不好。他们的父母也过得不容易，因此Ericka Santiago-D也抽出时间来为学生的父母提供帮助。故选D项。 （八） 语法填空 （23-24高二下·重庆·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the age of 10, I was once asked to deliver a speech 44 (title) “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class! Just imagine how 45 (terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes fixed upon me. I had only one 46 (choose), though. First, I was to draft the speech and that was just a piece of cake for me, because I was 47 good writer. But the hard part lay in my oral presentation. To read from the paper was not allowed. I had to recite in front of such a big audience! A real trial began when I stood on the platform with my legs 48 (tremble) and my mind blank. I didn’t know how much time 49 (pass) by. My listeners were still waiting patiently and 50 any signs of rushing me. Gradually I found myself back, giving out my speech with 51 (difficult). Finally I finished. After it seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding. I made 52 ! From then on, my fear of talking before an audience disappeared. Actually I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our inner fear. Overcome it, 53 we will be able to achieve our goals. 【答案】 44．titled 45．terribly 46．choice 47．a 48．trembling 49．had passed 50．without 51．difficulty 52．it 53．and 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者小时候被要求在全班同学面前发表一篇题为“我生命中的一次真正考验”的演讲的经历。 44．考查非谓语动词。句意：10岁时，我曾被要求在全班同学面前发表一篇题为“我生命中的一次真正考验”的演讲！“(title) “A Real Test in My Life””作后置定语，title(加标题)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语speech之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填titled。 45．考查形容词。句意：只要想象一下，当我想到有那么多眼睛盯着我时，我是多么地害羞！提示词修饰形容词shy，用程度副词terribly作状语，意为“非常，很”。故填terribly。 46．考查名词。句意：然而，我只有一个选择。根据句意及空前的one可知，应用单数名词choice作宾语，意为“选择”。故填choice。 47．考查冠词。句意：首先，我要起草演讲稿，这对我来说只是小菜一碟，因为我是一个很好的作者。可数名词writer在句中表示“一个作者”，泛指，good发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 48．考查非谓语动词。句意：当我站在讲台上，双腿发抖，大脑一片空白时，真正的考验开始了！“ (tremble)”作with的复合结构中宾语补足语，tremble(发抖)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语legs之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填trembling。 49．考查时态。句意：我不知道过了多久。pass by(时间流逝)是宾语从句中谓语动词，不及物动词短语，结合句意和主句时态可知，pass发生在didn't know之前,表示"过去的过去”,要用过去 完成时。故填had passed。 50．考查介词。句意：我的听众们仍在耐心地等待着，没有任何催促我的迹象。根据前文“My listeners were still waiting patiently”可知，听众们在耐心地等待，没有催促我；故用介词without构成介词短语，作伴随状语，其意为“没有”。故填without。 51．考查名词。句意：渐渐地，我发现自己回过神来，费力地发表了我的演讲。提示词作介词宾语，用名词difficulty；with difficulty“费力地；困难地”，其中difficulty是不可数名词。故填difficulty。 52．考查固定短语。句意：我做到了！make it是固定短语，意为“成功，做到”。故填it。 53．考查固定句型和连词。句意：克服它，我们就能够实现我们的目标。此处为“祈使句+and+陈述句”固定句型，祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句，应用连词and连接。故填and。 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——写作项目——Express your opinions on studying abroad 本单元的写作项目是写一篇文章表述关于出国学习的观点，属于正反观点类议论文。正反观点类议论文一般会给出两个或两个以上的对立观点，要求发表自己的看法或见解。议论文的结构一般有引论、本论和结论三部分。引论用来提出论点，即开门见山地描述现象或表明立场；本论进一步论证阐述论点；结论用来表达自己的观点或提出解决问题的办法。可以利用列提纲思维导图来构思，请选择一篇你感兴趣的议论文阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 （23-24高二上·全国·课后作业）某英文报向广大中学生征稿，主题是关于中学生要不要参加社会实践。刚好你们班就这一话题进行了讨论，请你就此结果写一篇英语短文投稿，客观地介绍情况并谈谈自己的观点和理由。 正方 反方 你 1. 有助于了解社会，获得经验； 2. 有助于培养能力，学以致用。 1. 太年轻，不能很好地适应社会； 2. 浪费时间、精力，影响学业。 观点和理由 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文： Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether or not middle school students should do social practice. Some students are in favour of participating in social practice. They believe social practice can help them know more about society and give them much experience. By doing so, they can greatly develop their abilities and put what they have learned in books into practice. However, others think differently, believing that they are too young to fit in with society. In addition, they say it's a waste of time and energy, which should be devoted to their studies. Personally, I agree to the former opinion. As we spend most of time studying at school, participating in social practice is a very good chance to enrich our practical knowledge, which will in turn be beneficial to our studies. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。某英文报向广大中学生征稿，主题是关于中学生要不要参加社会实践。刚好考生所在班级班就这一话题进行了讨论，请考生就此结果写一篇英语短文投稿，客观地介绍情况并谈谈自己的观点和理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 参加：participate in→take part in 帮助：help→assist 提高： develop→promote 机会：chance→opportunity 2. 句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Some students are in favour of participating in social practice. They believe social practice can help them know more about society and give them much experience.. 拓展句：Some students are in favour of participating in social practice, who believe social practice can help them know more about society and give them much experience. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently our class has had a heated discussion about whether or not middle school students should do social practice. (运用whether引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】By doing so, they can greatly develop their abilities and put what they have learned in books into practice. (运用了what引导的宾语从句) $$