Unit 5 复习动词 ing形式 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版2019高二英语选择性必修第二册 学生版+教师版 5-5-3

Unit 5 复习动词­ing形式 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 5-5-3 目 录 复习动词­ing形式 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 动词­ing形式 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。v. -ing形式的构成是： 一般式 完成式 主动式 doing having done 被动式 being done having been done I. v. -ing形式作主语 （1）v. -ing形式作主语时，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为。 Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. 重新读一本你读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。 （2）有时为了避免句子主语过于冗长，通常用it代替v. -ing作形式主语。 It’s no use advising him. 劝他没用。 【学以致用】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①It is a waste of time _____________ (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games. ②It's no good _____________ (complain) without taking action. (2)补全句子 _____________ is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 _____________ is the same as killing him for his property. 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。 II. v. -ing形式作宾语 （1）常接动词­ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆： 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind) Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗子吗？ I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio. 我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。 (2)作动词短语的宾语 常见的跟动词­ing 形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, keep on, put off, give up, look forward to, stick to, feel like, succeed in, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth, dream of等。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 【学以致用】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①We don't allow _____________ (dive) in the pool. ②It is useful for someone who is trying to give up _____________ (smoke). ③The boy was lucky to escape _____________ (punish). 　(2)补全句子 It's quite hot today. Do you feel like _____________ 今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？ I have never _____________. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。 （2）有些动词（短语）后跟不定式和v. -ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret todo 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做（另外一件事） doing 接着做（同一件事） stop to do 停下来去做…… doing 停止做…… Please remember to give my best regards to your family. 请记着代我向你的家人问好。 I still remember visiting the museum for the first time. 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。 （3）下列动词可接v. -ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing = need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 （4）在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。 They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。 趣味记忆Mrs P Black missed a bag. P·布莱克夫人丢了一个袋子。该句话中每个字母都代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词后面可跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：M = mind, r = risk, s = succeed in, P = practise, B = be busy, l = look forward to, a = admit, c = can’t help, k = keep（on）, m = miss, i = insist on, s = suggest, s = stop, e = enjoy, d = delay, a = avoid, b = be worth, a = advise, g = give up。 【学以致用】 ①I _____________ that you've failed in the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 ②_____________ about his rudeness. 别再向我抱怨他的粗鲁了。 ③Missing the train means _____________. 误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。 III. v. -ing形式作表语 作表语的动词­ing 形式包括动名词和现在分词。 (1)动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容(此时主语和表语可以互换)。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 (2)现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词性的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 His remarks are very encouraging. 他的评论非常鼓舞人心。 【学以致用】 　试判断下列句中动词­ing 形式的类型 A. 动名词　　　　 B. 现在分词 ①My hobby is collecting stamps. _____________ ②What you said is really inspiring. _____________ ③What I am tired of is waiting here alone. _____________ IV. v. -ing形式作定语 （1）作定语的v. -ing可以表示所修饰名词的用途。 a waiting room（ = a room for waiting）候车室 （2）单个的v. -ing作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之前，v. -ing短语作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之后。 He is a modest and understanding man. 他是一个谦虚且善解人意的人。 （2020全国卷Ⅰ）All customers travellingon TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. 所有乘坐TransLink的乘客在上车前必须持有有效车票。 （3）作定语的v. -ing可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态，可以转换成定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south（ = a house that faces south）. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 名师点津 注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示主动、进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 I’m looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。 【学以致用】 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Our school went on an _____________ (organize) trip last week. ②I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work _____________ (do). ③There's a note pinned to the door _____________ (say) when the shop will open again. V. 现在分词（短语）作状语的用法 现在分词（短语）在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。 （1）作时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句） Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. = When/While(she was)walking in the park, she saw an old friend. 当她在公园里散步时,，她看到了她的一个老朋友。 （2）作原因状语（一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句） Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. = As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school. 因为生病了，他无法去上学。 （3）作条件状语（一般放在句首, 可转换成由if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句） Working hard, you’ll make great progress. = If you work hard, you’ll make great progress. 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。 （4）作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开。 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated. 这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。 注意：现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较： He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 （5）作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. = Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边正在读一本书。 名师点津 [点津]　动词­ing形式作状语的注意事项 (1)逻辑主语 动词­ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。 Being ill, he didn't attend the wedding. 因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill 是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill. ) (2)连词＋动词­ing 形式 由when/while /once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋动词­ing 形式”的结构形式。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. ＝Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. 尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。 (3)独立成分 有部分短语，其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响，通常用动词­ing 形式作状语。 considering(鉴于，考虑到)；judging from/by(从……来看；依据……来判断)；supposing that(假定……)；providing that . . . (假定……)；owing to(由于……) Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。 （4）having done作状语，表示现在分词的动作先发生，谓语动词的动作后发生。Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。（having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的） （5）v. -ing形式的否定式：not+v. -ing; not having+v. -ed Not knowing this, he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 【学以致用】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①My wife had a long talk with Sally, _________________ (explain) why she didn't want the children to play together. ②_________________ (judge) from what he said, he wasn't satisfied with my work. ③Once _________________ (lose) this chance, you can't easily find it. (2)句型转换 When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood. →_________________she remembered her childhood. Because I don't know his address, I can't send this book to him. →_________________I can't send this book to him. If you use your head, you'll have a good idea. /Use your head and you'll have a good idea. →_________________you'll have a good idea. VI. v. -ing形式作宾语补足语 v. -ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 （1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词（短语）（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+sb. +doing sth. 。 I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。 I saw the little boy crying there. 我看到小男孩在那儿哭。 （2）表示指使意义的使役动词（常见的有have, keep, get, leave等）+sb. /sth. +doing sth. 。 We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 [点津]　使役动词接动词­ing 形式作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请别人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”；make, have, let接不带to的动词不定式，get接带to的动词不定式，表示“让某人做某事”。 Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则你会弄伤手的。 （3）用于with复合结构中。 I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做我的家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。 【学以致用】 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①They use computers to keep the traffic _________________ (run) smoothly. ②The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _________________ (follow) them. ③He had the walls _________________ (paint) this morning. ④Tom's mother made him _________________ (paint) the house. 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. ___________ (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important. 2. The bird narrowly escaped ___________ (shoot) by the hunter. 3. It is no use ___________ (regret) your past mistakes. 4. The result is very ___________ (disappoint). 5. They are planning to build a ___________ (swim) pool for the kids. 6. The student ___________ (talk) with the foreigners over there is our monitor. 7. With the temperature ___________ (rise)，the leaves and grass begin to appear. 8. ___________ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful. 9. ___________ (work) harder at English，you'll make greater progress. 10. I'm sorry to have kept you ___________ (wait) for so long. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。 In a word，______________________________ is considered an important thing. 2. 当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。 After the man finished ______________________________，he looked at his friend. 3. 李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。 Li Ming has always been dreaming of ______________________________ in the future. 4. 因粗鲁行为向老师道歉后，他承诺以后不再犯同样的错误。 ______________________________，he made a promise that he wouldn't make the same mistake. 5. 因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。 ______________________________，he didn't want to argue with him. 6. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 He was caught in the rain，thus ______________________________. 7. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom，______________________________. 8. 因为在这个村里住了很多年，我熟悉每个人。 ______________________________，I know everyone quite well. 9. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 Her job is ______________________________ as clean as possible. 10. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 We ______________________________ all night long. Ⅲ. 短文语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1. _____________(love) her. One day, 2. _____________(feel) very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3. _____________(catch) in a thorny bush. The young girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead of 4. _____________(fly) away，the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy. “In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5. _____________(get). ”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happy. ” 6. _____________(lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared. With the little girl 7. _____________(grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was. Everyone wanted to make themselves 8. _____________(tell) the secret of happiness by her. She would only smile and answer，“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl. ” When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her，9. _____________(fear) that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her. So they begged her 10. _____________(tell) them what the good fairy said. The lovely old woman simply smiled and said，“She told me that everyone，no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had need of me. ” 能力提升 突破考点 I. 单句语法填空 1. When he got better, he looked forward to (go) back to work as soon as possible. 2. But this friendship is worth (save): eight years is a long time! 3. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 4. Tu Youyou concluded that (boil) the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 5. I can see that Tim is having trouble (balance) his project and his schoolwork. 6. At last, we had a narrow escape, fortunately escaping (hurt) by the polar bear. 7. She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 8. Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter (offer) him it. 9. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 10. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. 11. Joe is proud and stubborn, never (admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. 12. The room (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in. 13. (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. （用单词适当形式填空） 14. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, (deliver) over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. 15. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 16. The ancient town is so peaceful that it is worth (visit) a second time. 17. The career you have decide (define) your life, and so (take) time to think about it is an essential exercise. 18. I remembered (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 19. Look at the sign! “No (swim)”. You can't swim here. 20. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or (walk)through a rainforest. 21. It is up to the (regulate) authority to put the measures into effect. 22. (trap) in the river for five hours makes the thief look very pale and exhausted. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. （2020全国Ⅱ卷）有一条小河穿过农场。(flow) There is a small river ___________________________ . 2. 学走路的孩子经常摔倒。(learn) ___________________________ often falls. 3. 这些学生说说笑笑地走进教室。(talk; laugh) The students walked into the classroom, ___________________________ . 4. 孩子们让火一直燃烧着。(burn) The children kept ___________________________ . 5. 由于他不懂英语, 他不知道他们想要什么。(understand) ___________________________ , he didn’t know what they wanted. Ⅲ. 语法填空 1. __________ (fall) in love with a beautiful lady, a lion went to her parents and asked them 2. _______ (marry) her to him. The old parents did not know what to say. Not 3. __________ (hope) to give their daughter to the lion, they did not want 4. __________ (anger) the king of beasts. At last the father said,“We are glad 5. __________ (marry) our daughter to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6. __________ (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her. ” 7. __________ (love) the lady very much, the lion trimmed（修剪） his claws and took out his big teeth. 8. __________(come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed in his face. 9. __________ (beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10. __________(depress)and died soon. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 复习动词­ing形式 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 5-5-3 目 录 复习动词­ing形式 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 动词­ing形式 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，现在分词在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。v. -ing形式的构成是： 一般式 完成式 主动式 doing having done 被动式 being done having been done I. v. -ing形式作主语 （1）v. -ing形式作主语时，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为。 Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. 重新读一本你读了很多遍的书，感觉就像和老朋友一起喝酒一样。 （2）有时为了避免句子主语过于冗长，通常用it代替v. -ing作形式主语。 It’s no use advising him. 劝他没用。 【学以致用】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①It is a waste of time _____________ (try) to persuade him to give up playing computer games. ②It's no good _____________ (complain) without taking action. (2)补全句子 _____________ is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 _____________ is the same as killing him for his property. 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。 【答案】 1　 trying 2　 complaining 3　 Reading aloud 4　 Wasting a person's time II. v. -ing形式作宾语 （1）常接动词­ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆： 避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, postpone) 建议完成多练习(advise/suggest, finish, practise) 喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, can't help) 承认否定与嫉妒(admit, deny, envy) 逃避冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, excuse) 忍受保持不介意(stand, keep, mind) Would you mind opening the window? 你介意打开窗子吗？ I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio. 我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。 (2)作动词短语的宾语 常见的跟动词­ing 形式作宾语的动词短语有：insist on, object to, be good at, be fond of, keep on, put off, give up, look forward to, stick to, feel like, succeed in, get/be used to, pay attention to, be worth, dream of等。 He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 【学以致用】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①We don't allow _____________ (dive) in the pool. ②It is useful for someone who is trying to give up _____________ (smoke). ③The boy was lucky to escape _____________ (punish). 　(2)补全句子 It's quite hot today. Do you feel like _____________ 今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？ I have never _____________. 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。 【答案】 1　 diving 2　 smoking 3　 being punished 4　 going for a swim? 5　 dreamed of visiting that place （2）有些动词（短语）后跟不定式和v. -ing形式作宾语均可，但含义不同。常见的有： 动词 宾语的形式 意义 forget to do 忘记做…… doing 忘记做过…… remember to do 记着要去做…… doing 记得做过…… regret todo 遗憾/抱歉要做…… doing 后悔做了…… try to do 尽力做…… doing 尝试做…… mean to do 打算做…… doing 意味着…… go on to do 接着做（另外一件事） doing 接着做（同一件事） stop to do 停下来去做…… doing 停止做…… Please remember to give my best regards to your family. 请记着代我向你的家人问好。 I still remember visiting the museum for the first time. 我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。 （3）下列动词可接v. -ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 need/want/require/deserve doing = need/want/require/deserve to be done The bike needs repairing/to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 （4）在有些动词的后面，如：start, begin, continue等既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。 They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened. 他们继续工作，似乎什么也没发生过。 趣味记忆Mrs P Black missed a bag. P·布莱克夫人丢了一个袋子。该句话中每个字母都代表了一个动词或短语，这些动词后面可跟动名词作宾语。这些动词分别是：M = mind, r = risk, s = succeed in, P = practise, B = be busy, l = look forward to, a = admit, c = can’t help, k = keep（on）, m = miss, i = insist on, s = suggest, s = stop, e = enjoy, d = delay, a = avoid, b = be worth, a = advise, g = give up。 【学以致用】 ①I _____________ that you've failed in the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 ②_____________ about his rudeness. 别再向我抱怨他的粗鲁了。 ③Missing the train means _____________. 误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。 【答案】 1　 regret to tell you 2　 Stop complaining to me 3　 waiting for another hour III. v. -ing形式作表语 作表语的动词­ing 形式包括动名词和现在分词。 (1)动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容(此时主语和表语可以互换)。 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. ＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 (2)现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词性的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing等这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 His remarks are very encouraging. 他的评论非常鼓舞人心。 【学以致用】 　试判断下列句中动词­ing 形式的类型 A. 动名词　　　　 B. 现在分词 ①My hobby is collecting stamps. _____________ ②What you said is really inspiring. _____________ ③What I am tired of is waiting here alone. _____________ 【答案】 1　 A 2　 B 3　 A IV. v. -ing形式作定语 （1）作定语的v. -ing可以表示所修饰名词的用途。 a waiting room（ = a room for waiting）候车室 （2）单个的v. -ing作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之前，v. -ing短语作定语常常置于它所修饰的名词之后。 He is a modest and understanding man. 他是一个谦虚且善解人意的人。 （2020全国卷Ⅰ）All customers travellingon TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. 所有乘坐TransLink的乘客在上车前必须持有有效车票。 （3）作定语的v. -ing可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态，可以转换成定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south（ = a house that faces south）. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 名师点津 注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示主动、进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。 You should adapt to the changing situation. 你应该适应不断变化的形势。 The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上满是落叶。 I’m looking for a room to live in. 我正在找房子住。 【学以致用】 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Our school went on an _____________ (organize) trip last week. ②I can't go with you, for I have a lot of work _____________ (do). ③There's a note pinned to the door _____________ (say) when the shop will open again. 【答案】 1　 organized 2　 to do 3　 saying V. 现在分词（短语）作状语的用法 现在分词（短语）在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。 （1）作时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句） Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. = When/While(she was)walking in the park, she saw an old friend. 当她在公园里散步时,，她看到了她的一个老朋友。 （2）作原因状语（一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句） Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. = As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school. 因为生病了，他无法去上学。 （3）作条件状语（一般放在句首, 可转换成由if, unless等连词引导的条件状语从句） Working hard, you’ll make great progress. = If you work hard, you’ll make great progress. 如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。 （4）作结果状语 现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开。 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated. 这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。 注意：现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较： He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 （5）作让步、方式和伴随状语 现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和谓语动词的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. = Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边正在读一本书。 名师点津 [点津]　动词­ing形式作状语的注意事项 (1)逻辑主语 动词­ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语，它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。 Being ill, he didn't attend the wedding. 因为生病，他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill 是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill. ) (2)连词＋动词­ing 形式 由when/while /once/if/though/unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态，则可以省略从句的主语，而保留原连词，形成“连词＋动词­ing 形式”的结构形式。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. ＝Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. 尽管他父母缺钱，但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。 (3)独立成分 有部分短语，其动词形式的选择不受上下文的影响，通常用动词­ing 形式作状语。 considering(鉴于，考虑到)；judging from/by(从……来看；依据……来判断)；supposing that(假定……)；providing that . . . (假定……)；owing to(由于……) Considering he's only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。 （4）having done作状语，表示现在分词的动作先发生，谓语动词的动作后发生。Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。（having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的） （5）v. -ing形式的否定式：not+v. -ing; not having+v. -ed Not knowing this, he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事，所以没来。 Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 【学以致用】 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空 ①My wife had a long talk with Sally, _________________ (explain) why she didn't want the children to play together. ②_________________ (judge) from what he said, he wasn't satisfied with my work. ③Once _________________ (lose) this chance, you can't easily find it. (2)句型转换 When she saw those pictures, she remembered her childhood. →_________________she remembered her childhood. Because I don't know his address, I can't send this book to him. →_________________I can't send this book to him. If you use your head, you'll have a good idea. /Use your head and you'll have a good idea. →_________________you'll have a good idea. 【答案】 1　 explaining 2　 Judging 3　 losing 4　 Seeing those pictures, 5　 Not knowing his address, 6　 Using your head, VI. v. -ing形式作宾语补足语 v. -ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。 （1）表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词（短语）（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等）+sb. +doing sth. 。 I felt somebody standing behind me. 我感觉有人站在我后面。 I saw the little boy crying there. 我看到小男孩在那儿哭。 （2）表示指使意义的使役动词（常见的有have, keep, get, leave等）+sb. /sth. +doing sth. 。 We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 [点津]　使役动词接动词­ing 形式作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请别人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”；make, have, let接不带to的动词不定式，get接带to的动词不定式，表示“让某人做某事”。 Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则你会弄伤手的。 （3）用于with复合结构中。 I couldn’t do my homework with the noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做我的家庭作业。 With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。 【学以致用】 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①They use computers to keep the traffic _________________ (run) smoothly. ②The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _________________ (follow) them. ③He had the walls _________________ (paint) this morning. ④Tom's mother made him _________________ (paint) the house. 【答案】 1　 running 2　 following 3　 painted 4　 paint 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. ___________ (talk) with your kid heart to heart is very important. 2. The bird narrowly escaped ___________ (shoot) by the hunter. 3. It is no use ___________ (regret) your past mistakes. 4. The result is very ___________ (disappoint). 5. They are planning to build a ___________ (swim) pool for the kids. 6. The student ___________ (talk) with the foreigners over there is our monitor. 7. With the temperature ___________ (rise)，the leaves and grass begin to appear. 8. ___________ (see) from the tower，the city looks very beautiful. 9. ___________ (work) harder at English，you'll make greater progress. 10. I'm sorry to have kept you ___________ (wait) for so long. 【答案】 1． Talking 2． being shot 3． regretting 4． disappointing 5． swimming 6． talking 7． rising 8． Seen 9． Working 10． waiting Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 总之，和你的同学处理好关系被认为是一件重要的事情。 In a word，______________________________ is considered an important thing. 2. 当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。 After the man finished ______________________________，he looked at his friend. 3. 李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。 Li Ming has always been dreaming of ______________________________ in the future. 4. 因粗鲁行为向老师道歉后，他承诺以后不再犯同样的错误。 ______________________________，he made a promise that he wouldn't make the same mistake. 5. 因为尊重他的父亲，所以他不想和他争论。 ______________________________，he didn't want to argue with him. 6. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 He was caught in the rain，thus ______________________________. 7. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom，______________________________. 8. 因为在这个村里住了很多年，我熟悉每个人。 ______________________________，I know everyone quite well. 9. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 Her job is ______________________________ as clean as possible. 10. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 We ______________________________ all night long. 【答案】 1． getting along well with your classmates 2． reading the letter 3． starting his own business 4． Having apologized to his teacher for his rude manners 5． Respecting his father 6． making himself catch a cold 7． reading a book 8． Having lived in the village for years 9． keeping the lecture hall 10． kept the fire burning Ⅲ. 短文语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) There is a wonderful story about a young girl who had no family and no one 1. _____________(love) her. One day, 2. _____________(feel) very sad and lonely，she was walking through a grassland when she noticed a small butterfly 3. _____________(catch) in a thorny bush. The young girl carefully released the butterfly. Instead of 4. _____________(fly) away，the little butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy. “In return for your wonderful kindness，”the good fairy said to the girl，“I will give you any wish that you would like 5. _____________(get). ”The little girl thought for a moment and then replied，“I want to be happy. ” 6. _____________(lean) toward her，the fairy whispered in her ear and then disappeared. With the little girl 7. _____________(grow) up，there was no one in the land happier than she was. Everyone wanted to make themselves 8. _____________(tell) the secret of happiness by her. She would only smile and answer，“The secret of my happiness is that I listened to a good fairy when I was a little girl. ” When she was dying，the neighbors all gathered around her，9. _____________(fear) that her unbelievable secret of happiness would die with her. So they begged her 10. _____________(tell) them what the good fairy said. The lovely old woman simply smiled and said，“She told me that everyone，no matter how old or young，how rich or poor，had need of me. ” 【答案】 1． to love 2． feeling 3． caught 4． flying 5． to get 6． Leaning 7． growing 8． told 9． fearing 10． to tell 能力提升 突破考点 I. 单句语法填空 1. When he got better, he looked forward to (go) back to work as soon as possible. 【答案】going 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他好转后，他期待着尽快回去工作。动词短语look forward to“期待，盼望”，其中to为介词，应用名动名词作宾语。故填going。 2. But this friendship is worth (save): eight years is a long time! 【答案】saving 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但这段友谊是值得保存的：八年是一段很长的时间！be worth doing为固定短语，表示“值得做某事”，空处应为动名词，故填saving。 3. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years (record) everything I discovered. 【答案】recording 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我在过去的两年里记录了我所发现的一切。spend+时间+(in) doing sth. 意为“花费时间做某事”。根据空前的spent可知，此处使用动词record“记录”的动名词形式recording，作宾语。故填recording。 4. Tu Youyou concluded that (boil) the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties. 【答案】boiling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦得出结论，将苦艾煮沸显然会破坏其药用特性。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中为非谓语动词作主语，应用动名词形式，故填boiling。 5. I can see that Tim is having trouble (balance) his project and his schoolwork. 【答案】balancing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我看得出来蒂姆在平衡他的项目和功课方面有困难。根据“having trouble”可知，此处用固定短语have trouble (in) doing sth. ，意为“做某事有困难”，因此空处应用balance的动名词形式，作宾语。故填balancing。 6. At last, we had a narrow escape, fortunately escaping (hurt) by the polar bear. 【答案】being hurt 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，我们死里逃生，幸运地躲过了北极熊的伤害。分析句子可知，空处作escaping的宾语，应用动名词形式，且结合by the polar bear可知，hurt“使……受伤”和we逻辑上是被动的关系，因此应用动名词的被动语态，即being done的形式。故填being hurt。 7. She called for action to address the struggles of people around the world (face) “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】facing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知face与逻辑主语people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，故填facing。 8. Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter (offer) him it. 【答案】offering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Ken确实得到了那份工作，因为他给我看了提供给他那份工作的正式信函。分析句子结构可知，offer在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作后置定语修饰名词短语the official letter，the official letter与动词offer构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式表主动。故填offering。 9. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【答案】visiting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，主句谓语为talk，空处填非谓语动词，且Chinese zookeepers与visit“参观，访问”为主动关系，故此处用现在分词转化的形容词visiting“来访的，参观的”修饰名词Chinese zookeepers。故填visiting。 10. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. 【答案】wanting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买汤包，一笼屉是不够的，然而两笼屉似乎有点贪婪，所以我总是想下次多吃一些。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“am left”，空处需填非谓语动词，want和逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作主语补足语，leave sb doing sth“使某人保持做某事的状态”，此处为其被动结构sb. be  left doing。故填wanting。 11. Joe is proud and stubborn, never (admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame. 【答案】admitting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：乔既骄傲又固执，从不承认自己错了，总是找别人来责怪。分析句子可知，空格前有系动词“is”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“admit”意为“承认”，动词词性，“Joe”和“admit”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故设空处应用现在分词作状语。故填admitting。 12. The room (measure) five meters across is comfortable to live in. 【答案】measuring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个房间宽五米，住起来很舒服。分析句子可知，空处作room的后置定语，是非谓语动词，measure“（某物的）长度为……”和room逻辑上是主动关系，且此处表示状态，因此应用measure的现在分词形式。故填measuring。 13. (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. （用单词适当形式填空） 【答案】Having worked 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：工作了两天之后，史蒂夫设法按时完成了报告。分析句子结构，已有谓语动词managed to finish，设空处需填非谓语动词作状语，Steve和work是逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，结合for two days 可知，work发生在managed to finish之前，需用现在分词的完成式。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Having worked。 14. Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, (deliver) over 50,000 babies in her lifetime. 【答案】having delivered 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然林巧芝从未结婚，但她被称为“万宝之母” ，一生中接生了五万多个宝宝。分析可知，设空处及之后的内容在句中为状语，句子主语she与deliver为逻辑主谓关系，且动作发生在谓语动词之前，故应用现在分词的完成式having done。故填having delivered。 15. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. 【答案】Moving 【解析】句意：当灯变成绿色时，我站了一会儿，一动不动，问自己要做什么。此处是现在分词做伴随状语，故答案为moving。 16. The ancient town is so peaceful that it is worth (visit) a second time. 【答案】visiting 【解析】考查动名词。句意：这座古镇如此宁静，值得再去一次。分析句子可知，这里考查be worth doing sth. 表“值得做某事”，visit用动名词形式作宾语。故填visiting。 17. The career you have decide (define) your life, and so (take) time to think about it is an essential exercise. 【答案】 defines taking 【解析】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。句意：你所选择的职业决定了你的生活，所以花时间思考它是一个必要的练习。分析句子结构可知，本句是and so连接的并列句，前句中you have decide为省略that或which的定语从句修饰career，空处为主句谓语动词，根据句意，应是define意为“定义”符合语境，句中描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是career，为第三人称单数，所以填defines；后句中缺少主语，所以空处应填动名词形式和后面的time to think about it一起作主语。故填①defines；②taking。 18. I remembered (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 【答案】locking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我记得离开办公室前锁门了，但忘了关灯。根据句意及but forgot to turn off the lights可知，此处使用固定短语remember doing sth. “记得做过某事”。故填locking。 19. Look at the sign! “No (swim)”. You can't swim here. 【答案】swimming 【解析】考查动名词。句意：看那个标志!“禁止游泳”。你们不能在这里游泳。“No+doing”意为“禁止做某事”。故填swimming。 20. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or (walk)through a rainforest. 【答案】walking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了观赏展品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。短语：imagine sb. doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。sb. doing此处为动名词的复合结构，作动词imagine的宾语。分析句子可知，此处与living是并列成分，共同作imagine的宾语，故填walking。 21. It is up to the (regulate) authority to put the measures into effect. 【答案】regulating 【解析】考查动名词。句意：应该由管理部门落实这些措施。空处修饰名词authority，应用动名词形式作定语，表示被修饰词的目的或用途，故填regulating。 22. (trap) in the river for five hours makes the thief look very pale and exhausted. 【答案】Being trapped 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被困在河里五个小时使小偷看起来非常苍白和疲惫。makes为谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词，作主语，trap与逻辑主语the thief之间为动宾关系，应用动名词的被动形式，设空处在句首，单词的首字母要大写。故填Being trapped。 Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. （2020全国Ⅱ卷）有一条小河穿过农场。(flow) There is a small river ___________________________ . 2. 学走路的孩子经常摔倒。(learn) ___________________________ often falls. 3. 这些学生说说笑笑地走进教室。(talk; laugh) The students walked into the classroom, ___________________________ . 4. 孩子们让火一直燃烧着。(burn) The children kept ___________________________ . 5. 由于他不懂英语, 他不知道他们想要什么。(understand) ___________________________ , he didn’t know what they wanted. 【答案】 1. flowing through the farm 2. A child learning to walk 3. talking and laughing 4. the fire burning all the time 5. Not understanding English Ⅲ. 语法填空 1. __________ (fall) in love with a beautiful lady, a lion went to her parents and asked them 2. _______ (marry) her to him. The old parents did not know what to say. Not 3. __________ (hope) to give their daughter to the lion, they did not want 4. __________ (anger) the king of beasts. At last the father said,“We are glad 5. __________ (marry) our daughter to you, but we fear that you might possibly hurt her. So 6. __________ (remove) your claws and teeth, you can marry her. ” 7. __________ (love) the lady very much, the lion trimmed（修剪） his claws and took out his big teeth. 8. __________(come) to the parents again, he was simply laughed in his face. 9. __________ (beat) out of the house, the lion felt 10. __________(depress)and died soon. 【答案与解析】 [语篇解读]这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意：有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。 1. Falling a lion与fall是主动关系，用v. -ing形式作状语，表示原因。 2. to marry；ask sb. to do sth. ，不定式作宾补。 3. hoping ：they与hope是主动关系，用v. -ing形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didn’t hope to…。 4. to anger：want后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。 5. to marry ：在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。 6. removing ：you与remove是主动关系，用v. -ing形式作状语，表示条件，相当于if you remove…。 7. Loving：the lion与love是主动关系，用v. -ing形式作状语，表示原因。 8. Coming：. he与come是主动关系，用v. -ing形式作伴随状语。 9. Beaten：the lion与beat是被动关系，用v. -ed形式作状语，表示原因。 10. depressed：表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，用v. -ed形式作表语。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$