Unit 4 过去分词作表语和状语 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版2019高二英语选择性必修第二册

Unit 4 过去分词作表语和状语 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 学生版 5-4-3 目 录 过去分词作表语和状语 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 过去分词作表语和状语 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 I. 过去分词(短语)作表语 1. 过去分词(短语)作表语的位置及意义 位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 She looked disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 2. 过去分词(短语)作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而谓语动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态) 3. 现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作表语的区别 过去分词(短语) 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 现在分词(短语) 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” II. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词, 其过去分词含有被动意义, 即“人被引起某种感觉的”, 多用来指人、人的声音或表情等; 动词-ing形式表示主动意义, 即“令人有某种感觉的”, 多用来修饰物。 常用的这类词有: We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话感到惊讶。 His words were discouraging: which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气, 使得很多人灰心丧气。 【学以致用】用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1)The ____________________ look on her face suggested that she was ____________________ by the ____________________ scene. (frighten) (2)The scene is ____________________: and I’m very ____________________ at present. (excite) (3)What he did is ____________________: so I’m ____________________ by what he did. (encourage) (4)The audience were all ____________________ to tears by the ____________________ film. (move) 【答案】 (1) frightened；frightened；frightening (2) exciting；excited (3) encouraging；encouraged (4) moved；moving III. 过去分词(短语)作状语 1. 过去分词(短语)作状语的意义 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为被动关系。 2. 过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置 (1)过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”. (时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语) 如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语) 在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。 Visited many times, the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了很多次，但这个地方仍值得再来。 He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in his study.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 The guest walked into the room, greeted by the host.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 (2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 淋了一场大雨，他全身湿透了。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。 【学以致用】 　写出下列句中黑体部分分别作什么状语 ①Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ____________________ ②Time, used correctly，is money in the bank. ____________________ ③If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once. ____________________ ④Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. ____________________ ⑤When given a medical examination，you should keep calm. ____________________ 【答案】 1　 原因状语 2　 条件状语 3　 条件状语 4　 方式状语 5　 时间状语 3. 过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况 (1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。 Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole city looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 Encouraged by the progress he has made (＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 (2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。 The teacher came into the classroom, followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students). 老师走进了教室，后面跟着两个学生。 (3)过去分词(短语)作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词(短语)作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。 Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求讲话，否则在会上你应该保持沉默。 (4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假了。 【学以致用】　句型转换 ①When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent. →_______________________________，the children all kept silent. ②If we are united，we will make our life better. →_______________________________we will make our life better. ③Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. →_______________________________we went on with it. 【答案】 4. 现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的区别 现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。 (1)现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词(短语)的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词(短语)的动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词(短语)的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine. 沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest. 完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。 (2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention，the tree could have grown better. 如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。 Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 【巧学助记】　分词作状语记忆口诀 　　分词作状语, 主语是问题。 　　前后两动作, 共用一主语。 　　主语找出后, 再来判关系。 　　主动用-ing, 被动用-ed。 分词作状语误区警示 无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词, 其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致, 则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught: the police will punish the thief. (×) If caught: the thief will be punished by the police. (√) If the thief is caught: the police will punish him. (√) 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 (1)____________________ (finish) their work: they went home to have a rest.   (2)____________________ (grow) in rich soil: these seeds can grow fast. (3)____________________ (impress) by the beautiful scenery: I forgot to go back home in time. (4)____________________ (look) out of the window: I found many children playing on the playground. 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. Both he and I are _______________ (satisfy) with the result. 2. The news was _______________ and they were all _______________ at it.(excite) 3. We all felt _______________ at the _______________ news.(encourage) 4. When _______________ (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 5. If _______________ (give) better attention, the serious accident could have been avoided. 6. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _______________ (allow) more patients to be treated. 7. _______________ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. 8. Much time _______________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 9. _______________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 10. _______________ (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 我对试验结果很满意。 I _______________________ the result of the experiment. 2. 门仍然锁着。 The door _______________________. 3. 我希望我们更多地参与到社区中来，我们的生活将变得丰富多彩。 I hope _______________________ our community and our life will be colorful. 4. 从观景台看，我们会有一个更好的视野。 _______________________ the viewing platform，we will have a better view. 5. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 _______________________，he didn't hear the sound. 6. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 _______________________，this article was not so good. 7. 当被问到有关他的家庭情况时，他没有回答。 _______________________，he made no answer. 8. 由于伤得很严重，只好把他送往医院。 _______________________，he had to be taken to hospital. 9. 即使被很多人嘲笑，他仍然继续他的研究。 _______________________，he still continued his research. 10. 尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。 _______________________，the farmers were still working in the fields. Ⅲ. 短文语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1. ______________(absorb) in Scared Step by Step(《步步惊心》)，the most 2.______________(move) serial(连续剧)，many people，including some elderly people，watched it late into the night. In the serial，a maiden(少女) named Ruoxi went back to the Qing Dynasty, 3.______________(involve) in a fierce fight of Kangxi's nine sons for the throne(皇位). Ruoxi 4.______________(move) by the eighth son's warmth and concern and fell in love with him. However，after 5.______________(experience) many things，Ruoxi found that her true love was the fourth son(later was Emperor Yongzheng). 6.______________(punish) for refusing the Emperor's order to marry the 13th son，Ruoxi was sent to do hard work in the palace for ten years，7.______________(wash) thousands of clothes every day. 8.______________(realize) Ruoxi's love for him，Emperor Yongzheng swore that he would love Ruoxi forever. However，Ruoxi died several years later, 9.______________(make) Yongzheng very sad. In the end of the serial，Ruoxi came back to the modern times.10.______________(enter) a museum，she found herself painted in a picture. 能力提升 突破考点 一、单句语法填空 1. (base) on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology(神话) The Investiture of the Gods, Ne Zha is shown as rebellious(反抗的)underdog, who has to overcome hardship and his dark fate to become a hero: (like) his attractive heroic character in previous cinematic works. 2. (compare) with most biopic (传记片) productions that tend to document the whole life of the featured individual, this series focuses specifically on the individuals’ most shining moments. 3. (direct) by Chris Sanders, the film The Call of the Wild follows a dog named Buck as he is stolen from his home in California and sent to the Yukon, where he befriends an old outdoorsman and begins a life-altering adventure. 4. (frustrate) by frequent failures in my English exams, I found myself on the point of giving up totally, but later I gained confidence again with the help of my teacher. 5. (drive) by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. 6. (employ) in deep-earth exploration, Huang Danian barely spared time to see a doctor, leaving his cancer undetected. 7. Kunqu Opera: （acknowledge）as an elegant opera, carrying forward the tradition of ancient poetry and common speech, is of high literary value. 8. (found) in 1985 in Beijing, it is now a nation­wide organization, where the performance of the employee (evaluate) last month. 9. (inspire) by bats, researchers have developed an algorithm (算法) that uses the same trick. It measures the time it takes for sound to travel around a space and return to a sensor (传感器), then uses this information to build a picture of its surroundings. 10. China is a country rich in tea culture. (add) to the intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage (遗产) list of the UNESCO, China’s traditional tea-making became the country’s 43rd on the list. 11. Tan was admitted as a dancer by the company of San Francisco Ballet, soon after which she got (promote) to be its leading dancer. 12. Lola got (lose) when the Mejeurs were visiting a friend in Elk Grove Village in 2017. 13. White Cane Safety Day is an observance celebrated on October 14 of each year since 1964. It is a day of the White Cane, a tool that allows the visually impaired (障碍) people to travel independently and get (identify) easily. 14. Picking your cause is just like picking the work you’re (mean)to do, as I explain in my book. 15. In Chinese culture, bamboo is known as one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To Chinese people, bamboo is a symbol of strength and modesty (谦虚). It is always closely (relate) to people of positive spirits. 16. He set up a welfare (organize) ten years ago. Now, he has made a great (achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman. We all feel (inspire) by his deeds and (kind). 17. I ’m really longing to get i (参加)in the celebration to be held next Sunday. 18. A few years later, still (attract)to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. 19. (annoy) at the students who let him down again and again, John desperately took a deep breath, rose to his feet, broke into a smile and left. 20. (face) with human labor shortages during the pandemic, many restaurants and food service hubs have turned to robots and other automatic machines to fill needed roles. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。 She told me that _______________________________ for quite a few years. 2. 她说她已来过上海。 She said that _______________________________ Shanghai. 3. 我们到日本前学过一点日语。 We _______________________________ before we came to Japan. 4. 我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。 I didn't want to see the play because _______________________________. 5. 到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。 By the end of last term _______________________________. 6. 这是他第一次输掉比赛。 It was the first time _______________________________. 7. 投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。 Investment in gold _______________________________ a sure route to make money. 8. 经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。 After a short walk，we arrived at the place where _______________________________. 9. 然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。 However，a few days later，he was told that _______________________________. 10. 我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。 When I came back at midnight _______________________________. II. 使用本单元所学语法知识补全对话 (两个人在谈论旅行过程中的所见所闻) M: So: what’s next on the course of our visit? W: Well: I think we might go to see some special places in the city. 1. _______________________________(我感兴趣) going to some exhibition.   M: That’s a great idea. Which one do you want to go to? W: Well: I think 2. _______________________________ (我将高兴地看到)Calvin Klein’s exhibition. 3. _______________________________(从外面看): it looks spectacular.   M: Calvin Klein? The name sounds familiar. . . but hey: why are we driving into the shopping mall parking lot? W: That’s where the exhibition is. 4. _______________________________(给了一张免费票), I would like to visit it today.   M: Now I remember. Calvin Klein is just a fashion designer. As artists: we should explore the art and culture of the country. W: We do: but I think that the American shopping center is a good example of American art and culture. Besides: in this kind of　“museum”: 5. _______________________________(如果你被喜欢的东西所吸引), you can take the art pieces home. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 过去分词作表语和状语 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 5-4-3 目 录 过去分词作表语和状语 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 过去分词作表语和状语 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 I. 过去分词(短语)作表语 1. 过去分词(短语)作表语的位置及意义 位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。 She looked disappointed. 她看上去很失望。 We were encouraged at the news. 听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。 2. 过去分词(短语)作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词(短语)作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而谓语动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken. 杯子碎了。(系表结构) The cup was broken by Tom. 杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态) 3. 现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作表语的区别 过去分词(短语) 表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的” 现在分词(短语) 表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的” II. 过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词, 其过去分词含有被动意义, 即“人被引起某种感觉的”, 多用来指人、人的声音或表情等; 动词-ing形式表示主动意义, 即“令人有某种感觉的”, 多用来修饰物。 常用的这类词有: We were surprised at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话感到惊讶。 His words were discouraging: which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气, 使得很多人灰心丧气。 【学以致用】用所给词的适当形式填空。 (1)The ____________________ look on her face suggested that she was ____________________ by the ____________________ scene. (frighten) (2)The scene is ____________________: and I’m very ____________________ at present. (excite) (3)What he did is ____________________: so I’m ____________________ by what he did. (encourage) (4)The audience were all ____________________ to tears by the ____________________ film. (move) 【答案】 (1) frightened；frightened；frightening (2) exciting；excited (3) encouraging；encouraged (4) moved；moving III. 过去分词(短语)作状语 1. 过去分词(短语)作状语的意义 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为被动关系。 2. 过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置 (1)过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 When offered help，one often says “Thank you” or “It's kind of you”. (时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语) 如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 Greatly inspired by what he did, I joined him in helping others.(原因状语) 在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。 Visited many times, the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了很多次，但这个地方仍值得再来。 He has been preparing his paper all day long, locked in his study.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 The guest walked into the room, greeted by the host.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 (2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。 Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 淋了一场大雨，他全身湿透了。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. 他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。 【学以致用】 　写出下列句中黑体部分分别作什么状语 ①Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers. ____________________ ②Time, used correctly，is money in the bank. ____________________ ③If asked to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once. ____________________ ④Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. ____________________ ⑤When given a medical examination，you should keep calm. ____________________ 【答案】 1　 原因状语 2　 条件状语 3　 条件状语 4　 方式状语 5　 时间状语 3. 过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况 (1)过去分词(短语)在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。 Seen from the top of the mountain (＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole city looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 Encouraged by the progress he has made (＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made)，he works harder. 由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 (2)过去分词(短语)在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。 The teacher came into the classroom, followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students). 老师走进了教室，后面跟着两个学生。 (3)过去分词(短语)作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词(短语)作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。 Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求讲话，否则在会上你应该保持沉默。 (4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，过去分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假了。 【学以致用】　句型转换 ①When they were asked who had broken the vase，the children all kept silent. →_______________________________，the children all kept silent. ②If we are united，we will make our life better. →_______________________________we will make our life better. ③Although we were exhausted by the hard work，we went on with it. →_______________________________we went on with it. 【答案】 1　 When asked who had broken the vase 2　 If united, 3　 Exhausted by the hard work, 4. 现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的区别 现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。 (1)现在分词(短语)作状语时，现在分词(短语)的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词(短语)的动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词(短语)的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walking along the street，I met a friend of mine. 沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest. 完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。 (2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention，the tree could have grown better. 如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。 Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 【巧学助记】　分词作状语记忆口诀 　　分词作状语, 主语是问题。 　　前后两动作, 共用一主语。 　　主语找出后, 再来判关系。 　　主动用-ing, 被动用-ed。 分词作状语误区警示 无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词, 其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致, 则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。 If caught: the police will punish the thief. (×) If caught: the thief will be punished by the police. (√) If the thief is caught: the police will punish him. (√) 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 (1)____________________ (finish) their work: they went home to have a rest.   (2)____________________ (grow) in rich soil: these seeds can grow fast. (3)____________________ (impress) by the beautiful scenery: I forgot to go back home in time. (4)____________________ (look) out of the window: I found many children playing on the playground. 【答案】 (1) Having finished (2) Grown (3) Impressed (4) Looking 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1. Both he and I are _______________ (satisfy) with the result. 2. The news was _______________ and they were all _______________ at it.(excite) 3. We all felt _______________ at the _______________ news.(encourage) 4. When _______________ (face) with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 5. If _______________ (give) better attention, the serious accident could have been avoided. 6. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _______________ (allow) more patients to be treated. 7. _______________ (found) in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. 8. Much time _______________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 9. _______________ (absorb) in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 10. _______________ (raise)in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star. 【答案】 1. satisfied 2. exciting; excited 3. encouraged; encouraging 4. faced 5. given 6. allowing 7. Founded 8. spent 9. Absorbed 10. Raised Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 我对试验结果很满意。 I _______________________ the result of the experiment. 2. 门仍然锁着。 The door _______________________. 3. 我希望我们更多地参与到社区中来，我们的生活将变得丰富多彩。 I hope _______________________ our community and our life will be colorful. 4. 从观景台看，我们会有一个更好的视野。 _______________________ the viewing platform，we will have a better view. 5. 因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 _______________________，he didn't hear the sound. 6. 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 _______________________，this article was not so good. 7. 当被问到有关他的家庭情况时，他没有回答。 _______________________，he made no answer. 8. 由于伤得很严重，只好把他送往医院。 _______________________，he had to be taken to hospital. 9. 即使被很多人嘲笑，他仍然继续他的研究。 _______________________，he still continued his research. 10. 尽管被警告过有暴风雨，农民们仍然在田地里劳作。 _______________________，the farmers were still working in the fields. 【答案】 1. am pleased with 2. remained locked 3. we can get more involved in 4. Seen from 5. Lost in deep thought 6. Written in a hurry 7. When asked about his family 8. Seriously injured 9. Laughed at by many people 10. Warned of the storm Ⅲ. 短文语法填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1. ______________(absorb) in Scared Step by Step(《步步惊心》)，the most 2.______________(move) serial(连续剧)，many people，including some elderly people，watched it late into the night. In the serial，a maiden(少女) named Ruoxi went back to the Qing Dynasty, 3.______________(involve) in a fierce fight of Kangxi's nine sons for the throne(皇位). Ruoxi 4.______________(move) by the eighth son's warmth and concern and fell in love with him. However，after 5.______________(experience) many things，Ruoxi found that her true love was the fourth son(later was Emperor Yongzheng). 6.______________(punish) for refusing the Emperor's order to marry the 13th son，Ruoxi was sent to do hard work in the palace for ten years，7.______________(wash) thousands of clothes every day. 8.______________(realize) Ruoxi's love for him，Emperor Yongzheng swore that he would love Ruoxi forever. However，Ruoxi died several years later, 9.______________(make) Yongzheng very sad. In the end of the serial，Ruoxi came back to the modern times.10.______________(enter) a museum，she found herself painted in a picture. 【答案】 1. Absorbed 2. moving 3. involved 4. was moved 5. experiencing 6. Punished 7. washing 8. Realizing 9. making 10. Entering 能力提升 突破考点 一、单句语法填空 1. (base) on the well-known work of classical Chinese mythology(神话) The Investiture of the Gods, Ne Zha is shown as rebellious(反抗的)underdog, who has to overcome hardship and his dark fate to become a hero: (like) his attractive heroic character in previous cinematic works. 2. (compare) with most biopic (传记片) productions that tend to document the whole life of the featured individual, this series focuses specifically on the individuals’ most shining moments. 3. (direct) by Chris Sanders, the film The Call of the Wild follows a dog named Buck as he is stolen from his home in California and sent to the Yukon, where he befriends an old outdoorsman and begins a life-altering adventure. 4. (frustrate) by frequent failures in my English exams, I found myself on the point of giving up totally, but later I gained confidence again with the help of my teacher. 5. (drive) by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. 6. (employ) in deep-earth exploration, Huang Danian barely spared time to see a doctor, leaving his cancer undetected. 7. Kunqu Opera: （acknowledge）as an elegant opera, carrying forward the tradition of ancient poetry and common speech, is of high literary value. 8. (found) in 1985 in Beijing, it is now a nation­wide organization, where the performance of the employee (evaluate) last month. 9. (inspire) by bats, researchers have developed an algorithm (算法) that uses the same trick. It measures the time it takes for sound to travel around a space and return to a sensor (传感器), then uses this information to build a picture of its surroundings. 10. China is a country rich in tea culture. (add) to the intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage (遗产) list of the UNESCO, China’s traditional tea-making became the country’s 43rd on the list. 11. Tan was admitted as a dancer by the company of San Francisco Ballet, soon after which she got (promote) to be its leading dancer. 12. Lola got (lose) when the Mejeurs were visiting a friend in Elk Grove Village in 2017. 13. White Cane Safety Day is an observance celebrated on October 14 of each year since 1964. It is a day of the White Cane, a tool that allows the visually impaired (障碍) people to travel independently and get (identify) easily. 14. Picking your cause is just like picking the work you’re (mean)to do, as I explain in my book. 15. In Chinese culture, bamboo is known as one of the “four gentlemen” in plants. To Chinese people, bamboo is a symbol of strength and modesty (谦虚). It is always closely (relate) to people of positive spirits. 16. He set up a welfare (organize) ten years ago. Now, he has made a great (achieve) and he is also a respectable businessman. We all feel (inspire) by his deeds and (kind). 17. I ’m really longing to get i (参加)in the celebration to be held next Sunday. 18. A few years later, still (attract)to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. 19. (annoy) at the students who let him down again and again, John desperately took a deep breath, rose to his feet, broke into a smile and left. 20. (face) with human labor shortages during the pandemic, many restaurants and food service hubs have turned to robots and other automatic machines to fill needed roles. 【答案】 1. Based unlike: 考查非谓语动词及介词。句意：根据中国古典神话的著名作品《封神英雄榜》改编，哪吒被描绘成不被看好的反抗者，他不得不克服困难和黑暗的命运才能成为英雄，这与他之前电影作品中惹人喜爱的英雄角色不同。根据句意及谓语动词is可知，第一空应填非谓语动词。主语Ne Zha与base是动宾关系，故用过去分词based，位于句首，开头字母大写，故第一空填Based。根据句意及句子结构可知，第二空表示“与他之前电影作品不同”，故填介词unlike。故答案为①Based；②unlike。 2. Compared: 考查非谓语动词。句意：与大多数倾向于记录个人一生的传记片相比，这个系列特别关注个人最闪耀的时刻。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子已有谓语动词focuses，此处需填非谓语动词，动词和被修饰的句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动。故填Compared。 3. Directed: 考查非谓语动词。句意：由克里斯·桑德斯执导的电影《野性的呼唤》讲述了一只名叫巴克的狗从加州的家中被偷走并被送到育空地区，在那里他与一位老户外运动者成为朋友，开始了一场改变生活的冒险。分析句子结构可知direct与逻辑主语film构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Directed。 4. Frustrated　: 考查过去分词。句意： 英语考试中一次又一次的失败让我感到灰心丧气，我差一点完全放弃，但后来在老师的帮助下我又重获了信心。设空处是非谓语动词作状语，frustrate与I是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Frustrated。 5. Driven: 考查非谓语动词。句意：在使命感的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，捍卫国家荣誉。分析句子可知，空处作状语，逻辑主语a great many“许多人”与drive“驱使”构成逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填Driven。 6. Employed: 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为从事于深海勘探，黄大年几乎没有时间去看医生，以致他的癌症没有被发现。spared是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作原因状语，be employed in从事于，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填Employed。 7. acknowledged: 考查非谓语动词。句意：昆曲被认为是一种优雅的戏剧，它弘扬了古代诗歌传统和通俗语言，具有很高的文学价值。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的逻辑主语Kunqu Opera之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式。故填acknowledged。 8. Founded was evaluated: 考查非谓语动词和时态语态。句意：它于1985年在北京成立，现在是一个全国性的组织，上个月对员工的表现进行了评估。分析可知，逗号前部分为状语，found为非谓语动词，和逻辑主语it（指代一个组织）是被动关系，且动作已经完成，应用过去分词；第二空为定语从句的谓语动词，主语performance和evaluate之间为被动关系，结合时间状语last month可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是the performance，谓语动词用单数。故填Founded；was evaluated。 9. Inspired: 考查过去分词。句意：受蝙蝠的启发，研究人员开发了一种使用相同技巧的算法。它测量声音在空间中传播并返回传感器所需的时间，然后利用这些信息构建周围环境的图像。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，inspire与逻辑主语researchers之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式inspired，因位于句首，所以首字母需大写。故填Inspired。 10. Added/Having been added: 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国是一个茶文化丰富的国家。中国传统茶艺已被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录，成为中国第43项列入该名录的文化遗产。非谓语动词担当状语，主语“China’s traditional tea-making”和动词“add”之间为逻辑被动关系，可用过去分词形式。也可表示发生在谓语动词之前，用现在分词的完成被动式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Added/Having been added。 11. promoted: 考查过去分词。句意：Tan作为舞蹈演员被旧金山芭蕾舞团录取，不久之后她被提升为首席舞蹈家。promote和主语she是被动关系，get done结构表示“动作被完成”，是一种特殊的被动语态，此处表示“她被升职”，故用过去分词。故填promoted。 12. lost: 考查过去分词用法。句意： 2017年，Mejeurs夫妇在埃尔克格罗夫村拜访朋友时，Lola迷路了。get done结构可表示被动意义，也可以是系表结构。此处 got 为系动词，后接过去分词作表语， get lost “迷路”为固定搭配， 故填lost。 13. identified: 考查非谓语动词。句意：自1964年以来，每年的10月14日是“国际盲人节”。它是一个属于白手杖的日子，白色手杖是一种可以让视力受损的人独立旅行，并且很容易被认出来的工具。分析句子可知，空处放在get后作表语，the visually impaired people与identify构成逻辑上的被动关系，表示“被认出”，用过去分词作表语。故填identified。 14. meant: 考查固定短语。句意：正如我在书中解释的那样，选择你的事业就像选择你原本想做的工作一样。结合句意及空前的are可知应填过去分词meant 的形式，作表语，be meant to do sth.意为“打算做某事，有意要做某事；照道理应该……”，固定搭配。故填meant。 15. related: 考查过去分词。句意：在中国文化中，竹子被称为植物界的“四君子”之一。对中国人来说，竹子是力量和谦逊的象征。它总是与具有积极精神的人密切相关。be related to与……有关，固定短语，故填related。 16. organization achievement inspired kindness: 考查名词及非谓语动词。句意：他十年前成立了一个福利组织。现在，他已经取得了很大的成就，他也是一个受人尊敬的商人。我们都被他的行为和善良所鼓舞。根据句意及所给句子可知，第一空应用作set up的宾语，应用名词organization“组织”，由空前不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式；第二空作made的宾语，应用名词achievement“成就”，由空前不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式；第三空作feel的表语，修饰主语we的感情，由空后by可知，应用过去分词inspired，表示“被鼓舞的”；第四空与空前deeds并列，作介词by的宾语，应用名词kindness“善良”，不可数名词。故填①organization；②achievement；③inspired；④kindness。 17. involved: 考查非谓语动词。句意：我真的很想参加下星期天举行的庆祝活动。get involved in为固定短语，意为“涉及、卷入、参与”，其结构为get+过去分词。故填involved。 18. attracted: 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年后，他仍然被这个国家所吸引，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。分析句子，句中return为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。同时，逻辑主语he与attract之间为被动关系，故要用过去分词作状语。故填attracted。 19. Annoyed: 考查非谓语。句意：约翰对那些一次又一次让他失望的学生感到恼火，绝望地深吸一口气，站起身来，笑着离开了。分析句子可知，设空处填非谓语，annoy和主语John是被动关系，用过去分词形式做状语。故填Annoyed。 20. Faced: 考查非谓语动词。句意：面对疫情期间人力短缺的问题，许多餐厅和餐饮服务中心已经转向使用机器人和其他自动化机器来填补所需岗位。由所给的动词face和空格后的with可知，此处考查的是短语be faced with（面对，面临）；分析句子成分可知，空格处填非谓语形式，此处省略be，用去分词作状语。故填Faced。 Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。 She told me that _______________________________ for quite a few years. 2. 她说她已来过上海。 She said that _______________________________ Shanghai. 3. 我们到日本前学过一点日语。 We _______________________________ before we came to Japan. 4. 我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。 I didn't want to see the play because _______________________________. 5. 到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。 By the end of last term _______________________________. 6. 这是他第一次输掉比赛。 It was the first time _______________________________. 7. 投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。 Investment in gold _______________________________ a sure route to make money. 8. 经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。 After a short walk，we arrived at the place where _______________________________. 9. 然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。 However，a few days later，he was told that _______________________________. 10. 我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。 When I came back at midnight _______________________________. 【答案】 1. she had been an air hostess 2. she had been to 3. had studied a little Japanese 4. I had already seen it 5. we had read ten short stories 6. he had lost the game 7. has been seen as 8. the body had been found 9. a mistake had been made 10. she still hadn't finished the work II. 使用本单元所学语法知识补全对话 (两个人在谈论旅行过程中的所见所闻) M: So: what’s next on the course of our visit? W: Well: I think we might go to see some special places in the city. 1. _______________________________(我感兴趣) going to some exhibition.   M: That’s a great idea. Which one do you want to go to? W: Well: I think 2. _______________________________ (我将高兴地看到)Calvin Klein’s exhibition. 3. _______________________________(从外面看): it looks spectacular.   M: Calvin Klein? The name sounds familiar. . . but hey: why are we driving into the shopping mall parking lot? W: That’s where the exhibition is. 4. _______________________________(给了一张免费票), I would like to visit it today.   M: Now I remember. Calvin Klein is just a fashion designer. As artists: we should explore the art and culture of the country. W: We do: but I think that the American shopping center is a good example of American art and culture. Besides: in this kind of　“museum”: 5. _______________________________(如果你被喜欢的东西所吸引), you can take the art pieces home. 【答案】 1. I’m interested in 2. I’ll be delighted to see 3. Seen from the outside 4. Given a free ticket 5. if attracted to something you like 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$