Unit 3 过去完成时及其被动语态 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版2019高二英语选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 过去完成时及其被动语态 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 学生版 5-3-3 目 录 过去完成时及其被动语态 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 I. 过去完成时基本构成 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。 主动语态 被动语态 肯定形式 had done had been done 否定形式 had not done had not been done 一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done 基本结构：had＋动词过去分词 1. 肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier this week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 2. 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her. 那时我们还没有见到她。 3. 疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before? ——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No，I hadn't. ——是，我参观过。/没有，我以前没有参观过。 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here? 你来这里前还去过哪儿？ 5. 被动语态：主语＋had (not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done. 到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①He ______________(work) in the store for five years before he moved here. ②When I got to the station，the train ______________ (leave). ③The task ______________ (finish) before 12：00 yesterday. They had cleaned the classroom before the teacher came. →______________________________________________________________(变为被动语态) She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. →______________________________________________________________ (变为否定句) →__________________________________________________________________ (变为一般疑问句) →____________________________________________________________________(对句中主语she提问) II. 基本用法 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3. 叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lessons. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 5. 过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，他努力提高他的英语水平。 7. 动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that). ..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①We ______________(build) five new buildings by the end of last year. ②I could see from her face that she ______________(receive) some good news. ③He said he ______________(be) there before. ④We realized we ______________(lose) our way. ⑤We ______________(hope) that you would be able to visit us. III. 与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 比较：I have learned 1，000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 —I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ——对不起，让你久等了。 —Oh，not at all.I have been here only a few minutes. ——没什么，我只等了几分钟。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①The concert ______________ (start). We have to look for our seats in the dark. ②You're too late；the train ______________ (leave). ③He ______________ (teach) English for twenty years when he retired. ④They ______________ (get) everything ready before I came. IV. 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：Had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2. 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 [名师点津] 过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 例如：This polluted river has been cleaned. 这条被污染了的河流已被净化。 析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。 例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他说这本书已被译成日语。 析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①The earthquake ___________ (predict) several days before. ②The device ___________ (use) operationally some months previously. ③Our classroom ___________ (clean). You needn't clean it now. ④The child ___________ (take) care of by grandma all these years. 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句填空 1. I wish she _________________（take）the medicine last night. 2. He couldn’t enter the house, for he _________________（leave） his key at school. 3. No sooner _________________（get）home than I told him the inspiring news. 4. We first met on a train in 2010. We both felt that we _________________（know） each other for years. 5. My classmate said he _________________（give）the book to the English teacher. 6. They _________________（learn）about 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 7. He said he would go to see the play, although he _________________（see）it before. 8. By the time he was twelve, Edison _________________（begin）to make a living by himself. 9. The test question will be spoken just one time, you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker _________________（say）. 10. —Where did you go on holiday? —I _________________（hope）to go to Hawaii, but I didn’t catch the plane on time. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。 The moment I got home, I found _________________ in the playground. 2. ——你寄包裹了吗？ ——还没有，当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。 —Have you sent the parcel? —Not yet. _________________ when I got there. 3. 一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就马上告诉了母亲。 Upon hearing the news that I _________________ in the activity, I informed my mum of it at once. 4. 战争爆发时他在那儿住了半个世纪。 He _________________ when the war broke out. 5. 那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。 That was not the first time that _________________ Ⅲ. 语法填空 In February this year, it was the first time I 1. __________（visit） the Palace Museum. Hardly I 2.__________（arrive）there when it 3.__________（begin） to rain. Unluckily, the museum 4. __________（close） when we 5. __________（arrive）at the gate, so we had to go there again the next day. By the time I 6. __________（leave） Beijing, I 7. __________（visit）almost all the famous places of interest. My uncle 8. __________（visit） it many times already, and he was very glad to be my guide. He 9. __________（be） to New York earlier in the week. He said if he 10. __________（have） enough money, he would have been there much earlier. It was a fantastic place. 能力提升 突破考点 I. 单句语法填空 1． By the time Henry was 12 years old, he ________(collect) more than a thousand stamps. 2． It was the first time that she ________ (leave) China. 3． When they got to the theatre, the performance ______ (begin) already. 4. I was lucky because that was the second time that I _______________ (visit) Russia. 5. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he _______ (make) some serious mistakes. 6. He seemed confidence, although he ________(have) failed his first road test. 7. I _______(have) written many compositions before that but none of them had been chosen to be read before the class. 8. The boy rushed in the house and told his mother in an excited voice that the hen ________ (lay) an egg just now. 9. It was the first time that China’s lecture______(deliver) from the orbiting Chinese Space Station. 10. The aircraft _________(plan) to arrive in Beijing on March 8, 2014, but it didn’t. 11. If he ________ (slip) and fallen, he would have died. 12. By about 6,000 BC, people ________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 13. It was the first time that she___________(chat)online in English. 14. By the time she got to the school, the first lesson________________(start). 15. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _________(do) for me. 16. By that time, the fire ________ (extend) to the 15th floor. 17. This was the first time that I ________ (come)to your hometown. 18. He________(hardly hang)the picture on the wall when it fell down. 19. I met Tom yesterday. We________(not see)each other since he went to Beijing. 20. By the time he was 30, he ________(regard) as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age. II. 完成句子 1. 她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。 She told me that _______________________________ for quite a few years. 2. 她说她已来过上海。 She said that _______________________________ Shanghai. 3. 我们到日本前学过一点日语。 We _______________________________ before we came to Japan. 4. 我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。 I didn't want to see the play because _______________________________. 5. 到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。 By the end of last term _______________________________. 6. 这是他第一次输掉比赛。 It was the first time _______________________________. 7. 投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。 Investment in gold _______________________________ a sure route to make money. 8. 经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。 After a short walk，we arrived at the place where _______________________________. 9. 然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。 However，a few days later，he was told that _______________________________. 10. 我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。 When I came back at midnight _______________________________. III. 根据语境和所给词汇, 用本单元所学的时态填空 　　Our school was built in 1902. When I studied there, it 1. ______________ (be)famous throughout the country. By 1978, the school’s use 2. ______________ (change) several times. By the end of last century, our school 3. ______________ (become) a provincial model high school. When I graduated, our school 4. ______________ (win) many honors both at home and abroad. Before last year’s anniversary of the founding of our school, all the school buildings 5. ______________ (rebuild) and it is now larger and more beautiful than before. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 过去完成时及其被动语态 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 5-3-3 目 录 过去完成时及其被动语态 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 过去完成时与过去完成时的被动语态 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 I. 过去完成时基本构成 表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果，用来指在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的事件。在英语时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果。由“had＋过去分词”构成。 主动语态 被动语态 肯定形式 had done had been done 否定形式 had not done had not been done 一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done 特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done 基本结构：had＋动词过去分词 1. 肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier this week. 本周早些时候他去过纽约。 2. 否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her. 那时我们还没有见到她。 3. 疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before? ——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No，I hadn't. ——是，我参观过。/没有，我以前没有参观过。 4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here? 你来这里前还去过哪儿？ 5. 被动语态：主语＋had (not)＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 By the end of last year all the preparatory work had been done. 到去年底为止，所有的准备工作都完成了。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①He ______________(work) in the store for five years before he moved here. ②When I got to the station，the train ______________ (leave). ③The task ______________ (finish) before 12：00 yesterday. They had cleaned the classroom before the teacher came. →______________________________________________________________(变为被动语态) She had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. →______________________________________________________________ (变为否定句) →__________________________________________________________________ (变为一般疑问句) →____________________________________________________________________(对句中主语she提问) 【答案】 1　 had worked 2　 had left 3　 had been finished 4　 The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came. 5　 She had not finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning. 6　 Had she finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning? 7　 Who had finished writing the composition by 10：00 this morning？ II. 基本用法 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 3. 叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 Mr.Smith died yesterday.He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lessons. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 5. 过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 6. 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。 When I woke up，it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，他努力提高他的英语水平。 7. 动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。 They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that). ..等固定句型中。 Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year. 这是他那一年第三次失业了。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①We ______________(build) five new buildings by the end of last year. ②I could see from her face that she ______________(receive) some good news. ③He said he ______________(be) there before. ④We realized we ______________(lose) our way. ⑤We ______________(hope) that you would be able to visit us. 【答案】 1　 had built 2　 had received 3　 had been 4　 had lost 5　 had hoped III. 与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以now的时间为基点，但侧重对now产生的结果或造成的影响；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 比较：I have learned 1，000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 I had learned 1，000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。 —I'm sorry to keep you waiting. ——对不起，让你久等了。 —Oh，not at all.I have been here only a few minutes. ——没什么，我只等了几分钟。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①The concert ______________ (start). We have to look for our seats in the dark. ②You're too late；the train ______________ (leave). ③He ______________ (teach) English for twenty years when he retired. ④They ______________ (get) everything ready before I came. 【答案】 1　 has started 2　 has left 3　 had taught 4　 had got IV. 过去完成时的被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时态和被动语态的结合。表示过去某一时间以前已经被完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。由“had＋been＋过去分词”构成。 1. 过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式 (1)肯定结构：主语＋ had been done ＋其他成分。 (2)否定结构：主语＋ had not been done ＋其他成分。 (3)疑问句结构：Had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 疑问词＋ had ＋主语＋ been done ＋其他成分？ 2. 过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下三种情况 (1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished. 当他到达学校时，第一节课已经结束了。 The classroom hadn't been cleaned before the teacher came. 老师来之前，教室还没有打扫过。 How many buildings had been destroyed when the earthquake ended? 地震结束时有多少建筑物被毁？ (2)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet. 任务完成后，他继续上网搜索。 He did what he had been told to. 他做了别人叫他做的事。 (3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。 They said the production costs had been reduced. 他们说生产成本已经降低了。 The girl was reminded that her homework had not been handed in. 那个女孩被提醒她的家庭作业还没有交。 The media reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 媒体报道有1 000多人在地震中丧生。 [名师点津] 过去完成时被动语态与现在完成时被动语态用法区别：现在完成时被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 例如：This polluted river has been cleaned. 这条被污染了的河流已被净化。 析：该句表示到现在为止这条河流已被净化。 例如：He said this book had been translated into Japanese. 他说这本书已被译成日语。 析：该句表示到他说话时所体现的时间为止这本书已被译成日语。 【学以致用】　单句语法填空 ①The earthquake ___________ (predict) several days before. ②The device ___________ (use) operationally some months previously. ③Our classroom ___________ (clean). You needn't clean it now. ④The child ___________ (take) care of by grandma all these years. 【答案】 1　 had been predicted 2　 had been used 3　 has been cleaned 4　 has been taken 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句填空 1. I wish she _________________（take）the medicine last night. 2. He couldn’t enter the house, for he _________________（leave） his key at school. 3. No sooner _________________（get）home than I told him the inspiring news. 4. We first met on a train in 2010. We both felt that we _________________（know） each other for years. 5. My classmate said he _________________（give）the book to the English teacher. 6. They _________________（learn）about 2,000 English words by the end of last term. 7. He said he would go to see the play, although he _________________（see）it before. 8. By the time he was twelve, Edison _________________（begin）to make a living by himself. 9. The test question will be spoken just one time, you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker _________________（say）. 10. —Where did you go on holiday? —I _________________（hope）to go to Hawaii, but I didn’t catch the plane on time. 【答案】 1． had taken 2． had left 3． had he got 4． had known 5． had given 6． had learnt 7． had seen 8． had begun 9． has said 10． had hoped Ⅱ. 完成句子 1. 我一到家就发现我的夹克衫忘在操场上了。 The moment I got home, I found _________________ in the playground. 2. ——你寄包裹了吗？ ——还没有，当我到那儿时邮局已经关门了。 —Have you sent the parcel? —Not yet. _________________ when I got there. 3. 一听到我被允许参加这次活动的消息，我就马上告诉了母亲。 Upon hearing the news that I _________________ in the activity, I informed my mum of it at once. 4. 战争爆发时他在那儿住了半个世纪。 He _________________ when the war broke out. 5. 那不是他第一次向我们撒谎了。 That was not the first time that _________________ 【答案】 1． .I had left my jacket 2． The post office had already been closed 3． had been allowed to take part 4． had lived there for half a century 5． he had lied to us Ⅲ. 语法填空 In February this year, it was the first time I 1. （visit） the Palace Museum. Hardly I 2. （arrive）there when it 3. （begin） to rain. Unluckily, the museum 4. （close） when we 5. （arrive）at the gate, so we had to go there again the next day. By the time I 6. （leave） Beijing, I 7. （visit）almost all the famous places of interest. My uncle 8. （visit） it many times already, and he was very glad to be my guide. He 9. （be） to New York earlier in the week. He said if he 10. （have） enough money, he would have been there much earlier. It was a fantastic place. 【答案】 1. had visited 2. had arrived 3. began 4. had been closed 5. arrived 6. left 7. had visited 8. had visited 9. had already been 10. had had 能力提升 突破考点 I. 单句语法填空 1． By the time Henry was 12 years old, he ________(collect) more than a thousand stamps. 2． It was the first time that she ________ (leave) China. 3． When they got to the theatre, the performance ______ (begin) already. 4. I was lucky because that was the second time that I _______________ (visit) Russia. 5. Alan Greenspan, once reported as a financial god, had to admit that he _______ (make) some serious mistakes. 6. He seemed confidence, although he ________(have) failed his first road test. 7. I _______(have) written many compositions before that but none of them had been chosen to be read before the class. 8. The boy rushed in the house and told his mother in an excited voice that the hen ________ (lay) an egg just now. 9. It was the first time that China’s lecture______(deliver) from the orbiting Chinese Space Station. 10. The aircraft _________(plan) to arrive in Beijing on March 8, 2014, but it didn’t. 11. If he ________ (slip) and fallen, he would have died. 12. By about 6,000 BC, people ________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 13. It was the first time that she___________(chat)online in English. 14. By the time she got to the school, the first lesson________________(start). 15. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _________(do) for me. 16. By that time, the fire ________ (extend) to the 15th floor. 17. This was the first time that I ________ (come)to your hometown. 18. He________(hardly hang)the picture on the wall when it fell down. 19. I met Tom yesterday. We________(not see)each other since he went to Beijing. 20. By the time he was 30, he ________(regard) as one of the outstanding sculptors of the age. 【答案】 1. had collected；考查过去完成时。句意：到亨利12岁时，他已经收集了一千多张邮票。根据时间状语By the time Henry was 12 years old可知，空处谓语动词应用过去完成时had collected，表示过去某一时间前就已经发生或完成了的动作，对过去的某一点造成的某种影响或是结果。故填had collected。 2. had left；考查时态和固定句型。句意：这是她第一次离开中国。It was the first time that sb. had done是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，因此空格处是had left，故填had left。 3. had begun；考查过去完成时。句意：当他们到达剧院时，演出已经开始了。根据句意及“When they got to the theatre”可知，“他们到达剧院”是发生在过去的事情，“演出开始”是在此之前，即发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had begun。 4. had visited；考查动词时态。句意：我很幸运因为那是我第二次拜访俄罗斯了。根据固定句型“It was the+序数词+…time that sb. had done”可知，这里要使用过去完成时态，故填had visited。 5. had made；考查动词时态。句意：曾经被报道为金融之神的艾伦·格林斯潘不得不承认他之前也犯过一些严重的错误。结合句意可知，make这一动作发生在had to admit之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had made。 6. had；考查动词时态。句意：虽然他的第一次路考失败了，但他似乎很有信心。分析句子可知，设空处在句中和后面的failed一起作谓语；根据句意可知，fail这一动作发生在seemed之前，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时had done结构。故填had。 7. had；考查动词时态。句意：在此之前，我写过很多作文，但没有一篇被选为课前阅读。分析句子可知，此处是一个but连接的并列句，前后谓语动词时态保持一致。根据后面的谓语动词had been chosen可知，此处应用过去完成时had done结构。故填had。 8. had laid；考查过去完成时。句意：男孩冲进屋子，激动地告诉他妈妈母鸡刚才下了一个蛋。空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语部分，主句用的是一般过去时，结合从句中“just now”可知，lay表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词told之前，即发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had laid。 9. had been delivered；考查动词时态和语态。句意：这是中国的演讲首次在中国轨道空间站进行。分析句子可知，此处考查固定句型“It was the first time that...”意为“这是第一次……”，该句型中从句要用过去完成时，即had done结构，分析句子可知，空处在此处作谓语，与主语之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been delivered。 10. had planned；考查动词时态。句意：这架飞机原计划在2014年3月8日抵达北京，但最终没有抵达。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作谓语，应用动词；结合句意及后面的谓语动词didn’t可知，此处didn’t已经是过去发生的事，而plan应该是发生在didn’t之前的事，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时had done结构。故填had planned。 11. had slipped；考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他滑倒了，他会死的。由would have died和句意可知，句子是虚拟语气，且表示与过去相反的事实，if从句中时态用过去完成时，故填had slipped。 12. had discovered；考查时态。句意：大约在公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。“by＋过去时间”意为“到……为止”，表示“过去的过去”。后面的句子应用过去完成时，且主语和提示词之间是“主动关系”。故填had discovered。 13. had chatted；考查时态和固定句型。句意：这是她第一次用英语在网上聊天。It is the first time + that 从句，从句要用现在完成时； It was the first time + that从句，从句要用过去完成时，故填had chatted。 14. had started；考查时态。句意：当她到达学校时，第一节课已经开始了。由“By the time she got to the school”可知，句子时态用过去完成时，空格处用had done，故填had started。 15. had done；考查时态。句意：我花了很长时间才完全理解他们为我所做的一切。从句的动作发生主句过去动作之前，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填had done。 16. had extended；考查时态。句意：那时，大火已经蔓延到15楼。根据时间状语By that time可知，用过去完成时态。根据句意，故填had extended。 17. had come；考查时态。句意：这是我第一次来你的家乡。此处为句型this/it was the first time that+过去完成时。故填had come。 18. had hardly hung；考查固定句式及时态。句意：他刚一把照片挂在墙上，照片就掉了下来。固定句式 hardly... when... 是含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，意思为：一……就……。在这个句式中，when后面的从句用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句之前，要用过去完成时，hardly放在had done的中间。故答案为had hardly hung。 19. had not seen；考查动词时态。句意：我昨天遇到了汤姆。自从他去北京后，我们就没有见过面。根据“met Tom yesterday”和“since he went to Beijing”可知，此处用过去完成时态，故填had not seen。 20. had been regarded；考查动词。句意：到30岁时，他被认为是那个时代杰出的雕塑家之一。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中的by the time he was 30为过去完成时的时间标志，即表示动作发生在过去的过去。同时he与regard之间为被动关系，故使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been regarded。 II. 完成句子 1. 她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。 She told me that _______________________________ for quite a few years. 2. 她说她已来过上海。 She said that _______________________________ Shanghai. 3. 我们到日本前学过一点日语。 We _______________________________ before we came to Japan. 4. 我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。 I didn't want to see the play because _______________________________. 5. 到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。 By the end of last term _______________________________. 6. 这是他第一次输掉比赛。 It was the first time _______________________________. 7. 投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。 Investment in gold _______________________________ a sure route to make money. 8. 经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。 After a short walk，we arrived at the place where _______________________________. 9. 然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。 However，a few days later，he was told that _______________________________. 10. 我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。 When I came back at midnight _______________________________. 【答案】 1． she had been an air hostess 2． she had been to 3． had studied a little Japanese 4． I had already seen it 5． we had read ten short stories 6． he had lost the game 7． has been seen as 8． the body had been found 9． a mistake had been made 10． she still hadn't finished the work III. 根据语境和所给词汇, 用本单元所学的时态填空 　　Our school was built in 1902. When I studied there, it 1. ______________ (be)famous throughout the country. By 1978, the school’s use 2. ______________ (change) several times. By the end of last century, our school 3. ______________ (become) a provincial model high school. When I graduated, our school 4. ______________ (win) many honors both at home and abroad. Before last year’s anniversary of the founding of our school, all the school buildings 5. ______________ (rebuild) and it is now larger and more beautiful than before. 【答案】 1． had been 2． had changed 3． had become 4． had won 5． had been rebuilt 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$