Unit 2 名词性从句 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版2019高二英语选择性必修第二册

Unit 2 名词性从句 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 5-2-3 目 录 复习名词性从句 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 复习名词性从句 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。 连接词 词形 词义 在从句中所作的成分 连词 that × × if/whether 是否 × 连接代词 who(ever) (无论)谁(主格) 主语、表语、宾语 whom(ever) (无论)谁(宾格) 表语、宾语 whose(ever) (无论)谁的(所有格) 定语 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪个 主语、宾语、定语 连接副词 when(ever) (无论)什么时候 状语 where(ever) (无论)在哪里 状语 how(ever) (无论)怎样，怎么 状语 why 为什么 状语 I. 主语从句(subject clause) 1. 在复合句中充当主语的从句称之为主语从句, 一般置于句首。 主语从句引导词有: 从属连词 that, whether, if等 只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等 连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语 (1)连词that和whether, 在主语从句中只起连接作用, 不充当任何成分。 (2)连接代词who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。 (3)连接副词when, where, how, why, 在主语从句中作状语。 That he worked out the complex problem astonished other students. 他解决了这个复杂的题目让其他同学感到惊讶。 When the exam of qualification will be held hasn’t been decided. 资格考试什么时候举行还没决定。 Whether he will participate in this campus art festival isn’t clear.   他是否参加这次校园艺术节还不清楚。 What worried the old couple was that their children got involved in the crime.   令这对老夫妇担忧的是他们的孩子参与了这次犯罪。 Whatever happens you may be quite sure that I will not blame you. 不管发生什么事, 你可以确信我不会责备你。 2. 为了防止句子头重脚轻, 通常把形式主语it放在句首位置, 真正主语置于句末。it作形式主语的常见句型有: (1)It is a (fact, pity, question, wonder, good thing, surprise ) that. . . (2)It is necessary (important, strange, natural, etc. ) that sb. should do表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气。 (3)It is said (expected, believed, thought, hoped, known, reported, estimated, required. . . )that. . . (4)It seems(happened/appears/doesn’t matter /makes no difference /occurred. . . )that. . . It is well known to all of us that the trees can’t grow without sunlight and water. 众所周知, 树木生长离不开阳光和水。 It is said that the new adaptation will come out next year . 据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。 It has yet been decided when the tutor will come to give us a speech.   这个导师什么时候来给我们做演讲还没定下来。 【名师点津】that引导主语从句的省略原则 连词that 的省略原则: 若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首, 则that不能省略; 若使用了形式主语it, 则that有时可以省略。例如: That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省) It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省) 【学以致用】语法填空 ①________________ she has became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. ②________________ he can get a nursing qualification remains to be seen. ③________________ will happen in the world is difficult to predict. ④________________ will take the place of our original headmaster hasn’t been decided yet. ________________ next week is being discussed.   我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。 ________________ the chance of studying abroad is unknown.   他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。 ________________ is not clear to anyone.   这事怎样发生的, 谁也不清楚。 II. 宾语从句(object clause) 1. 定义: 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语, 也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。 从属连词 that, whether, if等 只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等 连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语 It is foolish to believe that one’s race and civilization are superior to others. 认为自己的人种和文明高人一等是愚蠢的。 But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. 但一旦我们认识并喜欢上了他们, 我们就会想, 如果我们错过了这个机会, 那将是多么可怕的事情。 I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 我不知道我和不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。 I don’t know whether he can win back the belief of the teacher. 我不知道他是否能赢回老师的信任。 2. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. 在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变得越来越重, 而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。 【名师点津】 宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略: ①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省; ②在动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略 I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time. (第二个that不能省) 我相信你会遵守诺言, 准时出现在晚会上。 3. whether/if引导的宾语从句。 whether/if在从句中不充当成分, 但是有“是否”之意, 从句要用陈述语序。 【名师点津】 只用whether不用if引导宾语从句 　　在宾语从句中, 引导词whether和if基本一样, 但下面两种情况只能使用whether: ①引导介词后的宾语从句时; ②和or not一起连用时。 【学以致用】 1　 I truly believe ______________ beauty comes from within. 2　 The old woman asked me ______________ I knew the way to the hospital.   3　 John said ______________ he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 4　 You will question ______________ the voice you’re hearing is actually real. 4. 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。 Is there anything wrong in what I said? 我所说的有错误之处吗? We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 我们许诺, 任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。 It was a long road to get where Yan Ning is now. 颜宁花了很长时间, 才有了今天的成就。 【学以致用】 (1)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______________ she was heading. (2)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ______________ is below the water surface. (3)The exhibition tells us ______________ we should do something to stop air pollution. 5. 在insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后, that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”, 表示虚拟。 The doctor suggested that I stay in bed for three days. 医生建议我卧床三天。 He insisted that we stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta. 他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。 【巧学助记】 后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀: “一二三四” 一个坚持(insist); 两个命令(order, command); 三条建议(advise, suggest, recommend); 四项要求(demand, desire, require, request) 【学以致用】 (1)He _______________________.   他坚持要我看他的信。 (2)I advise ____________ you ___________ your coach ___________ your ___________ and __________. 我建议你应该向你的教练咨询一下你的优缺点。 (3) He recommended that ______________.   他建议她做一些研究。 III. 表语从句(predicative clause ) 1. 表语从句放在连系动词之后, 充当复合句中的表语。 表语从句的引导词有: 从属连词 that, whether等 只起连接作用，不在句中作任何成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等 连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语 (1)从属连词: that, whether, as though, as if, why, because 不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用 (2)连接代词: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语 (3)连接副词: when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever在表语从句中充当状语 The trouble is that Henry has no qualifications to teach college students. 麻烦的是亨利不具备教大学生的资格。 The point at issue is whether we go to the party. 争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 我们最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。 2. 系动词be, appear, seem, look, remain等之后可以跟表语从句。 It seemed as if he had known the fact already. 他好像早已知道这件事了。 It appears that some missiles have been moved. 一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。 It looks as if she had just come back from outer space. 她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来。 【名师点津】表语从句四点易错提醒 (1)表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 (2)不可以用if, 而用whether 引导表语从句。 (3)that在表语从句中不可以省略。 (4)主句主语是reason时, 表语从句要用that引导, 不可用because。 【学以致用】(1)语法填空 ①The most complex problem is ________________ he can’t find enough experienced players to engage in the game.   ②The reason why I’m calling you is ________________ I want to invite you to my birthday party. ③All she’s worried about is ________________ his son has the qualification to participate in activity.   ④This is ________________ we have been looking forward to for years. ⑤ He has heart disease. That is ________________ he has been smoking too much. The problem is ________________ this shop.   问题是谁将接管这家店铺。 That is ________________ journalism.   那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。 IV. 同位语从句 　　同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面, 用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word(消息)等。 【名师点津】同位语从句和定语从句的区别 定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的说明, 属于名词性从句的范畴。 The news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, 关系代词that指代news, 在从句中作told的宾语) (2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 科学家已经获得更多证据, 塑料正在进入人们的体内。 【学以致用】 (1)语法填空 ①The opinion ________________ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. ②The idea ________________ the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here. He often asked me the question _________________________________________________.   他经常问我为什么这项工作值得做。 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．There is no doubt _____________ he will succeed in time. 2．We can't solve the problem _____________ we can travel faster than light. 3．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing _____________ you're afraid to do. 4．Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _____________ he was most needed. 5．It is reported _____________ the government is going to close the factory. 6．_____________ surprises me most is that he is too vain. 7．_____________ Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy. 8．You may depend on it _____________ I shall always help you. 9．The problem is _____________ we can get in touch with her. 10．The message _____________ responsibility it was is known to all. Ⅱ. 完成句子 1．我已经读了这个通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。 I have read the notice _____________________________________． 2．谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 ______________________________ is still unknown. 3．你通过考试了，真棒。 It's splendid ___________________________． 4．她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She always thinks of ______________________________． 5．司令员命令部队马上出发。 The commander ordered ___________________________________． 6．我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。 I think it necessary __________________________________________． 7．他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。 ________________________________________________________ depends on the traffic. 8．原材料是我们所急需的。 Raw material is ________________________________________________________． 9．我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 The news ________________________________________________________ is exciting. 10．我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 I'm not sure ________________________________________________________． Ⅲ. 短文语法填空 (用适当的连接词填空) I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew 1._____________he was. We wondered 2._____________he was so hungry. We were surprised 3._____________he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted 4._____________the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5.____________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6._____________he took out of an envelope-a million pound bank note. I asked Mr. Clements 7._____________it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8._____________the gentleman showed us couldn’t be a fake. 9._____________a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn’t describe 10._____________excited I was. 能力提升 突破考点 I. 单句语法填空 1． excited me in particular was enjoying the irresistible moon cakes, known as a symbol of the blessing. 2．China now has nearly 30,000 kilometers of high speed track. Using high speed rail, used to be a 34-hour journey can now be accomplished in just seven to nine hours. 3．An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds (化合物) is makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. The images they make depend on the placement of these compounds inside the shell of the firework. 4．Central to Confucianism is the idea that human beings are fundamentally good and they can improve through self-cultivation and self-creation. 5．Ban Zhao was born in Anling, near is now modern Xianyang, Shaanxi province. 6．But that is not Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 7．Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict I will like a particular restaurant. 8．Cut down on you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee pods whose production generates greenhouse gases. 9．It is difficult to forecast threats our heritage sites will face in the future, but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation. 10． life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising. 11． I have harvested most from the contest is not the award but the improvement of my pronunciation and the fun of acting. 12．Interestingly, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in his Lanting Xu about literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups left floating and moving along the winding river. 13．Massive Open Online Courses, called MOOCs, are changing people learn in many places. 14． they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. Meier took some basic materials metal, stone and glass. 15．For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent. 16．Confucius died in 479 BC, and his humble house in is today the city of Qufu, Shandong province, was turned into a memorial the following year. 17．After the construction finishes, there will be at least two sea trials in the summer to test the ship, and also to check the rooms and entertainment facilities (设施) are comfortable. 18．“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding. 19．We are so casual and careless about we use things around us to make us fun, but it is important for our happiness and health. 20． TCM doctors do know is that this rise and fall throughout the body is put down to the flow of qi throughout the body. 21．The poignancy (酸楚) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. 22．It said on the invitation in huge letters that it was going to be a surprise party and we should make sure we didn’t say anything to Charlie that might give it away. 23．The reason for which Tom was not present at the today’s conference was his mother suffered from a severe heart attack yesterday. 24．They advised me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors, and devote myself instead to geography, history... That’s why, at the age of six, I gave up might have been a magnificent career as a painter. 25．No one can deny the fact through this activity, we students not only have a better understanding of the society but also learn how to help people around us. 26．As far as I can recall from my childhood memories, a shop was one could buy soy sauces and vinegar. 27． consumers perceive as luxurious brands and products change over the years, but there appear to be three main drivers. 28．Our relationship to them is one of pupils to teachers and that is it should be. 29．The idea is a driver with a valid driving licence in his own country can drive freely in another country without going through another driving test. 30．However, I find it disappointing our personal, private moments with music are increasingly being turned into information points and offered to advertisers. 31．Giant pandas are seen as living proof conservation works, the numbers of which in the wild are recovering after years of decline. 32．All of us cautiously avoided mentioning the fact the old man’s daughter had suffered physically as well as mentally. 33．My sister’s study habits have left me the impression fifth graders are too old to have stories read out to them. 34．Sometimes I have the illusion one day I will be crowned by an ambassador in the remote country. 35．She has been turned down five times in a row by prospective employers for the reason the job was not “suitable” for female. Ⅱ. 使用本单元所学语法知识(表语从句)翻译下面的语段: 用主语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子, 并组句成篇 1. 我正在大学里学英国文学。(主语从句) 2. 我最大的问题是我不能理解许多英文小说的文化背景。(表语从句) 3. 我是否应该出国留学已经成为我所关心的事情。(主语从句; 表语从句) 4. 很明显, 第一个实际问题是我能否提供学费。(表语从句) 5. 我找老师帮忙, 他的建议是我贷款去国外学习。(表语从句) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 名词性从句 语法讲义 2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第二册 英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 5-2-3 目 录 复习名词性从句 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 · 基础巩固 透析语法 · 能力提升 突破考点 复习名词性从句 · 思维导图 整体掌握 · 语法精讲 规律探析 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。 连接词 词形 词义 在从句中所作的成分 连词 that × × if/whether 是否 × 连接代词 who(ever) (无论)谁(主格) 主语、表语、宾语 whom(ever) (无论)谁(宾格) 表语、宾语 whose(ever) (无论)谁的(所有格) 定语 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪个 主语、宾语、定语 连接副词 when(ever) (无论)什么时候 状语 where(ever) (无论)在哪里 状语 how(ever) (无论)怎样，怎么 状语 why 为什么 状语 I. 主语从句(subject clause) 1. 在复合句中充当主语的从句称之为主语从句, 一般置于句首。 主语从句引导词有: 从属连词 that, whether, if等 只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等 连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语 (1)连词that和whether, 在主语从句中只起连接作用, 不充当任何成分。 (2)连接代词who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。 (3)连接副词when, where, how, why, 在主语从句中作状语。 That he worked out the complex problem astonished other students. 他解决了这个复杂的题目让其他同学感到惊讶。 When the exam of qualification will be held hasn’t been decided. 资格考试什么时候举行还没决定。 Whether he will participate in this campus art festival isn’t clear.   他是否参加这次校园艺术节还不清楚。 What worried the old couple was that their children got involved in the crime.   令这对老夫妇担忧的是他们的孩子参与了这次犯罪。 Whatever happens you may be quite sure that I will not blame you. 不管发生什么事, 你可以确信我不会责备你。 2. 为了防止句子头重脚轻, 通常把形式主语it放在句首位置, 真正主语置于句末。it作形式主语的常见句型有: (1)It is a (fact, pity, question, wonder, good thing, surprise ) that. . . (2)It is necessary (important, strange, natural, etc. ) that sb. should do表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气。 (3)It is said (expected, believed, thought, hoped, known, reported, estimated, required. . . )that. . . (4)It seems(happened/appears/doesn’t matter /makes no difference /occurred. . . )that. . . It is well known to all of us that the trees can’t grow without sunlight and water. 众所周知, 树木生长离不开阳光和水。 It is said that the new adaptation will come out next year . 据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。 It has yet been decided when the tutor will come to give us a speech.   这个导师什么时候来给我们做演讲还没定下来。 【名师点津】that引导主语从句的省略原则 连词that 的省略原则: 若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首, 则that不能省略; 若使用了形式主语it, 则that有时可以省略。例如: That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省) It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省) 【学以致用】语法填空 ①________________ she has became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. ②________________ he can get a nursing qualification remains to be seen. ③________________ will happen in the world is difficult to predict. ④________________ will take the place of our original headmaster hasn’t been decided yet. ________________ next week is being discussed.   我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。 ________________ the chance of studying abroad is unknown.   他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。 ________________ is not clear to anyone.   这事怎样发生的, 谁也不清楚。 【答案】 1　 That 2　 Whether 3　 What 4　 Who 5　 Where we will have the picnic 6　 Why he gave up 7　 How this happened II. 宾语从句(object clause) 1. 定义: 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语, 也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。 从属连词 that, whether, if等 只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等 连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语 It is foolish to believe that one’s race and civilization are superior to others. 认为自己的人种和文明高人一等是愚蠢的。 But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. 但一旦我们认识并喜欢上了他们, 我们就会想, 如果我们错过了这个机会, 那将是多么可怕的事情。 I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 我不知道我和不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。 I don’t know whether he can win back the belief of the teacher. 我不知道他是否能赢回老师的信任。 2. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。 In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. 在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变得越来越重, 而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。 【名师点津】 宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略: ①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省; ②在动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略 I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time. (第二个that不能省) 我相信你会遵守诺言, 准时出现在晚会上。 3. whether/if引导的宾语从句。 whether/if在从句中不充当成分, 但是有“是否”之意, 从句要用陈述语序。 【名师点津】 只用whether不用if引导宾语从句 　　在宾语从句中, 引导词whether和if基本一样, 但下面两种情况只能使用whether: ①引导介词后的宾语从句时; ②和or not一起连用时。 【学以致用】 1　 I truly believe ______________ beauty comes from within. 2　 The old woman asked me ______________ I knew the way to the hospital.   3　 John said ______________ he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 4　 You will question ______________ the voice you’re hearing is actually real. 【答案】 1　 that 2　 if /whether 3　 that 4　 whether 4. 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。 Is there anything wrong in what I said? 我所说的有错误之处吗? We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 我们许诺, 任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。 It was a long road to get where Yan Ning is now. 颜宁花了很长时间, 才有了今天的成就。 【学以致用】 (1)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______________ she was heading. (2)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ______________ is below the water surface. (3)The exhibition tells us ______________ we should do something to stop air pollution. 【答案】 (1) where (2) what (3) why 5. 在insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后, that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”, 表示虚拟。 The doctor suggested that I stay in bed for three days. 医生建议我卧床三天。 He insisted that we stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta. 他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。 【巧学助记】 后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀: “一二三四” 一个坚持(insist); 两个命令(order, command); 三条建议(advise, suggest, recommend); 四项要求(demand, desire, require, request) 【学以致用】 (1)He _______________________.   他坚持要我看他的信。 (2)I advise ____________ you ___________ your coach ___________ your ___________ and __________. 我建议你应该向你的教练咨询一下你的优缺点。 (3) He recommended that ______________.   他建议她做一些研究。 III. 表语从句(predicative clause ) 1. 表语从句放在连系动词之后, 充当复合句中的表语。 表语从句的引导词有: 从属连词 that, whether等 只起连接作用，不在句中作任何成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等 连接副词 when, where, why, how等 在从句中作状语 (1)从属连词: that, whether, as though, as if, why, because 不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用 (2)连接代词: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语 (3)连接副词: when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever在表语从句中充当状语 The trouble is that Henry has no qualifications to teach college students. 麻烦的是亨利不具备教大学生的资格。 The point at issue is whether we go to the party. 争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。 The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 我们最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。 2. 系动词be, appear, seem, look, remain等之后可以跟表语从句。 It seemed as if he had known the fact already. 他好像早已知道这件事了。 It appears that some missiles have been moved. 一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。 It looks as if she had just come back from outer space. 她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来。 【名师点津】表语从句四点易错提醒 (1)表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 (2)不可以用if, 而用whether 引导表语从句。 (3)that在表语从句中不可以省略。 (4)主句主语是reason时, 表语从句要用that引导, 不可用because。 【学以致用】(1)语法填空 ①The most complex problem is ________________ he can’t find enough experienced players to engage in the game.   ②The reason why I’m calling you is ________________ I want to invite you to my birthday party. ③All she’s worried about is ________________ his son has the qualification to participate in activity.   ④This is ________________ we have been looking forward to for years. ⑤ He has heart disease. That is ________________ he has been smoking too much. The problem is ________________ this shop.   问题是谁将接管这家店铺。 That is ________________ journalism.   那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。 【答案】 1　 that 2　 that 3　 whether 4　 what 5　 because 6　 who will be in charge of 7　 when I realized the importance of IV. 同位语从句 　　同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面, 用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word(消息)等。 【名师点津】同位语从句和定语从句的区别 定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的说明, 属于名词性从句的范畴。 The news that our team has won the game is true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, 关系代词that指代news, 在从句中作told的宾语) (2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 科学家已经获得更多证据, 塑料正在进入人们的体内。 【学以致用】 (1)语法填空 ①The opinion ________________ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years. ②The idea ________________ the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here. He often asked me the question _________________________________________________.   他经常问我为什么这项工作值得做。 【答案】 1　 that 2　 that 3　 why the work was worth doing 基础巩固 透析语法 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1．There is no doubt _____________ he will succeed in time. 2．We can't solve the problem _____________ we can travel faster than light. 3．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing _____________ you're afraid to do. 4．Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _____________ he was most needed. 5．It is reported _____________ the government is going to close the factory. 6．_____________ surprises me most is that he is too vain. 7．_____________ Mike didn't turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy. 8．You may depend on it _____________ I shall always help you. 9．The problem is _____________ we can get in touch with her. 10．The message _____________ responsibility it was is known to all. 【答案】 1. that 2. how 3. what 4. where 5. that 6. What 7. That 8. that 9. whether 10. whose Ⅱ. 完成句子 1．我已经读了这个通知，我们学校广播站需要两名英语播音员。 I have read the notice _____________________________________． 2．谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 ______________________________ is still unknown. 3．你通过考试了，真棒。 It's splendid ___________________________． 4．她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She always thinks of ______________________________． 5．司令员命令部队马上出发。 The commander ordered ___________________________________． 6．我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。 I think it necessary __________________________________________． 7．他能否准时参加派对得看交通情况。 ________________________________________________________ depends on the traffic. 8．原材料是我们所急需的。 Raw material is ________________________________________________________． 9．我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 The news ________________________________________________________ is exciting. 10．我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 I'm not sure ________________________________________________________． 【答案】 1. that our school radio station needs two English announcers 2. Who will win the match 3. that you passed your exam 4. how she can work well 5. that troops (should) set off at once 6. that we take plenty of hot water every day 7. Whether he can come to the party on time 8. what we are badly in need of 9. that we won the game 10. why she refused their invitation Ⅲ. 短文语法填空 (用适当的连接词填空) I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today. This afternoon a poorly-dressed gentleman came into my restaurant. Nobody knew 1._____________he was. We wondered 2._____________he was so hungry. We were surprised 3._____________he finished two orders of food in a very limited time. We doubted 4._____________the man was able to pay the bill. The gentleman asked 5.____________ we would mind waiting for just a few minutes. Then we were shocked to see 6._____________he took out of an envelope-a million pound bank note. I asked Mr. Clements 7._____________it was genuine. Mr. Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year. He thought 8._____________the gentleman showed us couldn’t be a fake. 9._____________a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there. I really couldn’t describe 10._____________excited I was. 【答案】 1. who 2. why 3. that 4. whether/if 5. whether/if 6. that 7. whether/if 8. hat 9. Why 10. how 能力提升 突破考点 I. 单句语法填空 1． excited me in particular was enjoying the irresistible moon cakes, known as a symbol of the blessing. 2．China now has nearly 30,000 kilometers of high speed track. Using high speed rail, used to be a 34-hour journey can now be accomplished in just seven to nine hours. 3．An explosive mixture of gun-powder and chemical compounds (化合物) is makes fireworks flash in pretty colours and fun shapes. The images they make depend on the placement of these compounds inside the shell of the firework. 4．Central to Confucianism is the idea that human beings are fundamentally good and they can improve through self-cultivation and self-creation. 5．Ban Zhao was born in Anling, near is now modern Xianyang, Shaanxi province. 6．But that is not Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. 7．Every recommendation she gives me is great since she can predict I will like a particular restaurant. 8．Cut down on you throw away and watch out for single-use items like coffee pods whose production generates greenhouse gases. 9．It is difficult to forecast threats our heritage sites will face in the future, but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation. 10． life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved, but the signs are promising. 11． I have harvested most from the contest is not the award but the improvement of my pronunciation and the fun of acting. 12．Interestingly, the calligrapher Wang Xizhi from the Eastern Jin Dynasty wrote in his Lanting Xu about literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups left floating and moving along the winding river. 13．Massive Open Online Courses, called MOOCs, are changing people learn in many places. 14． they discover instead is a work of art with a museum inside. Meier took some basic materials metal, stone and glass. 15．For example, Mary-Jo Saunders is learning a Chinese poem today. is special is that she is able to recite it without an accent. 16．Confucius died in 479 BC, and his humble house in is today the city of Qufu, Shandong province, was turned into a memorial the following year. 17．After the construction finishes, there will be at least two sea trials in the summer to test the ship, and also to check the rooms and entertainment facilities (设施) are comfortable. 18．“Explore and understand society in practice, and influence the people around us. That’s the meaning of the project lies,” said Ding. 19．We are so casual and careless about we use things around us to make us fun, but it is important for our happiness and health. 20． TCM doctors do know is that this rise and fall throughout the body is put down to the flow of qi throughout the body. 21．The poignancy (酸楚) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. 22．It said on the invitation in huge letters that it was going to be a surprise party and we should make sure we didn’t say anything to Charlie that might give it away. 23．The reason for which Tom was not present at the today’s conference was his mother suffered from a severe heart attack yesterday. 24．They advised me to lay aside my drawings of boa constrictors, and devote myself instead to geography, history... That’s why, at the age of six, I gave up might have been a magnificent career as a painter. 25．No one can deny the fact through this activity, we students not only have a better understanding of the society but also learn how to help people around us. 26．As far as I can recall from my childhood memories, a shop was one could buy soy sauces and vinegar. 27． consumers perceive as luxurious brands and products change over the years, but there appear to be three main drivers. 28．Our relationship to them is one of pupils to teachers and that is it should be. 29．The idea is a driver with a valid driving licence in his own country can drive freely in another country without going through another driving test. 30．However, I find it disappointing our personal, private moments with music are increasingly being turned into information points and offered to advertisers. 31．Giant pandas are seen as living proof conservation works, the numbers of which in the wild are recovering after years of decline. 32．All of us cautiously avoided mentioning the fact the old man’s daughter had suffered physically as well as mentally. 33．My sister’s study habits have left me the impression fifth graders are too old to have stories read out to them. 34．Sometimes I have the illusion one day I will be crowned by an ambassador in the remote country. 35．She has been turned down five times in a row by prospective employers for the reason the job was not “suitable” for female. 【答案与解析】 1．What；考查主语从句。句意：特别让我兴奋的是品尝了不可抗拒的月饼，被称为祝福的象征。空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中充当主语，指物，应用连接代词what，注意单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 2．what；考查主语从句。句意：中国现在有近3万公里的高速铁路。使用高速铁路，过去需要34个小时的旅程现在只需要7到9个小时。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物应用what。故填what。 3．what；考查表语从句。句意：火药和化学化合物的爆炸性混合物是使烟花以绚丽多彩和有趣形状闪烁的原因。它们所呈现的图案取决于这些化合物在烟花外壳内的放置位置。空处引导表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，且表示“使烟花以绚丽多彩和有趣形状闪烁的的东西”，所以应用what引导该从句。故填what。 4．that；考查同位语从句。句意：儒家思想的核心思想是，人类本质上是善良的，并且可以通过自我修养和自我创造来提升自己。本空引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，是完整的句子，所以用that引导。故填that。 5．what；考查宾语从句。句意：班昭出生在安岭，离现在的陕西咸阳不远。引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，表示“……的地方”，所以用连接代词what引导该从句。故填what。 6．what；考查表语从句。句意：但罗斯柴尔德博士并不是这么认为的。他怀疑是其他动物的进化导致了这种变化。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“某事物”，因此使用what引导主语从句，故填what。 7．that；考查宾语从句。句意：她给我的每一个推荐都很棒，因为她能预测到我会喜欢某一家餐馆。分析句子可知，此处为从属连词that引导的宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，无实意，只起到连接作用。故填that。 8．what；考查宾语从句。句意：减少你扔掉的东西，注意像咖啡荚这样的一次性物品，它们的生产会产生温室气体。分析句子成分可知“you throw away”作的是介词on 的宾语，故为宾语从句，且从句中缺少throw的宾语，故用连接代词what 来引导宾语从句。故填what。 9．what；考查宾语从句。句意：很难预测我们的遗产将来会面临什么样的威胁，但我们相信，在遗产保护方面，我们需要这种合作。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作forecast的宾语，在宾语从句中空处修饰threats，且无限定的范围，应用连接代词what作定语，指“面临什么样的威胁”。故填what。 10．Whether；考查主语从句。句意：其他星球上是否存在生命还有待证实，但这些迹象很有希望。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中不缺少主要成分，但是句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处应表示“是否”为whether，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。 11．What；考查主语从句。句意：这次比赛让我收获最多的不是奖项，而是发音的提高和表演的乐趣。分析句子可知，空处与I have harvested most from the contest为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示事物，用连接代词what引导从句，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。 12．how；考查宾语从句。句意：有趣的是，东晋的书法家王羲之在他的《兰亭序》中写道，文人们一边喝着漂浮在蜿蜒河面上的杯中酒，一边写诗。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作about的宾语，结合“literary men composed poetry while drinking from cups”可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 13．how；考查宾语从句。句意：大规模在线开放课程，简称“慕课”，正在许多地方改变人们的学习方式。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作changing的宾语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 14．What；考查主语从句。句意：相反，他们发现的是一件里面有博物馆的艺术品。Meier使用了一些基本的材料，金属，石头和玻璃。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”，应用连接代词what引导从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 15．What；考查主语从句。句意：例如，Mary-Jo Saunders今天正在学习一首中国诗。特别的是，她能毫无口音地背出来。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，“什么”的意思，用连词代词what，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 16．what；考查宾语从句。句意：孔子死于公元前479年，他在今天的山东省曲阜市的简陋的房子在第二年被改成了纪念馆。该空引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，意为“……的地方”，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 17．whether/if；考查宾语从句。句意：建造完成后，在夏季将至少有两次海试来测试这艘船，并检查房间和娱乐设施是否舒适。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作check的宾语，宾语从句的成分完整，结合“test the ship”可知，空处表达“是否”，应用连接词whether或if作引导词。故填whether/if。 18．where；考查表语从句。句意：丁说：“在实践中探索和了解社会，影响身边的人。这就是这个项目的意义所在。”分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，结合“the meaning of the project lies”可知，从句缺少地点状语，应用连接副词where作引导词。故填where。 19．how；考查宾语从句。句意：我们对如何利用周围的事物给自己带来乐趣如此漫不经心，但这对我们的幸福和健康很重要。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作about的宾语，结合“we use things around us to make us fun”可推知，此处指“如何利用周围的事物给自己带来乐趣”，从句缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 20．What；考查主语从句。句意：中医医生的确知道的是，这种全身上下的起伏归因于气在全身的流动。分析句子可知，空处引导主语从句，主语从句中know缺少宾语，结合that引导的表语从句的内容可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且空处位于句首，what的首字母需大写。故填What。 21．what；考查主语从句。句意：乔丹从他心爱的篮球退役去打棒球的辛酸，以及是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处引导主语从句，表示“什么”，应用what引导。故填what。 22．that；考查主语从句。句意：它在邀请函上用大写字母表示，这将是一个惊喜派对，我们应该确保没有对查理说任何可能泄露的话。分析句子结构可知，本空引导宾语从句，It为形式主语，that it was going to be a surprise party为主语从句，and连接两个并列的主语从句，and后的主语从句，不缺少成分和含义，应用that引导。故填that。 23．that；考查表语从句。句意：汤姆没有出席今天的会议的原因是他母亲昨天心脏病发作严重。分析句子可知，空处引导表语从句，从句“his mother suffered from a severe heart attack yesterday(他母亲昨天心脏病发作严重)”结构、意义完整，应用连接词that引导，that引导表语从句时无意义，只起连接作用，故填that。 24．what；考查宾语从句。句意：他们劝我放下画大蟒蛇的画，专心研究地理、历史……这就是为什么在我六岁的时候，我放弃了作为一个画家的辉煌事业。分析句子可知，“ might have been a magnificent career as a painter.”是宾语从句，从句缺主语，用连接代词what引导该从句并充当主语，意为“(我放弃的)什么”。故填what。 25．that；考查同位语从句。句意：没有人可以否认，通过这次活动，我们学生不仅更好地了解了社会，而且学会了如何帮助我们周围的人。分析句子可知，此处为关系词that引导的同位语从句，对先行词fact的解释和说明。故填that。 26．where；考查表语从句。句意：在我的童年记忆中，商店是人们可以买酱油和醋的地方。由句子结构可知，此处缺少表语从句引导词，从句缺少地点状语，应使用连接副词where。故填where。 27．What；考查主语从句引导词。句意：随着时间的推移，消费者对奢侈品牌和产品的看法也在发生变化，但似乎有三个主要驱动因素。句中but连接两个分句，构成并列句；but前的分句是含主语从句的复合句，perceive是从句的谓语动词，主语从句缺少引导词，同时从句谓语动词缺少宾语，指物，所以主语从句由其双重作用的连接代词what引导，且位于句子开头，大写。故填What。 28．what；考查表语从句。句意：我们与他们的关系就像是学生与老师的关系，这是应该的。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少表语，表示“……的样子”，应用what引导表语从句。故填what。 29．that；考查表语从句。句意：这个想法是，在自己国家持有有效驾驶执照的司机可以在另一个国家自由驾驶，而无需通过另一次驾驶考试。设空处引导表语从句, 从句句意完整, 不缺成分, 应使用 that，that 通常不可以省略，故填that。 30．that；考查宾语从句。句意：然而，我发现令人失望的是，我们听音乐的个人的、私人时刻越来越多地被转化为信息点并被提供给广告商。此处考查句型“find it +形容词 + that...”，意为“发现做……是（怎么样的）”，it为形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语从句，设空处为that。故填that。 31．that；考查同位语从句。句意：大熊猫被视为保护工作取得成果的活生生的证明，野生大熊猫的数量在多年的减少后正在恢复。空格处引导同位语从句解释说明名词proof，从句句意完整，成分齐全，应该用连接代词that引导同位语从句。故填that。 32．that；考查同位语从句。句意：我们大家都小心翼翼地避免提及这个事实——这位老人的女儿在身体和精神上都遭受了痛苦。分析句子，设空处引导的是同位语从句，对抽象名词the fact进行解释说明，引导词在从句中不作成分，只起到连接作用，用that。故填that。 33．that；考查同位语从句。句意：我姐姐的学习习惯给我留下了这样的印象，即五年级学生已经被看作是长大了，以至于不需要为他们朗读故事了。分析句子，设空处引导的是同位语从句对抽象名词impression进行解释说明。引导词在从句中不作成分，只起到连接作用，用that。故填that。 34．that；考查同位语从句。句意：有时我会产生幻觉，有一天，一位遥远国度的大使将为我加冕。根据句意可知，空处引导的从句用来解释说明抽象名词“illusion”，是同位语从句，从句句意完整，不缺成分，故用that引导同位语从句。故填that。 35．that；考查同位语从句。句意：她已经连续五次被潜在雇主拒绝，原因是这份工作不“适合”女性。“the job was not “suitable” for female”是对reason的解释说明，所以为同位语从句，从句中不缺少含义，所以应用从属连词that。故填that。 Ⅱ. 使用本单元所学语法知识(表语从句)翻译下面的语段: 用主语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子, 并组句成篇 1. 我正在大学里学英国文学。(主语从句) 2. 我最大的问题是我不能理解许多英文小说的文化背景。(表语从句) 3. 我是否应该出国留学已经成为我所关心的事情。(主语从句; 表语从句) 4. 很明显, 第一个实际问题是我能否提供学费。(表语从句) 5. 我找老师帮忙, 他的建议是我贷款去国外学习。(表语从句) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 　　What I am learning at university is English literature. My biggest problem is that I can’t understand the cultural background of many English novels. So whether I should go abroad to study has become what I’m concerned about. It is clear that the first practical question is whether I can offer the tuition fees. I turned to my teacher and his suggestion is that I get a loan to study abroad. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$