限时规范训练(30) 选择性必修第三册 UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE（word课时作业）-【高考领航】2025年高考英语大一轮复习（人教版2019）

(限时：30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·成都外国语学校模拟)Sitting in the garden for my friend's birthday.I felt a buzz (振动) in my pocket.My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name.The email started off: “Dear Mr.Green，thank you for your interest” and “the review process took longer than expected.” It ended with “We are sorry to inform you ...” and my vision blurred (模糊)．The position—measuring soil quality in the Sahara Desert as part of an undergraduate research programme—had felt like the answer I had spent years looking for. I had put so much time and emotional energy into applying，and I thought the rejection meant the end of the road for my science career. So I was shocked when，not long after the email，Professor Mary Devon，who was running the programme，invited me to observe the work being done in her lab.I jumped at the chance，and a few weeks later I was equally shocked—and overjoyed—when she invited me to talk with her about potential projects I could pursue in her lab.What she proposed didn't seem as exciting as the original project I had applied to，but I was going to give it my all. I found myself working with a robotics professor on techniques for collecting data from the desert remotely.That project，which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert，worked where traditional methods didn't.In the end，I had a new scientific interest to pursue. When I applied to graduate school，I found three programmes promising to allow me to follow my desired research direction.And I applied with the same anxious excitement as before.When I was rejected from one that had seemed like a perfect fit，it was undoubtedly difficult.But this time I had the perspective (视角) to keep it from sending me into panic.It helped that in the end I was accepted into one of the other programmes I was also excited about. Rather than setting plans in stone，I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered，even if they don't sound perfect at the time，and make the most of them. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。 1．How did the author feel upon seeing the email sender's name? A．Anxious.　　　　　　 B．Angry. C．Surprised. D．Settled. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“My heart raced when I saw the email sender's name.The email started off：‘Dear Mr.Green，thank you for your interest’ and ‘the review process took longer than expected.’ It ended with ‘We are sorry to inform you ...’and my vision blurred (模糊)．”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。 2．After talking with Professor Devon，the author decided to ． A．criticise the review process B．stay longer in the Sahara Desert C．apply to the original project again D．put his heart and soul into the lab work 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。 3．According to the author，the project with the robotics professor was ． A．demanding　　　　　　 B．inspiring C．misleading D．amusing 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。 4．What can we learn from this passage? A．An invitation is a reputation. B．An innovation is a resolution. C．A rejection can be a redirection. D．A reflection can be a restriction. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stone，I've learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered，even if they don't sound perfect at the time，and make the most of them.”并结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。 B (2024·山东省日照市校际联考)Wonder was published in February of 2012 and was R．J.Palacio's first novel.One day Palacio took her son to buy ice cream and saw him cry when a girl with facial birth deformities (畸形) sat next to him.Later，while listening to Natalie Merchant's song “Wonder”，Palacio reflected on the situation and began writing the novel，hoping that a tense scene from her own life could turn into a valuable lesson. The story centers around Auggie，a ten-year-old boy.Auggie doesn't look like the rest of us.He was born with a facial deformity that has caused the first person who ever sees him to faint (晕倒)．When Auggie's parents sent him to a regular school，he must face the challenges of fitting in with his classmates and dealing with bullying (霸凌) and exclusion.Along the way，Auggie makes new friends，learns to cope with his condition，and teaches others about the power of acceptance and kindness. The book is divided into several parts，each told by a different character，allowing the reader to see the events through the eyes of various characters.The themes of acceptance，kindness，and family relationships are central to the book's messages.However，some readers may find the plot predictable，and others might want a more diverse and inclusive cast of characters. Despite this，Wonder is a beautifully written and deeply affecting book that offers a powerful message of sympathy and acceptance.By exploring the experiences of Auggie and those around him，the book encourages readers to see beyond appearances and embrace our differences.Its themes and messages are both timely and timeless，and its impact on readers of all ages is undeniable. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本名叫《奇迹》的书于2012年2月出版，是R.J.帕拉西奥的第一部小说，以及这本书里面的内容故事。 5．Where did R．J.Palacio's inspiration for Wonder come from? A．Her son's love for ice cream. B．A song for kids with deformities. C．A story she read in a newspaper. D．Her encounter with a disabled girl. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，R.J.帕拉西奥创作《奇迹》的灵感来自一个残疾女孩。 6．What can we learn about Auggie from Paragraph 2? A．He suffered a lot at school. B．He used to be a school bully. C．He is unsociable at school. D．He dislikes the regular school. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中“When Auggie's parents sent him to a regular school，he must face the challenges of fitting in with his classmates and dealing with bullying (霸凌) and exclusion.Along the way，Auggie makes new friends，learns to cope with his condition，and teaches others about the power of acceptance and kindness.”可推知，从第二段我们可以了解到奥吉在学校受了很多苦。 7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The simple theme. B．Wonder's being beautifully written. C．The predictable plot. D．Readers' having different opinions. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第三段中“However，some readers may find the plot predictable，and others might want a more diverse and inclusive cast of characters.”说明不同的读者有不同的看法，由此可推知，第四段中画线的“this”指的是读者有不同的看法。 8．What does the author think of Wonder? A．Objective and plain. B．Touching and instructive. C．Serious and hard to follow. D．Humorous and straightforward. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，作者认为《奇迹》这本书感人又有教育意义。 Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·成都外国语学校模拟) How to Build a Better Breakfast We've all heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day，and that may actually be true.A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal. 1 But it's not just when you eat; it's what you eat.These tips will help you really rise and shine： Eat even if you're not hungry. Although you might not feel like eating first thing in the morning，it's a good idea to get something into your system.Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism(新陈代谢)and keep you from getting hungry later. 2 Be boring. Changing what you eat is a good idea in theory，but if you are watching your weight，you might want to stick with the same old menu.People who allowed their breakfast calories to change have larger waists(腰围)and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome(代谢综合征)than folks who keep their morning calorie intake constant，no matter how much they eat the rest of the day. 3 Add peanuts or peanut butter. By eating peanuts or peanut butter，the carbohydrates(碳水化合物)are taken in more slowly and blood sugar does not rise as high. 4 So they are less likely to snack later. 5 There's an old saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king，lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper.” It's worth following.Those who eat a balanced 700-calorie breakfast over a 12-week period lower their blood sugar and blood pressure twice more than people who eat a 200-calorie meal.They also lose an average of 19.2 pounds and have lower levels of ghrelin，the“hunger hormone(激素)”． A．Go big. B．Pile on the produce. C．Other studies link skipping breakfast with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure，heart disease，and type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)． D．So it's worth making the effort to hold it steady. E．It could set you up for overeating throughout the day. F．Just a banana will do the trick. G．Plus women feel fuller for up to 12 hours after eating the peanut butter or peanuts. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何吃一顿更好的早餐的几点建议。 1．解析：C　根据空前的“A study found that breakfast eaters were more likely to lose weight than those who didn't eat a morning meal.”可知，一项研究发现，吃早餐的人比不吃早餐的人更容易减肥，此处承接上文，讲的是不吃早餐的其他危害，故选C。 2．解析：F　根据空前的“Eating within 90 minutes of waking up will jump-start your metabolism(新陈代谢)and keep you from getting hungry later.”可知，起床后90分钟内吃东西会加速你的新陈代谢，让你不会感到饿，此处补充说明，说的是关于吃的东西，故选F。 3．解析：D　根据空前可知，与那些保持早晨卡路里摄入量不变的人相比，那些改变早餐卡路里摄入量的人腰围更大，患代谢综合征的概率也更高，不管他们接下来一天吃了多少，此处总结上文，故选D。 4．解析：G　根据空后的“So they are less likely to snack later.”可知，所以她们以后不太可能吃零食，此处解释原因，故选G。 5．解析：A　根据本段内容，特别是第一句“There's an old saying that advises‘Eat breakfast like a king，lunch like a prince and dinner like a pauper.’”可知，早餐要像国王一样吃，午餐要像王子一样吃，晚餐要像乞丐一样吃，再结合后面的对比可知，本段讲的是早餐要吃就吃好，故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·河北省部分示范性高中模拟)On October 5th，Katmai National Park & Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week，when the park's brown bears competing against each other in a challenge much like college basketball's March Madness tournament.Fans use before and after 1. (photo) to vote for the bear they think has gained the most weight over summer 2. (prepare) for hibernation (冬眠)．But 3. began as a contest for conservationists has become a global campaign where superfans stump for (大肆宣传) their favourite bear to be voted the 4. (fat) of them all. Fat Bear Week began in 2014 as Fat Bear Tuesday.Mike Fitz，a former park worker at Katmai，noticed that live cameras 5. (show) the bears generated a lot of online comments.He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on social media.The one-day event 6. (attract) just 1，700 votes in 2014.Last year's week-long contest collected nearly 800，000.Fans gather together 7. (happy) to watch the live bear cameras set up around the park.Some go further.Jean Gross is hosting a bear-themed party where she lives in Northern Michigan.Guests must bring foods that appeal 8. both bears and humans，such as salmon patties and honey butter.This year Ms.Gross says she is rooting for Holly，9. older female，because “she is a nice little fat girl 10. so am I”． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章对阿拉斯加的“胖胖熊黄金周”活动进行了简要介绍。 1．解析：photos　考查名词复数。根据上文主语“Fans”使用了复数可推理出空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填photos。 2．解析：to prepare　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式，故填to prepare。 3．解析：what　考查主语从句。分析句子结构，这是一个包含主语从句的复合句，空白处在主语从句中作主语指内容，故填what。 4．解析：fattest　考查最高级。根据下文“of them all”可知，此处上下文要在三者以上之间比较，应使用形容词最高级，故填fattest。 5．解析：showing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，因与其逻辑主语live cameras之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填showing。 6．解析：attracted　考查时态。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语in 2014可知谓语动词应使用一般过去时，故填attracted。 7．解析：happily　考查副词。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填happily。 8．解析：to　考查介词。分析句子结构，appeal to为固定句型，含义为“对……有吸引力”。 9．解析：an　考查冠词。根据名词的用法，名词前需使用冠词，表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面的older的第一个发音音素为元音，故填an。 10．解析：and　考查连词。根据上文“she is a nice little fat girl”以及下文“so am I”可知上下文之间为并列关系，故填and。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$